EP2364830B1 - Matrice pour le pressage unidirectionnel d'articles en céramique - Google Patents

Matrice pour le pressage unidirectionnel d'articles en céramique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2364830B1
EP2364830B1 EP20110157061 EP11157061A EP2364830B1 EP 2364830 B1 EP2364830 B1 EP 2364830B1 EP 20110157061 EP20110157061 EP 20110157061 EP 11157061 A EP11157061 A EP 11157061A EP 2364830 B1 EP2364830 B1 EP 2364830B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
holes
mold
electric valve
male
article
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP20110157061
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2364830A1 (fr
Inventor
Andrea Guidetti
Franco Ferroni
Paolo Zobbi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GAPE DUE SpA
GAPE DUE SpA
Original Assignee
GAPE DUE SpA
GAPE DUE SpA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2364830A1 publication Critical patent/EP2364830A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2364830B1 publication Critical patent/EP2364830B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/40—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels characterised by means for modifying the properties of the moulding material
    • B28B7/44—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels characterised by means for modifying the properties of the moulding material for treating with gases or degassing, e.g. for de-aerating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/003—Pressing by means acting upon the material via flexible mould wall parts, e.g. by means of inflatable cores, isostatic presses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/38—Treating surfaces of moulds, cores, or mandrels to prevent sticking
    • B28B7/386—Cleaning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/0005—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing for briquetting presses
    • B30B15/0017—Deairing means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a mold for the unidirectional pressing of ceramic articles, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the production cycle of ceramic articles entails a step of pressing powders loaded inside a mold in order to achieve the forming of an article.
  • Such mold is substantially constituted by a containment rim in which one or more receptacles are defined for forming respective articles, which are closed above and below by respective upper male punches and lower male punches of the rigid or isostatic type.
  • an initial step of loading the loose powders into the receptacle a step of closing the mold by means of the male punches actuated by the pressing elements, a preliminary pressing step of controlled intensity and duration so as to facilitate the expulsion of the air trapped among the powder granules loaded into the receptacle, a deaeration step that consists in reopening the mold at least partially in order to allow the escape of the air, one or more pressing steps in order to achieve the forming of the article and a final step for extracting the obtained article from the mold.
  • the outflow of the air mixed with powders through the perimetric opening defined between the at least partially spaced male punches causes early wear of the components of the mold.
  • molds are also known which are modified in order to allow the evacuation of the air directly during the pressing for forming the article.
  • These holes are dimensioned so as to have a diameter which is small enough with respect to the average particle size of the loaded powders, so as to prevent such powders from being sucked into the holes.
  • the holes have a reduced length with respect to the diameter to prevent any aspirated powder granules from settling inside them and blocking them.
  • the suction system has a duct which is associated with each hole and has a much larger diameter than such hole, so as to prevent the settling of powder inside it.
  • Such mold is not provided with a system for the self-cleaning of its internal parts from the aspirated powders.
  • EP 1.882.571 A1 which describes a mould according to the preamble of claim 1 and more specifically an isostatic male punch, the metallic structure of which is provided, at the ribs for separating the various membranes, with a plurality of holes which communicate with a suction system.
  • a respective flow control element is accommodated inside each hole and allows evacuating the air and limiting the aspiration of powders.
  • auxiliary hydraulic circuit which is isolated from the air suction circuit and adapted to press on the flow control elements, making them protrude toward the inside of the receptacle so as to allow access to the holes for their cleaning.
  • such mold allows the removal of any aspirated powders only at the end portion of the holes facing toward the inside of the receptacle and requires the intervention of an operator in order to perform this cleaning intervention.
  • the aim of the present invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks of the background art, by devising a mold for the unidirectional pressing of ceramic articles that allows an effective deaeration of the powders directly during the forming of the article, without entailing structural, installation and maintenance problems.
  • an object of the present invention is to allow efficient and quick cleaning of all the internal parts of the mold that have come in contact with any aspirated powder, so as to keep suction performance constant over time without requiring the intervention of workforce to perform this intervention.
  • Another object of the present invention is to preserve the main components of the mold from wear phenomena linked to the entrainment of powders during deaeration of the powders, so as not to compromise their durability and functionality.
  • a further object of the present invention is to be flexible in application both in presses that are already operating in production facilities and in newly manufactured presses and also to be adaptable both for rigid molds and for isostatic molds.
  • Another object of the present invention is to have a simple structure, which is relatively easy to provide in practice, safe to use, effective in operation and has relatively low costs.
  • a mold for the unidirectional pressing of ceramic articles is generally designated by the reference numeral 1.
