EP2355614B1 - Dispositif de chauffage électrique et procédé de fabrication d'un dispositif de chauffage électrique - Google Patents

Dispositif de chauffage électrique et procédé de fabrication d'un dispositif de chauffage électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2355614B1
EP2355614B1 EP11151472.5A EP11151472A EP2355614B1 EP 2355614 B1 EP2355614 B1 EP 2355614B1 EP 11151472 A EP11151472 A EP 11151472A EP 2355614 B1 EP2355614 B1 EP 2355614B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
heating insert
indentation
electrical heater
ptc thermistor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP11151472.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2355614A1 (fr
Inventor
Arno Lauth
Frank Kamy
Armin Lang
Jürgen Stritzinger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eichenauer Heizelemente GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Eichenauer Heizelemente GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eichenauer Heizelemente GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Eichenauer Heizelemente GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP2355614A1 publication Critical patent/EP2355614A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2355614B1 publication Critical patent/EP2355614B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/02—Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49082—Resistor making
    • Y10T29/49083—Heater type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric heater with a tubular housing and with a heating insert introduced into the housing.
  • the heating element has at least one PTC thermistor.
  • the invention relates to a method for manufacturing such an electric heater.
  • the DE 37 30 161 C2 describes an electric heating element with a tubular hollow body, which encloses a heating insert with a PTC thermistor.
  • a subassembly comprising the PTC thermistor is surrounded by a structure with a slot-shaped notch.
  • the tubular hollow body has on its inside two wedge-shaped guide rails, wherein in the structure with the guide rails corresponding recesses are provided.
  • a slotted metallic sleeve may be provided between the hollow body and the structure.
  • the sleeve Due to the very small wall thickness of the sleeve and due to the provision of an axial, in the region of one of the guide rails arranged longitudinal slot in the sleeve, this can fit the outer contours of the structure. Accordingly, the sleeve has a bead, which is adapted in the shape of the second guide strip.
  • the EP 1 414 275 B1 describes an electric heater with a tubular housing surrounding a heating insert.
  • PTC positive temperature coefficient
  • the electrical resistance of the PTC thermistor thus increases with increasing temperature, so that it self-regulating limits the temperature upwards.
  • the heating insert also includes two heat exchangers, the PTC thermistor - as seen in the radial direction - is arranged between the two heat exchangers. The heat exchangers transfer the thermal heat of the PTC thermistor to the housing.
  • Each of the two heat exchangers has a flat base part on its side facing the PTC thermistor, on which two bent legs are arranged.
  • the legs are in introduced into the housing heating element in the manner of a spiral spring on an inner wall of the housing. Due to the spring action of the legs, the heat exchanger is provided on the housing and thus ensures good heat transfer from the PTC thermistor to the housing for good installation.
  • the plant of the heating insert on the inner wall of the housing is accomplished in that first the heating element in the - rectangular in cross-section - introduced housing and then the housing is compressed. This subsequent compression of opposite sides of the housing is also referred to as Querpresshegen.
  • the housing consists of an aluminum alloy.
  • the US Pat. No. 6,180,930 B1 relates to an electrical heating device with a heating insert, which comprises only one PTC thermistor and two contact electrodes in a common electrically insulating sheath.
  • This heating element is placed in a - also rectangular in cross section - housing made of aluminum or copper.
  • the two opposite side walls of the housing are moved toward each other by squeezing the housing together to clamp the heater between them.
  • the two non-pressurized sidewalls which may be concave or convex, are deformable to yield to the stress of compressing the housing.
  • Object of the present invention is therefore to provide an electric heater and a method of the type mentioned, in which or by which a particularly good heat transfer from the heating element is given to the housing even with a relatively long housing.
  • the heating insert has at least one PTC thermistor.
  • the housing has at least one concave indentation, which is at least selectively in contact with a corresponding concave indentation of the heating insert, wherein the housing is contracted by forming the at least one indentation into the same around the heating insert .
  • a transition region in which a curvature of the housing (possibly also having the value zero) changes as a result of the presence of the indentation is presently regarded as belonging to the indentation.
  • the at least point-like contact between the housing and the heating element can also be designed as a contact region, depending on the design of the indentations.
  • an indentation with a non-steady course that is to say at least one course, in particular a right-angled kink, is to be understood as a concave indentation.
  • the at least one recess provided on the heating insert makes it possible in this case to enter the housing To form a deeper indentation than would be the case with a heating insert, which has a diameter which is substantially constant in at least one direction.
