EP2319989A2 - Procédé et appareil pour la formation de panneaux étanches à l'eau dans des fondations d'immeuble, des fondations spéciales, des murs parafouilles et des constructions similaires - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil pour la formation de panneaux étanches à l'eau dans des fondations d'immeuble, des fondations spéciales, des murs parafouilles et des constructions similaires Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2319989A2
EP2319989A2 EP10196734A EP10196734A EP2319989A2 EP 2319989 A2 EP2319989 A2 EP 2319989A2 EP 10196734 A EP10196734 A EP 10196734A EP 10196734 A EP10196734 A EP 10196734A EP 2319989 A2 EP2319989 A2 EP 2319989A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cavity
panels
expandable
inflatable members
expandable body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10196734A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Alberto Perencin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Otium & Business Srl
Original Assignee
Otium & Business Srl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Otium & Business Srl filed Critical Otium & Business Srl
Publication of EP2319989A2 publication Critical patent/EP2319989A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/18—Bulkheads or similar walls made solely of concrete in situ
    • E02D5/185—Bulkheads or similar walls made solely of concrete in situ with flexible joint members between sections
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/18—Bulkheads or similar walls made solely of concrete in situ
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/18—Bulkheads or similar walls made solely of concrete in situ
    • E02D5/182—Bulkheads or similar walls made solely of concrete in situ using formworks to separate sections

