EP2346953B1 - Intumescent composition - Google Patents
Intumescent composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2346953B1 EP2346953B1 EP09744703.1A EP09744703A EP2346953B1 EP 2346953 B1 EP2346953 B1 EP 2346953B1 EP 09744703 A EP09744703 A EP 09744703A EP 2346953 B1 EP2346953 B1 EP 2346953B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- resin
- polysiloxane
- fibre
- organic
- coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 76
- -1 polysiloxane chain Polymers 0.000 claims description 73
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 41
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920001276 ammonium polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000005370 alkoxysilyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004114 Ammonium polyphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019826 ammonium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003647 acryloyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 84
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 76
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 62
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 42
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 41
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 17
- FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanamine Chemical compound [SiH3]N FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 9
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 8
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 8
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 7
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol A Natural products C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 241000976924 Inca Species 0.000 description 6
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 6
- GUSFEBGYPWJUSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaazanium;[oxido(phosphonatooxy)phosphoryl] phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O GUSFEBGYPWJUSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- KUBDPQJOLOUJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)oxirane;4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenol Chemical compound ClCC1CO1.C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KUBDPQJOLOUJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- BPXVHIRIPLPOPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound OCCN1C(=O)N(CCO)C(=O)N(CCO)C1=O BPXVHIRIPLPOPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CTKHBUGKZXYEJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4-tris(2-aminopropan-2-yl)phenol Chemical compound CC(C)(N)C1=CC=C(O)C(C(C)(C)N)=C1C(C)(C)N CTKHBUGKZXYEJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AHDSRXYHVZECER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-tris[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenol Chemical compound CN(C)CC1=CC(CN(C)C)=C(O)C(CN(C)C)=C1 AHDSRXYHVZECER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HXLAEGYMDGUSBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[diethoxy(methyl)silyl]propan-1-amine Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)CCCN HXLAEGYMDGUSBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZYAASQNKCWTPKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[dimethoxy(methyl)silyl]propan-1-amine Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)CCCN ZYAASQNKCWTPKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DKIDEFUBRARXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 3-mercaptopropionate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCS DKIDEFUBRARXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- DCQBZYNUSLHVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-triethoxysilylpropane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCS DCQBZYNUSLHVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SJECZPVISLOESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCN SJECZPVISLOESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UUEWCQRISZBELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropane-1-thiol Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCS UUEWCQRISZBELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RREANTFLPGEWEN-MBLPBCRHSA-N 7-[4-[[(3z)-3-[4-amino-5-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methyl]pyrimidin-2-yl]imino-5-fluoro-2-oxoindol-1-yl]methyl]piperazin-1-yl]-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(CC=2C(=NC(\N=C/3C4=CC(F)=CC=C4N(CN4CCN(CC4)C=4C(=CC=5C(=O)C(C(O)=O)=CN(C=5C=4)C4CC4)F)C\3=O)=NC=2)N)=C1 RREANTFLPGEWEN-MBLPBCRHSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PWKSKIMOESPYIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-N-acetyl-Cysteine Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(O)=O PWKSKIMOESPYIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910018557 Si O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- PHQOGHDTIVQXHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCNCCN PHQOGHDTIVQXHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KBJFYLLAMSZSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)aniline Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCNC1=CC=CC=C1 KBJFYLLAMSZSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DVYVMJLSUSGYMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-3-trimethoxysilylpropan-1-amine Chemical group CNCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC DVYVMJLSUSGYMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012802 nanoclay Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 3
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Inorganic materials [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- HQYALQRYBUJWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(propyl)silane Chemical class CCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC HQYALQRYBUJWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1C FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical group [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920004482 WACKER® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XZTOTRSSGPPNTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphono dihydrogen phosphate;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1.OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O XZTOTRSSGPPNTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- UWSYCPWEBZRZNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CC(C)CC(C)(C)C UWSYCPWEBZRZNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940096522 trimethylolpropane triacrylate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NOGBEXBVDOCGDB-NRFIWDAESA-L (z)-4-ethoxy-4-oxobut-2-en-2-olate;propan-2-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CCOC(=O)\C=C(\C)[O-].CCOC(=O)\C=C(\C)[O-] NOGBEXBVDOCGDB-NRFIWDAESA-L 0.000 description 1
- YOBOXHGSEJBUPB-MTOQALJVSA-N (z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;zirconium Chemical compound [Zr].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O YOBOXHGSEJBUPB-MTOQALJVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQBLGYCUQGDOOR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1,3,2$l^{2}-dioxastannolane-4,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1O[Sn]OC1=O OQBLGYCUQGDOOR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GQHTUMJGOHRCHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10-octahydropyrimido[1,2-a]azepine Chemical compound C1CCCCN2CCCN=C21 GQHTUMJGOHRCHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTYZTWSUUXQSPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol;propan-2-ol;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].CC(C)O.CC(C)O.OCCN(CCO)CCO.OCCN(CCO)CCO VTYZTWSUUXQSPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BNCADMBVWNPPIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-n,2-n,4-n,4-n,6-n,6-n-hexakis(methoxymethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound COCN(COC)C1=NC(N(COC)COC)=NC(N(COC)COC)=N1 BNCADMBVWNPPIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSMIYGMDJCDHNU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 3-oxobutanoate;titanium(2+) Chemical compound [Ti+2].CC(=O)CC([O-])=O.CC(=O)CC([O-])=O JSMIYGMDJCDHNU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LWFBRHSTNWMMGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenylpyrrolidin-1-ium-2-carboxylic acid;chloride Chemical compound Cl.C1NC(C(=O)O)CC1C1=CC=CC=C1 LWFBRHSTNWMMGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZUGOSPHJWZAGBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N CO[SiH](OC)C=C Chemical compound CO[SiH](OC)C=C ZUGOSPHJWZAGBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013032 Hydrocarbon resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MGJKQDOBUOMPEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N'-dimethylurea Chemical compound CNC(=O)NC MGJKQDOBUOMPEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Phosphate ion(2-) Chemical compound