EP2347025A1 - Procede de fabrication d'une piece comprenant un bloc en materiau dense constitue de particules dures et de phase liante presentant un grandient de proprietes, et piece ainsi obtenue - Google Patents
Procede de fabrication d'une piece comprenant un bloc en materiau dense constitue de particules dures et de phase liante presentant un grandient de proprietes, et piece ainsi obtenueInfo
- Publication number
- EP2347025A1 EP2347025A1 EP09755981A EP09755981A EP2347025A1 EP 2347025 A1 EP2347025 A1 EP 2347025A1 EP 09755981 A EP09755981 A EP 09755981A EP 09755981 A EP09755981 A EP 09755981A EP 2347025 A1 EP2347025 A1 EP 2347025A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- block
- binder phase
- temperature
- dense material
- dense
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 nitride compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 73
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 14
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005213 imbibition Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910009043 WC-Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001485 argon Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001687 destabilization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000779 depleting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N B#[Ti]#B Chemical compound B#[Ti]#B QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002301 combined effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000368 destabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002829 nitrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001226 reprecipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000048 titanium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
- C22C29/08—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
- Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
- Y10T428/12049—Nonmetal component
Definitions
- a part comprising a block of dense material consisting of hard particles dispersed in a binder phase by a thermo-chemical treatment, the part having a property gradient.
- Many parts in particular drill bit cutters or machining tools, consist of blocks of hardened carbide type material consisting of carbide particles dispersed in a metal binder phase. These materials, which are extremely hard, and therefore resistant to wear, can also be fragile. Also, in order to reinforce their toughness, they are subjected to treatments intended to introduce within them a ductile phase composition gradient with or without the formation of new phases whose hardness is different from the initial hardness of the block which results either in blocks whose outer surface, or at least a part thereof, is extremely hard and the inner part is more tenacious, either to blocks whose outer surface or at least a part is more tenacious and the inner part is harder .
- non-dense cemented carbide blocks having a porosity gradient can be made by powder metallurgy and infiltrated by a binder phase to improve their ductility to the core.
- This method is poorly suited in particular to the WC-Co type system, because it leads to the partial destruction of the pre-existing carbide skeleton infiltration, and therefore does not achieve the desired properties for a cutter.
- cemented carbides with a composition gradient by natural phase solid sintering of a multilayer component, each of the layers having a different composition.
- this method does not completely densify the material and must be followed by an expensive treatment of hot isostatic compaction.
- the preparation of the cemented carbide gradient composition is complex since it requires the realization of a succession of elementary layers that fit into each other.
- this method has the disadvantage of not generating a continuous composition gradient. It has also been proposed to produce such materials by natural sintering in the liquid phase, which makes it possible very rapidly to obtain, in a single step, a completely dense composition gradient material.
- cemented carbide blocks having a binder phase composition gradient over millimeter distances by enriching these cemented carbides by imbibition from the outside to from a liquid phase capable of penetrating (or migrating) into the cemented carbide.
- This imbibition phenomenon corresponds to the migration of external liquid composition close to that of the solid / liquid system considered perfectly dense under the sole driving force of the migration pressure generated by a local imbalance of the volume fraction of the binder phase and / or the size and morphology of the solid grains.
- This phenomenon concerns any system consisting of condensed phases (solid and liquid) which has an ability to adapt the shape of its solid grains by the absorption of liquid thus making it energetically more stable, that is to say which has a maturing Ostwald with modification of the shape of the hard particles without necessarily causing a magnification of these particles by the phenomenon of dissolution and re-precipitation.
- the inventors have found that it is possible to generate binding phase concentration gradients over millimeter distances inside dense cemented carbide blocks, on the sole condition of depositing a suitable coating on all or part of the surface of the dense cemented carbide block and subject to a suitable heat treatment whose temperature must be at least equal to the temperature allowing the transition to the liquid state of the binder phase (solidus of the cemented carbide considered).