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for forming watertight panels in building foundations, special foundations, cutoff walls and similar constructions.
  • a method that is largely used and widely known in the art nowadays for forming panels of the above-noted kind consists in using suitable excavating means, such as excavating buckets or punctual ground borers depending on the characteristics of the ground to be dug through, to excavate a first sequence of cavities in the shape of substantially a parallelepiped, the cross-section of which substantially corresponds to the nominal size of the excavating tool or a multiple of such size; these cavities are arranged duly spaced from each other all along the project perimeter to be encircled with the foundations at a distance that is approximately equal to the width thereof as measured along the above-mentioned perimeter.
  • suitable excavating means such as excavating buckets or punctual ground borers depending on the characteristics of the ground to be dug through
  • a stabilization and temporary-filling material such as bentonite or bentonite slurry
  • bentonite or bentonite slurry is progressively introduced into the cavity being dug to stabilize and temporarily filling the same.
  • the process goes on by first fitting in the iron rods forming the metal reinforcement work in each thus obtained cavity, duly filled with bentonite, and then casting concrete thereinto until the bentonite is fully removed out of the cavity.
  • the process is continued by forming the so-called “secondary” panels which connect pairs of adjacent "primary” panels with each other, through the removal of material - again with the use of excavating buckets or special ground borers/drillers - in the portion of soil between a "primary” panel and the next one so as to dig out a cavity having a size and a shape that are substantially similar to those of the adjacent cavities; during excavation, also these cavities are filled with bentonite, reinforced with iron rods and eventually cast with concrete, in the same manner as described above in connection with the working steps followed in forming the "primary” panels, to the purpose of providing a continuous sequence of primary and secondary panels duly joined with each other and closing in this way the foundation perimeter.
  • a major drawback that is generally encountered in the above-described method lies in the fact that the excavation work for forming the secondary panels unavoidably involves removing a portion of the flanks of the concrete casting of the pre-existing primary panels, due to the irregular shape of said flanks mainly caused by soil particles included therein as such panels were being formed.
  • Such undesired removal can be most readily appreciated to entail an economically significant loss due to the wastage of concrete material incurred, further to impairing the qualitative integrity of the bentonite slurries in a way that is likely to prove prejudicial to the recovery of such slurries for further use.
  • the concrete particles that get mixed in the bentonite slurries cause the specific density and weight of these slurries to be increased, so that they tend to precipitate onto the bottom of the cavity, instead of remaining in a suspension therein. Owing to this, they will therefore no longer be able to be driven out of the cavity by the sole pushing effect of the concrete being cast thereinto. Rather, the need will arise for them to be mechanically removed from the cavity with the use of appropriate material removing equipment and machinery, which again entails a further increase in both production costs and time requirements.
  • a further major drawback derives from the serious and - unfortunately - not uncommon possibility that, as the excavation work for forming the cavity for the secondary panel is being performed, the metal reinforcement of the adjacent primary panels previously formed is accidentally intercepted, thereby damaging the excavating means and tools and/or the same metal reinforcement of the panels; as it can be most readily appreciated, a panel having a damaged metal reinforcement is quite likely to prove detrimental not only to the actual strength of such panels in terms of adequately withstanding the dynamic and static stresses acting upon the foundation, but also to the water-tightness of the joints between the same panels.
  • Still another drawback that is encountered with the afore-described method may derive from a possible misalignment of the excavation means relative to the primary panels, in particular when use is made of a ground borer or driller; in this way it may for instance quite easily occur that, as it moves down towards the bottom of the cavity to be formed, the borer removes increasingly larger portions of the flanks of a primary panel, while on the other hand leaving portions of soil, which should on the contrary be removed, in correspondence to the other primary panel on the opposite side.
  • the economic damage and the loss of time incurred for restoring and plugging up the construction are most readily appreciable.
  • Another prior-art method consists in making the primary panels with the same method as described above, and then applying sheets of a metal material, commonly referred to as "sheet piles" in the art, to the flanks of the cavity being excavated, wherein these sheet piles are plunged into the bentonite prior to the concrete being cast into the cavity. Then, when the process is completed, the sheet piles are removed therefrom with the aid of special tools involving considerably high handling and operating costs, entailing an overall increase in the costs as well as delays in the building construction work.
  • a further purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus of the above-noted kind, which are effective in doing totally away with or at least drastically reducing both the undesired removal of concrete from the flanks of the primary panels during the excavation of the soil for forming the secondary panels, and the serious risk to accidentally damage the strength-ensuring parts of the panels, such as the metal reinforcement.
  • Yet another purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus of the above-noted kind, which are effective in ensuring full and optimum water-tightness of the panels to effectively prevent water from seeping through the foundations in a long-term reliable manner.
  • a further, equally important purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for forming watertight panels, which are economically competitive as compared with existing methods and equipment.
  • the aims, purposes ad advantages set forth above, along with further ones that will become apparent from the following disclosure, are achieved by a method for forming watertight panels in building foundations, special foundations, cutoff walls and similar constructions, as defined in the appended claim 1, as well as in an apparatus for carrying out such method as defined in the appended claim 8.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrated in Figures 1 to 5 there are the steps included in the method for forming watertight foundation panels according to the present invention.