  • a planar contact between the heat exchanger and the inside of the housing can be achieved after the introduction of the heating insert into the housing.
  • Einformen the indentation in the housing adjusting - Spend of housing material in the concave recess of the heater is namely a distance between the heat exchanger and the inside of the housing in different areas of the heat exchanger from the indentation to a very low value, in particular a value of zero, reducible.
  • the housing thus contracts by molding the indentation into the same around the heating insert.
  • the housing and the heating element are thus under pressure together and ensure good heat transfer from the PTC thermistor to the housing.
  • the inner diameter of the tubular housing can be selected to be greater than the maximum outer diameter of the heating insert, since the inner diameter of the tubular housing can be reduced by subsequent molding of the concave recess.
  • the concave recess of the housing can be made by means of a punch of a press or - if the indentation is formed by rolling - by applying pressure to the housing via a roller.
  • the at least one concave recess of the housing is formed as a bead.
  • a groove-shaped recess namely more housing material can be introduced during molding of the indentation in the housing than in a purely punctiform indentation. This can be ensured over a particularly large length of the tubular housing, the close contact of the at least one heat exchanger to the inside of the housing.
  • the concave indentation of the heating insert may be formed in the PTC thermistor itself.
  • a gap open to the housing between at least two components of the heating insert can also provide its concave indentation.
  • the heating insert has at least one heat exchanger designed for transmitting heat of the at least one PTC thermistor to the housing, wherein the at least one concave recess of the heating insert is formed in the at least one heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger can namely be particularly simple and precise formed as a profile part, in which the formation of a concave indentation, for example in the form of a groove, is particularly easy and inexpensive to implement.
  • standardized and easily available further components can be used for the heating insert.
  • the housing is formed of a steel.
  • This material is particularly well suited for molding the at least one concave indentation by plastic deformation, without an elastic spring back and thus reducing the force exerted by the housing on the heating element contact pressure is given.
  • the use of steel, in particular of stainless steel, for the housing also allows the use of the electric heater for heating an aggressive and / or corrosive medium.
  • Such an application of the electric heating device may be given, for example, when an aqueous urea solution is heated or thawed, or when ammonia bound in solid or salt is to be evaporated, which can be used in reducing the nitrogen oxide content in exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine.
  • heating a calcareous medium by means of the heater is also - in comparison to an aluminum alloy as a material for the housing - a lower risk of permanent attachment of lime to the housing given when steel, especially stainless steel, is used for the housing.
  • the housing has circular-cylindrical end regions, it is particularly easy to provide a round base part and a round closure part with which the end regions can be closed. This means that easily available parts can be used by default.
  • the bottom part can be connected at one of the end portions with the tubular housing by welding. However, it is also conceivable to solder or glue the bottom part to one of the end regions.
  • a length of the concave recess of the housing is smaller than an axial length of the housing.
  • the heater is usually shorter than the housing.
  • the heating insert comprises at least two heat exchangers spaced apart in the radial direction, between which the at least one PTC thermistor is arranged, a particularly good heat transfer from the PTC thermistor to the housing is made possible. This is especially true when the PTC thermistor is located centrally between the two heat exchangers.
  • the same heat exchanger are preferably arranged in shape and dimension so that they receive the at least one PTC thermistor between them.
  • standard parts can be used for the heat exchanger.
  • the heating element on at least two heat exchangers which are arranged spaced apart in the axial direction in the housing.
  • materials are used for the heat exchanger and for the housing, which have different thermal expansion coefficients.
  • This is the case, for example, with the use of an aluminum alloy for the heat exchanger and the use of steel or stainless steel for the housing. Due to the much larger thermal expansion coefficient of aluminum, it could over time come to a decrease in the contact pressure, which is exerted by the housing on the heat exchanger, if in the housing over its axial length only a single, uninterrupted heat exchanger is arranged.
  • the heat exchangers have space available in the axial direction, the undesired influence of heat expansion coefficients of different sizes can be better controlled.
  • the use of at least two spaced-apart in the axial direction of the heat exchanger is also advantageous because PTC thermistors usually have larger manufacturing tolerances than the heat exchanger. Are now - seen over the axial length of the housing - several different thickness PTC, or a PTC thermistor whose thickness varies over its length, so can several, separate heat exchanger better make a flat contact with the PTC thermistor. Meadow of the heating insert, however, only a single heat exchanger, this difference in thickness of the PTC thermistor would be very difficult to compensate.
