EP2307874A2 - Optischer partikeldetektor sowie detektionsverfahren - Google Patents
Optischer partikeldetektor sowie detektionsverfahrenInfo
- Publication number
- EP2307874A2 EP2307874A2 EP09780949A EP09780949A EP2307874A2 EP 2307874 A2 EP2307874 A2 EP 2307874A2 EP 09780949 A EP09780949 A EP 09780949A EP 09780949 A EP09780949 A EP 09780949A EP 2307874 A2 EP2307874 A2 EP 2307874A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- particle
- particles
- light
- collecting
- separating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
- G01N15/1429—Signal processing
- G01N15/1433—Signal processing using image recognition
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0039—Inorganic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0053—Inorganic membrane manufacture by inducing porosity into non porous precursor membranes
- B01D67/006—Inorganic membrane manufacture by inducing porosity into non porous precursor membranes by elimination of segments of the precursor, e.g. nucleation-track membranes, lithography or laser methods
- B01D67/0062—Inorganic membrane manufacture by inducing porosity into non porous precursor membranes by elimination of segments of the precursor, e.g. nucleation-track membranes, lithography or laser methods by micromachining techniques, e.g. using masking and etching steps, photolithography
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/02—Inorganic material
- B01D71/021—Carbon
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
- G01N35/0098—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor involving analyte bound to insoluble magnetic carrier, e.g. using magnetic separation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
- G01N1/2214—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling by sorption
- G01N2001/2217—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling by sorption using a liquid
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a particle detection device for optically detecting a number of particles arranged on a surface, in particular a particle filter.
- the invention further relates to a particle detection method for the optical determination of a number of particles arranged on a surface, in particular of a particle filter.
- the particle detector device is intended to be used to quantify the loading of fluids with certain particles, in particular microbiological particles, for example with bacteria.
- the fluid to be analyzed is to be pressed through a particle filter in which the particles are mechanically held.
- marking substances which cause the particles to be analyzed to be optically distinguishable from the particle filter and from other particles.
- the invention is based on the object to propose a particle detection device of the type mentioned, which is easier to handle than known particle detection devices and their accuracy is increased. Furthermore, a particle detection method of the type mentioned should be developed so that its accuracy is increased.
- a particle detector device of the type mentioned above which is provided with a spatially resolving light detector, a light source, an optical focusing device and an evaluation device and in which the spatially resolving light detector has light sensors which measure brightness values, the light detector generating digital image data is formed from the brightness values supplied by the light sensors.
- the particle detector device has the advantage that individual particles can be imaged by a spatially resolving light detector. Thus, it is possible to count the actual number of particles from the digital image data. Influences of size and brightness of the particles are neutralized.
- the light sensors can be embodied as an integrated circuit-in particular on one or more chips-and / or as CCD 1 as CMOS or as diode arrays. These types of light sensors can be read quickly and still provide a good brightness resolution.
- the light source may include an LED providing a low cost and reliable light source.
- the light source may advantageously have a laser. This makes it possible to stimulate a precisely defined reaction of the particles to be analyzed with monochromatic light.
- the light source or the focusing device on an optical filter With such a filter influences of ambient light or even reflections on the filter can be attenuated in a simple manner.
- a particle detector device for exchanging the optical filter is provided. This makes it possible to view the particles to be analyzed in different color spaces and / or with light of different polarization and wavelength and thus to further improve the accuracy of the detection.
- the light source can advantageously be arranged to be movable. This makes it possible to obtain information about their topology by different irradiation of the particles. Also, portions of the surface on which the particles to be detected are located could be sequentially scanned with a beam of the light source so as to obtain a scan of the surface.
- Several light sensor units can be arranged in a grid, wherein a beam splitter for splitting the image of the surface is provided on the light sensor units and the evaluation is designed to create an overall image of the image data of the light sensor units. This initially has the advantage that larger surfaces can be observed.
- the light sensor units used are generally more complicated with increasing size, more expensive to handle and less available.
- the particle detection device may include a positioning device to which at least one of the light sensor units is mounted for positioning relative to the surface. This makes it possible to further reduce the cost of the light sensor units. Thus, a large area can be scanned with a relatively small, easy-to-use light sensor unit.