  • the mold 1 comprises a containment rim 2, which defines at least one receptacle 3, into which powdered ceramic material C is loaded to form an article M, and at least one pair of mutually opposite male punches 4 for delimiting such receptacle, one of which is arranged in a lower region to define the bottom of the receptacle 3 and the other one is arranged in an upper region in order to define the top of such receptacle.
  • the mold 1 is designed to be paired with a conventional press P, not described in detail because it is of a known type; in particular, the male punches 4 are fixed to respective beams of the press P so that they can move with alternating translational motion in a vertical direction.
  • At least one of the male punches 4 is provided with a plurality of holes 5, each one of which has a first end 5a in communication with the inside of the receptacle 3 and a second end 5b, arranged opposite the first one, which is associated with air suction means 17, which are not described in detail because they are of a traditional type.
  • the holes 5 are also associated with means 18 for delivering a pressurized fluid, preferably of the type of air, through the corresponding second ends 5b, so as to be able to perform a self-cleaning step of the mold 1, the delivery means 18 not being described in detail because they are of a traditional type.
  • the mold 1 can be connected to the suction means 17 and to the delivery means 18 already present directly on board the press P or in any case at the production site where it is installed or to dedicated suction means 17 and delivery means 18.
  • the suction means 17 can be provided with a system for separating air from any aspirated powder granules.
  • the male punch 4 provided with holes 5 is the one designed to form the masonry side of the article M.
  • the male punch 4 provided with holes 5 may be equally the one arranged in an upper region in the press P ( Figures 1-3 ) or rather the one arranged in a lower region ( Figure 4 ).
  • valve means 6 for selective flow control which are interposed between the holes 5 and the suction means 17 and the delivery means 18 and are operated by means of a conventional electronic management and control unit, not shown, which opens and closes them.
  • the electronic unit is interfaced preferably with means for detecting the relative position of the male punches 4 for activating the opening and closing of the valve means 6 as a function of the current condition of the mold 1.
  • detection means can be dedicated and provided together with the mold 1 and then installed on the press P or they can be already present on the press P for detecting the current position of the upper beam with respect to the lower beam and for interfacing with the electronic unit according to methods known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the electronic unit can manage the opening and closing of the valve means 6 as a function of the current condition of the mold 1 and/or on the basis of a duration of the individual preset pressing steps.
  • the valve means 6 provide at least two distinct electric valves driven for opening and closure by the electronic unit: a first electric valve 7 interposed between the holes and the suction means 17 and a second electric valve 8 interposed between such holes and the delivery means 18.
  • the electronic unit keeps the first electric valve and the second electric valve, respectively 7 and 8, closed.
  • the electronic unit activates the opening of the first electric valve 7, keeping the second electric valve 8 closed, so as to achieve the suction of the air trapped among the powders simultaneously with the compaction of such powders.
  • the upper male punch 4 starts to rise together with the corresponding beam of the press P to allow the extraction of the article M from the receptacle 3 ( Figure 3 ).
  • the electronic unit can keep the electric valves 7 and 8 closed, or open one valve or the other for a few moments so as to facilitate the release of the article M from the lower male punch 4.
  • the male punch 4 provided with holes 5 is the upper one ( Figures 1-3 )
  • the first electric valve 7 is kept open in the initial step of spacing the male punches 4 so that the upper one tends to entrain the article M; if however the male punch 4 provided with holes 5 is the lower one ( Figure 4 ), a temporary opening of the second electric valve 8 is activated so as to slightly raise the article M from such male punch.
  • the electronic unit activates the opening of the second electric valve 8 and preferably the simultaneous opening of the first electric valve 7 as well, optionally delayed a few moments with respect to the previous one, so that at the same time a blowing action is performed by the delivery means 18 and a drawing action is performed by the suction means 17.
  • Each hole 5 is connected to a chamber 9, which has larger transverse dimensions than such hole, so as to avoid blockages in case of suction of powder granules, and leads into at least one connecting channel 10, which is common to the holes 5 of each male punch 4; the holes 5, the chambers 9 and the connecting channel 10 are provided inside the male punch itself.
  • the first electric valve and the second electric valve, respectively, 7 and 8 are external to the male punch 4 provided with holes 5 and are associated with such holes through the connecting channel 10.
  • the connecting channel 10 may have a linear or ramified extension and is associated at one end with the first electric valve 7 and at the opposite end with the second electric valve 8.
  • first duct and one second duct respectively, 11 and 12 for connecting the ends of the connecting channel 10 to the respective electric valves 7 and 8.
  • each male punch 4 provided with holes 5 has a single connecting channel 10 with a ramified extension so as to define a sort of grid inside such male punch which is connected to the various chambers 9.
  • the connecting channel 10 is connected, outside the male punch 4, at one end to two first ducts 11 and at the other end to two second ducts 12.
  • the male punch 4 provided with holes 5 can have a plurality of connecting channels 10; in fact, the holes 5 of each male punch 4 can be grouped and the holes 5 of each group can be connected to a respective connecting channel 10.
  • a first duct and a second duct, respectively 11 and 12 may be provided which are connected to each connecting channel 10, or a single first duct 11 and a single second duct 12 may be provided for the various connecting channels 10 of each male punch 4.
