EP2327078A1 - Procede de fabrication d'une grille submillimetrique electroconductrice, grille submillimetrique electroconductrice - Google Patents
Procede de fabrication d'une grille submillimetrique electroconductrice, grille submillimetrique electroconductriceInfo
- Publication number
- EP2327078A1 EP2327078A1 EP09752412A EP09752412A EP2327078A1 EP 2327078 A1 EP2327078 A1 EP 2327078A1 EP 09752412 A EP09752412 A EP 09752412A EP 09752412 A EP09752412 A EP 09752412A EP 2327078 A1 EP2327078 A1 EP 2327078A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- grid
- layer
- overgrid
- mask
- mother
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/04—Coating on selected surface areas, e.g. using masks
- C23C14/048—Coating on selected surface areas, e.g. using masks using irradiation by energy or particles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional [2D] radiating surfaces
- H05B33/26—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional [2D] radiating surfaces characterised by the composition or arrangement of the conductive material used as an electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F71/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/20—Electrodes
- H10F77/206—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers
- H10F77/211—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a submillimetric electroconductive grid and such a grid.
- Manufacturing techniques are known that make it possible to obtain metal grids of micron size. These have the advantage of achieving surface resistances less than 1 Ohm / square while maintaining a light transmission (T L ) of the order of 75 to 85%.
- the process for obtaining these grids is based on a technique for etching a metal layer either by means of a photolithographic process associated with a liquid etching process or by a laser ablation technique. .
- a 10 ⁇ m copper strip bonded with an epoxy type glue is used on a plastic film polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
- PET plastic film polyethylene terephthalate
- the strip is coated with a resin and insolated through a mask to form the grid.
- This manufacture induces a prohibitive manufacturing cost and requires a high number of steps. The price increases exponentially with the size of the grid.
- Optical properties and / or conductivity properties electric grid are at least comparable to those of the prior art.
- the invention firstly relates to a method for producing a submillimetric grid, in particular a submicron grid (at least for the gate width), on a main surface of a substrate, in particular a plane, comprising:
- grating mask (directly or not) on the main face, including: the deposition of a masking layer from a solution of colloidal nanoparticles stabilized and dispersed in a solvent, the particles having a given glass transition temperature Tg,
- the formation of the electroconductive grating from the grating mask comprising in this order: a deposit of at least one electroconductive material, referred to as gate material, of electrical resistivity of less than 10 -5 ohm cm, more preferably of resistivity electrical less than 10 "6 ohm. cm, preferably a metallic material, to fill a fraction of the depth of the openings, - removal of the masking layer, until revealing an electroconductive grid, said mother gate,
- the open-net mask according to the invention and its method of manufacture according to the invention have a number of advantages.
- the mask thus has a random, aperiodic structure on at least one characteristic direction of the network (therefore parallel to the surface of the substrate), or even on two (all) directions.
- the arrangement of the strands of the mother grid (and of the possible overgrid) can then be substantially the replica of that of the network of openings.
- the thickness of the mask can be submicron up to several tens of microns. The greater the thickness of the mask layer, the larger A (respectively B) is.
- edges of the zones of the net mask are substantially straight, that is to say in a mean plane between 80 and 100 ° with respect to the surface (if curved surface with respect to the tangential plane), or even between 85 ° and 95 °.
- the deposited layer is discontinuous (no or little deposit along the edges) and the coated mask can thus be removed without damaging the mother grid.
- the deposit can be made both through the openings and on the mask.
- the opening network can be cleaned using a plasma source at atmospheric pressure.
- stabilizing the nanoparticles in the solvent in particular by treatment with surface charges, for example by a surfactant, by controlling the pH), in order to prevent them from agglomeration with each other, that they precipitate and / or that they do not fall by gravity.
- the concentration of the nanoparticles is adjusted, preferably between 5%, even 10% and 60% by weight, even more preferably between 20% and 40%. It avoids the addition of binder (or in a sufficiently small quantity not to influence the mask).
- width (mean) of the apertures of the micron or even nanometric grating A in particular between a few hundred nanometers to a few tens of micrometers, in particular between 200 nm and 50 ⁇ m,
- the open pattern rate non-opening, "blind” opening
- the interconnection breaking rate is less than 5%, or even less than or equal to 2%, in a given region of the mask, or even on the majority or the entire surface, so with a limited network rupture see almost zero, possibly reduced, and deleted by etching the network, - for a given pattern, the majority or all patterns, in a given region or on the entire surface, difference between the largest characteristic dimension of the pattern and the smallest characteristic pattern dimension is less than 2, to enhance the isotropy,
- edges are of constant spacing, parallel, in particular on the scale of
- the width A may be for example between 1 and 20 microns, even between 1 and 10 microns, and B between 50 and 200 microns.
- the patterns delimited by the openings are of various shapes, typically three, four, five sides, for example mainly four sides, and / or of various sizes, distributed in such a way random, aperiodic.
- the angle between two adjacent sides of a mesh may be between 60 ° and 110 °, in particular between 80 ° and 100 °.
- a main network is obtained with openings (possibly approximately parallel) and a secondary network of openings (possibly approximately perpendicular to the parallel network), whose location and distance are random.
- the secondary openings have a width for example less than the main openings.
- the sizes of the strands A ' may preferably be between a few tens of microns to a few hundred nanometers.
- the ratio B '/ A' can be chosen between 7 and 20, or even 30 to 40.
- the characteristic dimensions of the grids of the prior art made by photolithography generally of regular and periodic shape (square, rectangular), constitute strand networks.
- This manufacturing technique of the prior art also has a resolution limit of the order of a few tens of microns, leaving the patterns aesthetically visible.
- the weaving of very fine threads also has defects, in particular the need for a relatively large diameter of threads (greater than 40 ⁇ m). And weaving can only produce periodic patterns.
- the network mask according to the invention therefore makes it possible to envisage at lower cost, grids (mother grid and / or surgrill) irregular, other shapes, of any size.
- the grid is thus random in at least one (grid) direction.
- the strand dimensions can be very small (a few ⁇ m) and relatively small strand thicknesses (with a minimum thickness of 500 nm for a good cohesion of the detached grid).