- a deflection device When using a CCD line as a light sensor, a deflection device may be provided which images different sections of the surface onto the CCD lines. This allows a very simple, yet reliable construction.
- the surface with the particles is illuminated with the light source, preferably by means of a particle detector device according to the invention, and an image of the surface is taken by the detector device.
- the image data are transmitted to the evaluation device. Finally the particles counted and evaluated on the basis of the image data by the evaluation.
- the particle detection method according to the invention allows the count of the actual number of particles. This improves the accuracy of the measurement over the measurement of a summary signal because the result is independent of the size of the individual particles and their possibly different ability to pick up the markers.
- a reference image of the surface can be taken without particles.
- these particle detection methods e.g. Check the cleaning condition on the particle filter.
- multiple images of the surface are recorded and changed between the images, the position of the light source.
- the particles are irradiated from different directions and, for example, hidden particles can be detected. Furthermore, it is thereby possible to obtain information about the size of the recorded particles.
- the surface for the detection of fluorescent particles is first irradiated by a light pulse of the light source and after decay of the light pulse, an image of the surface with the particles taken.
- the fluorescent particles can be seen with a clearer contrast than during the irradiation with light.
- the evaluation device advantageously evaluates the images together and calculates therefrom a particle number.
- the information of all images can be used to increase the accuracy.
- the particle detection device is particularly suitable as a detection unit in an (analysis) device and an (analysis) method for the detection of particles in a particle-fluid mixture that are fully automatic operable or universally applicable and in a compact and simple design , preferably mobile system can be implemented.
- microorganisms e.g., bacteria, protozoa, fungi, viruses
- biological particles e.g., spores
- the enrichment, extraction and detection can be carried out both from gases, in particular the air, as well as from liquids.
- an enrichment, extraction and detection of non-biological or synthetic materials is possible, in particular explosives, liquid explosives and drugs.
- paramagnetic beads in particular the use of paramagnetic beads (so-called beads) in connection with a collecting device, in particular an airsampler.
- the beads are coated with antibodies, which in turn can bind molecules or particles of biological or non-biological origin.
- the extreme concentration and immobilization of the thus loaded beads is achieved.
- a fully automatic extraction and detection of the bound molecules or particles following the concentration is proposed.
- the high concentration allows a highly sensitive detection of the analytes.
- the particle detection device according to the invention is particularly suitable.
- the particle detection device is particularly suitable for detecting the number of particles on a particulate filter.
- a mechanical particle filter is preferably provided with a membrane having a plurality of pores.
- Such particulate filters are used to filter particles, such as bacteria, from a fluid.
- the filtered particles can be analyzed to determine the load of the fluid with certain particles.
- the particle detection device is preferably used universally for the measurement of particles in different fluid-particle mixtures. It is also advantageous if the particle filter is exchangeable, transportable and reusable in an automated system. Therefore, the use of a particular mechanical particle filter is preferred, which has a high mechanical and chemical stability. Therefore, in a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, a particle filter is provided in which at least one portion of a surface of the membrane which is accessible for a medium to be filtered is made of a carbon material with a diamond structure and / or coated.
- Such a particle filter has the advantage that the carbon material with diamond structure is chemically almost completely inert. This makes it easy to accomplish a simple cleaning, that is to say a removal of the particles enriched by the filter, since the particles hardly make firm connections with the membrane. Furthermore, a carbon material with diamond structure is mechanically very stable, so that when using the filter, a high differential pressure between both sides of the membrane can be used. This increases the flow rate through the filter.
- the membrane can be made entirely of the carbon material. Because the carbon material is transparent due to its diamond structure, a membrane constructed in this way makes it easy to detect residual contamination after cleaning or structural defects in the membrane simply by illuminating the membrane.
- the membrane can be made entirely of diamond.
- the membrane is supported by a carrier to which it is attached.
- the carrier can be formed from a material that can be structured by lithography. This makes it possible to use the frame material during the production of the membrane as a support and then gently remove it from the porous region of the membrane.
- the material of the carrier has, in an advantageous embodiment, a crystal structure which predetermines the direction of an anisotropic etching process. In such a material, the shape of the carrier can be reliably determined.
- the carrier may be formed of silicon. Silicon has the advantage that it is available inexpensively, lithographable in industrially known processes and mechanically stable.