  • the first ducts 11 are therefore connected to a same first electric valve 7 by means of a first manifold 13, while the second ducts 12 are connected to a same second electric valve 8 by means of a second manifold 14.
  • first electric valve 7 and corresponding first manifold 13 and a single second electric valve 8 and corresponding second manifold 14 for all the receptacles, or a first electric valve 7 and corresponding first manifold 13 and a second electric valve 8 and corresponding second manifold 14 for each receptacle so as to make their operation independent.
  • Figure 7 exemplifies an embodiment of a multiple mold 1, the three male punches 4 of which, provided with holes 5, are each provided with a single connecting channel 10 of the type described above connected to two first ducts 11 and two second ducts 12; the first ducts 11 and the second ducts 12 associated with the three male punches 4 provided with holes 5 are connected, respectively, to a single first manifold 13 intercepted by the first electric valve 7 and to a single second manifold 14 intercepted by the second electric valve 8.
  • the male punch 4 provided with holes 5 may be of the rigid type ( Figure 5 ) or of the isostatic type ( Figure 6 ).
  • the male punch 4 is usually provided with a structure 15 for supporting one or more elastic membranes 16 and the holes 5 are defined in the structure 15 at the peripheral region of such membranes.
  • the described invention achieves the intended aim and and objects and in particular the fact is stressed that the mold according to the invention makes it possible to ensure suction of the air trapped inside the receptacle directly during forming, with a simple and flexible structure. Moreover, the mold according to the invention allows quick and complete cleaning of the parts affected by the suction from the powder in a fully automatic manner.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Moule (1) servant au pressage unidirectionnel d'articles en céramique comprenant un rebord de confinement (2) qui forme au moins un récipient (3) servant à former un article respectif (M) et au moins une paire de poinçons mâles opposés l'un à l'autre (4) pour délimiter ledit récipient (3), au moins un desdits poinçons mâles étant muni d'une pluralité de trous (5), chacun des trous (5) ayant une première extrémité (5a), qui communique avec ledit récipient (3), et une seconde extrémité (5b), opposée à la première extrémité (5a), extrémités, qui sont associées à des moyens d'aspiration d'air (17) et à des moyens d'alimentation (18) servant à l'alimentation en fluide pressurisé à travers les secondes extrémités correspondantes (5b), des systèmes de valves (6) servant à la commande sélective du débit étant prévus, en outre, systèmes de valves, qui sont disposés entre ladite pluralité de trous (5) et lesdits moyens d'aspiration d'air (17) et lesdits moyens d'alimentation (18) et actionnés par une unité de gestion et de commande électronique qui active l'ouverture et la fermeture des valves, caractérisé en ce que lesdits systèmes de valves (6) comprennent au moins une première valve électrique (7), disposée entre ladite pluralité de trous (5) et lesdits moyens d'aspiration (17), et au moins une seconde valve électrique (8), disposée entre lesdits trous (5) et lesdits moyens d'alimentation (18), ladite unité de gestion et de commande étant configurée de façon à conserver, une fois que le formage de l'article (M) est terminé et le poinçon mâle supérieur (4) commence à monter, pendant quelques moments en configuration ouverte une parmi ladite au moins une valve électrique (7) et ladite au moins une seconde valve électrique (8) afin de dégager ledit article (M) du poinçon mâle inférieur (4).
  2. Moule (1) suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'à l'étape de pressage, ladite unité de gestion et de commande est configurée de façon à conserver la première valve électrique (7) en état ouvert et la seconde valve électrique (8) en état fermé et, de façon à ouvrir au moins la seconde valve électrique (8) à l'étape d'auto-nettoyage.
  3. Moule (1) suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'à ladite étape d'auto-nettoyage, l'unité de gestion et de commande est configurée de façon à conserver ladite première valve électrique (7) en état ouvert.
  4. Moule (1) suivant une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite unité de gestion et de commande est interfacée avec des moyens de détection de la position réciproque des poinçons mâles (4) pour l'actionnement de l'ouverture et de la fermeture desdits systèmes de valve (6) en fonction de l'état actuel dudit moule.
  5. Moule (1) suivant une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que chacun desdits trous (5) communique avec une chambre respective (9) ayant des dimensions transversales supérieures à celles dudit trou et aboutissant dans un canal de liaison (10), lesdites chambres (9) et ledit canal de liaison (10) étant prévus à l'intérieur dudit poinçon mâle (4) pourvu de ladite pluralité de trous (5).
  6. Moule (1) suivant la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que ladite pluralité de trous (5) est associée à ladite première et à ladite seconde valve électrique (7, 8) via ledit canal de liaison (10) afin de permettre l'écoulement de fluide le long des trous (5), des chambres correspondantes (9) et dudit canal de liaison à l'étape d'auto-nettoyage.
  7. Moule (1) suivant une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit poinçon mâle (4) pourvu de ladite pluralité de trous (5) est de type rigide.
  8. Moule suivant une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que ledit poinçon mâle (4) pourvu de ladite pluralité de trous (5) est de type isostatique et comprend une structure (15) servant de support à au moins une membrane élastique (16), les trous (5) étant formés dans ladite structure (15), à la périphérie de ladite membrane (16).
  9. Moule (1) suivant une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit poinçon mâle (4) fonctionne sur le côté externe de l'article (M) en cours de formage.
EP20110157061 2010-03-10 2011-03-04 Matrice pour le pressage unidirectionnel d'articles en céramique Not-in-force EP2364830B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITMO2010A000059A IT1401322B1 (it) 2010-03-10 2010-03-10 Stampo per la pressatura unidirezionale di manufatti ceramici