- the grids can have a low electrical resistance ( ⁇ 2 ohms) and a high light transmission (> 80%).
- the method uses a mask made from the drying of a colloidal solution, so the deposition surface of the mask is necessarily chemically stable with water or other solvents used and in case of hydrophilic aqueous solvent.
- this grid is detachable makes it possible to transfer it onto any substrate, for example a support that does not support one or many of the steps (chemical, thermal, etc.) for manufacturing the network mask and / or the grid (mother).
- the detachable grille can be for example self-supporting.
- the detachable grid is sufficiently weakly adherent to be detached from the underlying surface.
- ⁇ t be the tensile stress exerted on a strand of the grid to be detached to separate it from the underlying surface
- ⁇ res be the residual stress in general of compression in this strand of grid resulting from the technique of deposit.
- t be the thickness of the grid considered small in front of the width of the strand.
- ⁇ p iast be the threshold of plasticity of the electroconductive material of the grid to be detached.
- Gadh the energy of adhesion of the grid to be detached on the underlying surface.
- the adhesion is typically low enough so that the tensile stress in the grid is less than the plasticity threshold and the mechanical energy stored during the detachment is greater than that of the adhesion.
- Another satisfactory method to validate (electrically) a detached grid is to measure its square strength before and after detachment. It is then preferred that the difference between the square strength after detachment and before detachment is less than or equal to 10%. Non-destructive detachment is made possible by choosing a sufficient thickness of material to ensure the cohesion of the detached grid.
- the mother grid and the possible overgrill are detached.
- an electroconductive material is chosen to be a metallic material, for example silver and gold, deposited by physical vapor deposition, in particular by magnetron cathode sputtering or by evaporation. For example, at least 500 nm of silver can be deposited.
- the substrate in particular a glass
- a permanent (non-detachable) sub-layer promoting detachment such as a layer of fluoropolymer, in particular PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene, a carbon layer, in particular graphite, a boron nitride layer.
- This permanent underlay can be continuous (deposited before formation of the mask), or discontinuous, for example deposited after formation of the mask through the openings.
- a demolding sub-layer deposited after formation of the mask is preferred if its surface is hydrophobic and the solvent of the mask is aqueous.
- electrolysis is deposited a metal layer as overgrid material.
- the deposit is thus supplemented by an electrolytic recharge by using an electrode Ag, Cu, Gold, or other high conductivity metal usable.
- the substrate is not necessarily flat, for example curved (curved, on a roll or forming a roll).
- it is arranged for the two electrodes are constant distance.
- the thickness of the overgrid may preferably be greater than or equal to 1 ⁇ m, or even greater than or equal to 2 ⁇ m.
- electrolysis soluble anode method
- electrolysis soluble anode method
- This process effectively achieves an extremely low square resistance ( ⁇ 0.5 Ohm) while maintaining good transmission.
- the use of this additional step makes it possible to obtain an excellent material yield which is economically advantageous if precious metals are used, for example for the mother grid.
- This technique is also the only one that allows to deposit locally and with a high deposition rate a metal layer without resorting to a subsequent step of masking or etching.
- a peripheral grid (and / or central) mechanical reinforcement zone by deposit electroconductive material (s) grid on an adjacent surface and in contact with the net mask.
- this zone frames the grid (and its possible overgrowth).
- the peripheral mechanical reinforcement zone may be in the parent grid deposition material: the material is deposited simultaneously through the network mask and on the adjacent maskless zone.
- the masking layer Due to the nature of the masking layer, it is also possible to selectively remove a portion of the net mask without damaging it or damaging the underlying surface, by means of simple optical and / or mechanical means.
- the network mask material has a sufficiently low mechanical strength to be removed without damaging the underlying surface but remains strong enough to withstand the steps of the deposition process of the electroconductive gate material.
- Such removal of the mask network can be done:
- the mother grid made of a metallic material chosen from among gold, silver and / or copper, is deposited, possibly by physical vapor deposition (evaporation or magnetron sputtering), on a sub-surface.
- layer mono or multilayer promoter adhesion of the gate material, in particular NiCr, Ti, Al, Nb of single or mixed metal oxide, doped or not (ITO ).
- the mother grid made of a metallic material chosen from gold, silver and / or copper, is deposited, possibly by physical vapor deposition (evaporation or magnetron sputtering) on a suitable plastic (hydrophilic if necessary and on which the grid adheres well) such as a PET (treated for example by plasma to be hydrophilic, if necessary), a PMMA (treated for example by plasma to be hydrophilic if necessary), a polycarbonate (PC).
- a PET treated for example by plasma to be hydrophilic, if necessary
- PMMA treated for example by plasma to be hydrophilic if necessary
- PC polycarbonate
- the mother grid may also be made of a metallic material selected from Ti, Mo, W, Co, Nb, Ta (materials compatible with electroplating) and sufficiently adhering to the chosen substrate such that glass or a suitable plastic on which the grid adheres well (and hydrophilic if necessary) such as a PET (treated for example by plasma to be hydrophilic if necessary), a PMMA (treated for example by plasma to be hydrophilic if necessary), a polycarbonate (PC).
- a PET treated for example by plasma to be hydrophilic if necessary
- PMMA treated for example by plasma to be hydrophilic if necessary
- PC polycarbonate
- the metal master grid may be surface-treated with a so-called “mold release” layer, preferably with a thickness of less than or equal to 10 nm, optionally non-coalescing, in particular: an organosilane layer (a few thicknesses of molecules, less than 2 nm), in particular organofluorosilicon,
- a carbon layer in particular graphite, of a few nm
- a fluoropolymer layer a fluoropolymer layer, a Teflon layer (PTFE), a layer of boron nitride (hexagonal),
- the formation of the overgrid and the detachment of the overgrid alone can be carried out continuously, in particular: the mother grid is on a rotating part about a fixed axis (longitudinal axis), typically a roller, grid directly on the surface of the room or on a first film, particularly flexible, reported on the piece, the mother grid is partially immersed in an electrolysis bath for electroplating, - the output of the bath, the overgrid on the mother grid comes into contact with a second film, in particular flexible, on a rotating transfer counter of the surgrille alone.