- the silicon has a (1 10) orientation.
- this orientation almost completely planar side walls of the carrier, which are perpendicular to the surface of the membrane, are achieved during etching after lithography.
- FIG. 1 shows an overall construction of a particle detection apparatus for measuring a particle number
- Fig. 2 is a detail view of the structure of Fig. 1; 3 shows a detailed view with an example of an optical focusing device;
- Fig. 4 is a view as in Fig. 2 with various arrangements of light sources
- FIG. 5 shows a plan view of an exemplary embodiment of a particle filter used in the particle detection apparatus of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 6 shows a cross section through the particle filter along the line H-II in FIG. 5;
- FIG. 7 shows a cross section through the particle filter as in FIG. 6 in a production step for the particle filter
- FIG. 8 shows a section through a further embodiment of the particle filter as in FIG. 6 with an alternative orientation of the grid structure of a carrier;
- FIG. 9 shows a section as in FIG. 6 through a diamond-coated particle filter
- Fig. 1 1 is a plan view of the overall system
- a particle detector device 210 shown in FIG. 1 for measuring a number of particles has as filter element 212 a microfilter or particle filter 214.
- the particulate filter 214 has pores of a diameter in which particles 222 to be counted stick to the particulate filter 214.
- a holding device 216 is provided to fix tion and / or positioning of the particulate filter 214.
- a two-dimensionally spatially resolving light detector 218 is disposed opposite to the particulate filter 214 so that the light detector 218 can detect a surface 220 of the particulate filter 214 with the particulates 222 disposed thereon.
- the light detector 218 converts the captured image of the surface 220 into digital image data and transmits it via a communication device 224 to an evaluation device 226.
- the light detector 218 shown in FIG. 2 has light sensors 228, here in the form of a CCD array 230.
- an optical focusing device 232 is provided for imaging the image of the surface 220 of the particulate filter 214.
- the particle detector device 210 includes a light source 234.
- a glass ceiling 236 separates the particulate filter 214 from the light detector 218.
- FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of the focusing device 232.
- the optical focusing device 232 has a first lens system 238, a second lens system 240, and a third lens system 242.
- the lens systems 238, 240, 242 each have at least one lens or an array of multiple lenses.
- light from the light source 234 is passed through the third lens system 242 and through a first optical filter 244.
- the light then strikes a beam splitter 248, which deflects a portion of the light toward the surface 220, thereby illuminating the surface 220.
- the light reflected or fluoresced by the surface 220 and / or the particles 222 passes through the second lens system 240 and the beam splitter 248 to a second optical filter 246 and is focused onto the CCD array 230 via the first lens system 238.
- the lens systems 238, 240, 242 may be movably arranged to make adjustments.
- optical filters 244, 246 are automatically interchangeable.
- color filters and / or polarizing filters are provided interchangeably.
- automated recordings in different color spectrums or with different polarizations can be created.
- the light source 234 can also be designed to illuminate the surface directly at different positions 234a, 234b, 234c at different angles.
- the light source 234 is mounted positionable for this purpose.
- multiple light sources e.g. one light source per position as shown at 234a, 234b and 234c.
- the particle detection device 210 is intended to detect particles 222, for example molecules, macromolecules or microorganisms, on or in the vicinity of a surface 220.
- the sample to be analyzed can be pumped through a filter element 212, in particular a micromechanical particle filter 214.
- the particles 222 to be detected are located on the surface 220. They may be marked by dyes, in particular fluorescent dyes. In particular, bacteria, viruses or toxins can be detected by fluorescently labeled antibodies.
- the emitted light is not measured as the total intensity. Rather, a picture of the surface 220 so that the light emitting particles 222 can be counted by suitable software.
- light sensors 228 are provided on a CCD chip with a CCD array 230.
- the lower limit of the optical resolution at the surface 220 should be approximately 100 to 500 nm, if possible, because of the typical size of bacteria.
- the image of the surface is enlarged by means of a suitable optical focusing device 232.
- a resolution on the CCD array 230 for example, 5 microns, an enlargement by at least a factor of ten is provided.
- a CCD area of at least about 5cm x 5cm provided.
