EP2592035A1 - Method and device for determining the state of wear of a load carrier of an elevator - Google Patents
Method and device for determining the state of wear of a load carrier of an elevator Download PDFInfo
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- EP2592035A1 EP2592035A1 EP20120197675 EP12197675A EP2592035A1 EP 2592035 A1 EP2592035 A1 EP 2592035A1 EP 20120197675 EP20120197675 EP 20120197675 EP 12197675 A EP12197675 A EP 12197675A EP 2592035 A1 EP2592035 A1 EP 2592035A1
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- elevator
- bending
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 101100365087 Arabidopsis thaliana SCRA gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100333868 Homo sapiens EVA1A gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100031798 Protein eva-1 homolog A Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101100438139 Vulpes vulpes CABYR gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B7/00—Other common features of elevators
- B66B7/12—Checking, lubricating, or cleaning means for ropes, cables or guides
- B66B7/1207—Checking means
- B66B7/1215—Checking means specially adapted for ropes or cables
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B7/00—Other common features of elevators
- B66B7/12—Checking, lubricating, or cleaning means for ropes, cables or guides
- B66B7/1207—Checking means
- B66B7/1215—Checking means specially adapted for ropes or cables
- B66B7/1238—Checking means specially adapted for ropes or cables by optical techniques
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for determining the Ablegereife a support means of a lift.
- the discard condition is determined by counting the number of wire breaks or by magnetically monitoring the suspension element.
- these methods are not suitable or only conditionally for aramid ropes as suspension means.
- the car call signals are detected and used to calculate the travel times that the car needs to travel from the call floors to the destination floors. Subsequently, the calculated travel times are compared with wear values in order to determine the manhole section in which the car moves most frequently. Based on this finding, the wear of the corresponding cable section is now examined.
- this embodiment has the following disadvantage. Due to the fact that the travel time depends not only on the slip, but additionally on some other parameters, such as the load in the cabin, you can conclude by the detection of driving time only relatively inaccurate on the prevailing slip. If the travel time is prolonged, this can have different causes. Greater slippage is just one of several possible causes.
- An object of the invention is to provide a method and a device for determining the Ablegereife a support means of a lift, with the Ablegereife the support means is particularly precisely determined.
- the suspension element is divided into several sections. For each of the sections, it is determined whether the section passes the traction sheave and / or one or more of the pulleys during a trip, and if so, a degree of maturity representing the discard period is increased accordingly.
- the inventive device for determining the Ablegereife comprises in addition to the above-mentioned features a controller for controlling the elevator and an evaluation unit which is connected to the controller.
- the evaluation unit is designed and operable such that it determines the degree of ripeness for each of the sections on the basis of the data received by the controller about the travel destinations.
- the type of bending is determined and taken into account in the section-wise determination of the degree of ripeness. This is particularly advantageous in the case of counterbends because they allow the suspension element to be particularly heavily worn.
- a backbend in the determination of the degree of ripeness is taken into account more than a simple bending.
- the wrap angle is taken into account in the section-wise determination of the degree of ripeness.
- the determination of the Ablegereife can be made even more precise.
- the diameter of the deflection rollers is taken into account in the section-wise determination of the degree of ripeness. This also allows the determination of the Ablegereife made even more precise.
- a service message is generated when the maturity level for one of the sections has exceeded a certain value. In this way it is possible to dispense with regular manual checks of the maturity level of the discardability determined by the method.
- the support means is additionally monitored by an optical control device.
- a suspension element for example an aramid rope
- corresponding tests are carried out in advance and empirical values are used.
- the arrangement of the traction sheave, the deflection rollers, the cable guide, the wrap angle, the traction sheave and the Umlenkrollen pressmesser have an impact on the stability or the wear.
- the knowledge gained from this leads to a bending cycle number that indicates the maximum number of bending cycles that are permitted before the suspension element is ready for disposal.
- the bending cycle number is also referred to below as the limit bending cycle number. The more often the suspension element is bent, the greater is its wear.
- the permissible number of bending cycles of that support means section which is the most stressed plays a special role. As long as the Bending cycle number of the most heavily loaded support means section is not exceeded, the support means need not be replaced.
- rollers In the embodiments of the invention described herein, all types of rollers are referred to as pulleys.