  • the heating insert comprises at least one mounting frame.
  • the individual components of the heating element such as the PTC thermistors and the heat exchanger, in their relative position to each other well positioned and / or fixed.
  • the mounting frame may in particular be connected, for example by means of a plastic injection molding process, with a contact element which serves to apply power to the at least one PTC thermistor.
  • this component of the heating insert is already fixed to the mounting frame, before about the PTC thermistor and the heat exchanger are arranged on the mounting frame. It can also be provided for different components of the heating insert separate mounting frames, which in particular can be coupled to each other to ensure a particularly good cohesion of the components of the heating element.
  • the housing has a connecting seam, in particular a weld, it makes sense to mold the at least one concave indentation spaced from the connecting seam into the housing.
  • a weak point of the housing is omitted from the application of force during molding of the indentation.
  • a heating insert is introduced into a tubular housing which has at least one PTC thermistor.
  • the at least one concave indentation is then molded into the housing in such a way that the indentation is brought into contact at least in regions with a corresponding concave indentation of the heating element, whereby the housing contracts by forming the at least one indentation into the same around the heating insert.
  • the at least one concave indentation is formed by applying pressure to the housing in the housing, wherein a direction in which the pressure is applied coincides with a direction of origin of the at least one concave indentation.
  • a tool exerts pressure on the housing in the region of the indentation of the heating insert in the direction of the indentation and thus forms the indentation of the housing.
  • the width of the tool is for this purpose less than the width of the recess of the heating insert.
  • the at least one concave indentation is formed by deepening an indentation already present in the housing prior to the introduction of the heating insert into the housing.
  • the direction of origin of the at least one indentation is equal to the direction in which the already existing indentation is deepened.
  • the existing before the introduction of the heating insert indentation can serve as a guide and facilitate the exact positioning of the heating insert when inserted into the housing
  • a pressure exerted on the housing during the molding of the at least one concave indentation into the housing is monitored.
  • the indentation in particular a bead
  • the indentation can be increasingly deepened until a predetermined value of the pressure exerted on the housing is reached.
  • this pressure can then be assumed by a correspondingly high contact pressure of the housing on the heating element. In this way, manufacturing tolerances of the heating insert can be taken into account particularly well and yet a consistently high contact pressure can be ensured.
  • An in Fig. 1 shown electric heater 10 includes a housing 12 which is formed of a stainless steel, for example, a stainless steel. With a diameter of 20 mm, a wall thickness thereof may be 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm.
  • a heating insert 14 which includes a PTC thermistor 16.
  • the PTC thermistor 16 may be formed of barium titanate and has a positive temperature coefficient (PTC). Such a barium titanate PTC heating element is characterized by an increasing electrical resistance with increasing temperature.
  • PTC positive temperature coefficient
  • two plate-shaped contact electrodes 18, 20 are provided, between which the PTC thermistor 16 is arranged.
  • the contact electrodes 18, 20 may be formed of a brass alloy. Also, a nickel-plated brass alloy can be used.
  • Die Insulators 22, 24 may be formed of alumina. Alternatively, the insulators 22, 24 can also be applied directly to the contact electrodes 18, 20, for example by injection molding. Another possibility is to provide for electrical insulation, a plastic film, such as Kapton®.
  • the profile parts 26, 28 ensure the heat transfer from the PTC thermistor 16 to the housing 12.
  • the two profile parts 26, 28 are presently formed from an aluminum alloy.
  • the heating insert 14 thus includes, inter alia, the PTC thermistor 16, the contact electrodes 18, 20, the insulators 22, 24 and the profile parts 26, 28th
  • the profile parts 26, 28 have in cross-section substantially the shape of a circle segment, wherein in each of the profile parts 26, 28 in each case a U-shaped groove 30, 32 is formed on a PTC thermistor 16 opposite region of the circle segment.
  • the housing 12 Before the introduction of the heating element 14 in the housing 12, the housing 12 has a circular cylindrical shape, wherein an outer circumference of this circular cylindrical housing 12 in Fig. 1 is represented by a line 34.
  • the inner diameter of the housing 12 is so dimensioned before inserting the heating element 14 that the heating element 14 can be easily inserted into the housing 12. This is the case even if the housing 12 has a particularly large axial length and in this a - also comparatively long - heating insert 14 is to be introduced.
  • the bringing-in of the profile parts 26, 28 of the heating element 14 with the inside of the housing 12 is then carried out, namely by impressing two beads 36, 38 in the housing 12.