- CMOS complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor
- diode array or an intensified CCD may also be used to provide the light sensors 228. It is also possible to scan the surface line by line.
- the required CCD area exceeds the available area of a CCD chip, it is possible to arrange a plurality of smaller CCD chips in an array to again obtain an image of the entire surface 220.
- the CCD chips are not arranged edge to edge since the sensitive area of the individual chips generally does not extend to the edge thereof. Rather, a portion of the surface 220 is projected onto each chip by means of a beam splitter 248 and further optical components. This can lead to an overlap. In order to safely obtain the entire image, it is more advantageous to allow for some overlap everywhere to compensate for inaccuracies than to lose some of the images due to such inaccuracies.
- suitable In the case of data processing such an overlap in the evaluation unit 226 is automatically removed in order to avoid errors in the automatic counting of the particles 222.
- the light sensors 228 are implemented as parts of a CCD line which scans the surface 220 line by line.
- the scanning direction orthogonal to the CCD line can be done by imaging by means of a tilting mirror or by a precise shift of the CCD line.
- An overall image can also be created from multiple shots with shifted CCD array 230.
- the CCD line represents only a special form of the CCD array 230.
- FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the particle detector device 210, by means of which a spatially and temporally-resolved illumination is possible. This means that different pictures are taken one after the other. The examined object does not change, but the type of lighting, resulting in different images. These changes are also called synthetic optical aperture.
- the resolution can be improved significantly.
- the improvement that can be achieved is the higher, the more the images differ with different lighting. It is advantageous if the particles 222 to be detected are not round and if the dyes are distributed inhomogeneously in or on the particles 222, for example fluorescent dyes in bacteria.
- the method of spatially and temporally resolved illumination is also used to detect if particles 222 are agglomerated. It can be advantageous if the lighting is very flat.
- a transparent particulate filter 214 itself may be used as the light guide. In such transparent particulate filters 214, filtration and detection may also occur in the pores via antibody / antigen interaction or DNA hybridization. In particular, this is a possibility for the detection of small molecules such as toxins or viruses.
- Another possibility of the location and time-resolved illumination is to move the light source 234, in particular in a plane perpendicular to the beam path. Multiple illumination results in addition to the higher dynamic range in the detection and additional information from the topography, which increase the information content of the images by additional degrees of freedom.
- reference images are taken to see if individual light sensors 228 (CCD pixels) are defective. This can be compensated by software to avoid errors due to pixel failure. In addition, a warning message can be generated to avoid incorrect measurements; if necessary, it is possible to react by replacing the light sensors or the CCD device.
- Optical filters 244, 246 (edge and / or bandpass filters) allow confinement of the wavelengths.
- the optical filters 244, 246 can be automatically changed by a mechanical filter changer to perform measurements at different wavelengths.
- an immediate optical image can be taken to distinguish dust, dirt and other foreign particles from the particles 222 to be detected. This can be combined with the local and time-resolution lighting.
- a significant improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio is to be expected when the light from the light source 234 is pulsed.
- the fluorescent light is detected only when the excitation pulse has decayed.
- the particulate filter 214 When the particulate filter 214 is made of transparent material, it may be illuminated from the other side so that the light travels through the particulate filter 214. Such images can also be used without particles 222 to detect structural defects in the particulate filter 214 or inadequate cleaning. This information can be evaluated so that a warning is given or the particulate filter 214 is replaced.
- the particulate filter 214 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 has a diaphragm 312 and a carrier 314.
- pores 316 are introduced, which are arranged in a grid.
- the pores 316 have a round or square cross-section.
- the carrier 314 supports the membrane 312 in an edge region 318. In the area of the pores 316, a flow area 320 is provided.
- a silicon wafer 322 having (1 10) crystal orientation is provided as a starting material for the production of the particulate filter 214.
- the silicon is thermally oxidized, so that, for example, SiO 2 324 is produced with a thickness of approximately 500 nm.
- the formed SiC> 2 324 is removed from the front side 330.
- the SiO 2 324 on the back 332 is patterned to later serve as the etch mask 326.
- diamond 328 or DLC diamond like carbon
- a chromium layer (not shown) is coated in the thickness of e.g. applied and structured about 100nm. It serves as an etching mask for the subsequent structuring of the diamond 328.
