EP2338602B1 - Pre-cutter or perforated disc for multi-part cutting sets - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a Vorschneider- or perforated disc for multi-part cutting sets of crushing machines, especially for meat grinders and the like.

In crushing machines, which consist of multi-part sets of stationary perforated discs and rotating knives, each to be shredded material is conveyed by at least one screw conveyor under appropriate pressure in the multi-part blade set and crushed in passing through the cutting step gradually. The size of the flow openings in the successive in the conveying direction perforated discs decreases in the process, it being necessary depending on the particular processing task to match the sizes of the flow openings and the speed of the blades and the number of knife edges to each other.

Such cutting sets are preferably used for comminuting animal raw materials, in particular for mincing meat, with such machines, which operate on the wolf principle, being subject to constantly increasing demands with regard to performance and quality of the end product.

In the so-called meat grinders, the material to be shredded is conveyed by a transport screw into a multi-part cutting set, in which depending on the desired degree of shredding precutting, cross or ring knives and perforated discs are arranged in various combinations.

In such cutting sets, a step destructuring of the material to be processed takes place over a plurality of cutting planes, wherein precutting and perforated disks with the outlet edges of their throughflow openings serve as counter cutting edges to the rotating knives.

The raw material meat is a very inhomogeneous multilayer material consisting of muscle fibers, adipose tissue and high-strength collagens for sheathing the muscle groups and tendons. In combination, the material is up to a hundred times more resilient than pure muscle meat, so that in the mentioned combination of material elements in the lumpy state maximum external forces can be absorbed by internal tension.

In a compact and lumpy form, the high-strength and spatial networking of the collagenous parts and tendons with the muscle fibers counteracts deformation and external destructive forces due to pressure and thrust with solidification of the entire meat part.

In the known multi-part cutting set combinations, this inner material holding system, ie the spatial strength and tension system is gradually destroyed by cutting operations, through the interaction of the knife with the exit edges of the flow openings of Vorschneider- or perforated disc as a counter-blade. The smaller the raw material parts become in the course of the gradual comminution of the raw material, the more they lose their ability to generate a counterforce effect on external forces and thus can penetrate even faster into smaller flow openings or holes of the perforated disks.

It can be seen that in order to achieve a gentle comminution of meat parts multipart sets of cutting assemblies are required, resulting in a considerable design effort and in view of the inevitable wear of the tools also to a corresponding maintenance due to the required number of tools. DE-69813745-T2 . FR-972882 and DE-2451389-A1 Disclosed perforated discs according to the preamble of claim 1. The object of the invention is therefore to significantly increase the performance of the cutting system without the need for using additional cutting elements to positively influence the effectiveness of the cutting operations while improving the quality of the final product.

This object is achieved according to the invention by a Vorschneider- or perforated disc according to claim 1. The inner tension system in the grown raw material is destroyed by integrated into the flow openings of Vorschneider- or perforated disc knife edges and thus the stability of the shape resistance of the raw material is reduced, or eliminated , so that as a result of a soft material deformability is obtained, which is a prerequisite for faster penetration of the raw material into the openings of the perforated discs.
By provided in the precutting and perforated discs and when flowing through the material through the openings in the pre-cutter and in the perforated discs become effective knife cutting a pronounced destructuring of the inner material network and the material Strength achieved, which also has a particularly advantageous effect on the cutting operations, which - as usual - done between the rotating knives and the exit edges of the openings of Vorschneider and perforated discs.
Based on a specific cutting set, the efficiency of the cutting system can be increased so much by the measures according to the invention, as otherwise usually only with at least two additional cutting elements can be achieved.
Since the raw material is cut so far only by the flow in the Vorschneider- and Lochscheibensystem the flow, that inner Stoffverflechtungen collagen elements and the ability to absorb voltage to be destroyed, there is a high drainability of the crushed raw material and a desired low resistance to penetration of the material into small holes in the end hole disc of a cutting set. All of this is an essential consequence of the invention according to the invention, optimally effective comminution by deep cutting on all sides and in particular overarching cutting in the volume of meat parts when flowing through the openings in Vorschneider- and perforated discs.

