EP2303749A1

EP2303749A1 - Method and device for determining the degree of service life use of a carrying means of an elevator

Info

Publication number: EP2303749A1
Application number: EP09797506A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Herbert Bachmann; Tobias Noseda
Original assignee: Inventio AG
Current assignee: Inventio AG
Priority date: 2008-07-18
Filing date: 2009-07-15
Publication date: 2011-04-06
Anticipated expiration: 2029-07-15
Also published as: WO2010007112A1; PT2592035T; ES2592223T3; BRPI0915982B1; ES2404854T3; EP2592035A1; US20110172932A1; CN102099279B; HK1156292A1; BRPI0915982A2; US9643816B2; EP2592035B1; EP2303749B1; CN102099279A

Abstract

The method according to the invention for determining the degree service life end of a carrying means (5) of an elevator, wherein the carrying means (5) is routed over a drive sheave (20) and/or one or more return pulleys (1 - 4) and connects a cabin (8) to a counterweight (9), comprises the following steps: a) the carrying means (5) is subdivided into a plurality of sections (A1 - AN), b) for each of the sections (A1 - AN), a determination is made as to whether the section (Ai) passes by the drive sheave (20) and/or one or more of the return pulleys (1 - 4) during a trip, and if this is the case, a usage level (R(Ai) ) representing the degree of service life use is increased accordingly.

Description

description

Method and device for determining the Ablegereife a support means of a lift

Technical area

The invention relates to a method and a device for determining the Ablegereife a support means of a lift.

In the case of an elevator, the car is held and moved by means of a suspension element, whereby the suspension element wears over time during operation and is replaced from time to time. If, however, the suspension element is replaced before it is actually ready for disposal, unnecessary costs are incurred and the service interval is shortened unnecessarily. However, if it is not recognized in good time that the suspension element is ready for disposal, considerable safety risks can arise. It is therefore important to be able to determine as precisely as possible when a suspension element is so worn out that it has to be replaced.

State of the art

If steel cables or steel belts are used as suspension elements, the discardability is determined by counting the number of wire breaks or by magnetically monitoring the suspension element. However, these methods are not suitable or only conditionally for aramid ropes as suspension means. From the document JP 11 035 246 A a method for detecting the wear of the supporting cable of an elevator is known. The part of the suspension rope that slips on the drive pulley is exposed to the greatest wear. In addition, the slippage of the suspension rope on the traction sheave causes the travel time to increase. Thus, there is a correlation between the degree of wear and the travel time. This correlation is now used in the wear detection process to deduce the degree of wear from the travel times determined.

First, the car call signals are detected and used to calculate the travel times that the car needs to travel from the call floors to the destination floors. Subsequently, the calculated travel times are compared with wear values in order to determine the manhole section in which the car moves the most frequently. Based on this finding, the wear of the corresponding cable section is now examined.

However, this embodiment has the following disadvantage. Due to the fact that the travel time depends not only on the slip, but additionally on some other parameters, such as the load in the cabin, you can conclude by the detection of driving time only relatively inaccurate on the prevailing slip. If the travel time is prolonged, this can have different causes. Greater slippage is just one of several possible causes. Presentation of the invention

An object of the invention is to provide a method and a device for determining the Ablegereife a Tragmit- means of a lift, with the Ablegereife the support means is particularly precisely determined.

In the inventive method for determining the Ablegereife a support means of an elevator in which the support means is guided over a traction sheave and / or one or more pulleys and connects a car with a counterweight, the suspension element is divided into several sections. For each of the sections, it is determined whether the section passes the drive pulley and / or one or more of the pulleys during a trip, and if so, a degree of ripeness representing the discard condition is increased accordingly.

The inventive device for determining the Ablegereife comprises in addition to the above-mentioned features a controller for controlling the elevator and an evaluation unit which is connected to the controller. The evaluation unit is designed and operable such that it determines the degree of ripeness for each of the sections on the basis of the data received by the controller about the travel destinations.

Advantageous developments of the invention will become apparent from the features indicated in the dependent claims.

In one embodiment of the method according to the invention, the type of bending is determined and, in the case of taken into account for a specific determination of the degree of maturity. This is particularly advantageous in the case of counterbends because they allow the suspension element to be particularly heavily worn.