- the diamond 328 is preferably patterned by plasma etching, and then the chromium mask is removed.
- Fig. 7 shows the particulate filter after this step.
- the front side 330 is now protected in an etch holder (not shown) and the silicon etched from the back 332 anisotropically beginning wet-chemically. Suitable etchants are, for example, TMAH or potassium hydroxide.
- Suitable etchants are, for example, TMAH or potassium hydroxide.
- the SiO 2 324 on the back side 332 serves as an etching mask 326. After completion of the etching process, this layer is removed.
- the particle filter 214 looks like in FIG. 6.
- the membrane is thus made of diamond 328 in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 5 to 9, while the carrier 314 is formed of the silicon 323 of the silicon wafer 322.
- the complete particle filter 214 can be coated with a diamond layer 334, whereby an extremely stable, both chemically and mechanically resistant, particulate filter 214 is formed. Even the silicon 323 is protected and the entire particulate filter 214 is sheathed with diamond 328. The only exception to this is any external surfaces that are used when unraveling several of them. on a utility (silicon wafer 322) shared particulate filters 214 are exposed. However, the outer surfaces are usually separated in any case by sealing rings of the fluid to be filtered.
- the individual chips or particle filters 214 may be coated with a diamond layer 334 after the wafer has been separated.
- the additional diamond layer 334 reduces the diameter of the pores 316. This should already be taken into account in structuring the chromium mask, in particular if a nominal diameter of the pores of, for example, approximately 450 nm is to be obtained.
- the particle filter 214 shown in FIG. 9 thus receives a diamond layer 334, which protects it against chemical and mechanical influences.
- the silicon 323 may be completely removed, thereby obtaining individual thin filter membranes.
- the silicon wafer 322 can also consist of silicon with (IOO) orientation.
- silicon with (IOO) orientation In the wet-chemical anisotropic etching of such a silicon wafer 322, however, no vertical, but oblique edges are produced, whereby the packing density is reduced.
- thermally oxidized silicon SiÜ 2 3214
- SOI wafers it is also possible to use other etching masks, for example differently deposited SiO 2 324 or Si 3 N 4 . It is also conceivable to use SOI wafers or to use further methods.
- a particulate filter 214 using SOI wafers with (IOO) orientation is shown in FIG.
- the particulate filter 214 completed by such an alternative process can then be provided with a diamond layer 334, which in turn creates a particulate filter 214 that is completely protected by diamond 328.
- This process is more complex in the processing, but has the advantage that the diamond layer 334 does not have to be structured.
- supports 314 for the membrane 312 made of diamond 328 may also be used as supports 314 for the membrane 312 made of diamond 328.
- hard metal titanium or refractory metals such as W, Ta, Mo and their carbides in question.
- SiC and SJ 3 N 4 are also particularly suitable.
- the diamond deposition takes place in particular by means of CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) in a methane-hydrogen atmosphere.
- CVD Chemical Vapor Deposition
- the energy required for the dissociation of the gases is advantageously provided by a hot filament.
- microwave plasma or shock discharge excitation (Are-Jet) possible.
- the particles 222 may be labeled with fluorescent dyes. These dyes are excited with a laser and measured the emitted light with the detector described in detail above. Because diamond is transparent, the use of particulate filters 214 described herein allows the illumination and detection to be made from different sides.
- the particle filters 214 with a membrane 312 made of diamond 328 are particularly suitable for the determination and measurement of viruses in media such as blood and saliva.
- finer pores 316 are used, for example, with 50nm diameter. Pores 316 of very small diameter beyond the resolution limit of conventional exposure and patterning processes can be made reproducible by coating a finished particle filter or one in which at least diamond 328 is already patterned with another diamond layer 334. As a result, pores 316 narrow.
- the hole diameter may be 450nm.
- the membrane thickness is approximately 1 ⁇ m.
- the pores 316 should have a high verticality to the surface of the membrane 12.
- the roughness of the perforation on the inside of the pores 316 is rms ⁇ 2 ⁇ m, preferably rms ⁇ 100 nm and particularly preferably ⁇ 50 nm.
- the grain size of the diamond layer should be less than 1 ⁇ m, preferably less than 50 nm and particularly preferably less than 20 nm.