- a fixed axis typically a roller
- the second film is a temporary transfer substrate, perforated or porous for washing the overgrid, the surgrill being transferred by contact without being glued to said temporary film.
- the overgrill is transferred to another, preferably flexible, film, which is preferably a laminating interlayer (PVB, EVA, silicone, etc.).
- Detachment of the mother grid and / or the surgrille can be performed manually (simple gripping) or by robot.
- the parent grid and / or the surgrille can be self-supporting, manipulated before being transferred.
- the detachment of at least said mother grid or at least the overgrid, said detachable part can be achieved by applying an adhesive polymer film, of lower tackiness to the underlying surface of the part to be detached and of higher tack than of the part to be detached, application by a conventional method such as calendering, for example, and then removed from the polymer film carrying the detached part.
- an intermediate polymer film for lamination is preferred, for example:
- the substrate receiving the mask or the transfer substrate may be flat, curved (curved ...), may be a roller.
- This substrate may be of large size, for example with an area greater than 0.02 m 2 or even 0.5 m 2 or 1 m 2 .
- the substrate receiving the mask may also be opaque, semi-transparent, for example a glass-ceramic, a metal plate, a plastic, etc.
- the transfer substrate may be substantially transparent, mineral or plastic such as polycarbonate (PC) or polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) or (PET), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyurethane (PU), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) etc.
- the substrate receiving the mask may comprise an underlayer
- the transfer substrate may comprise an underlayer (in particular as a base layer, the closest to the substrate), continuous (likely to be an alkali barrier).
- the basecoat is robust, easy and fast to deposit according to different techniques. It can be deposited, for example by a pyrolysis technique, especially in the chemical gas phase (a technique often referred to by the abbreviation of CV D, for "Chemical Vapor Deposition"). This technique is interesting for the invention because appropriate settings of the deposition parameters allow to obtain a very dense layer for a reinforced barrier.
- the primer may be optionally doped with aluminum and / boron to make its vacuum deposit more stable.
- the bottom layer (monolayer or multilayer, possibly doped) may be between 10 and 150 nm thick, more preferably between 15 and 50 nm.
- the bottom layer may preferably be:
- silicon nitride based on silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxycarbonitride, layer of general formula SiNOC, in particular SiN, in particular Si 3 N 4 .
- a bottom layer (essentially) of silicon nitride Si 3 N 4 / doped or non-doped may be particularly preferred. Silicon nitride is very fast to deposit and forms an excellent barrier to alkalis.
- the surface for the deposition of the masking layer is film-forming, especially preferably hydrophilic if the solvent is aqueous. This is the surface
- the substrate glass, plastic (PU, PC) optionally treated (for example by plasma) such as PET, PMM
- hydrophilic layer silicon layer, for example hydrophobic plastic, such as PET and PMMA
- alkali barrier layer / or alkali barrier layer
- adhesion promoting layer of the gate material if it is desired to maintain the mother gate, as already seen, and / or electroconductive layer (transparent), and / or decor layer, colored or opaque.
- the deposition of the gate material fills at the same time a fraction of the openings of the mask and also covers the surface of the mask;
- the deposition of the gate material is a deposition at atmospheric pressure, in particular by plasma, a vacuum deposition, by spraying cathodic, by evaporation.
- the methods of deposition of the metal layer can be of vacuum evaporation thermal type, optionally assisted plasma (technique developed by the Fraunhofer of Dresden): they have deposition rates higher than those obtained by magnetron.
- the drying causes a contraction of the masking layer and a friction of the nanoparticles at the surface inducing a tensile stress in the layer which, by relaxation, forms the openings.
- Drying leads in one step to the removal of the solvent and the formation of the openings. After drying, a stack of nanoparticles is thus obtained, in the form of clusters of variable size and separated by the openings themselves of variable size. Nanoparticles remain discernible even if they can aggregate. The nanoparticles are not melted to form a continuous layer. The drying is carried out at a temperature below the glass transition temperature for the creation of the network of openings. It has indeed been observed that above this glass transition temperature, a continuous layer was formed or at least no apertures running over the entire thickness. A weakly adhering layer is thus deposited on the substrate simply consisting of a stack of nanoparticles (hard), preferably spherical. These hard nanoparticles do not establish strong chemical bonds, neither with each other nor with the surface of the substrate. The cohesion of the layer is still ensured by weak forces, such as Van der Waals forces or electrostatic forces.
- the mask obtained can easily be removed using pure water, cold or warm, especially with an aqueous solvent, without the need for strongly basic solutions or potentially polluting organic compounds.
- the drying step (as preferably the deposition step) can be carried out (substantially) at a temperature below 50 ° C., preferably at room temperature. typically between 20 ° and 25 ° C.
- annealing is not necessary.
- the difference between the glass transition temperature Tg given the particles of the solution and the drying temperature is preferably greater than 10 0 C or even 20 0 C.
- the drying step of the masking layer can be implemented substantially at atmospheric pressure rather than vacuum drying for example.
- control parameter in particular the degree of humidity, the drying speed
- the drying parameters can be modified to adjust the distance between the openings B, the size of the openings A, and / or the ratio B / A.
- a solution (aqueous or non-aqueous) of colloids can be deposited by a usual liquid route technique.
- control parameters chosen from the coefficient of friction between the compacted colloids can be modified, in particular by Nanotexturation of the substrate and the surface of the substrate, the size of the nanoparticles, and the initial concentration of particles, the nature of the solvent, the thickness depending on the deposition technique, to adjust B, A, and / or the ratio B / A .
- concentration all things being equal
- the solution can be naturally stable, with already formed nanoparticles, and preferably does not contain (or in negligible amount) polymeric precursor type reactive element.
- the solvent is preferably water-based or even entirely aqueous.
- the colloid solution comprises polymeric nanoparticles (and preferably with a water-based or even entirely aqueous solvent).
- acrylic copolymers for example, acrylic copolymers, styrenes, polystyrenes, poly (meth) acrylates, polyesters or mixtures thereof are chosen.