OP([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018540 Si C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane triacrylate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISKQADXMHQSTHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(aminomethyl)phenyl]methanamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=C(CN)C=C1 ISKQADXMHQSTHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZRIUUUJAJJNDSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium phosphates Chemical class [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ZRIUUUJAJJNDSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001046 anti-mould Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002546 antimould Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NSPSPMKCKIPQBH-UHFFFAOYSA-K bismuth;7,7-dimethyloctanoate Chemical compound [Bi+3].CC(C)(C)CCCCCC([O-])=O.CC(C)(C)CCCCCC([O-])=O.CC(C)(C)CCCCCC([O-])=O NSPSPMKCKIPQBH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000004841 bisphenol A epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium acetate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001639 calcium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005147 calcium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011092 calcium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAZYYQMPRQKMAC-FDGPNNRMSA-L calcium;(z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound [Ca+2].C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O QAZYYQMPRQKMAC-FDGPNNRMSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LTPCXXMGKDQPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O LTPCXXMGKDQPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HCWYXKWQOMTBKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dodecyl benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Ca].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HCWYXKWQOMTBKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XRLIOAUFFCHSIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylmethyl(dimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[SiH](OC)CC1CCCCC1 XRLIOAUFFCHSIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCOATMADISNSBV-UHFFFAOYSA-K diacetyloxyalumanyl acetate Chemical compound [Al+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O WCOATMADISNSBV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012975 dibutyltin dilaurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWCYDYZLEAQGJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclopentyl(dimethoxy)silane Chemical compound C1CCCC1[Si](OC)(OC)C1CCCC1 JWCYDYZLEAQGJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JJQZDUKDJDQPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy(dimethyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(C)OC JJQZDUKDJDQPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBCPEZPOCJYHPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy-methyl-octadecylsilane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[Si](C)(OC)OC UBCPEZPOCJYHPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIKFHECYJZWXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyldichlorosilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(Cl)Cl LIKFHECYJZWXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YYLGKUPAFFKGRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyldiethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(C)OCC YYLGKUPAFFKGRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(triethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C=C FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C=C NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOXXJEVNDJOOLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl-tris(2-methoxyethoxy)silane Chemical compound COCCO[Si](OCCOC)(OCCOC)C=C WOXXJEVNDJOOLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSIHJDGMBDPTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxy(trimethyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(C)C RSIHJDGMBDPTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound O=C.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007542 hardness measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013007 heat curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006270 hydrocarbon resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006459 hydrosilylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NOKUWSXLHXMAOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxy(phenyl)silicon Chemical compound O[Si]C1=CC=CC=C1 NOKUWSXLHXMAOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004850 liquid epoxy resins (LERs) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyltrimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)OC BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdate Chemical compound [O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEMHFKXPOCTAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-n'-phenylcarbamimidoyl chloride Chemical compound CN(C)C(Cl)=NC1=CC=CC=C1 GEMHFKXPOCTAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octamethyltrisiloxane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XULSCZPZVQIMFM-IPZQJPLYSA-N odevixibat Chemical compound C12=CC(SC)=C(OCC(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC)C(O)=O)C=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C=C2S(=O)(=O)NC(CCCC)(CCCC)CN1C1=CC=CC=C1 XULSCZPZVQIMFM-IPZQJPLYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003359 percent control normalization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XFZRQAZGUOTJCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 XFZRQAZGUOTJCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000019612 pigmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004987 plasma desorption mass spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000962 poly(amidoamine) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005373 siloxane group Chemical group [SiH2](O*)* 0.000 description 1
- SIFIMQMTABTXMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silylphosphonic acid Chemical class OP(O)([SiH3])=O SIFIMQMTABTXMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001909 styrene-acrylic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(ii) 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Sn+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXOGQBSDPSMHJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(6-methylheptyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCCCC(C)C HXOGQBSDPSMHJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYGYKEULCAINCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(hexadecyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC OYGYKEULCAINCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(methyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)OCC CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCVQKRGIASEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 JCVQKRGIASEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012463 white pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- CHJMFFKHPHCQIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;octanoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC([O-])=O CHJMFFKHPHCQIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NHXVNEDMKGDNPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;pentane-2,4-dione Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O.CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O NHXVNEDMKGDNPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/18—Fireproof paints including high temperature resistant paints
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L83/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08L83/06—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K13/00—Use of mixtures of ingredients not covered by one single of the preceding main groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C08K13/02—Organic and inorganic ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/5399—Phosphorus bound to nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L83/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08L83/08—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to organic groups containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D163/00—Coating compositions based on epoxy resins; Coating compositions based on derivatives of epoxy resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D183/04—Polysiloxanes
- C09D183/06—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/18—Fireproof paints including high temperature resistant paints
- C09D5/185—Intumescent paints
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L83/04—Polysiloxanes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31652—Of asbestos
- Y10T428/31663—As siloxane, silicone or silane
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an intumescent composition, its use to protect structures, and substrates coated with said composition.