- deflection rollers should fall under the term deflection rollers.
- FIG. 1 a simplified representation of an elevator with a 1: 1 1 suspension is shown.
- a cabin 8 is connected to a counterweight 9 via a suspension element 5, which is also referred to below as a suspension cable or shortly as a cable.
- the support means 5 may also be a belt or belt and is guided over a traction sheave 20.
- the suspension element 5 is driven via the traction sheave 20, which is coupled to a drive, not shown.
- the cable section Ai is located, as in FIG FIG. 1 shown left below the traction sheave 20.
- the cable section Ai carries in this position the reference numeral Ai (t0).
- the cabin 8 is located on the floor 11 and the cable section Ai is now partially on the traction sheave 20.
- the cable section Ai carries in this position the reference numeral Ai (t1).
- the control of the elevator by means of an elevator control 31.
- the determination of the Ablegereife the support means 5 by means of an evaluation unit 32, which is connected to the elevator control 31.
- the support means 5 is first divided into as many sections Ai as there are floors. Then each floor is assigned that portion of the suspension element which lies on the traction sheave 20 when the cabin 8 is in the corresponding floor. Thus, for example, that support means section which lies on the traction sheave 20, when the cabin is located in the floor 12, assigned the section number A12.
- each storey or the corresponding support means section is assigned a storage space in which each entrance to the floor, each exit from the floor in the opposite direction and each passage of the corresponding floor is counted.
- FIG. 2 this is shown graphically.
- On the left is the shaft with a total of 25 floors (-2 to 22) shown, right next to a symbolic representation of a first drive 1 of the cabin from the floor 0 to the floor 8.
- the corresponding memory is shown, which also referred to as Biege CallInstituter becomes.
- the memory comprises as many memory locations as the building floors has less than one, that is to say in the present exemplary embodiment a total of 24 memory locations SP1 to SP24 for a total of 24 cable sections A1 to A24.
- the first cable section A1 is located at the counterweight 9 and the 24th cable section A24 is located at the car 8.
- the cabin 8 moves from the floor 0 to the floor 8 during the journey 1.
- the evaluation unit 32 receives the floor information (call information) from the elevator control 31 and then increases the contents of the corresponding eight storage spaces SP3 to SP10 by the value one.
- the car 8 moves from the floor 8 by three floors further up to the floor 11.
- the cable sections A11 to A13 are moved over the traction sheave 20 and thereby subjected to a bend. Therefore, the values in the next three memory locations SP11, SP12 and SP 13 are also increased by one.
- the cabin moves from floor 11 down to floor -1.
- the values in the corresponding memory locations SP13 to SP2 are again increased by the value one.
- the car moves up to the floor 3 during travel 4, so that the values in corresponding memory locations SP2 to SP5 are again increased by the value one.
- the largest value in the bending change memory corresponds to the maximum number of bending cycles of the elevator installation.
- a total of three memory locations SP3, SP4 and SP5 are assigned the value 3.
- the call information from the elevator control 31 can be used and evaluated.
- a gray code can be used for this purpose.
- the described embodiment can be integrated into the elevator control 31 or executed as a separate device, which is equipped with a corresponding interface to the elevator control 31.
- the floor information can then be transmitted via the interface.
- the elevator control 31 and the evaluation unit 32 can be combined in the same housing or in the same module.
- the individual cable sections can be loaded in addition to the bends over the traction sheave with bends over the pulleys on the counterweight or on the cabin.
- the pulleys are also referred to here as Pulleys or pulleys.
- a separate limit bending cycle number is determined for each elevator layout (disposition) by appropriate life tests with defined traction sheave and pulley diameters.
- FIG. 3 is a lift with a 2: 1 suspension simplified.
- the support cable 5 is attached to a first attachment point 6 on the shaft and via a first guide roller 1, which is secured to the counterweight 9, via a traction sheave 2, which is secured to the shaft and further deflection rollers 3 and 4, on the underside of Cabin 8 are arranged, to a second attachment point 7 in the shaft.
- the shaft is bounded below by a floor 10 and upwards by a ceiling 13.