In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, to determine the type of bending, it is detected which deflection roller causes which bending.

Advantageously, in the method according to the invention, a backbend in the determination of the degree of ripeness is taken into account more than a simple bending.

In addition, it is advantageous if, in the method according to the invention, the wrap angle is taken into account in the section-wise determination of the degree of ripeness. Thus, the determination of the Ablegereife can be made even more precise.

Furthermore, it is also advantageous if, in the method according to the invention, the diameter of the deflection rollers is taken into account in the section-wise determination of the degree of ripeness. This also allows the determination of the Ablegereife made even more precise.

To solve the problem it is further proposed that in the inventive method, a service message is generated when the maturity level for one of the sections has exceeded a certain value. In this way, regular manual checks of the with the

Procedure maturity of the Ablegereife be waived. According to a further feature of the invention, the support means is additionally monitored by an optical control device. Thus, the determination of the Ablegereife can be made even more precise and secure.

Brief description of the drawings

In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail by way of example with reference to seven figures.

FIG. 1 shows a simplified illustration of an elevator with a traction sheave.

FIG. 2 shows the counting principle for an elevator according to FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 shows a simplified illustration of an elevator with four deflection rollers.

FIG. 4 shows a table and a diagram with four runs of the elevator according to FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 again shows the diagram with the four rides of the elevator and below a travel table.

FIG. 6 shows a diagram with the positions of the deflection rollers on the individual cable sections.

Figure 7 shows a flow chart for the method for determining the Ablegereife a support means of a lift. Ways to carry out the invention

In order to determine the service life of a suspension element, for example an aramide rope, corresponding tests are carried out in advance and empirical values are used. In particular, the arrangement of the traction sheave, the deflection rollers, the cable guide, the wrap angle, the traction sheave and the deflection roller diameter have an influence on the stability or the wear. The knowledge gained from this leads to a bending cycle number that indicates the maximum number of bending cycles that are permitted before the suspension element is ready for disposal. The bending cycle number is also referred to below as the limit bending cycle number. The more often the suspension element is bent, the greater is its wear.

To ensure that the service life and thus the Ablegereife the support means can be determined as precisely as possible, the permissible number of bending cycles of that support means section, which is the most stressed plays a special role. As long as the bending cycle number of the most heavily loaded support means section is not exceeded, the support means need not be replaced.

In the embodiments of the invention described here, all types of rollers are referred to as deflection rollers. For example, deflection rollers should fall under the term deflection rollers. First embodiment

FIG. 1 shows a simplified representation of an elevator with a 1: 1 suspension. A cabin 8 is connected to a counterweight 9 via a suspension element 5, which is also referred to below as a suspension cable or shortly as a cable. The support means 5 may also be a belt or belt and is guided over a traction sheave 20. In order to move the cabin 8 from one floor 12 to another floor 11, the suspension element 5 is driven via the traction sheave 20, which is coupled to a drive, not shown. In this case, at the beginning of the journey, that is to say at the instant tθ, the cable section Ai, as shown in FIG. 1, is located underneath the traction sheave 20. The cable section Ai carries the reference symbol Ai (tθ) in this position. At the end of the journey, that is to say at the time t 1, the cabin 8 is located on the floor 11 and the cable section Ai is now partly on the traction sheave 20. The cable section Ai carries the reference symbol Ai (tl) in this position. The control of the elevator by means of an elevator control 31. The determination of the Ablegereife the support means 5 by means of an evaluation unit 32, which is connected to the elevator control 31.

To determine the Ablegereife the support means 5, the support means 5 is first divided into as many sections Ai as there are floors. Then each floor is assigned that portion of the suspension element which lies on the traction sheave 20 when the cabin 8 is in the corresponding floor. Thus, for example, that support means section which on the traction sheave 20 when the car is on the floor 12, the section number A12 is assigned.