- Intumescent coatings are used on many structures to delay the effects of a fire.
- the coating slows the rate of temperature increase of the substrate to which the coating is applied.
- the coating thus increases the time before the structure fails due to the heat of fire. The extra time makes it more likely that fire fighters will be able to extinguish the fire or at least apply cooling water before the structure fails.
- Intumescent coatings generally contain some form of resinous binder, for example a crosslinked high-temperature polymer such as an epoxy resin or a vinyl toluene / styrene acrylic polymer.
- the resinous binder forms the hard coating. If an epoxy resin is present in the binder, the binder also provides a source of carbon, which, in a fire, is converted to a char.
- An adjunct material typically phosphorous
- the coating contains additives called “spumifics” that give off gas in a fire, which causes the char to swell into a foam.
- spumifics additives that give off gas in a fire, which causes the char to swell into a foam.
- Melamine, melamine pyrophosphate, and ammonium polyphosphate are commonly used spumifics.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an intumescent composition which gives a hard foam layer which may negate the use of fibres. This object is achieved by having a silicon-containing resin present in the composition, in combination with an organic resin.
- a fire retardant composition with self-extinguishing properties for laminating applications comprises a polysiloxane resin and an epoxy resin as organic resin.
- the present invention relates to an ambient temperature curable intumescent coating composition
- an ambient temperature curable intumescent coating composition comprising:
- the binder In a fire, the binder is pyrolysed, resulting in an insulating foam layer of a silicon-containing char.
- silicon-containing char Without wishing to be bound to theory, it is believed that the presence of silicon in the char increases the hardness of the char and also increases the efficiency of the char by means of higher residual matter to obtain insulative properties.
- composition according to the invention may act as an intumescent coating, as a topcoat, and as a protective coating.
- a separate protective layer to protect the substrate from, e.g., corrosion.
- a separate topcoat to improve appearance and/or protect the intumescent layer against the effects of atmospheric weathering.
- polysiloxane is defined as a polymer which includes linear, branched, ladder and/or cage structures and has a Si-O backbone with organic side groups attached to silicon atoms through a carbon or heteroatom linkage, wherein at least part of the silicon atoms is attached to one, two, or three oxygen atoms.
- silicon atoms Although at least part of the silicon atoms is attached to one, two, or three oxygen atoms, it is possible for part, but not all, of the silicon atoms to be attached to four oxygen atoms.
- the resin comprising a polysiloxane chain that is present in the composition according to the present invention is either
- a precursor for a polysiloxane chain is defined as a monomeric siloxane having one or more silicon atoms, wherein at least one of the silicon atoms is attached to (i) one, two, or three, i.e. less than four, oxygen atoms and (ii) at least one organic side group through a Si-C linkage, said precursor being able to polymerise by hydrolysis and condensation reaction to form the polysiloxane chain during drying of the layer. It should be noted that where said precursor contains more than one silicon atom, some but not all silicon atoms may have four oxygen atoms attached to them.
- polysiloxane precursors that do not contain a functional group selected from the list presented above, other than alkoxysilane groups, are vinyl trimethoxysilane, vinyldimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltris(2-methoxyethoxy)silane, methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, trimethylethoxysilane, isooctyltrimethoxysilane, isooctyltrimethoxysilane, isooctyltriethoxysilane, hexadecyltriethoxysilane, (octadecyl)methyldimethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, (cyclohexyl)methyldimethoxysilane, and dicyclopentyldimethoxysilane.