- the masking layer (before drying) can thus consist essentially of a stack of colloidal nanoparticles
- the polymeric nanoparticles may preferably consist of a solid polymer and insoluble in water.
- essentially constituted is meant that the masking layer may optionally comprise other compounds, as traces, and which do not affect the properties of the mask (formation of the network, easy removal ).
- the aqueous colloidal solution is preferably composed of water and polymeric colloidal particles, therefore excluding any other chemical agent (such as, for example, pigments, binders, plasticizers, etc.).
- the aqueous dispersion colloidal is preferably the only compound used to form the mask.
- the net mask (after drying) can thus consist essentially of a stack of nanoparticles, preferably polymeric, discernible.
- the polymeric nanoparticles consist of a solid polymer and insoluble in water.
- the solution may comprise, alternatively or cumulatively, mineral nanoparticles, preferably silica, alumina, iron oxide.
- the removal of the mask is carried out by a liquid route, by an inert solvent for the grid, for example with water, acetone, alcohol (optionally hot and / or ultrasonically assisted).
- an inert solvent for the grid for example with water, acetone, alcohol (optionally hot and / or ultrasonically assisted).
- the opening network can be cleaned prior to the deposition of the grid material.
- the invention also relates to a detached grid, especially self-supporting, formed from the manufacturing process already defined above.
- the grid (mother grid only, mother grid and surgrille, surgrille alone) can be irregular, that is to say a network of two-dimensional and meshed strands, with meshes (closed patterns delimited by the strands), random, aperiodic.
- the grid (mother grid only, mother grid and overgrid, surgrille only) can have one and / or the following characteristics:
- the grid patterns are random (aperiodic), of various shape and / or size,
- - meshes are three and / or four and / or five sides, for example mostly four sides,
- the grid has an aperiodic (or random) structure in at least one direction, preferably in two directions, for the majority or all the meshes, in a given region or on the whole surface, the difference between the greatest characteristic dimension of mesh and the smallest characteristic dimension of mesh is less than 2, - for the majority or all the meshes the angle between two adjacent sides of a mesh may be between 60 ° and 110 °, in particular between 80 ° and 100 °,
- the difference between the maximum width of strands and the minimum width of strands is less than 4, or even less than or equal to 2, in a given region of the grid, or even on the majority or the whole surface, the difference between the dimension maximum mesh size (space between strands forming a mesh) and the minimum mesh size is less than 4, or even less than or equal to 2, in a given grid region, or even on the majority or even the entire surface, - for the most part, the edges of strands are of constant spacing, in particular substantially linear, parallel, at a scale of 10 ⁇ m (for example observed under an optical microscope with a magnification of 200).
- the grid (mother grid only, mother grid and overgrid, surgrill only) according to the invention may have isotropic electrical properties.
- the irregular grid according to the invention may not diffract a point light.
- the thickness of the strands may be substantially constant in the thickness, or be wider at the base.
- the grid single grid, mother grid and overgrid, single overgrid
- the grid can comprise a main network with strands (possibly approximately parallel) and a secondary network of strands (possibly approximately perpendicular to the parallel network), the electro-conductive grid (single mother grid , master grid and over-mesh, surgrill only) may have a square resistance of between 0.1 and 30 Ohm / square.
- the electroconductive grid according to the invention may have a resistance per square which is less than or equal to 5 Ohm / square, or even less than or equal to 1 Ohm / square, or even even 0.5 Ohm / square especially for a gate thickness greater than or equal to 1 micron, and preferably less than 10 microns or even less than or equal to 5 microns.
- the light transmission depends on the ratio B / A between the average distance between the strands B 'on the average width of the strands A'.
- the ratio B '/ A' is between 5 and even more preferably of the order of 10 to easily retain the transparency and facilitate manufacture, for example B 'and A' being respectively about 50 microns and 5 microns. .mu.m.
- an average width of strands A ' is chosen between
- 100 nm and 30 .mu.m preferably less than or equal to 10 .mu.m, or even 5 .mu.m to limit their visibility and greater than or equal to 1 .mu.m to facilitate manufacture and to easily maintain high conductivity and transparency.
- the thickness of the strands can be between 100 nm and 5 ⁇ m, especially micron, more preferably from 0.5 to 3 ⁇ m to easily maintain transparency and high conductivity.
- the grid (mother grid only, mother grid and overgrid, overgrid alone) according to the invention may be over a large area for example an area greater than or equal to 0.02 m 2 or even greater than or equal to 0.5 m 2 or at 1 m 2 .
- the transfer substrate can be substantially transparent, as already seen.
- the transfer substrate may have a glass function when it is substantially transparent, and whether it is based on minerals (a silicosodocalcic glass, for example) or is based on a plastic material (such as polycarbonate PC or polymethacrylate). methyl PMMA),
- the transfer substrate may be chosen preferably from quartz, silica, magnesium fluoride (MgF 2 ) or calcium fluoride (CaF 2 ), a borosilicate glass, a glass with less than 0.05 % Fe 2 O 3 .
- thicknesses of 3 mm As examples for thicknesses of 3 mm:
- magnesium or calcium fluorides transmit more than 80% or even 90% over the entire UV range, that is to say UVA (between 315 and 380 nm), UVB (between 280 and 315 nm), the UVC (between 200 and 280 nm), or the VUV (between about 10 and 200 nm),
- quartz and certain high-purity silicas transmit more than 80% or even 90% over the entire range of UVA, UVB and UVC,
- silicosodocalcic glasses with less than 0.05% Fe III or Fe 2 O 3 , in particular Saint-Gobain's Diamant glass, Pilkington's Optiwhite glass and Schott's B270 glass, which transmit more than 70% or even 80% % across the range of UVA.
- a silica-based glass such as Planilux glass sold by Saint-Gobain, has a transmission greater than 80% beyond 360 nm, which may be sufficient for certain embodiments and applications.
- the transfer substrate may also be chosen to be transparent in a given infrared range, for example between 1 ⁇ m and 5 ⁇ m. This is for example sapphire.