The knife edges provided are preferably formed by integrated, acute-angled and sharp-edged protrusions on the inner walls of the flow openings, and these knife edges are preferably provided with a hard and low-wear surface coating, which significantly increases the life of the knife edges.

Fig. 1

eine Prinzipdarstellung eines Vorschneidersystems mit integrierten Schneiden,

Fig. 2

eine Schnittdarstellung entsprechend der Linie A-A von Fig. 1, und

Fig. 3

eine der Fig. 2 entsprechende Schnittdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsvariante.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine schematische Draufsicht auf einen Vorschneider, der die Form einer Ringscheibe mit Innenring 9, Außenring 10 und dazwischen vorgesehenen Radialspeichen 11 aufweist, so dass zwischen Innenring, Außenring und Radialspeichen jeweils eine Durchflussöffnung 1 vorliegt, die erfindungsgemäß mit einer Mehrzahl integrierter Messerschneiden 3 versehen ist. Diese Messerschneiden 3 können - abweichend von der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Ausführung - auch größere Höhen besitzen und sich bis in die Nähe des Mittelbereichs der jeweiligen Durchflussöffnung 1 erstrecken können, so dass bei Durchfließen des zu zerkleinernden Stoffes tiefe Einschnitte in das Stoffmaterial erzeugt werden.The height of adjacent knife edges may be at least partially chosen differently, and it is advantageous if at least a portion of the knife edges extends to near the central region of the respective flow opening, so that an all-round deep and possibly also cross-cutting into the volume of the respective meat part is obtained. According to the invention, the flow-through openings have a draw-in or compression zone with a cross-sectional area which decreases in the raw material conveying direction and subsequently a knife zone with knife edges which are straight in the conveying direction or produce a product twist. In an advantageous embodiment, the axial extent of the knife zone is greater, preferably at least by a factor of 3 greater than the axial extent of the feed zone.
These measures further increase performance by combining the ability of the meat pieces to reduce their volume by material compression up to 30% with internal stress build-up with simultaneous and all-round effective, deep intervention cutting work.
In the concrete embodiment, this is preferably achieved in that the through-flow openings of the roughing or perforated disc in the region of the feed zone are conical or after a preceding section of constant cross-section then designed conically deeper, so that in the region of the knife zone, the compression of the material to be cut is done.
Within the flow openings, the knife edges - viewed in the conveying direction - preferably have a starting from the inner wall The flow opening rising region and then have a range of at least substantially constant height. This design facilitates and promotes the penetration of the knife edges in the respective material, which must be taken into account in each case, which elastic properties of the raw material to be cut, as a result of certain cutting lengths are required to ensure the cutting to the greatest possible depth.
The invention is realized in both individual precutting and perforated discs, but it also generally comprises multi-part cutting sets for crushers when the cutting set used comprises at least one precutter or perforated disc according to any one of claims 1-7. Further details or features of the invention will be explained in connection with an embodiment with reference to the drawing; in the drawing:

Fig. 1

a schematic representation of a pre-cutter system with integrated cutting edges,

Fig. 2

a sectional view corresponding to the line AA of Fig. 1 , and

Fig. 3

one of the Fig. 2 corresponding sectional view of another embodiment.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic plan view of a pre-cutter, which takes the form of an annular disc with inner ring 9, outer ring 10 and in between provided radial spokes 11, so that between the inner ring, outer ring and radial spokes in each case a flow opening 1 is present, which is provided according to the invention with a plurality of integrated knife edges 3. These knife edges 3 can - deviating from the in Fig. 1 embodiment shown - also have greater heights and can extend into the vicinity of the central region of the respective flow opening 1, so that deep cuts are generated in the fabric material when flowing through the material to be shredded.

Each flow opening 1 has a pull-in or compression zone 2, i. a zone whose cross-sectional area decreases in raw material conveying direction, so that in particular a conical compression zone is formed. Subsequent to this intake or compression zone 2 there is a knife zone 4 with knife edges 3 which initially increase in the conveying direction and then preferably have a constant height.

According to a possible, shown in the figures, but by no means limiting embodiment of the invention, the knife edges 3 are formed by overlapping, corresponding to the circumferential contour of the flow openings 1 in the perforated disc material introduced from one side holes 6, wherein on the introduction side of the holes opposite side the perforated disc material a recess 7 is provided, which tapers conically to form the already mentioned indentation or compression region, wherein the holes 6 open in the oblique wall 8 of the tapered recess 7.