- the resin comprising a polysiloxane chain can be a polysiloxane as defined above, wherein said functional groups are present on the organic side chains. Alternatively, said resin has an organic backbone with one or more pendant polysiloxane chains.
- organic resin refers to a resin of organic nature, which may contain heteroatoms, but does not contain polymeric or oligomeric silicone, siloxane, or silicate structures. The organic resin contains alkoxysilyl-functional groups.
- the invention encompasses three Main Embodiments A, C, D, which are further explained below.
- the resin comprising a polysiloxane chain is a polysiloxane as defined above, the organic side groups on the polysiloxane comprise said functional group(s), and said resin has been either pre-reacted or blended with an organic resin.
- This composition further contains a compound capable of reacting with or catalysing the reaction between the functional groups. This compound is further referred to as "curing agent”.
- a preferred type of curing agent is an amine curing agent.
- suitable amine curing agents are aminosilane, polyamides, polymeric mannich bases, amine-functional polypropylene or polyethylene oxides, and polysiloxanes containing amine groups.
- a preferred type of amine curing agent is an aminosilane, more preferably an aminoalkyl silane containing at least two alkoxy groups bonded to silicon.
- suitable aminoalkyl silanes are primary amines such as 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, and 3-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane, primary secondary amines such as N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, secondary amines such as N-methyl- or N-phenyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, polyglycolether-modified aminosilanes, and triamino-functional propyltrimethoxysilanes. Similar aminosilanes having two or three silicon atoms can also be used.
- thiol-functional curing agents such as pentaerithitol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate), thiol based curing agents linked to an organic backbone by ether linkages, thiol-functional silanes, such as mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, and thiol-functional silicone oils used in conjunction with a base catalyst such as DMP30 (tri-[dimethylaminomethyl] phenol).
- a base catalyst such as DMP30 (tri-[dimethylaminomethyl] phenol).
- an organic resin is blended or pre-reacted with the polysiloxane or its precursor.
- Organic resins suitable for use in the composition of the present invention are alkoxysilyl-functional organic resins.
- the organic resin and the polysiloxane may be present in the composition according to this Main Embodiment as a blend, or they may have been pre-reacted. If used as a blend, the organic resin and the polysiloxane are preferably blended in a weight ratio of 1:10 to 10:1, more preferably 1:5 to 5:1.
- the polysiloxane or its precursor can be pre-reacted with the organic resin in various ways, such as (i) dealcoholisation condensation, (ii) reacting a part of the functional groups present on the polysiloxane (precursor) with the appropriate reacting groups on the organic resin, or (iii) hydrosilylation.
- the dealcoholisation reaction can be performed by heating of a mixture of the organic resin and the polysiloxane (precursor) in the presence of a catalyst.
- the reaction temperature preferably ranges from 50° to 130°C, more preferably from 70° to 110°C.
- the reaction is preferably conducted for about 1 to about 15 hours and under substantially anhydrous conditions in order to prevent polycondensation reactions of polysiloxane (precursor).
- suitable catalysts are organic bases (e.g.
- amines acids (acid phosphates), oxides of metals like lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, magnesium, calcium, barium, strontium, zinc, aluminium, titanium, cobalt, germanium, tin, lead, antimony, arsenic, cerium, boron, cadmium, and manganese, their organic acid salts, halides, or alkoxides.
- acids acid phosphates
- oxides of metals like lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, magnesium, calcium, barium, strontium, zinc, aluminium, titanium, cobalt, germanium, tin, lead, antimony, arsenic, cerium, boron, cadmium, and manganese, their organic acid salts, halides, or alkoxides.
- the resin comprising a polysiloxane chain has an organic backbone with one or more pendant polysiloxane chains; the functional group(s) is/are present as pendant or terminal group(s) on the organic backbone or on the polysiloxane chain(s).
- This composition further contains a curing agent for said functional group(s).
- the resin comprising a polysiloxane chain of this embodiment is the reaction product of an organic resin and a polysiloxane or a precursor thereof.
- the composition according to this embodiment also contains a curing agent.
- the curing agent must contain functional groups capable of reacting with at least one of the types of functional groups present on the resin comprising a polysiloxane chain. If more than one type of functional group is present on said resin, it is preferred that the curing agent is capable of reacting with at least two of these types of functional groups.
- the curing agent may be a polysiloxane capable of reacting with said functional groups.
- a preferred type of curing agent is an amine curing agent.
- suitable amine curing agents are aminosilane, polyamides, polymeric mannich bases, amine-functional polypropylene oxide/polyethylene oxide, and polysiloxanes containing amine groups.
- a preferred type of amine curing agent is an aminosilane, more preferably an aminoalkylsilane containing at least two alkoxy groups bonded to silicon.