- the light transmission (overall) of the transfer substrate coated with the grid may be greater than or equal to 50%, even more preferably greater than or equal to 70%, in particular is included between 70% to 86%.
- the (overall) transmission in a given IR range, for example between 1 and 5 ⁇ m, of the transfer substrate coated with the attached grid may be greater than or equal to 50 %, even more preferably greater than or equal to 70%, in particular is between 70% to 86%.
- the targeted applications are for example heated windows with infrared vision system, especially for night vision.
- Transmission in a given UV range, from transfer substrate coated with the reported grid (mother grid only, mother grid and overgrid, overgrid alone) may be greater than or equal to 50%, even more preferably greater than or equal to 70%, in particular is between 70% to 86%.
- EVA, PU, PVB, silicone, etc. may incorporate the transfer substrate with the insert grid according to the invention.
- the grid according to the invention can be reported on a PC, a hydrophobic substrate, a PET or a PMMA (hydrophobic, not necessarily surface treated) a lamination interlayer
- This lamination interlayer makes it possible to simply obtain curved laminated heated glasses, for example by avoiding the difficulties of the development of bendable grids or those of the compatibility of these microgrits with the enamel (in face 2).
- This technology also makes it easy to integrate grilles into small areas of glazing.
- bus-bar connectors
- all known techniques are used for the woven grids: gluing, welding, clipping, etc.
- the grid according to the invention can be used in particular as the lower electrode (the closest to the substrate) for an organic electroluminescent device (OLED in English) including rear emission ("bottom emission” in English) or emission from the rear and front.
- OLED organic electroluminescent device
- it aims to use a grid as previously described as
- active layer in an electrochemical device, and / or electrically controllable and with variable optical and / or energy properties, for example a liquid crystal device or a photovoltaic device, or an organic or inorganic electroluminescent device ("TFEL" etc.), a particularly flat lamp, a possibly flat UV lamp, - heating grid of a heating device, for a vehicle ( breeze, rear window, porthole ..) or for appliance applications, radiator type, towel rail, refrigerated enclosure (domestic, professional), grid for defrosting action, anti-condensation, anti-fog, - shielding grid electromagnetic, to immunize a device (computer, display screen ...) - or any other device requiring a grid (possibly
- the "all solid” (the “all solid” are defined, within the meaning of the invention, for stacks of layers for which all the layers are of inorganic nature) or “all “(the” all polymers “are defined, within the meaning of the invention for stacks of layers for which all the layers are of organic nature), or alternatively mixed or hybrid electrochromes (the layers of the stack are of organic nature and of inorganic nature) or to liquid crystal or viologen systems.
- the discharge lamps include with phosphor (s) as active element.
- Planar lamps in particular comprise two glass substrates kept at a small distance from one another, generally less than a few millimeters, and hermetically sealed so as to enclose a gas under reduced pressure in which an electric discharge produces a radiation usually in the ultraviolet range that excites a phosphor then emitting visible light.
- the UV flat lamps can have the same structure, one naturally chooses for at least one of the walls a material transmitting UV (as already described).
- the UV radiation is directly produced by the plasma gas and / or by a suitable additional phosphor.
- UV flat lamps As examples of UV flat lamps, one can refer to the patents WO2006 / 090086, WO2007 / 042689, WO2007 / 023237 WO2008 / 023124 incorporated by reference.
- the discharge between the electrodes may be non-coplanar ("plane plane"), with anode and cathode respectively associated with the substrates, by one face or in the thickness, (both internal or external, the internal one and the other external, at least one in the substrate %) for example as described in WO2004 / 015739, WO2006 / 090086, WO2008 / 023124 incorporated by reference.
- the discharge between the electrodes can be coplanar (anode and cathode in the same plane, on the same substrate) as described in patent WO2007 / 023237 incorporated by reference.
- It may be another type of illuminating system, namely an inorganic electroluminescent device, the active element being an inorganic electroluminescent layer based on doped phosphorus, for example selected from: ZnS: Cu, Cl; ZnS: Cu, Al; ZnS: Cu, Cl, Mn, or CaS, SrS.
- This layer is preferably separated from the electrodes by insulating layers. Examples of such glazings are described in EP1 553 153 A (with the materials for example in Table 6).
- a liquid crystal glazing can be used as glazing with variable light diffusion. It is based on the use of a film placed between two conducting layers and based on a polymeric material in which droplets of liquid crystals, in particular nematic with positive dielectric anisotropy, are dispersed.
- the liquid crystals when the film is energized, are oriented along a preferred axis, which allows vision. Off, in the absence of alignment of crystals, the film becomes diffusing and prevents vision. Examples of such films are described in particular in European patents EP0238164 and US Pat. Nos. 3,443,504, 4,806,922 and 4,373,256. This type of film, once laminated and incorporated between two glass substrates, is marketed by SAINT-GOBAIN GLASS under the trade name Privalite.
- NCAP Nematic Curvilinearly Aligned Phases in Angalis
- PDLC Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal
- CLC Cholesteric Liquid Crystal
- cholesteric liquid crystal-based gels containing a small amount of crosslinked polymer such as those described in patent WO-92/19695.
- the invention also relates to the incorporation of grid as obtained from the development of the mask previously described in windows, operating in transmission.
- Glazing is to be understood in a broad sense and encompasses any essentially transparent, glass-function, glass and / or polymeric material (such as polycarbonate PC or polymethyl methacrylate PMMA).
- the carrier substrates and / or counter-substrates that is to say the substrates surrounding the active system, may be rigid, flexible or semi-flexible.
- the invention also relates to the various applications that can be found in these devices, glazing or mirrors: it may be to make glazing for building, including external glazing, internal partitions or glass doors. It can also be windows, roofs or internal partitions, means of transport such as trains, planes, cars, boats, construction equipment. It can also be display screens or display, such as projection screens, television or computer screens, touch screens, surfaces illuminating, heated windows.