  • appropriate excavation means 1 remove the soil material 2 from the soil being excavated, thereby forming a cavity 3 having a substantially parallelepipedal shape; the excavation means 1 may be comprised of a special ground borer 1 or an excavating bucket, depending on the characteristics and the size of the cavity to be excavated, as well as on the nature of the soil material 2 to be removed.
  • sacrificial stringpieces also referred to as horizontal stiffeners in the art, aimed at facilitating the formation of the cavity, although not shown in the Figures as they being widely and commonly known to all those skilled in the art.
  • a material 4 aimed at stabilizing and temporarily filling the excavated portion is progressively poured into the same cavity 3 in order to prevent soil material 2 from possibly sliding down or coming off inside the cavity 3 as the latter is being excavated, since such occurrences would clearly prove prejudicial to the possibility for the excavation to be correctly carried out and completed;
  • stabilization and temporary-filling material 4 may be constituted by an inert material having a certain density, such as bentonite or a bentonite slurry.
  • FIG. 2 Schematically illustrated in Figure 2 is the cavity 3 as completed and filled with stabilization material 4.
  • one or more expandable apparatuses 5 for forming the so-called primary panels are introduced in the cavity 3 filled with stabilization material 3, along with the possibly provided metal members forming the reinforcement work 6.
  • the metal members forming the reinforcement work 6, where provided, are generally fitted in the central region of the cavity 3, whereas the expandable apparatuses 5 for forming the panels are preferably placed against one or more walls of the same cavity 3 so as to delimitate such walls as concrete is cast into the cavity in a following step.
  • Each such expandable apparatus 5 comprises an expandable body 7, such as an inflatable air chamber or a similar variable-volume envelope of a floppy or elastically deformable material; this body 7 is furthermore removably provided with watertight coupling means, such as a sealing member 8 associated in correspondence to a seat 9 protruding relative to the surface of the body 7, as schematically illustrated in Figures 15 and 20 ; further features of the apparatus 5 shall anyway be described in greater detail further on.
  • the increase in volume of the expandable body 7 of the apparatus 5 is preferably carried out once the latter has been fitted into the cavity 3 duly filled with stabilization material 4, as shown in Figure 3 .
  • a casting of concrete 10 is done into the cavity 3, such concrete causing the stabilization material 4 to be removed from the same cavity.
  • the thus cast concrete 10 will in this way form the so-called "primary" panel 11, which is delimited on at least a flank, and preferably along two mutually opposite flanks, by the expandable apparatus 5, or expandable apparatuses 5, as the case may be, in the expanded state thereof, as shown in Figure 4 .
  • the cast concrete 10 also incorporates the sealing member 8 provided on each such expandable apparatus 5, which therefore is eventually integrated in the corresponding panel 11 upon conclusion of the concrete setting process, as shown in Figures 10 and 11 .
  • the concave shape of the sealing member 8 forms in this way a watertight coupling means between the primary panels 11 and the secondary panels that will subsequently be formed therebetween, further to acting as a guide for the excavation means 1, as this shall be described in greater detail further on.
  • the expandable apparatuses 5 are removed from the cavity 3 by appropriately reducing the volume of the expandable body 7, such as for instance through the deflation of the air chamber or through the retraction of the envelope forming the body 7, whereas the sealing member 8 remains incorporated in the panel 11.
  • the removal of each such expandable apparatus 5 causes a hollow space 12 to be created between a flank of the panel 11 and the corresponding wall of the cavity 3.
  • a stabilization and temporary-filling material 4 is progressively filled into the cavity 3A during the excavation step performed to obtain said cavity 3A so as to prevent the soil material 2 from possibly subsiding and collapsing.
  • the resulting cavity 3A will therefore turn out as being full of such stabilization material 4, such as bentonite or bentonite slurry, as schematically illustrated in Figures 8 and 9 .
  • the apparatus 5 for forming watertight foundation panels comprises an expandable body 7, such as an inflatable air chamber or a similar variable-volume envelope of a floppy or elastically deformable material, preferably shaped as a parallelepiped having a rectangular cross-section thereof; the expandable body 7 is further removably provided with watertight coupling means, such as a sealing member 8 associated to a seat 9 protruding relative to the surface of the body 7, as schematically illustrated in Figures 15 and 20 ; such seat 9 extends axially along one of the widest faces of the expandable body 7, preferably between the top edge and the bottom edge of the same body 7, wherein it protrudes from the latter with a substantially semi-cylindrical portion.
  • an expandable body 7 such as an inflatable air chamber or a similar variable-volume envelope of a floppy or elastically deformable material, preferably shaped as a parallelepiped having a rectangular cross-section thereof;
  • the expandable body 7 is further removably provided with watertight
  • the seat 9 comprises - in the central region thereof - retaining means, which may for example formed by a recess or slot 14, adapted to be engaged by corresponding engagement means provided on the sealing member 8 to removably connect the latter to the body 7, as illustrated in Figures 20 and 21 .
  • the sealing member 8 comprises a connecting means 15, which is advantageously formed by a main body 15 shaped as a sector of a circular ring so as to be able to couple with the seat 9 by resting thereagainst. At the top of the arch there extends - perpendicularly to the main body 15 - a gripping or attachment member comprising a rectilinear portion 16 terminating with an enlarged portion 17 preferably having a substantially circular cross-section; this gripping or attachment member remains incorporated in the cast concrete 10 (see Figure 11 ), thereby firmly joining the sealing member 8 to the panel 11 and making it integral therewith.
  • interconnection members 19 Inside the body 7 there is fitted a metal pipe 18, from which there extends a plurality of interconnection members 19 between the same metal pipe 18 and the inner walls 20 of the body 7.
  • the purpose of the metal pipe 18 is to enable the expandable body 7 to achieve the expanded condition and the retracted condition: in the first case air is blown into the metal tube 18 to inflate the air bag or envelope making up the same body 7, while in the second case air is released by removing a plug or opening suitable valves provided in the metal pipe 18.
  • the latter has also the task of facilitating the removal, or "dismantling" as this is often called in the technical jargon, of the apparatus 5 from the cavity 3: as schematically shown in Figures 22 to 25 , after completing the deflating operation to bring the body 7 into the retracted state thereof, or concurrently with such operation, the metal pipe 18 is caused to rotate about its axis to thereby cause the interconnection members 19 to wind round the same metal pipe 18. This facilitates detaching the body 7 from the panel 11 and from the sealing member 8, which remains incorporated in the same panel 11, as well as from the surrounding soil 2.