- suitable aminoalkylsilanes are primary amines such as 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, and 3-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane, primary amines such as N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, secondary amines such as N-methyl- or N-phenyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, polyglycolether-modified aminosilanes, and triamino-functional propyltrimethoxysilanes. Similar aminosilanes having two or three silicon atoms can also be used.
- thiol-functional curing agents such as pentaerithitol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate), thiol based curing agents linked to an organic backbone by ether linkages, thiol-functional silanes, such as mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, and thiol-functional silicone oils used in conjunction with a base catalyst such as DMP30 (tri-[dimethylaminomethyl] phenol).
- a base catalyst such as DMP30 (tri-[dimethylaminomethyl] phenol).
- a further organic resin is blended with the resin comprising a polysiloxane chain or its precursor.
- the functional group(s), apart from alkoxysilyl groups, is/are not present on the resin comprising a polysiloxane chain or its precursor.
- the binder additionally comprises an organic resin and the functional group(s) is/are present on said organic resin.
- This composition further contains a curing agent for said functional group(s).
- the resin comprising a polysiloxane chain preferably is a polysiloxane.
- suitable polysiloxanes that can be used in this Main Embodiment are liquid methoxy-, ethoxy-, and silanol-functional polysiloxanes with a molecular weight above 400, such as DC 3037 and DC 3074 (both ex Dow Corning), or SY 231, SY 550, and MSE 100 (all ex Wacker).
- the organic resin present in the binder of the composition according to this Main Embodiment contains at least one functional group selected from alkoxysilyl.
- composition may contain one or more additional organic resins, which may or may not contain functional groups.
- the composition according to this embodiment also contains a curing agent.
- the curing agent must contain functional groups capable of reacting with at least one of the types of functional groups present on the organic resin. If more than one type of functional group is present on said resin, it is preferred that the curing agent is capable of reacting with at least two of these types of functional groups.
- a preferred type of curing agent is an amine curing agent.
- suitable amine curing agents are aminosilane, polyamides, polymeric mannich bases, amine-functional polypropylene oxide/polyethylene oxide.
- a preferred type of amine curing agent is an aminosilane, more preferably an aminoalkylsilane containing at least two alkoxy groups bonded to silicon.
- suitable aminoalkylsilanes are primary amines such as 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, and 3-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane, primary secondary amines such as N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, secondary amines such as N-methyl- or N-phenyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, polyglycolether-modified aminosilanes, and triamino-functional propyltrimethoxysilanes. Similar aminosilanes having two or three silicon atoms can also be used.
- thiol-functional curing agents such as pentaerithitol tetrakis(3-mercapto propionate), thiol based curing agents linked to an organic backbone by ether linkages, thiol-functional silanes, such as mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, and thiol-functional silicone oils used in conjunction with a base catalyst such as DMP30 (tri-[dimethylaminomethyl] phenol).
- a base catalyst such as DMP30 (tri-[dimethylaminomethyl] phenol).
- the composition according to all embodiments of the present invention contains one or more intumescent ingredients.
- One essential intumescent ingredient is a spumific.
- a spumific provides expansion gas as it decomposes in the heat of a fire. It is desirable that the spumific gives off gas at a temperature at which the resinous binder is soft but which is below the temperature at which the char is formed. In this way, the char which is formed is expanded and is a better insulator.
- spumifics such as melamine, melamine formaldehyde, methylolated melamine, hexamethoxymethylmelamine, melamine monophosphate, melamine biphosphate, melamine polyphosphate, melamine pyrophosphate, urea, dimethylurea, dicyandiamide, guanylurea phosphate, glycine, or amine phosphate.
- the foregoing materials release nitrogen gas when they decompose upon exposure to heat.
- Compounds which release carbon dioxide or water vapour upon exposure to heat can also be used.
- Spumifics which liberate water as they decompose upon heating are compounds such as Boric acid and boric acid derivatives. Expandable graphite can also be used as a spumific for these systems.
- the spumific is preferably present in the composition according to the present invention in an amount of 1 to 20 wt%, more preferably 1 to 10 wt%, and most preferably 3 to 7 wt%, based on the total weight of the composition.
- composition according to all embodiments of the present invention further comprises a char-forming adjunct as an intumescent ingredient.
- a char-forming adjunct such as ammonium polyphosphate
- component C) of the invention may be a single ingredient. In this instance the invention can therefore be achieved with fewer ingredients.
- the single ingredient is ammonium polyphosphate.
- a char-forming adjunct promotes the formation of a char when the composition is exposed to fire.
- Lewis acids are believed to perform this function.
- Phosphorus compounds such as ammonium phosphates, phosphonatosilanes, more preferably ammonium polyphosphate, or phosphoric acid are used. It is also possible to use other char-forming adjuncts in addition to phosphorus containing compounds.
- Ammonium polyphosphate can be used optionally in conjunction with tris-(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate (THEIC). If THEIC is used, the ratio of THEIC to ammonium phosphate preferably is between 10: 1 and 1:10 and more preferably between 3:1 and 1:3.