- FIGS. 1 to 2d show examples of network masks used in the method according to the invention
- FIG. 3a is an SEM view illustrating the profile of the network mask
- FIG. 3b schematically represents a view from above of the network mask according to the invention with a free masking zone
- FIGS. 4 and 5 represent masks with different drying fronts
- FIG. 6 is a SEM photo of a silver mother grid with a copper overgrid
- FIG. 7 is a photograph of a mother grid in silver with a self-supporting copper overgrill, after detachment,
- FIG. 8 is a SEM view of a silver mother grid with a self-supporting copper overgrill
- FIG. 9 is a photograph of a mother grid and a surgrille self-supported together in a laminated glazing unit
- FIG. 10 schematically shows a method of forming an overgrid and transfer of the surgrill alone on a flexible film continuously.
- a substrate for example glass-covered, for example planar and mineral
- a technique of wet ways by "spin coating" a single emulsion of acrylic copolymer-based colloidal particles stabilized in water according to a mass concentration of 40%, a pH of 5.1, with a viscosity of 15 mPa.s.
- the colloidal particles have a characteristic dimension of 80 to 100 nm and are marketed under the company DSM under the trademark Neocryl XK 52® and have a Tg equal to 115 ° C.
- the layer incorporating the colloidal particles is then dried so as to evaporate the solvent and to form the openings. This drying can be carried out by any suitable method and at a temperature below Tg (hot air drying, etc.), for example at room temperature.
- the self-arranging system forms a network mask 1 comprising an array of openings 10 and mask areas. It describes patterns, examples of which are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 (views (400 ⁇ m ⁇ 500 ⁇ m)).
- a stable network mask 1 is obtained without resorting to an annealing with a structure characterized by the width (average) of opening, hereinafter referred to as A (in fact the size of the strand) and the (mean) space between the openings. This stabilized mask will subsequently be defined by the B / A ratio.
- the layer based on XK52 is this time deposited by flow coating, which gives a variation in thickness between the bottom and the top of the sample (from 10 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m) leading to a variation in mesh size. .
- This ratio B / A is also modified by adapting, for example, the coefficient of friction between the compacted colloids and the surface of the substrate, or the size of the nanoparticles, or even the rate of evaporation, or the initial concentration of particles, or the nature of the solvent, or the thickness depending on the deposition technique.
- the surface roughness of the substrate was finally modified by atmospheric plasma etching of the glass surface via a mask of Ag nodules. This roughness is of the order of magnitude of the size of the contact areas with the colloids which increases the coefficient of friction of these colloids with the substrate.
- the following table shows the effect of the change of coefficient of friction on the ratio B / A and the morphology of the mask. It appears that we obtain smaller mesh sizes with identical initial thickness and an increasing ratio B / A.
- the dimensional parameters of the network of openings obtained by spin coating of the same emulsion containing colloidal particles previously described are given below.
- the different rotational speeds of the "spin coating" apparatus modify the structure of the mask.
- a network mask 1 is obtained.
- Figure 3a is a partial transverse view of the mask 1 on the substrate 2 obtained by SEM.
- the profile of the openings 10 shown in FIG. 3a has a certain advantage for: - depositing a large thickness of material (x),
- the mask thus obtained can be used as modified or modified by different post treatments.
- the inventors have furthermore discovered that the use of a plasma source as a cleaning source for the organic particles located at the bottom of the opening subsequently makes it possible to improve the adhesion of the material used for the grid.
- a cleaning using a plasma source at atmospheric pressure, plasma blown based on a mixture of oxygen and helium allows both the improvement of the adhesion deposited material at the bottom of the openings and widening of the openings. It will be possible to use a plasma source of "ATOMFLOW" brand marketed by the company Surfx.
- a plasma source of "ATOMFLOW" brand marketed by the company Surfx In another embodiment, a single emulsion of colloidal particles based on acrylic copolymer stabilized in water is deposited in a mass concentration of 50%, a pH of 3, of viscosity equal to 200 mPa.s.
- the colloidal particles have a characteristic dimension of about 118 nm and are marketed by DSM under the trade name Neocryl XK 38® and have a Tg equal to 71 ° C.
- the resulting network is shown in Figure 2c.
- the gap between the openings is between 50 and 100 ⁇ m and the width range of the openings is between 3 and 10 ⁇ m.
- the B / A ratio is about 30, as shown in Figure 2d.
- silica colloids typically, it is possible to deposit, for example, between 15% and 50% of silica colloids in an organic solvent (in particular aqueous).
- the network mask can occupy the entire face of the substrate. Once the net mask has been obtained, it is possible to eliminate, for example, by blowing, one or more peripheral zones of the net mask, leaving the mask on an area 3, to create a free masking zone 4, as shown in FIG. 3b. This elimination can consist of:
- peripheral bands of the mask for example two rectangular lateral strips, parallel (or longitudinal),
- a so-called mother gate and a zone of mechanical reinforcement are produced in an electroconductive deposit.
- an electrically conductive material is deposited inside the network of openings so as to fill the openings, the filling being carried out at a maximum thickness of the order of 1/2 mask height.
- a layer of Ag having a thickness of 300 nm per magnetron is deposited.
- This deposition phase may be carried out for example by magnetron sputtering.
- a "lift off” operation is performed. This operation is facilitated by the fact that the cohesion of the colloids results from weak Van der Waals forces (no binder, or bonding resulting by annealing).
- the colloidal mask is then immersed in a solution containing water and acetone (the cleaning solution is chosen according to the nature of the colloidal particles) and then rinsed so as to remove all the parts coated with colloids.
- the cleaning solution is chosen according to the nature of the colloidal particles
- the strands have relatively smooth and parallel edges.
- the electrode incorporating the gate according to the invention has an electrical resistivity of between 0.1 and 30 Ohm / square and a TL of 70 to 86%, which makes its use as a transparent electrode perfectly satisfactory.
- the mother grid (or overgrid or mother grid and surgrille) has a total thickness between 100 nm and 5 microns.
- the electrode remains transparent, that is to say that it has a low light absorption in the visible even in the presence of the grid (its network is almost invisible given its dimensions).
- the grid has an aperiodic or random structure in at least one direction to avoid diffractive phenomena and induces a shadowing of 15 to 25% of the light.
- a grid with metal wires 700 nm wide spaced 10 microns gives a bare substrate of light transmission 92% a light transmission of 80%.