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2364830A1 EP2364830A1 (fr) 2011-09-14
EP2364830B1 true EP2364830B1 (fr) 2013-01-16

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20110157061 Not-in-force EP2364830B1 (fr) 2010-03-10 2011-03-04 Matrice pour le pressage unidirectionnel d'articles en céramique

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2364830B1 (fr)
IT (1) IT1401322B1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104325545A (zh) * 2014-10-22 2015-02-04 刘页发 陶瓷砖钢模系统
CN112171856A (zh) * 2020-10-13 2021-01-05 杭州林杰建材科技有限公司 一种加气混凝土砌块成型制备工艺

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2402637B1 (es) * 2011-10-25 2014-02-12 Industria Cooperadora Del Azulejo, S.L. Punzón para cerámica.
KR101552018B1 (ko) * 2012-11-07 2015-09-09 오씨아이 주식회사 진공단열재 심재의 성형 장치 및 이를 통해 제조된 진공단열재
ITUA20161432A1 (it) * 2016-03-07 2017-09-07 Siti B & T Group Spa Pressa per la realizzazione di prodotti ceramici
IT201700050342A1 (it) * 2017-05-10 2018-11-10 Gape Due S P A Stampo ad elevata controllabilita'

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2026940A (en) * 1934-12-13 1936-01-07 Harbison Walker Refractories Shaping refractory articles
DD223112A1 (de) * 1984-04-23 1985-06-05 Hermsdorf Keramik Veb Vorrichtung zum rissfreien pressen von formmassen
JPS6164409A (ja) * 1984-09-06 1986-04-02 株式会社　石川時鉄工所 屋根瓦、タイル、煉瓦、碍子等の窯業製品の成型方法および装置
PT1882571E (pt) * 2006-07-26 2012-11-14 Ta Ro Progetti S N C Di Tagliati Rodolfo E C Matriz isostática para formação de ladrilhos

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104325545A (zh) * 2014-10-22 2015-02-04 刘页发 陶瓷砖钢模系统
CN112171856A (zh) * 2020-10-13 2021-01-05 杭州林杰建材科技有限公司 一种加气混凝土砌块成型制备工艺

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITMO20100059A1 (it) 2011-09-11
EP2364830A1 (fr) 2011-09-14
IT1401322B1 (it) 2013-07-18

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