In addition, a storage space is assigned to each floor or the corresponding support means section in which each entrance to the floor, each exit from the floor in the opposite direction and each passage of the corresponding floor is counted. In Figure 2, this is shown graphically. On the left is the shaft with a total of 25 floors (-2 to 22) shown, right next to a symbolic representation of a first drive 1 of the cabin from the floor 0 to the floor 8. Right next to it, the corresponding memory is shown, the be also referred to as Biegewechselzähler - is being drawn. The memory comprises as many memory locations as the building floors has less than one, that is, in the present exemplary embodiment, a total of 24 memory locations SP1 to SP24 for a total of 24 cable sections A1 to A24. The first cable section Al is located at the counterweight 9 and the 24th cable section A24 at the cabin 8.

If the elevator car 8 moves upwards from the lowermost stop (floor -2), the first cable section Al runs over the traction sheave 20. On the other hand, if the elevator car 8 moves downwards from the uppermost stop (floor 22), the cable section A24 runs over the traction sheave 20 ,

In the example in FIG. 2, the car 8 moves from the floor 0 to the floor 8 during the journey 1. The evaluation unit 32 receives the floor information (call information) from the elevator control 31 and then increases the contents of the corresponding eight memory locations SP3 to SP10 by the value of one. This means that the cable sections A3 to AlO run over the traction sheave 20 and are subjected to a bending. When driving 2, the car 8 moves from the floor 8 by three floors further up to the floor 11. Thus, the cable sections All to A13 are moved over the traction sheave 20 and thereby subjected to a bend. Therefore, the values in the next three memory locations SPI1, SP12 and SP 13 are also increased by the value one. At ride 3, the cabin moves from floor 11 down to floor -1. As a result, the values in the corresponding memory locations SP13 to SP2 are again increased by the value one. Finally, the car moves up to the floor 3 during travel 4, so that the values in corresponding memory locations SP2 to SP5 are again increased by the value one.

On the right in FIG. 2, the values accumulated at the end of the journey 4 during the four journeys are shown, which are referred to as ripeness R (Al) to R (AN). The largest value in the bending change memory corresponds to the maximum number of bending cycles of the elevator installation. As can be seen, a total of three memory locations SP3, SP4 and SP5 are assigned the value 3. This means that during the four journeys the three support means sections A3, A4 and A5 were each subjected to a bending cycle three times. For the suspension element section Al, a degree of maturity R (Al) = 0, the suspension element section A2 a degree of maturity R (A2) = 2 and the support center section A3 a maturity R (A3) = 3. The cable sections A3, A4 and A5 thus have the largest Maturity R (A3) = R (A4) = R (A5) = 3 and thus subject to the greatest wear. To record the bending cycles, the call information from the elevator control 31 can be used and evaluated. For example, a gray code can be used for this purpose.

The described embodiment can be integrated into the elevator control 31 or executed as a separate appliance, which is equipped with a corresponding interface to the elevator control 31. The floor information can then be transmitted via the interface. The elevator control 31 and the evaluation unit 32 can be combined in the same housing or in the same module.

Each trip from one floor to the other is assigned to the cable section of the floor, which is bent at the appropriate drive on the traction sheave and the pulley. With the bending counter, the bending changes of each section of rope are counted. Decisive for the rope life is that rope section with the most bending changes.

Second embodiment

With a hinge factor = 2, ie a 2: 1 suspension, the above considerations apply as well. The individual cable sections can be loaded in addition to the bends via the traction sheave with bends over the pulleys on the counterweight or on the cab. The pulleys are also referred to here as Pulleys or pulleys. In the second embodiment described here, these bends are not counted separately. It is assumed that each section of cable is bent both over the pulley and over the pulleys on the counterweight or cab. For this reason, it is spoken of bending cycles and not bending bends. One bend cycle includes both the bend over the traction sheave and the bends over the corresponding pulleys. In the service life tests, bending cycles (bending of the same rope piece via traction sheave and pulleys) are tested. Therefore, this counting method is sufficiently secure. However, it is also possible to count the individual bends separately via the traction sheave and the pulleys (see third embodiment).

Advantageously, a separate limit bending cycle number is determined for each elevator layout (disposition) by means of corresponding service life tests with defined traction sheave and pulley diameters.

Third embodiment

FIG. 3 shows in simplified form a lift with a 2: 1 suspension. The support cable 5 is attached to a first attachment point 6 on the shaft and leads via a first guide roller 1, which is secured to the counterweight 9, via a traction sheave 2, which is fixed to the shaft and further deflection rollers 3 and 4, on the

Bottom of the cabin 8 are arranged, to a second attachment point 7 in the shaft. The shaft is after th by a bottom 10 and bounded above by a ceiling 13.