- FIG. 4 is a table and a diagram with four rides F1 - F4 of the elevator shown. Left in FIG. 4 For example, if the height of the shaft is in meters, and on the right next to it, the floors are indicated as numbers 0 to 50. Right next to it four rides F1 to F4 are shown. At the first drive F1 the car 8 moves from floor 0 to the landing 8. At the second drive F2 the car moves on to the floor 32. At the third drive F3 the car moves on to the floor 25. At the fourth drive F4 finally drives the Cabin back to floor 0. In the four columns right next to the positions of the three pulleys 1, 3 and 4 and the traction sheave 2 on the rope 5 are given as absolute values in meters relative to the rope beginning at the attachment point 6.
- FIG. 5 shows again the diagram with the four runs F1 to F4 of the elevator and below the resulting trip table. It can be seen from this table which position the four pulleys 1 to 4 have at the beginning of the respective journey (start) and at the end of this journey on the carrying cable 5.
- the deflection roller 1 is located at the beginning 0.8 m from the beginning of the rope (attachment point 6).
- the guide roller 1 is then located 24.8 m from the beginning of the rope. The means that there are 24.8 m of cable between the guide roller 1 and the attachment point 6. The rope is thus overrun during the ride F1 Pulley 1 on the route between 0.8 m and 24.8 m.
- FIG. 6 shown diagram in which the positions of the pulleys 1 to 4 are shown on the individual cable sections A1, A2, A3 to AN.
- FIG. 7 shows a flowchart for the method for determining the Ablegereife the suspension element of an elevator.
- the rope 5 is divided into N sections A1 to AN, and the positions of the pulleys 1 to 4 on the rope are assigned to each floor 0-50.
- the attachment point 6 forms the zero point or reference point. However, the reference point can also be any other location, such as the attachment point 7.
- the roll over length is recorded (see FIG. 5 ).
- the number of roll-overs by the pulleys 1 to 4 is continuously recorded ( FIG. 5 and S3, S4, S7 in FIG. 7 ).
- the different bends and their degree of damage per pulley can be taken into account, eg diameter, wrap angle, traction sheave, deflection roller, counterbending, single bending.
- the degree of damage or the number of bending changes can be recognized and evaluated (see FIG. 6 ).
- Those cable sections with the most or most damaging bending changes can be detected at any time.
- a limit can be set for the permissible damage, ie for the permissible number of bending changes.
- S5 When this number is reached (S5), a service message can be issued (S6) to indicate that the suspension means should be replaced.
- S6 When this number is reached (S5), a service message can be issued (S6) to indicate that the suspension means should be replaced. But it can also be determined only the section on the rope, which has received the greatest damage. In the latter case, this cable section can then be visually or by means of auxiliary equipment, e.g. magnetically inspected.
- a support means section Ai is subject to a simple bend when this support means section Ai is bent on one of the deflection rollers or on the traction sheave in a first direction. If this support means section Ai is bent at a later time in the opposite direction, this support means section Ai is then subject to a return bend.
- the suspension element section which is located at the in FIG. 3 shown cabin position POS1 is located on the guide roller 3, a simple bend. Later, when the car is then in the position POS2, the support means section is located on the traction sheave 2 and is now also subject to a back bend.
- the evaluation unit 32 can thus determine on the basis of certain geometries that result from the elevator layout, for example, the parameters H1 - H4, HQ and BK and the lifting height of the car 8, if a particular cable section Ai is subjected during a ride to a simple bend and / or a back bend.
- the diameter of the deflection rollers is marked with the reference symbol D.
- D the diameter of the pulleys
- the wrap angle can also be taken into account when determining the expiry date.
- the weighting factor GF can be related to the diameter D of the deflection roller. For a deflection roller with a small diameter D, the weighting factor GF is chosen larger than in the case of a deflection roller with a large diameter D. Likewise, the weighting factor GF can be related to the wrap angle of the traction sheave.
- the weighting factor GF is selected to be smaller than if the wrap angle of the suspension element on the traction sheave is small.
- the weighting factor can be related to the load hanging on the suspension element. The larger this load, the greater the weighting factor GF is chosen.
- the suspension element 5 can additionally be provided with an optical control device 30 (FIG. FIG. 1 ) be monitored. Thus, the determination of the Ablegereife can be made even more precise and secure.
- an optical control device 30 for example, a video camera can be used.