- the char-forming adjunct is preferably present in the composition according to the present invention in an amount of 5 to 30 wt%, more preferably 10 to 25 wt%, and most preferably 1 to 20 wt%, based on the total weight of the composition.
- a further intumescent ingredient that may be present in the composition according to all embodiments of the present invention is an additional source of carbon, i.e. additional to the optional organic resin.
- additional carbon sources are pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, polyvinyl alcohol, starch, cellulose powder, hydrocarbon resins, chloroparaffins, and phosphated plasticisers.
- Fire retardants other than chloroparafins may also be employed in the formulation (such as zinc borate)
- composition according to all embodiments of the present invention preferably contains 10 to 80 wt%, more preferably 15 to 65 wt%, and most preferably 25 to 45 wt% of the binder.
- the compound capable of reacting with or catalysing the reaction between the functional groups is preferably present in the composition in an amount of 1 to 20 wt%, more preferably 5 to 15 wt%, and most preferably 7 to 12 wt%.
- the composition preferably contains 1 to 70 wt%, more preferably 1 to 60 wt%, and most preferably 5 to 50 wt% of intumescent ingredients. All weight percentages are based on the weight of the entire composition.
- composition according to all embodiments of the invention may also contain a compound which acts as a catalyst for Si-OR condensation.
- the composition is capable of curing under ambient temperature and humidity conditions to tack-free in 2 to 20 hours even without such a catalyst, but a catalyst may be preferred to give a faster cure.
- a catalyst for Si-OR condensation is an alkoxytitanium compound, for example a titanium chelate compound such as a titanium bis(acetylacetonate) dialkoxide, e.g., titanium bis(acetylacetonate) diisopropoxide, a titanium bis(acetoacetate) dialkoxide, e.g., titanium bis(ethyl-acetoacetate) diisopropoxide, or an alkanolamine titanate, e.g., titanium bis(triethanolamine) diisopropoxide, or an alkoxytitanium compound which is not a chelate such as tetra(isopropyl) titanate or tetrabutyltitanate.
- a titanium chelate compound such as a titanium bis(acetylacetonate) dialkoxide, e.g., titanium bis(acetylacetonate) diisopropoxide, a titanium bis(acetoacetate) dialk
- Such titanium compounds containing alkoxy groups bonded to the titanium may not act as catalysts alone, since the titanium alkoxide group is hydrolysable and the catalyst may become bound to the cured composition by Si-O-Ti linkages.
- the presence of such titanium moieties in the cured composition may be advantageous in giving even higher heat stability.
- the titanium compound can for example be used at 0.1 to 5% by weight of binder.
- Corresponding alkoxide compounds of zirconium or aluminium are also useful as catalysts.
- a suitable catalyst is an organotin compound, for example a dialkyltin dicarboxylate such as dibutyltin dilaurate or dibutyltin diacetate.
- an organotin catalyst can for example be used at 0.05 to 3% by weight, based on the weight of the binder.
- organic salts such as carboxylates, of bismuth, for example bismuth tris(neodecanoate).
- Organic salts and/or chelates of other metals such as zinc, aluminium, zirconium, tin, calcium, cobalt, or strontium, for example zirconium acetylacetonate, zinc acetate, zinc acetylacetonate, zinc octoate, stannous octoate, stannous oxalate, calcium acetylacetonate, calcium acetate, calcium 2-ethylhexanoate, cobalt naphthenate, calcium dodecylbenzene sulphonate, or aluminium acetate, 1,8-di-azabicyclo-[5.4.0]undec-7-ene may also be effective as catalysts.
- composition of the invention may further contain solvents and/or pigments.
- suitable solvents are di-methylbenzene and tri-methylbenzene.
- suitable pigments are titanium dioxide (white pigment), coloured pigments such as carbon black, one or more strengthening pigments such as fibres, e.g. ceramic fibre, glass fibre, or carbon fibre, one or more anticorrosive pigments such as wollastonite or a chromate, molybdate or phosphonate, and/or a filler pigment such as barytes, talc or calcium carbonate.
- strengthening pigments such as fibres, e.g. ceramic fibre, glass fibre, or carbon fibre
- anticorrosive pigments such as wollastonite or a chromate, molybdate or phosphonate
- a filler pigment such as barytes, talc or calcium carbonate.
- the composition may also contain one or more thickening agents such as fine-particle silica, bentonite clay, hydrogenated castor oil, or polyamide wax, one or more plasticisers, pigment dispersants, stabilisers, mould releasing agents, surface modifiers, flame retardants, antibacterial agents, antimoulds, low density fillers, endothermic fillers, char promoters, fluxing aids, and levelling agents.