  • the expandable apparatus 5 may comprise two or more modular elements 5A, 5B, 5C adapted to be appropriately connected operatively with each other, in order to make the transportation, handling and setting up at the building yard of the apparatus more convenient, in particular when significantly deep foundations have to be built.
  • Figures 26 to 33 disclose a second embodiment of an expandable apparatus 105 for the formation of watertight panels according to the present invention
  • the expandable apparatus 105 comprises an expandable body 107 formed by an outer envelope 123, preferably made of a floppy or elastically deformable material, which contains a plurality of first inflatable members 124 and second inflatable members 125, preferably having a tubular shape and made of an elastically deformable material such as, for instance, an elastomer.
  • the first inflatable members 124 are advantageously arranged inside the outer envelope 123 so as to form one or more tube bundles, while the second inflatable members 125 are arranged outwardly and at opposite sides in respect to the tube bundles formed by the first inflatable members 124 so as to form a supporting surface for the outer envelope 123.
  • At least a sealing member 108 is removably associable to the expandable body 107; the sealing member 108 is mountable in a seat 109 protruding in respect to the outer surface of the expandable body 107, as schematically represented in Figs. 28 and 29 , respectively showing the condition preceding the mounting and the condition wherein mounting of the sealing member 108 into the seat 109 is completed.
  • the seat 109 extends axially along one of the widest faces of the expandable body 107, preferably between the top edge and the bottom edge of the same body 107; the seat 109 can be made in one piece, or integrally, with the outer envelope 123 or it can be connectable to the same envelope through a process involving a physical and chemical joining such as, for instance, heat-sealing or welding.
  • the seat 109 includes a pair of opposing walls 126, preferably elastically deformable, protruding from the outer envelope 123 with an arched profile; the opposing walls 126 form, at the top region, appropriate retaining means 114, constituted for instance by a recess perpendicularly arranged in respect to the expandable body 107, which are adapted to removably retain the sealing member 108 by means of corresponding connecting means 115, constituted by a first rectilinear portion engageable with the retaining means 114.
  • the sealing member 108 further includes a gripping member comprising a second rectilinear portion 116, arranged at an opposite side in respect to the first rectilinear portion 115, and an enlarged portion 117, preferably having a substantially circular cross-section, arranged between the first rectilinear portion 115 and the second rectilinear portion 116.
  • the sealing member 108 When mounted in the seat 109, the sealing member 108 extends perpendicularly to the expandable body 107; keeping in mind the method for forming the panels described hereinabove, when the apparatus 105 is removed from the cavity, the gripping member 116, 117 remains embedded in the panel formed by the concrete casting, thus rendering the sealing member 108 integral with the respective panel along a direction oriented parallel to the longitudinal extension of the same panel, that is transversely to the joint between two adjacent panels; in such a way the watertight seal of the joint so obtained is considerably enhanced.
  • a metal pipe 118 is arranged inside the expandable body 107; an interconnection member 119, preferably made as a flexible strap or band, is connected to the metal pipe 118.
  • the interconnection member 119 at least partially surrounds the metal pipe 118, the first inflatable members 124 and the second inflatable members 125.
  • the purpose of the metal pipe 118 is to enable the expandable body 107 to achieve the expanded condition, when it is introduced inside the cavity, and the retracted condition, when the apparatus 105 has to be removed from the cavity after the concrete casting to form the primary panels has been completed.
  • the first and the second inflatable members 124, 125 are inflated by flowing air in the pipe 118, thus expanding the expandable body 107, while the removal of a plug or opening suitable valves provided in the metal pipe 118 enables air to be released thus bringing the expandable body 107 in the retracted condition.
  • the metal pipe 118 cooperating with the interconnection member 119, has also the task of facilitating the removal, or "dismantling" as this is often called in the technical jargon, of the apparatus 105 from the cavity.
  • a rotational motion imposed to the metal pipe 118 about its axis causes the interconnection member 119 to wind around the same metal pipe 118, and therefore the retraction of the first and second inflatable members 124, 125 as a consequence of the compression applied on said inflatable members 124, 125 caused by the reduction in length of the interconnection member 119.
  • This facilitates detaching the body 107 from the panel and from the sealing member 108 embedded in the panel.
  • adjusting members 127 transversely arranged inside the expandable body 107 by passing through respective guide channels 128 arranged between two adjacent first inflatable members 124 and communicating with the outside of the outer envelope 123.
  • the use of such adjusting members 127 is as follows: in the case when the width of the cavity to be formed is lower than the width of the apparatus 105, the adjusting members 127 are caused to pass through the respective guide channels 128 and around the second inflatable members 125, such that the second inflatable members are enclosed and tightened by the adjusting members 127 in the fully retracted position, as schematically shown in Figs. 31 and 32 .
  • the air introduced inside the pipe 118 expands only the first inflatable members 124 and no one of the second inflatable members 125, or only the second inflatable members 125 located at one side of the first inflatable members 124, depending upon the width to be achieved in respect of the cavity.
  • Fig. 33 shows a further embodiment of an apparatus 205 according to the present invention, which comprises one or more expandable bodies 207A, 207B, 207C of the kind described hereinabove; the one or more expandable bodies 207A, 207B, 207C are adapted to be mutually interconnected in a modular manner, in order to make the transportation, handling and setting up at the building yard of the apparatus more convenient, in particular when significantly deep foundations have to be built.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
EP10196734A 2008-06-13 2009-06-12 Procédé et appareil pour la formation de panneaux étanches à l'eau dans des fondations d'immeuble, des fondations spéciales, des murs parafouilles et des constructions similaires Withdrawn EP2319989A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITPN20080047 ITPN20080047A1 (it) 2008-06-13 2008-06-13 "procedimento e dispositivo per la formazione di pannelli a tenuta idraulica in fondazioni edili, fondazioni speciali, diaframmi e costruzioni similari"
EP09761789 2009-06-12