- the material constituting the coating destabilizes (or dissociates) and one or more chemical elements constituting it, diffuse and react or not with the block material, thus generating a binder phase gradient in the block and / or the formation of phases whose hardness is different from the initial hardness of the block over greater or lesser distances, depending on the duration of the heat treatment applied.
- the parameters of the heat treatment can be determined by those skilled in the art in particular depending on the shape of the desired gradient.
- - inactive materials with dense block these are materials that do not generate local variation of binding phase on the macroscopic scale in the dense block;
- active is to be considered in relation to the method namely to bring about a local variation of the binder phase in the dense block.
- active materials there are:
- the active and non-reactive (or chemically inert) materials with the dense block the chemical elements of the material diffuse but do not react with one of the two phases (solid or liquid) of the dense Cermet not forming solid phases;
- the subject of the invention is a method for manufacturing a part comprising a block of dense material consisting of hard particles of the same or different nature dispersed in a binder phase, the material having a solidus temperature T s from of which the binder phase is liquid, characterized in that at least a portion of the surface of the dense material block is deposited with an active coating consisting of a material possibly capable of reacting chemically with the dense material but not providing any additional binder phase, when the assembly is carried beyond a minimum reaction temperature T 1 -, and in that the block coated with the active coating is subjected to a heat treatment comprising heating and then holding for a time t m at a temperature of maintaining T m greater than or equal to the minimum reaction temperature T 1 - , followed by cooling to room temperature.
- This method leads to variations of the binder phase inside the block over milli
- the holding temperature T m is greater than or equal to the solidus temperature T s of the dense material.
- the holding temperature T m is less than or equal to T s +
- the holding time t m is between 1 min and 10 min.
- the active coating can be deposited only on a part of the surface of the block.
- the active coating can be deposited on the entire surface of the block.
- the dense material is for example a cemented carbide consisting of metal carbide particles dispersed in a metal matrix.
- the cemented carbide may further contain natural or synthetic diamond particles up to 1 mm in diameter.
- the cemented carbide is for example of the WC-M type, M being one or more metals taken from Co, Ni and Fe, the sum of the contents by weight of these metals in the binder phase being greater than 50%.
- the coating material capable of reacting with the dense material of the block is for example composed of at least one of nitride, boride, carbide, oxide, hydride, carbonitride, borocarbide and graphite compounds. This material may consist of any mixture of these different compounds.
- the coating can be deposited by a method of PVD type (Physical
- Vapor Deposition or CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition), or a process of spraying or brushing or dipping or screen printing.
- the block of dense material is for example a cutting or support block of a drill bit of a drilling tool or felling or machining of rocks or metals.
- PDC Polycrystalline Diamond Compact
- TSP Thermal Stable Polycrystalline diamond
- the diamond plate can be attached to the block by soldering, after the treatment of the block.
- the thermal process then has the advantage of very simply producing cemented carbide blocks having a property gradient suitable for use as a drill bit or cutting tool bit, or as a cutting bit support block. drilling tool or cutting tool.
- the invention also relates to a cutting tool for rock size tool which comprises a block consisting of hard particles dispersed in a binder phase obtainable by the method according to the invention and which has, for a distance greater than 0.5mm more preferably greater than 1 mm, and more preferably greater than 3 mm, a continuous gradient of binder phase content, the difference in binder phase content between the richest zone and the less rich zone being greater than 1% by volume better than 2%, and better still, greater than 5%.
- the cutting edge may comprise a PDC or TSP-type diamond insert having a thickness of between 0.4 mm and 5 mm.
- the invention also relates to a rock cutting tool which comprises at least one cutter or impregnated blade consisting of a mixture of cemented carbide with natural or synthetic diamond particles (up to 1 mm in size). diameter).
- FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of a dense cemented carbide block completely covered with a coating and all disposed in a heat treatment furnace.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a treated hard cemented carbide block showing the distribution of the binder phase concentration inside the block from the outer surface inwards of the cemented carbide and the formation or not of solid phases of hardness different from the initial hardness of the block.
- FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view of a cutter for drilling tools consisting of a millimeter-thick diamond wafer deposited on a cemented carbide support block treated according to the invention and whose lower surface not been coated.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the evolution of the temperature as a function of time for a heat treatment cycle of a dense block of coated cemented carbide.
- FIG. 5 shows schematically in section a first example of cemented carbide block coated with boron nitride on its upper face and on its side faces.
- FIG. 6 schematically represents the dome shape of the binder phase concentration gradient obtained from the block of FIG. 5, the outer surface of which is poorer in the binder phase than the core after treatment.
- FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 represent a second example of block and concentration gradient obtained in the binder phase, the block being coated with boron nitride only on a part of its upper face and its lateral faces.
- FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 represent a third example of a block and concentration gradient in the binder phase obtained, the block being coated with alumina on its upper face and on its lateral faces and whose outer surface is richer in phase. binding that the heart after treatment.
- blocks intended in particular to manufacture bits for drilling tools or more generally for cutting tools generally parallelepiped shape or cylindrical shape having dimensions of the order of a few millimeters or a few tens of millimeters .
- These blocks obtained by powder metallurgy, consist of a dense material whose structure comprises on the one hand hard particles such as metal carbides, and in particular tungsten carbides, and on the other hand a binding phase consisting of mainly a metal or an alloy metallic.
- this binder phase can form, at a suitable temperature, a eutectic whose melting temperature is lower both at the melting point of the carbides and at the melting point of the metal or of the metal alloy.
- This metal or metal alloy which constitutes the binder phase is for example cobalt but may also be iron or nickel or a mixture of these metals, these elements represent at least 50% by weight of the binder phase.
- This binder phase may also contain addition elements whose sum of the contents may reach at most 15% by weight but generally do not exceed 5%.
- additive elements may be copper to improve electrical conductivity or silicon which has a surfactant effect with respect to the system consisting of carbides and the binder phase.
- the additive elements may also be carburigenic elements making it possible to form mixed carbides or carbides of the M x C 7 type other than tungsten carbide. These elements include manganese, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, titanium, zirconium and afnium.
- the binder phase may comprise additive elements that change the shape and / or inhibit the magnification of hard particles and that those skilled in the art know.
- the chemical composition of these materials includes unavoidable impurities that result from the processes of making.
- the block 1 made of dense material is coated with a layer 2 of thickness generally between approximately 50 ⁇ m and 2 mm, made of a material capable of chemically reacting with the binder phase and / or the carbide phase of the dense material.
- This coating is produced by spraying, PVD deposition (Physical Vapor Deposition) or CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) if this coating material is supplied in gaseous form, or with a brush, by dipping or by silkscreen if the coating material is brought in liquid form.
- the set is then placed on the hearth 3 of a furnace 4 and the assembly is brought to a holding temperature T m and the assembly is kept at this temperature for a time t m so as to ensure the interaction of the external coating or one of its constituent elements with the dense material and generate the formation of a property gradient within the block.
- the holding temperature T m must be greater than or equal to the minimum reaction temperature T 1 - which is the temperature above which the outer coating or one of its elements begins to react (in particular formation of solid phases) or diffuse without reacting (no formation of solid phases but can lead locally to a change in the composition of the binding phase of the dense block) significantly within the block.
- This reaction temperature T 1 - must be greater than or equal to the solidus temperature T s of the cemented carbide which constitutes the block.
- This solidus temperature is the minimum temperature at which the binder phase of the cemented carbide is in the liquid state. This condition is desirable so that the coating or one of its constituent elements can rapidly diffuse and then react or not depending on the coating considered with the constituents (solid grains or liquid phase) of the block being treated.
- the reaction temperature T 1 is greater than or equal to the destabilization or dissociation temperature T d of the compound which is not necessarily greater than the solidus temperature T s of the cemented carbide.