- thickening agents such as fine-particle silica, bentonite clay, hydrogenated castor oil, or polyamide wax
- plasticisers such as fine-particle silica, bentonite clay, hydrogenated castor oil, or polyamide wax
- plasticisers pigment dispersants
- stabilisers stabilisers
- mould releasing agents such as surface modifiers, flame retardants, antibacterial agents, antimoulds, low density fillers, endothermic fillers, char promoters, fluxing aids, and levelling agents.
- compositions may be present in the composition, their presence is not required to obtain a hard char. Therefore, it is preferred that the composition according to the present invention does not contain fibres.
- composition does not comprise both a nanoclay and graphite.
- the composition may also contain minute particles of amorphous silica with particle sizes of about one micron or less, preferably about 3 to 500 nm. These particles assist in reducing the density of the intumescent coating.
- suitable minute silica particles include flame silica, arc silica, precipitated silica and other colloidal silicas.
- the minute silica particles are particles of fumed silica. More preferably, the fumed silica is a surface treated silica, for instance a silica treated with dimethyldichlorosilane or hexamethyldisilazane. Even more preferably, the amorphous silica particles are polydimethylsiloxane oil-treated fumed silica particles.
- the composition according to the present invention preferably contains 0.1-10 wt%, and more preferably 0.5-5 wt% of amorphous silica particles.
- the silica particles preferably have a surface area of about 20-500 m 2 /g.
- the composition generally cures at ambient temperatures, for example -5° to 40°C, and is thus suitable for application to large structures where heat-curing is impractical when the temperature is low.
- the composition of the invention alternatively may be cured at elevated temperatures, for example from 40° or 50°C up to 100° or 130°C, if so desired.
- the hydrolysis of silicon-bonded alkoxy groups depends on the presence of moisture: in almost all climates atmospheric moisture is sufficient, but a controlled amount of moisture may need to be added to the composition when curing at sub-ambient temperature or when curing in very low humidity (desert) locations.
- the water is preferably packaged separately from any compound containing silicon-bonded alkoxy groups.
- the composition according to all embodiments of the present invention preferably has a solids content of at least 50% by weight (wt%), more preferably at least 80 wt%, and most preferably at least 85 wt%, based on the total weight of the composition.
- the solids content is based upon a theoretical calculation of the solvent in the formulation excluding that which would be released upon curing.
- the Volatile Organic Content (VOC) of the composition as present in a paint can preferably does not exceed 250 g/l and most preferably is less than 100 g/l solvent per litre of the composition.
- composition has the form of a 2-pack composition, they refer to the solids content and the VOC of the composition after the two packs have been mixed.
- composition according to all embodiments of the present invention can be applied on various substrates. It is particularly suitable to be applied on metal substrates, more in particular steel substrates. Due to the strength of the char, the intumescent may also protect structures from jet fires, i.e. high-temperature, high heat flux, high-velocity flames. Some compositions according to the present invention can thus also be applied in jet fire resistant zones.
- the composition can be applied by conventional methods for applying intumescent compositions, such as spraying or troweling.
- the Bisphenol A system is more representative of the resins used in commercial hydrocarbon intumescent coatings and as such was tested both with and without fibres.
- Coatings were formulated as coating PVC 40%, 100% resin stoichiometry, ratio of Ammonium Polyphophate: Pentaerythritol: Melamine 4:1:1 by weight.
- the paints were 100% solids ie. no solvent introduced. Pigmentation was mixed into the resin using high speed dispersion equipment, with the pigments being split between the two packs (resin and epoxy agent) as appropriate.
- a further set of coatings were also tested in which fibres were added to the coating.
- a blend of 3 fibres; 0.8wt% carbon fibre, 0.8wt% rockfibre, 0.8wt% magnesium silicate fibre were added.
- Nominally equivalent coatings were produced based on a range of siloxane binders.
- Coatings were tested in a 1.5m 3 furnace operating under a hydrocarbon heating curve (in accord with BS476). The time to failure (when the back face of the coated steel panel reaches 400°C) was recorded.
- Coatings were applied by airless spray on 4mm thickness on 30.48x30.48 cm 12x12 inch) steel plate. No reinforcing mesh was used. Five thermocouples were attached to the back of each steel plate and the average thermocouple reading was taken.
- the furnace test therefore provides an assessment of the adhesive/cohesive characteristics of the char, When poor adhesion/cohesion is observed the expanded coating can detach from the panel.
- the cohesive properties are believed to be related to the strength of the char.
- the strength of the char was measured in two ways; a) using a finger hardness test and b) using a commercial force gauge. In both tests the char is measured after cooling to room temperature. Both tests measure the resistance to compression of the char. In the first test hardness of the char was assessed by finger - assess hardness on a scale of 0 (poor) to 5 (good).
- the force gauge is a Mecmesin AFG 100 gauge which is driven into the char at 0.25mm/sec. The force as a function of depth of penetration is measured. To allow a comparison of the strength of the various chars the force required to achieve 80% compression of the char was compared.