- the bending fracture stress of the diamond layer should be more than 1 GPa, preferably more than 4 GPa, and more preferably more than 7 GPa.
- the modulus of elasticity should be above 500 GPa, preferably above 700 GPa and particularly preferably above 1000 GPa.
- the particulate filter 214 allows bacterial accumulation in water or air through a micromechanical surface filter, for example, to improve a detection limit of an analyzer. By using diamond 328 in the membrane 312, the particulate filter 214 has high chemical and mechanical robustness. This requires a high degree of recycling and thus a high degree of automation.
- the particle filter can be used in a detection method in which the medium is detected by thin particles to detect certain particles in media (eg bacteria in drinking water) Filter is pumped.
- the particulate filter 214 has pores 316 of a diameter adapted so that the particles to be detected and any particles as large or larger remain on the filter surface, i. be enriched there.
- the high mechanical stability enables the generation of a high differential pressure between both sides of the membranes, whereby the flow rate through the filter can be increased.
- the pore density can be increased to increase the percentage of pore area over the entire area of the filter. This is of particular interest in terms of miniaturization of the overall system.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 show a plan view and a cross section through the particle filter used as filter element.
- the pores are preferably round, but may also have a different shape.
- a fluidic system of the detection system and in particular the filter is cleaned after each sample examined.
- all previously eg sample to be examined, markers, auxiliary reagents, dirt and impurities
- aggressive chemicals such as acids, alkalis or solvents for cleaning.
- the overall system shown in greater detail in FIGS. 10 and 11 forms an analyzer device 70 for the automatic detection of, in particular, biological particles 222, 13 and has as components a collecting device 72, a transfer unit 74, a metering unit 41, a magnet 44 , a group 76 of reservoirs, a drive unit 78, a disruption device 80, possibly with tempering unit 82, a detection unit 84 and a control unit 86.
- An air sampler 30, in particular an air sampler 30 from the company SKC (see patents US Pat. No. 5,902,385 and US Pat. No. 5,904,752) or the company Bertin is preferably used as collecting device 72.
- the air sampler 30 transfers particles 13, in particular microorganisms (bacteria, viruses) and toxins from a gas phase into a collecting liquid 40.
- the transfer unit 74 preferably has a lifting pivot unit 66. Since the preferred air sampler 30 is modular, and in particular of at least two components - nozzle attachment 64 and reservoir 36 - consists, the nozzle attachment 64 can be separated and the collection container 36 are transferred to the enrichment position. For example, paramagnetic beads 16 for docking to particles 13 to be detected can be deposited here. taken and enriched with the docked particles. Another vessel 62 may optionally be used as an additional collecting container.
- the metering unit 41 is preferably designed as a syringe 42. With the dosing unit 41 z. B. collecting liquid 40 wound.
- the magnet 44 serves as a separator to concentrate the paramagnetic beads 16 in or on the dosing unit 41.
- the beads 16 are magnetically held in the metering unit, even if it emits liquid. Thus, the beads 16 can be separated from the liquid surrounding them.
- the group 76 has multiple reservoirs (vessels) 91-98 with different liquids needed to process the particles 13. In addition, a rest position 99 is provided. In particular, the following liquid reservoirs are provided: "Solution with paramagnetic beads (first reservoir 91)
- the reservoirs 91-98 are preferably aligned - along with the rest position 99 and the collector 72 - on a line.
- the dosing unit 41 between the reservoirs 91-98, possibly the rest position 99 and the collecting device 72 can be moved linearly by means of a linear drive 100 of simple construction.
- the entire system can be easily extended or reduced (depending on the application).
- the drive unit 78 has the drives explained below under F) to I):
- first movement unit for moving the dosing unit 41 (preferably for moving the syringe 42) in the Z direction - first movement 112 -;
- a second movement unit for liquid metering (preferably for moving a syringe plunger 50) - second movement 114 - and
- a third movement unit for approaching or removing the magnet 44 (e.g., in the Z direction) - third movement 116.
- the disruption device 80 preferably has an ultrasound device 56, in particular in the form of an ultrasound bath 110, for the mechanical disruption of the particles, in particular microorganisms.
- the ultrasonic bath 110 is filled with liquid and the dosing unit 41 can dip into this liquid.