- the reaction temperatures T 1 -, of destabilization T d and the solidus temperature T s depend on the nature of the material of which the coating consists and of the material of which the block is made. Those skilled in the art know how to determine these temperatures.
- reaction temperature Tr which has just been defined is greater than or equal to the solidus temperature Ts so that the diffusion takes place in the binder phase in the liquid state in order to obtain a sufficient diffusion rate.
- the holding temperature T m must not be too high. Preferably, it should remain below T s + 200 ° C and better, below T s + 100 ° C, and better still, below T s +50 ° C.
- the holding time t m must be adapted to the shape and amplitude of the desired gradient and is deduced from the experiment. It is usually of the order of a few minutes.
- the coating material capable of destabilizing or dissociating and / or reacting with the material constituting the dense block to be treated is, for example, a metalloid nitride or metal nitride such as boron nitride, aluminum nitride, titanium nitride, or a boride such as titanium boride, a metalloid carbide or metal such as boron carbide, titanium carbide, or a hydride such as titanium hydride or graphite or an oxide refractory such as alumina or a carbonitride or borocarbide metal or a mixture of such materials.
- a metalloid nitride or metal nitride such as boron nitride, aluminum nitride, titanium nitride, or a boride such as titanium boride, a metalloid carbide or metal such as boron carbide, titanium carbide, or a hydride such as titanium hydride or graphite or an oxide
- the materials used to make the coating of the block to be treated must be active, or in some cases reactive, above the solidus temperature T s , but it is preferable that they remain stable. that is to say, do not dissociate, below this temperature.
- the property gradient obtained may result from a relative hardening of the surface of the block with respect to the core, or on the contrary, a softening.
- the heat treatment comprises, as shown in FIG.
- the holding time t m and the holding temperature T m are adapted according to the dimensions of the block to be treated and the property gradient that is to be obtained.
- the heat treatment can be carried out in a resistance furnace, or an induction furnace, or a microwave oven, under a protective atmosphere or under empty.
- the protective atmosphere is for example argon or a mixture of argon and hydrogen but generally any neutral atmosphere such as argon, nitrogen, hydrogenated argon, hydrogenated nitrogen, hydrogen or possibly a primary or secondary vacuum.
- the block thus treated has a composition, in particular a binder phase content, which varies from outside to inside.
- the figure shows iso-concentration Ci curves in the binder phase, the outermost zone 10 being the poorest in the binder phase and therefore the hardest, and the intermediate zone 11 having an intermediate concentration and the richest zone 12 binder phase being the least hard and therefore the most tenacious.
- FIG. 1 iso-concentration Ci curves in the binder phase, the outermost zone 10 being the poorest in the binder phase and therefore the hardest, and the intermediate zone 11 having an intermediate concentration and the richest zone 12 binder phase being the least hard and therefore the most tenacious.
- the extent of the area affected by the variation of the binder phase content depends both on the maximum holding temperature T m , the holding time t m and the thickness of the coating material.
- T m the maximum holding temperature
- t m the holding time
- the thickness of the coating material At equal thickness of the coating layer, the higher the temperature T m is and the longer the time t m is, the more the affected area is extended; that is, the deeper the block is affected.
- the block as just described is covered on all sides with an active material. But, the active material can be deposited only on a part of the outer surface of the block and thus can lead to hardening or softening that areas of the block located under the coating and therefore have respectively a softened area or hardened core that can extend to the outer surface of the block that is not coated. It will be noted that this variation of the distribution of the binder phase inside the block over millimeter distances is without external binder phase. But this does not mean that the overall binding phase content of the The block that has been treated remains identical because of the binder phase could combine with one or more elements of the coating to form a solid phase, thereby depleting the binder phase content of the block.
- the variation in hardness that can reach several hundred Vickers can be over distances greater than 0.5mm, and can extend throughout the block.
- the first block, marked 10 in FIG. 5, was spray-coated with a layer 11 1 of boron nitride BN, covering the upper face and the side faces of the block, and then treated under vacuum.