  • the beads 36, 38 are formed there in the housing 12, where the grooves 30, 32 of the profile parts 26, 28 are located.
  • a direction of origin 39 of the beads 36, 38 is in Fig. 1 illustrated by arrows and corresponds to the direction of the pressure, which - is applied to the previously circular cylindrical housing 12, for example by means of a punch of a press or by means of a roller to form the beads 36, 38 in the housing 12.
  • the inner diameter of the housing 12 is reduced and a flat contact of the circular arc-shaped areas of the profile parts 26, 28 with the inside of the housing 12 is achieved.
  • a high contact pressure is such a good heat transfer from the profile parts 26, 28 reaches the housing 12 when the PTC thermistor 16 is energized.
  • the arrangement and design of the other components of the heating element 14 may differ from the example shown here.
  • only one electrode may be in (planar) contact with the PTC thermistor 16, wherein a further electrode may be provided as potential terminal by a metallic conductor connected to one of the profile parts 26, 28 and / or through the housing 12 can.
  • a mounting frame (shown schematically here) is provided, by means of which a holding frame for the insulators 22, 24, the contact electrodes 18, 20, the PTC thermistor 16 and the profile parts 26, 28 are provided. This facilitates the insertion of the heating insert 14 into the housing 12.
  • a (not shown) Einschiebevorraum can also be used, which can provide in addition to the mounting frame 40 for a cohesion of the other components of the heating element 14.
  • the insertion device can ensure the insertion of the heating element 14 into the housing 12 for an axial positioning of the heating insert 14, without needing to be provided in the housing 12 an end stop.
  • the two beads 36, 38 are then impressed into the housing 12, for example by means of the punch of the press or by means of the roller.
  • FIG. 2 shows, despite the impressing of the beads 36, 38 end portions 42, 44 of the housing 12 their circular cylindrical shape. This facilitates the attachment of a round bottom portion 46 to the housing 12, such as by welding. Likewise, a closure part of round shape can be provided so particularly simply at the end region 44, through which the contact electrodes 18, 20 pass.
  • electric heater 10 are five pairs of each radially opposite profile parts 26, 28, 26 ', 28' are arranged, wherein between each pair, a gap 48 is provided.
  • the number of PTC thermistors 16 and the insulators 22, 24 may, as in the present case, that of the pairs of profile parts 26, 28, 26 ', 28' correspond, whereas the contact electrodes 18, 20 - seen over the axial length of the housing 12 - in the present case throughout are formed. In this way, manufacturing tolerances of the PTC thermistor 16 can be compensated particularly well.
  • a particularly good contact of the profile parts 26, 28 to the inside of the housing 12 is permanently retained.
  • Fig. 3 shows the electric heater 10 in a plan view, from which particularly good compared to the axial length of the housing 12 smaller length of the bead 38 emerges.

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  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Dispositif de chauffage électrique avec un boîtier (12) de forme tubulaire et avec un élément (14) de chauffage, monté dans le boîtier (12), lequel présente au moins une résistance à coefficient de température positive (16),
    caractérisé en ce
    qu'au moins un retrait concave (36, 38) est moulé dans le boîtier (12), lequel est en contact, au moins ponctuellement, avec un retrait concave (30, 32) correspondant de l'élément (14) de chauffage, moyennant quoi le boîtier (12) est contracté autour de l'élément (14) de chauffage par le biais du moulage du au moins un retrait (36, 38) dans celui-ci.
  2. Dispositif de chauffage électrique selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce
    que le au moins un retrait concave du boîtier est constitué en tant que rainurage (36, 38).
  3. Dispositif de chauffage électrique selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé en ce
    que l'élément (14) de chauffage présente au moins un échangeur thermique (26, 28), conçu pour transmettre la chaleur de la au moins une résistance à coefficient de température positive (16) sur le boîtier (12), moyennant quoi le au moins un retrait concave (30, 32) de l'élément (14) de chauffage est constitué dans le au moins un échangeur thermique (26, 28).
  4. Dispositif de chauffage électrique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisé en ce
    que le boîtier (12) est formé en acier.
  5. Dispositif de chauffage électrique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4,
    caractérisé en ce
    que le boîtier (12) présente au moins une zone d'extrémité cylindrique circulaire (42, 44).
  6. Dispositif de chauffage électrique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5,
    caractérisé en ce
    qu'une longueur du retrait concave (36, 38) du boîtier (12) est plus petite qu'une longueur axiale du boîtier (12).