- the ultrasonic bath 110 may be used, at low power, to resuspend the paramagnetic beads 16.
- the disruption device 86 further has a tempering unit 82, which can be operated jointly or separately with the ultrasonic bath 110.
- the temperature control unit 82 serves to support biochemical processes for the digestion of the particles 13, in particular microorganisms (eg enzymatic digestion). Also thermal Digestion processes close to the boiling point are possible with the temperature control unit.
- a temperature control of the entire system is provided.
- the reagent reservoirs 91 - 97, the waste vessel 98 and the collecting container 36 are tempered by means of a second temperature control unit 119, here indicated as an example as a heating coil.
- the detection unit 84 is provided at the end of the process chain and has the particle detection device 210 with the particle filter 214.
- a holding device 216 rotatable disc is provided in which a plurality of particulate filter 214 between a receiving position for filtering the particles 13, 222 and (a shown in Fig. 1) detection position are movable.
- control unit 86 is used to control and monitor the entire system.
- a control unit 86 for example, a computer or data processing device is provided, in which the individual control steps for the fully automatic implementation of the detection method in the form of control commands are stored as software.
- a data transfer for example via the Internet (online) possible.
- the data transfer is used to synchronize the results via a database or to alarm. It is also possible to control the entire system online, so that the system can be operated over greater distances.
- the transfer of the beads 16 into or onto the detection unit 84 is applied to the membrane 312 of the particle filter 214, whose surface 220 can then be used in the particle detection device 210 as a detection platform.
- the beads 16 are selected such that they have a greater extent than the size of the pores 316.
- the above-mentioned particle detection method for measuring the number of particles 13 is then performed.
- a use of non-paramagnetic beads 16 is conceivable in the overall system.
- An enrichment of the beads after the "air sampling” could instead of a magnetic field via a porous membrane, preferably a micromechanical filter, take place.
- the device 70 of the particulate filter 214 is used as a separator.
- This particulate filter 214 retains the beads 16 due to the size of the pores 316, but allows liquids to pass through. Accordingly, all wash and detection solutions required for analysis, detection of particulate matter, or digestion, such as all wash and detection solutions necessary for immunodetection (ELISA), could be pumped through these micromechanical particulate filters 214.
- ELISA immunodetection
- Particles in particular microorganism
- Dosing unit Syringe Magnet Syringe plunger Further vessel Jet attachment Stroke swivel unit Device (total system) Collection device Transfer unit Reservoir group Drive unit Digestion unit Tempering unit Detection unit Control unit first reservoir (beads; solution with paramagnetic beads) second reservoir (equilibration solution ) third reservoir (first digestion solution) fourth reservoir (second digestion solution) fifth reservoir (collecting liquid, for example water, H 2 O) sixth reservoir (cleaning solution) 97 seventh reservoir (preservation solution)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008035770A DE102008035770A1 (de) | 2008-07-31 | 2008-07-31 | Optischer Partikeldetektor sowie Detektionsverfahren |
| PCT/EP2009/059452 WO2010012644A2 (de) | 2008-07-31 | 2009-07-22 | Optischer partikeldetektor sowie detektionsverfahren |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2307874A2 true EP2307874A2 (de) | 2011-04-13 |
Family
ID=41338607
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09780949A Withdrawn EP2307874A2 (de) | 2008-07-31 | 2009-07-22 | Optischer partikeldetektor sowie detektionsverfahren |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9557259B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2307874A2 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102008035770A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2010012644A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (15)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010041930A1 (de) * | 2010-10-04 | 2012-04-05 | Dürr Ecoclean GmbH | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Analysieren von Verschmutzung |
| KR101914231B1 (ko) * | 2012-05-30 | 2018-11-02 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 주사 전자 현미경을 이용한 검사 시스템 |