- the binder phase concentration gradient obtained is in the form of a dome such that the zone 12 located under the coated surfaces has a hardness greater than about 130 HV to that of the zone. 13 located in the heart of the block.
- the direction of migration of the binder phase is indicated by the arrow and by the increasing direction of the iso-concentrations (C1 ⁇ C2 ⁇ C3 ⁇ C4).
- the second block, marked 20 in FIG. 7, was also coated with a layer 21 of BN boron nitride, but this was only deposited on one half of the block.
- the block was treated under a hydrogenated argon atmosphere.
- the binder phase concentration gradient obtained leads to a hardness amplitude of 120 HV, only the zone 22 located under the coating being cured, the remainder 23 not being hardened.
- the direction of migration of the binder phase is indicated by the arrow and the increasing direction of the iso-concentrations (C1 ⁇ C2 ⁇ C3).
- the third block, marked 30 in FIG. 9, was coated with a layer 31 of Al 2 O 3 aluminum oxide deposited in the form of a liquid paste with a brush on the upper face and on the lateral faces of the block. vacuum treated.
- the binder phase concentration gradient obtained is in the form of a dome, but, contrary to what has been obtained with the first block, the zone 32 close to the surface has been softened so that their hardness is 150 HV less than that of the core zone 33.
- the direction of migration of the binder phase is indicated by the arrow and by the increasing direction of the isoconcentrations ( C1 ⁇ C2 ⁇ C3 ⁇ C4) whose meaning is opposite to the two previous cases.
- the boron nitride makes it possible to harden the zone of the block close to the coating layer, whereas the alumina makes it possible to soften it.
- the furnace atmosphere (vacuum or argon-hydrogenated) used to carry out the treatments has no effect on the result.
- the blocks thus treated may constitute bits of drilling tool or cutting tool and may have dimensions of a few millimeters or even more since it is conceivable to produce cutting blades having dimensions of several centimeters and which can be hardened by this process.
- a cutter for a rock cutting tool or tool for cutting refractory or machining metals consisting of a cemented carbide support block 20 made using the method according to the invention whose side surface is hard and the core tougher (C1 ⁇ C2 ⁇ C3 ⁇ C4) and whose underside has not been coated before heat treatment and whose upper face after treatment has been reported a wafer 21 of natural or synthetic diamond of thickness greater than 0.4 mm according to the HPHT (High Pressure - High Temperature) method of the PDC type
- the support block 20 treated according to the invention can be assembled after the HPHT process by soldering, for example according to the process known under the name of "LS Bond” and described in US Pat. Nos. 4,225,322 and US 5,111, 895 without this operation causing in the block a drastic change in the concentration gradient in the binder phase.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0856771A FR2936817B1 (fr) | 2008-10-07 | 2008-10-07 | Procece pour fabriquer une piece comprenant un bloc en materiau dense du type carbure cemente, presentant un grandient de proprietes et piece obtenue |
| PCT/FR2009/051910 WO2010040953A1 (fr) | 2008-10-07 | 2009-10-07 | Procede de fabrication d'une piece comprenant un bloc en materiau dense constitue de particules dures et de phase liante presentant un grandient de proprietes, et piece ainsi obtenue |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2347025A1 true EP2347025A1 (fr) | 2011-07-27 |
| EP2347025B1 EP2347025B1 (fr) | 2013-01-16 |
Family
ID=40750782
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09755981A Active EP2347025B1 (fr) | 2008-10-07 | 2009-10-07 | Procede de fabrication d'une piece comprenant un bloc en materiau dense constitue de particules dures et de phase liante presentant un grandient de proprietes, et piece ainsi obtenue |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8602131B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2347025B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP5622731B2 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN102282278A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2936817B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2010040953A1 (fr) |