- Another advantage of this embodiment method is that it is possible to modulate the blur value in reflection of the grids.
- the fuzziness value is of the order of 4 to 5%.
- the blur value is less than 1%, with B '/ A' constant.
- a promoter-adhesion sub-layer of the parent grid material (surgrille alone to be detached).
- ITO, NiCr or Ti is deposited and as silver gate material.
- the glass covered with the silver grid constitutes the cathode of the experimental device; the anode consists of a copper plate. Its role in dissolving, to maintain constant throughout the deposition process concentration of Cu 2+ ions and thus the deposition rate.
- the temperature of the solution during the electrolysis is 23 ⁇ 2 ° C. .
- the deposition conditions are: voltage ⁇ . 1.5 V and current ⁇ . 1 A.
- the anode and the cathode are positioned parallel to obtain lines of perpendicular fields.
- the copper layers are homogeneous on the silver grids.
- the thickness of the deposit increases with the duration of the electrolysis and the current density as well as the morphology of the deposit. The results are reported in the table below.
- the SEM observations made on these grids show that the mesh size is 30 ⁇ m ⁇ 10 ⁇ m and the size of the strands is between 2 and 5 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 6 is a SEM view of a silver master grid with a copper overgrid 6 with copper strands 60.
- the low adhesion of the Ag to the glass, the good intrinsic mechanical strength of the copper grid, the good adhesion of the copper on the silver and the compression stress in the Cu + Ag layer make it possible to easily detach the microgrid from the substrate.
- Figure 8 is a SEM photo of the grid is 16L x 22L size (L being the average size of the mesh).
- K the number of broken strands in this picture, the broken strand rate is by definition:
- the self-supporting structure (grid 5 and surgrille 6) is then laminated with a polyurethane interlayer 2 'between two glasses 2 as shown in FIG. 9. It shows a strong light transmission (and a low blur), and a red residual color in reflection. characteristic of copper.
- the electrical properties of the laminated grids are comparable to those measured on the self-supporting structure before laminating. There are no degradations, significant micro-cuts.
- the structure includes current leads in the form of adhesive copper foil.
- FIG. 9 shows a part of the glazing 2, on the left without a grid and a part of the glazing 2, on the right, with the self-supporting structure (grid 5 and overgrid 6).
- ITO, NiCr or Ti is deposited and as money grid material.
- FIG. 10 schematically represents (out of scale) a method of forming an overgrid by means of a rotating roller 70 and of transferring the single overgrill continuously onto a flexible film.
- the mother grid 5 is deposited at the right place. size on a flexible film of PET 71.
- the PET is previously rendered hydrophilic by plasma treatment for the deposition of the aqueous solvent mask.
- the metallic layer of silver (or alternatively of copper) is preferably slightly oxidized on the surface (by plasma). This facilitates the grafting with a fluorinated silane (or alternatively the deposition of a silicone) and makes its surface "non-adherent": this demolding treatment (not shown) is permanent.
- the metal layer remains conductive and serves as an electrode.
- the film 71 is then fixed on the electrolysis roll 70, preferably dielectric, for example of polymer.
- the electrolysis is carried out: deposition of copper in the electrolysis bath 72 provided with a counter electrode 73 of constant distance from the mother grid 5.
- the thickness of the copper increases as the roll 70 rotates.
- the overgrid 6 is passed over a first transfer roller 80, preferably a conformable polymer, which supports a perforated film 81 or porous (flexible film scrolling or even wound) for example polymer, polyolefin type.
- the tackiness of the film 81 is adjusted so that the oversize is transferred by contact from the electrolysis roll 70 to the film 81; however, the overgrid 6 is not stuck on this film.
- the overgrid 6 is then washed (removal of traces of residual acid, salt, etc.) by means of a second perforated or porous roller 82, for example made of foam.
- the water passes through the foam and for example is recovered in the wash tank 82 '.
- the film perforated 81 and the overgrid 6 are then dried by means of compressed air nozzles 83 '.
- the overgrid 6 is then detached from its perforated film which runs on a roller 83 or which is wound on the receiving roller 83 (receiving reel).
- a flexible support such as a laminating interlayer 85 (EVA, silicone, PVB, ...) which receives the overgrid 6.
- EVA laminating interlayer 85
- the overgrid 6 is pressed onto the spacer 85 by means of a last roller 86 which can be heated for example between 30 and 60 ° C., exerting a pressure (for example between 3 and 20 Pa) to reinforce the adhesion of the overgrid 6.
- a last roller 86 which can be heated for example between 30 and 60 ° C., exerting a pressure (for example between 3 and 20 Pa) to reinforce the adhesion of the overgrid 6.
- the mother grid is deposited by evaporation for example on a silica roll.
- the invention can be applied to different types of electrochemical or electrically controllable systems in which the grid can be integrated as an active layer (as an electrode for example). It is particularly interested in electrochromic systems, liquid crystal or viologen systems, electroluminescent systems (OLED, TFEL ..), especially flat lamps, UV lamps.