- the force gauge and finger hardness tests were also carried out on a flame retardant i.e. not a known intumescent, comprising an amine functional siloxane epoxy resin system, the details of which are found in Appendix Table 2.
- the flame retardant coating comprises only graphite and not both a spumific and char forming adjunct. It also contained an additional component of nanoclay dispersed in the resin.
- siloxane coatings with and without fibres give at least equivalent fire performance (with regard to time to 400°C) to the controls and in certain cases provide a significant improvement in the time to failure.
- control coatings have very low strength even when containing the fibres.
- control 1 completely detached on cooling illustrating its poor adhesion/cohesion.
- the flame retardant coating was also very soft.
- the polysiloxane coatings with no fibres and 50% loading have much greater strength then the fibre containing controls and the flame retardant. It has also been shown therefore that lowering of the fibre content in the polysiloxanes still allows a hard char to be formed.
- Table 1 Furnace test data Coating Time to 400°C Controls Control 1 (DER331 + INCA830), No fibre 30 Control 1 Fibre 32 Control 2 (Sartomer + INCA830), No fibre Not tested Control 2 Fibre 26 Siloxanes Coating A, No Fibre 29 Coating A, Fibre 27 Coating Bi, No Fibre 29 Coating Bi, Half Fibre 28.5 Coating Bi, Fibre 25 Coating Bii, No Fibre 43 Coating Bii, Fibre 34 Coating C, No Fibre 34 Coating C, Half Fibre 39.3 Coating C, Fibre 42.1 Coating D, No Fibre 44 Coating D, Fibre 33.5
- DER331 ex Dow Chemicals. Liquid epoxy resin, based on Bisphenol A, epoxy equivalent weight 182-198. Inca 830 Polyamido amine curing agent with equivalent weight 93 ex Akzo Nobel, Sartomer 351 Trimethylol propane triacrylate ex Sartomer Company, equivalent weight 99. Ammonium Polyphosphate Exolit AP422 ex Clariant. Pentaerythritol Charmor PM40 ex Perstorp. Melamine Melafire ex DSM (a micronised melamine grade). Carbon Fibre Sigrafil C25 S003 ex SG2 Carbon Group. Rockfibre Rockfibre MS615 Roscoul 1000 ex Lapinous Fibres a silicate based fibre.
- Control 1 Control 1, Fibre Control 2, Fibre Fire Retardant D.E.R 331 32.32 32.14 Exolit AP 422 34.4 32.98 33.84 Sartomer 351 24.15 MY 0510 8.05 Inca 830 16.08 15.98 22.68 Melafine 8.6 8.25 8.48 Charmour PM40 8.6 8.25 8.48 Rockfibres 0.8 0.8 Isofrax 1260 0.8 0.8 Sigrafil C25 0.8 0.8 Silicone fluid 65000VP 65.38 Nanofil 32 6.54 Grafguard 220-80B 20.03 Note Control 2 no fibre formulation not included as not tested.
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NO334530B1 (no) * | 2010-12-14 | 2014-03-31 | Beerenberg Corp As | En brannbeskyttet stålstruktur og avtakbare kledninger for brannbeskyttelse av stålstrukturer |
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- 2009-11-06 BR BRPI0916067A patent/BRPI0916067A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-11-06 WO PCT/EP2009/064738 patent/WO2010054984A1/en active Application Filing
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- 2009-11-06 CN CN200980144914.2A patent/CN102209762B/zh active Active
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- 2009-11-06 KR KR1020117012564A patent/KR101644896B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
MA32930B1 (ar) | 2012-01-02 |
WO2010054984A1 (en) | 2010-05-20 |
TWI496854B (zh) | 2015-08-21 |
AU2009315777A1 (en) | 2011-06-23 |
TW201024384A (en) | 2010-07-01 |
RU2524600C2 (ru) | 2014-07-27 |
AU2009315777B2 (en) | 2014-08-21 |
CA2742690C (en) | 2017-08-22 |
CN102209762B (zh) | 2014-06-25 |
IL212546A0 (en) | 2011-06-30 |
MX2011004971A (es) | 2011-07-29 |
US20110311830A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 |
CN102209762A (zh) | 2011-10-05 |
NZ592521A (en) | 2014-02-28 |
EP2346953A1 (en) | 2011-07-27 |
KR20110095280A (ko) | 2011-08-24 |
CA2742690A1 (en) | 2010-05-20 |
JP2012508288A (ja) | 2012-04-05 |
BRPI0916067A2 (pt) | 2015-11-10 |
JP5525539B2 (ja) | 2014-06-18 |
KR101644896B1 (ko) | 2016-08-02 |
RU2011122488A (ru) | 2012-12-20 |
MY160132A (en) | 2017-02-28 |
SA109300661B1 (ar) | 2014-09-10 |
IL212546A (en) | 2015-10-29 |
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