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| US9428822B2 (en) * | 2004-04-28 | 2016-08-30 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Earth-boring tools and components thereof including material having hard phase in a metallic binder, and metallic binder compositions for use in forming such tools and components |
| US8858871B2 (en) | 2007-03-27 | 2014-10-14 | Varel International Ind., L.P. | Process for the production of a thermally stable polycrystalline diamond compact |
| FR2914206B1 (fr) * | 2007-03-27 | 2009-09-04 | Sas Varel Europ Soc Par Action | Procede pour fabriquer une piece comprenant au moins un bloc en materiau dense constitue de particules dures dispersees dans une phase liante : application a des outils de coupe ou de forage. |
| FR2936817B1 (fr) * | 2008-10-07 | 2013-07-19 | Varel Europ | Procece pour fabriquer une piece comprenant un bloc en materiau dense du type carbure cemente, presentant un grandient de proprietes et piece obtenue |
| WO2011146760A2 (fr) | 2010-05-20 | 2011-11-24 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Procédés de formation d'au moins une partie d'outils de forage terrestre, et articles formés par de tels procédés |
| EP2571647A4 (fr) | 2010-05-20 | 2017-04-12 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Procédés de formation d'au moins une partie d'outils de forage terrestre, et articles formés par de tels procédés |
| US8522900B2 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2013-09-03 | Varel Europe S.A.S. | High toughness thermally stable polycrystalline diamond |
| JP6809918B2 (ja) * | 2017-01-31 | 2021-01-06 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 金属成形品の熱処理方法及び製造方法 |
| TWI652352B (zh) * | 2017-09-21 | 2019-03-01 | National Tsing Hua University | 共晶瓷金材料 |
| JP6762331B2 (ja) * | 2018-03-09 | 2020-09-30 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 金属成形品の製造方法 |
| EP3653743A1 (fr) * | 2018-11-14 | 2020-05-20 | Sandvik Mining and Construction Tools AB | Redistribution de liant à l'intérieur d'un insert d'exploration de carbure cimenté |
| US11052496B2 (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2021-07-06 | Worldwide Machinery, Ltd. | Backing material for welding |
| TWI899117B (zh) * | 2019-12-11 | 2025-10-01 | 美商戴蒙創新公司 | 多晶鑽石複合片;胚料、切刀與包括其之切割工具;及製造方法 |
| TWI844759B (zh) * | 2020-02-07 | 2024-06-11 | 日商佑能工具股份有限公司 | 印刷電路板用鑽頭 |
| US12515993B2 (en) | 2020-11-05 | 2026-01-06 | Diamond Innovations, Inc. | Cemented tungsten carbide body and method of forming the cemented tungsten carbide body |
| EP4699744A3 (fr) * | 2022-05-10 | 2026-05-06 | Hilti Corporation | Ciseau à longue durée de vie |
| CN115786791B (zh) * | 2022-12-22 | 2024-02-13 | 杨冠华 | 一种机械破碎锤片及其制备工艺 |
| CN116408435B (zh) * | 2023-04-12 | 2023-11-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种高通量制备金刚石/金属复合材料的方法 |
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2008
- 2008-10-07 FR FR0856771A patent/FR2936817B1/fr active Active
-
2009
- 2009-10-07 WO PCT/FR2009/051910 patent/WO2010040953A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2009-10-07 CN CN2009801392426A patent/CN102282278A/zh active Pending
- 2009-10-07 EP EP09755981A patent/EP2347025B1/fr active Active
- 2009-10-07 US US13/121,366 patent/US8602131B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-10-07 JP JP2011529611A patent/JP5622731B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102282278A (zh) | 2011-12-14 |
| FR2936817A1 (fr) | 2010-04-09 |
| JP2012505306A (ja) | 2012-03-01 |
| EP2347025B1 (fr) | 2013-01-16 |
| JP5622731B2 (ja) | 2014-11-12 |
| WO2010040953A1 (fr) | 2010-04-15 |
| US8602131B2 (en) | 2013-12-10 |
| FR2936817B1 (fr) | 2013-07-19 |
| US20110174550A1 (en) | 2011-07-21 |
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