FIG. 4 shows a table and a diagram with four journeys F1-F4 of the elevator. On the left in Figure 4, the shaft height, for example, in meters and right next to it, the floors are given as numbers 0 to 50. Right next to it are four trips Fl to F4 shown. At the first drive Fl, the car 8 moves from the floor 0 to the landing 8. At the second drive F2, the car continues to the floor 32. At the third drive F3 the cabin moves on to the floor 25. At the fourth drive F4 finally drives the Cabin back to floor 0. In the four columns to the right, the positions of the three pulleys 1, 3 and 4 as well as the traction sheave 2 on the rope 5 are given as absolute values in meters relative to the beginning of the rope at attachment point 6.

Figure 5 again shows the diagram with the four trips Fl to F4 of the elevator and below the resulting trip table. It can be seen from this table which position the four pulleys 1 to 4 have at the beginning of the respective journey (start) and at the end of this journey on the carrying cable 5. Thus, for example, at the beginning of the first run Fl, the deflection roller 1 is 0.8 m from the beginning of the rope (attachment point 6). At the end of the first drive Fl, the guide roller 1 is then 24.8 m from the beginning of the rope. This means that there are 24.8 m of rope between the deflection roller 1 and the attachment point 6. The rope is thus at the time Fl from

Pulley 1 on the route between 0.8 m and 24.8 m overrun. From the travel table shown in Figure 5, the diagram shown in Figure 6 can be derived, in which the positions of the pulleys 1 to 4 are shown on the individual cable sections Al, A2, A3 to AN.

By means of the following formula it is given by way of example how the current position (PosPulleyl) on the rope 5 can be calculated for the pulley 1:

τ _τ " _ττ . HQ • current floor PosPulleyl = H3 - H4 + -

Number of floors

Where:

H3 = distance between pulley 1 and traction sheave 2 H4 = distance between rope beginning 6 and traction sheave 2 HQ = floor height

Figure 7 shows a flow chart for the method for determining the Ablegereife the suspension element of an elevator.

In an initialization phase (Sl, S2), the rope 5 is divided into N sections Al to AN and the positions of the pulleys 1 to 4 on the rope are assigned to each floor 0-50. The attachment point 6 forms the zero point or reference point. However, the reference point can also be any other location, such as the attachment point 7. Thereafter, the overrun rope length is recorded for each trip Fl to F4 and each pulley 1 to 4 (see FIG. 5).

For each cable section Al to AN (this may vary depending on

Requirement be arbitrarily large or small) is continuously the number of rollovers through the pulleys 1 to 4 recorded (Figure 5 and S3, S4, S7 in Figure 7). Depending on requirements, the different bends and their degree of damage per pulley can also be taken into account, eg diameter, wrap angle, drive disk, deflection roller, counterbending, single bending. This means that the degree of damage or the number of bending changes can be recognized and evaluated at any time for each cable section A1 to AN (see FIG. 6).

Those cable sections with the most or most damaging bending changes can be detected at any time. A limit can be set for the permissible damage, ie for the permissible number of bending changes. When this number is reached (S5), a service message can be issued (S6) to indicate that the suspension means should be replaced. But it can also be determined only the section on the rope, which has received the greatest damage. In the latter case, this cable section can then be visually or by means of auxiliary equipment, e.g. magnetically inspected.

Reverse bends, which are also referred to as counterbends, cause the suspension element 5 to wear more quickly and are therefore multiplied in FIG. 6 by a weighting factor GF = 4 in the calculation of the degree of maturity R (Ai). For the maturity level R (Ai) of the rope section Ai applies in this case:

R (Ai) = SB + 4 * RB

where:

SB = the number of simple bends

RB = the number of reverse bends. A support means section Ai is subject to a simple bend when this support means section Ai is bent on one of the deflection rollers or on the traction sheave in a first direction. If this support means section Ai is bent at a later time in the opposite direction, this support means section Ai is then subject to a return bend. For example, the suspension element section, which is located on the deflection roller 3 in the cabin position POS1 shown in FIG. 3, is subject to a simple bend. Later, when the car is then in the position P0S2, the support means section is located on the traction sheave 2 and is now also subject to a back bend.