The sectional view after Fig. 2 shows these holes 6, wherein the transitions between adjacent holes form the knife edges 3.

These knife blades 3 thus formed inevitably receive a run-on slope as a result of the recess 7 limiting oblique wall 8, in which these holes 6 open.

In the embodiment according to Fig. 2 the depression forming the compression zone is continuously conically tapered, whereas in the embodiment according to FIGS Fig. 3 this conical taper is placed recessed with the inclined surface 8, that is, in this case, the compression or intake zone 2 in the conveying direction initially has a constant cross section and only then tapered cross section.

In the compression zone upstream of the knife zone 4 with conicity or deeper conicity, a material compression of about 10 to 30% is achieved. The plurality of knife edges 3, which are located in the knife zone 4, depending on the raw material to be processed in each case preferably has a run-up slope of about 8 to 20 °, which leads to optimal Einschneidevorgängen.

The depth of cut is evidently determined by the dimensions of the integrated knife edges 3, and the length of the cut results from the total length of the flow opening, taking into account the respective feed zone 2. The effective knife length is preferred in relation to the length of the feed zone in a ratio of about 70:30 chosen to 80:20. These are preferred values for destroying, at least in large part, the inner strength network of the stock matrix, with certain lengths of cut being required to ensure maximum depth of cut in view of the elastic properties of the raw material.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Flow openings

2

feed zone

3

knife-edge

4

diameter zone

5

Inner wall of the flow opening

6

drilling

7

deepening

8th

oblique wall

9

inner ring

10

outer ring

11

radial spokes

Claims (8)

1. A precutter plate or breaker plate for multipart cutting units of comminution machines, in particular for meat mincers and the like, wherein at least some of the throughflow openings (1) of the precutter plate or breaker plate are provided with a plurality of knife blade edges (3) at least substantially extending in the raw material conveying direction,
   characterized in that
   those throughflow openings (1) have an indentation zone or compression zone (2) having an area of cross-section decreasing in the raw material conveying direction and, adjoining it, a blade zone (4) having knife blade edges (3) which are straight or effect a product swirl in the conveying direction.
2. A precutter plate or breaker plate in accordance with claim 1,
   characterized in that
   the knife blade edges (3) preferably provided with a hard and low-wear surface coating are formed by acute-angled and sharp-edged projections at the inner walls (5) of the throughflow openings (1).
3. A precutter plate or breaker plate in accordance with claim 2,
   characterized in that
   the heights of adjacent knife blade edges (3) differ at least in part and at least some of the knife blade edges (3) extend up to and close to the middle region of the respective throughflow opening (1).
4. A precutter plate or breaker plate in accordance with one or more of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that
   the axial extent of the blade zone (4) is larger, in particular at least larger by a factor of 3, than the axial extent of the indentation zone (2).
5. A precutter plate or breaker plate in accordance with one or more of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that
   the knife blade edges (3) - viewed in the conveying direction - have a region which increases starting from the inner wall (5) of the throughflow opening (1) and, adjoining it, a region of constant height.
6. A precutter plate or breaker plate in accordance with one or more of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that
   the knife blade edges (3) are formed by mutually overlapping bores (6) introduced into the breaker plate material from one side in accordance with the peripheral contour of the throughflow openings (1); and in that a recess (7) is provided at the oppositely disposed side of the breaker plate material which tapers, in particular tapers conically, in at least one part region, with the bores (6) opening in the slanted wall (8) of the tapering recess (7).
7. A precutter plate in accordance with one or more of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that
   the regions of the breaker plate disposed between an inner ring (9) and an outer ring (10) and between radial spokes (11) are formed as throughflow openings (1) provided with knife blade edges (3).
8. A multipart cutting unit for comminution machines comprising stationary precutter plates and/or breaker plates and rotating blades associated therewith, in particular for meat mincers for comminuting raw material of animal origin such as meat, connective tissue and the like,
   characterized in that
   the cutting unit has at least one precutter plate or breaker plate in accordance with one or more of the preceding claims.

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