  7. Dispositif de chauffage électrique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6,
    caractérisé en ce
    que l'élément (14) de chauffage comprend au moins deux échangeurs thermiques (26, 28), en particulier identiques entre eux en forme et en dimension, espacés l'un de l'autre dans le sens radial, entre lesquels est agencée la au moins une résistance à coefficient de température positive (16).
  8. Dispositif de chauffage électrique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7,
    caractérisé en ce
    que l'élément (14) de chauffage présente au moins deux échangeurs thermiques (26, 28, 26', 28'), lesquels sont agencés dans le boîtier (12), espacés l'un de l'autre dans le sens axial.
  9. Dispositif de chauffage électrique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8,
    caractérisé en ce
    que l'élément (14) de chauffage comprend au moins un châssis (40) de montage, relié, en particulier, à un élément (18, 20) de contact, destiné à alimenter la au moins une résistance à coefficient de température positive (16) en courant électrique.
  10. Dispositif de chauffage électrique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9,
    caractérisé en ce
    que le au moins un retrait concave (36, 38) du boîtier (12) est espacé du boîtier (12) d'un cordon de liaison.
  11. Procédé de fabrication d'un dispositif (10) de chauffage électrique, pour lequel un élément (14) de chauffage est monté dans un boîtier tubulaire (12), lequel présente au moins une résistance à coefficient de température positive (16),
    caractérisé en ce
    qu'ensuite, au moins un retrait concave (36, 38) est moulé dans le boîtier (12), de telle sorte que le retrait (36, 38) est mis en contact, au moins ponctuellement, avec un retrait concave (30, 32) correspondant de l'élément (14) de chauffage, moyennant quoi le boîtier (12) se contracte autour de l'élément (14) de chauffage par le biais du moulage du au moins un retrait (36, 38) dans celui-ci.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 11,
    caractérisé en ce
    que le au moins un retrait concave (36, 38) est moulé dans le boîtier (12) par alimentation du boîtier (12) en pression, moyennant quoi un sens, dans lequel la pression est admise, coïncide avec un sens (39) de formation du au moins un retrait concave.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 11 ou 12,
    caractérisé en ce
    que le au moins un retrait concave (36, 38) est moulé dans le boîtier (12) par le biais du creusement d'un retrait, déjà existant avant le montage de l'élément (14) de chauffage dans le boîtier (12).
  14. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 11 à 13,
    caractérisé en ce
    que, lors du moulage du au moins un retrait concave (36, 38) dans le boîtier (12), une pression, exercée sur le boîtier (12), est surveillée.
EP11151472.5A 2010-01-29 2011-01-20 Dispositif de chauffage électrique et procédé de fabrication d'un dispositif de chauffage électrique Not-in-force EP2355614B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010006184A DE102010006184A1 (de) 2010-01-29 2010-01-29 Elektrische Heizeinrichtung und Verfahren zum Fertigen einer elektrischen Heizeinrichtung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2355614A1 EP2355614A1 (fr) 2011-08-10
EP2355614B1 true EP2355614B1 (fr) 2014-03-12

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Country Link
US (1) US8541722B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2355614B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102010006184A1 (fr)

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DE102011054752B4 (de) 2011-10-24 2014-09-04 Stego-Holding Gmbh Kühl- und Haltekörper für Heizelemente, Heizgerät und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kühl- und Haltekörpers
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KR101945565B1 (ko) * 2013-12-06 2019-06-12 주식회사 세라젬 내부도자용 히터 및 그의 제조방법
KR20150000112U (ko) * 2014-10-14 2015-01-08 자화전자(주) 피티씨 히터
DE102016107043B4 (de) * 2016-04-15 2023-10-12 Borgwarner Ludwigsburg Gmbh Heizstab mit Nickel plattiertem Kontaktblech
US11118810B2 (en) 2017-10-19 2021-09-14 Tom Richards, Inc. Heat transfer assembly
EP3490336A1 (fr) * 2017-11-27 2019-05-29 Mahle International GmbH Réchauffeur à coefficient de température positif (ptc)
DE102018131766B3 (de) * 2018-12-11 2020-03-26 Stego-Holding Gmbh Haltekörper, Heizgerät und Verfahren

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Publication number Publication date
US8541722B2 (en) 2013-09-24
US20110186564A1 (en) 2011-08-04
EP2355614A1 (fr) 2011-08-10
DE102010006184A1 (de) 2011-08-04

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