Whether it is a simple bend or a back bend results from the elevator layout and the lift height. The evaluation unit 32 (FIG. 3) can thus ascertain, on the basis of certain geometries which result from the elevator layout, for example the parameters HI-H4, HQ and BK and the lifting height of the car 8, whether a particular cable section Ai during a journey simple bending and / or a back bend is subjected.

The diameter of the deflection rollers is marked with the reference symbol D. As already mentioned above, the diameter D of the pulleys can be taken into account when determining the Ablegereife. In addition, the wrap angle can also be taken into account when determining the maturity. For example, the weighting factor GF can be related to the diameter D of the deflection roller. For a deflection roller with a small diameter D, the weighting factor GF is increased. selects as in a pulley with a large diameter D. Similarly, the weighting factor GF may be related to the wrap angle of the traction sheave. If the wrap angle of the suspension element on the drive disk is large, the weighting factor GF is selected to be smaller than if the wrap angle of the suspension element on the drive pulley is small. In addition, the weighting factor can be related to the load hanging on the suspension element. The larger this load, the greater the weighting factor GF is chosen.

For a Umhängungsfaktor> 2 can proceed analogously.

So far, the maximum number of bending changes of the most stressed rope piece was very difficult to determine because the traffic patterns of each elevator are different and therefore it is not obvious which Tragmittelstück is acted upon with most bending changes. The number of rides of a lift also give no indication. An advantage of the invention is that the ropes can be stored very individually and thus fully exploited. If the discard condition were determined on the basis of the number of journeys or by estimation, reserves would have to be built in which could cause high costs in maintenance. With the present invention, the Ablegereife of suspension elements, for example, steel cables, Aramidseilen, straps or belts with tension strands of steel strands or synthetic fibers are found.

The suspension element 5 can additionally be monitored with an optical control device 30 (FIG. 1). There- Through the determination of the Ablegereife can be made even more precise and secure. As a visual control device 30, for example, a video camera can be used, but the support means 5 can also be optically controlled by a service technician. In the optical control, for example, attention is paid to wire breaks, bubbles in the bearing support and changes in the geometry of the suspension.

The foregoing description of the embodiments according to the present invention is for illustrative purposes only, and not for the purpose of limiting the invention. Within the scope of the invention, various changes, combinations of the embodiments and modifications are possible without departing from the scope of the invention and its equivalents.

Claims

claims

1. A method for determining the Ablegereife a support means of an elevator, wherein the support means (5) via a traction sheave (2; 20) and / or one or more deflection rollers (1, 3, 4) is guided and a cabin (8) with a counterweight (9), comprising the following steps: the suspension element (5) is divided into several sections (Al - AN), for each of the sections (Al - AN) it is determined whether the section (Ai) during a journey ( Fl - F4) of the car (8), the traction sheave (20) and / or one or more of the pulleys (1-4) passes, and if so, a maturity level (R (Ai)) representing the discard condition , increased accordingly.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the type of bending (SB, RB) is determined and taken into account in the section-wise determination of the degree of ripeness (R (Ai)).

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein for determining the type of bending (SB, RB) is detected, which deflection roller (2, 3) which causes bending.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein a return bend (RB) in the determination of the degree of ripeness (R (Ai)) is taken into account more than a simple bend (SB).

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a wrap angle and / or a diameter of the deflection rollers (1, 3, 4) in the section- determining the degree of ripeness (R (Ai)).

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a service message is generated when the degree of ripeness (R (Ai)) for one of the sections (Al - AN) has exceeded a certain value.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the elevator is put out of operation when the degree of ripeness (R (Ai)) for one of the sections (Al - AN) has exceeded a certain value.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the support means (5) is additionally monitored with an optical control device (30).

9. A device for determining the Ablegereife according to one of the claims 1 to 8,

- with a control (31) for controlling the elevator, and

- With an evaluation unit (32) which is connected to the controller (31) and is designed and operable to determine the degree of ripeness (R (Ai)) for each of the sections on the basis of the data obtained by the controller (31) (Al - AN) determined.