- the metal grid thus produced can also constitute a heating element in a windshield, or an electromagnetic shield.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Toxicology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0856446A FR2936361B1 (fr) | 2008-09-25 | 2008-09-25 | Procede de fabrication d'une grille submillimetrique electroconductrice, grille submillimetrique electroconductrice |
| PCT/FR2009/051821 WO2010034949A1 (fr) | 2008-09-25 | 2009-09-25 | Procede de fabrication d'une grille submillimetrique electroconductrice, grille submillimetrique electroconductrice |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2327078A1 true EP2327078A1 (fr) | 2011-06-01 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09752412A Withdrawn EP2327078A1 (fr) | 2008-09-25 | 2009-09-25 | Procede de fabrication d'une grille submillimetrique electroconductrice, grille submillimetrique electroconductrice |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20110247859A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2327078A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2012503715A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20110061628A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN102160122B (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2936361B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2010034949A1 (fr) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20090129927A (ko) * | 2008-06-13 | 2009-12-17 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 발열체 및 이의 제조방법 |
| US10412788B2 (en) | 2008-06-13 | 2019-09-10 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Heating element and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN101983181B (zh) * | 2008-06-13 | 2015-10-14 | Lg化学株式会社 | 加热件及其制备方法 |
| PH12012501073A1 (en) * | 2009-12-04 | 2014-06-18 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co Ltd | Porous metal foil and production method therefor |
| WO2012063162A1 (fr) | 2010-11-09 | 2012-05-18 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Imagerie par résonance magnétique et appareil de radiothérapie doté d'au moins deux canaux d'émission et de réception |
| JP5636291B2 (ja) * | 2011-01-13 | 2014-12-03 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | 補強された多孔質金属箔およびその製造方法 |
| JP5466664B2 (ja) * | 2011-04-08 | 2014-04-09 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | 多孔質金属箔およびその製造方法 |
| JP5400826B2 (ja) * | 2011-04-08 | 2014-01-29 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | 複合金属箔およびその製造方法 |
| FR2997967B1 (fr) * | 2012-11-14 | 2014-12-12 | Saint Gobain | Fabrication d’un reseau metallique supporte |
| US8916038B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2014-12-23 | Gtat Corporation | Free-standing metallic article for semiconductors |
| US8936709B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2015-01-20 | Gtat Corporation | Adaptable free-standing metallic article for semiconductors |
| JP2015151580A (ja) * | 2014-02-14 | 2015-08-24 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | 多孔質金属箔及びその製造方法 |
| FR3027185B1 (fr) * | 2014-10-10 | 2021-04-30 | Saint Gobain | Vitrage chauffant et de blindage electromagnetique |
| US10690314B2 (en) | 2015-09-07 | 2020-06-23 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Lighting systems of tailgates with plastic glazing |
| WO2017042699A1 (fr) | 2015-09-07 | 2017-03-16 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Moulage d'un vitrage en matière plastique de hayons |
| EP3347219B1 (fr) | 2015-09-07 | 2021-04-14 | SABIC Global Technologies B.V. | Éléments aérodynamiques de vitrages plastiques de hayons arrière |
| WO2017042698A1 (fr) | 2015-09-07 | 2017-03-16 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Surfaces de vitrage en matière plastique de hayons arrière |
| KR102215029B1 (ko) | 2015-11-23 | 2021-02-15 | 사빅 글로벌 테크놀러지스 비.브이. | 플라스틱 글레이징을 갖는 윈도우를 위한 라이팅 시스템 |
| JP6293212B2 (ja) * | 2016-07-25 | 2018-03-14 | 藤森工業株式会社 | 赤外線透過型透明導電性積層体用の金属網目状導電体層積層体 |
| WO2019077604A1 (fr) * | 2017-10-16 | 2019-04-25 | Solarpaint Ltd. | Système de films à micro-motifs flexibles et son procédé de fabrication |
| CN108718518B (zh) * | 2018-05-21 | 2020-02-07 | 深圳昌茂粘胶新材料有限公司 | 一种电磁波屏蔽膜材料及其制备方法 |
| US11978815B2 (en) | 2018-12-27 | 2024-05-07 | Solarpaint Ltd. | Flexible photovoltaic cell, and methods and systems of producing it |
| CN110820023A (zh) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-02-21 | 苏州胜利精密制造科技股份有限公司 | 超精密微结构散热片的制备方法 |
| CN116603700B (zh) * | 2022-02-08 | 2024-11-26 | 成都拓米双都光电有限公司 | 一种支撑栅板的制备方法 |
| CN117476270B (zh) * | 2023-12-28 | 2024-02-27 | 四川大学 | 一种可精确调控非线性电导的环氧复合材料及其制备方法 |
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| DD206924A3 (de) * | 1981-10-01 | 1984-02-08 | Mikroelektronik Zt Forsch Tech | Verfahren zum herstellen einer freitragenden abstandsmaske |
| US4801947A (en) * | 1987-06-25 | 1989-01-31 | Burlington Industries, Inc. | Electrodeposition-produced orifice plate of amorphous metal |
| JP4273702B2 (ja) * | 2002-05-08 | 2009-06-03 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 導電膜の製造方法 |
| JP3988935B2 (ja) * | 2002-11-25 | 2007-10-10 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 網目状導電体及びその製造方法並びに用途 |
| KR100632510B1 (ko) * | 2004-04-30 | 2006-10-09 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 와이어 그리드 편광자 및 그 제조 방법 |
| FR2908229B1 (fr) * | 2006-11-03 | 2023-04-28 | Saint Gobain | Couche transparente a haute conductivite electrique avec grille metallique a tenue electrochimique optimisee adaptee pour subir un traitement thermique de type bombage, ou trempe |
| US20080246076A1 (en) * | 2007-01-03 | 2008-10-09 | Nanosys, Inc. | Methods for nanopatterning and production of nanostructures |
| FR2913972B1 (fr) * | 2007-03-21 | 2011-11-18 | Saint Gobain | Procede de fabrication d'un masque pour la realisation d'une grille |
| CN101945975A (zh) * | 2007-12-20 | 2011-01-12 | 西玛耐诺技术以色列有限公司 | 微结构化的材料及其制备方法 |
-
2008
- 2008-09-25 FR FR0856446A patent/FR2936361B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-09-25 KR KR20117009186A patent/KR20110061628A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2009-09-25 CN CN200980137263.4A patent/CN102160122B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-09-25 WO PCT/FR2009/051821 patent/WO2010034949A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2009-09-25 US US13/120,567 patent/US20110247859A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-09-25 EP EP09752412A patent/EP2327078A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-09-25 JP JP2011528402A patent/JP2012503715A/ja active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2010034949A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102160122B (zh) | 2014-05-07 |
| FR2936361A1 (fr) | 2010-03-26 |
| US20110247859A1 (en) | 2011-10-13 |
| KR20110061628A (ko) | 2011-06-09 |
| FR2936361B1 (fr) | 2011-04-01 |
| WO2010034949A1 (fr) | 2010-04-01 |
| JP2012503715A (ja) | 2012-02-09 |
| CN102160122A (zh) | 2011-08-17 |
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