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09761789.8 Division 2009-06-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2319989A2 true EP2319989A2 (fr) 2011-05-11

Family

ID=40301994

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10196734A Withdrawn EP2319989A2 (fr) 2008-06-13 2009-06-12 Procédé et appareil pour la formation de panneaux étanches à l'eau dans des fondations d'immeuble, des fondations spéciales, des murs parafouilles et des constructions similaires

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2319989A2 (fr)
IT (1) ITPN20080047A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009150227A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102207399B1 (ko) * 2020-07-24 2021-01-26 엘티삼보 주식회사 지중연속벽 형성을 위한 워터스탑 시공시 이용되는 지수블록 구조체 및 이를 연결하는 방법

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112554217A (zh) * 2020-11-24 2021-03-26 浙江河海建设有限公司 混凝土防渗墙施工方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2497249A1 (fr) * 1980-12-30 1982-07-02 Soletanche Procede de realisation de panneaux de paroi moulee et paroi moulee ainsi obtenue
IL66073A (en) * 1982-06-16 1986-04-29 Lipsker & Co.,Engineering Services (1975) Ltd. Earth drilling devices and method
FR2648848B1 (fr) * 1989-06-23 1995-04-28 Buchenaud Joel Joint pneumatique entre panneaux de parois moulees
NL9201345A (nl) * 1992-07-24 1994-02-16 Verstraeten Beheersmij Bv Werkwijze voor het aanbrengen van diepe scheidingswanden in de bodem, alsmede een graafinrichting voor toepassing bij deze werkwijze.
JP2001288740A (ja) * 2000-04-04 2001-10-19 Taisei Corp 連続地中壁施工に用いる仕切り体
JP4525228B2 (ja) * 2004-07-30 2010-08-18 株式会社大林組 掘削装置、壁杭施工方法、および壁杭

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
None

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102207399B1 (ko) * 2020-07-24 2021-01-26 엘티삼보 주식회사 지중연속벽 형성을 위한 워터스탑 시공시 이용되는 지수블록 구조체 및 이를 연결하는 방법

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ITPN20080047A1 (it) 2009-12-14
WO2009150227A1 (fr) 2009-12-17

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