| DE102012108989B3 (de) | 2012-09-24 | 2014-01-23 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Detektionsvorrichtung sowie Verfahren zur automatischen Detektion von Partikeln |
| DE102012109026A1 (de) | 2012-09-25 | 2014-03-27 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Detektionsvorrichtung und Detektionsverfahren zur automatischen Bestimmung von Biomasse |
| DE102015203838B4 (de) * | 2015-03-04 | 2016-11-17 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Kontrolle von Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtungen |
| WO2016175985A1 (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2016-11-03 | Northestern University | Particle capture and sampling |
| DE102015121034B4 (de) | 2015-12-03 | 2022-06-23 | Airbus Defence and Space GmbH | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Anreicherung von biologischen Partikeln |
| DE102015121035A1 (de) | 2015-12-03 | 2017-06-08 | Airbus Defence and Space GmbH | Verfahren zur Detektion coliformer Keime |
| WO2017143332A1 (en) * | 2016-02-18 | 2017-08-24 | Optofluidics, Inc. | System and method for characterizing particulates in a fluid sample |
| DE102016207666B4 (de) * | 2016-05-03 | 2023-03-02 | Olympus Winter & Ibe Gmbh | Medizinische Rauchgasabsaugvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Betreiben derselben |
| CN109891212A (zh) * | 2016-10-24 | 2019-06-14 | 皇家飞利浦有限公司 | 光学粒子检测器 |
| CN108204988A (zh) * | 2018-01-29 | 2018-06-26 | 江苏泓麒智能科技有限公司 | 金刚线质量参数检测装置及其加工参数调试方法 |
| US11366303B2 (en) | 2018-01-30 | 2022-06-21 | Rebus Biosystems, Inc. | Method for detecting particles using structured illumination |
| JP7172988B2 (ja) | 2018-02-01 | 2022-11-16 | 東レ株式会社 | 液中粒子の評価装置及びその運転方法 |
| DE102019103551B3 (de) | 2019-02-13 | 2020-07-30 | JOMESA Meßsysteme GmbH | Verfahren zur Analyse einer Partikelansammlung auf einer Filtermembran |
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| DE2852203C3 (de) | 1978-12-02 | 1982-03-11 | Ibm Deutschland Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Lichtleiteinrichtung für eine mit Auflicht betriebene Abbildungsvorrichtung |
| JPH026729A (ja) * | 1988-06-25 | 1990-01-10 | Shimadzu Corp | 細胞数測定装置 |
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| US6586193B2 (en) * | 1996-04-25 | 2003-07-01 | Genicon Sciences Corporation | Analyte assay using particulate labels |
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| US5904752A (en) | 1997-06-23 | 1999-05-18 | Skc, Inc. | Method for collecting airborne particles and microorganisms by their injection into a swirling air flow |
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| DE102004034970A1 (de) | 2004-07-16 | 2006-02-02 | Carl Zeiss Jena Gmbh | Lichtrastermikroskop und Verwendung |
| DE102004040785B4 (de) | 2004-08-23 | 2006-09-21 | Kist-Europe Forschungsgesellschaft Mbh | Mikrofluidisches System zur Isolierung biologischer Partikel unter Verwendung der immunomagnetischen Separation |
| US20060105173A1 (en) | 2004-11-16 | 2006-05-18 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd | Diamond-coated porous substrate and liquid treatment apparatus and liquid treatment method using same |
| DE102006026559A1 (de) | 2006-06-06 | 2007-12-20 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Mikromechanischer Filter für Mikropartikel, insbesondere für pathogene Bakterien und Viren, sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
| DE102006053540B3 (de) | 2006-11-14 | 2008-01-31 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Analyse biologischer Proben |
| US9403126B2 (en) * | 2007-01-10 | 2016-08-02 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Ultrafiltration membrane, device, bioartificial organ, and related methods |
| KR20080098287A (ko) * | 2007-05-04 | 2008-11-07 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 디스크형 미세유동장치를 위한 위상감응검출 방식의 광학검출 장치 및 검출 방법 |
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2008
- 2008-07-31 DE DE102008035770A patent/DE102008035770A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2009
- 2009-07-22 EP EP09780949A patent/EP2307874A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-07-22 WO PCT/EP2009/059452 patent/WO2010012644A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2009-07-22 US US13/056,374 patent/US9557259B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Title |
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| None * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2010012644A2 (de) | 2010-02-04 |
| US9557259B2 (en) | 2017-01-31 |
| WO2010012644A9 (de) | 2010-07-29 |
| DE102008035770A1 (de) | 2010-02-18 |
| US20110311996A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 |
| WO2010012644A3 (de) | 2010-04-15 |
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