- the suspension element 5 can also be optically controlled by a service technician. For example, in optical inspection, attention is paid to wire breaks, bubbles in the aramid support, and changes in the geometry of the suspension.
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- Lift-Guide Devices, And Elevator Ropes And Cables (AREA)
- Maintenance And Inspection Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)
- Indicating And Signalling Devices For Elevators (AREA)
- Elevator Control (AREA)
- Cage And Drive Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)
- Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Ermittlung der Ablegereife eines Tragmittels eines Aufzugs.The invention relates to a method and a device for determining the Ablegereife a support means of a lift.
Bei einem Aufzug wird die Kabine über ein Tragmittel gehalten und bewegt, wobei das Tragmittel während des Betriebs mit der Zeit verschleisst und von Zeit zu Zeit ausgewechselt wird. Wird das Tragmittel allerdings ausgewechselt, bevor es tatsächlich ablegereif ist, entstehen unnötige Kosten und das Serviceintervall verkürzt sich unnötigerweise. Wird aber nicht rechtzeitig erkannt, dass das Tragmittel ablegereif ist, können erhebliche Sicherheitsrisiken entstehen. Es ist daher wichtig, möglichst präzise bestimmen zu können, wann ein Tragmittel derart verschlissen ist, dass es auszuwechseln ist.In the case of an elevator, the car is held and moved by means of a suspension element, whereby the suspension element wears over time during operation and is replaced from time to time. If, however, the suspension element is replaced before it is actually ready for disposal, unnecessary costs are incurred and the service interval is shortened unnecessarily. However, if it is not recognized in good time that the suspension element is ready for disposal, considerable safety risks can arise. It is therefore important to be able to determine as precisely as possible when a suspension element is so worn out that it has to be replaced.
Dienen Stahlseile oder Stahlriemen als Tragmittel, wird die Ablegereife bestimmt, indem die Anzahl Drahtbrüche gezählt wird oder indem das Tragmittel magnetinduktiv überwacht wird. Diese Verfahren eigenen sich allerdings nicht oder nur bedingt für Aramidseile als Tragmittel.If steel cables or steel belts serve as suspension elements, the discard condition is determined by counting the number of wire breaks or by magnetically monitoring the suspension element. However, these methods are not suitable or only conditionally for aramid ropes as suspension means.
Aus der Druckschrift
Zuerst werden die Kabinenrufsignale erfasst und daraus die Fahrzeiten berechnet, welche die Kabine benötigt, um von den Rufstockwerken zu den Zielstockwerken zu gelangen. Anschliessend werden die errechneten Fahrzeiten mit Verschleisswerten verglichen, um denjenigen Schachtabschnitt zu ermitteln, in dem sich die Kabine am häufigsten bewegt. Anhand dieser Erkenntnis wird nun der Verschleiss des entsprechenden Seilabschnitts untersucht.First, the car call signals are detected and used to calculate the travel times that the car needs to travel from the call floors to the destination floors. Subsequently, the calculated travel times are compared with wear values in order to determine the manhole section in which the car moves most frequently. Based on this finding, the wear of the corresponding cable section is now examined.
Diese Ausführungsform hat jedoch den folgenden Nachteil. Aufgrund dessen, dass die Fahrzeit nicht nur vom Schlupf, sondern noch zusätzlich von einigen anderen Parametern, wie beispielsweise der Last in der Kabine abhängt, kann man durch die Erfassung der Fahrzeit nur relativ ungenau auf den vorherrschenden Schlupf schliessen. Wenn sich die Fahrzeit verlängert, so kann dies verschiedene Ursachen haben. Ein stärkerer Schlupf ist lediglich eine von mehren möglichen Ursachen.However, this embodiment has the following disadvantage. Due to the fact that the travel time depends not only on the slip, but additionally on some other parameters, such as the load in the cabin, you can conclude by the detection of driving time only relatively inaccurate on the prevailing slip. If the travel time is prolonged, this can have different causes. Greater slippage is just one of several possible causes.
Eine Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Ermittlung der Ablegereife eines Tragmittels eines Aufzugs anzugeben, mit dem die Ablegereife des Tragmittels besonders präzise bestimmbar ist.An object of the invention is to provide a method and a device for determining the Ablegereife a support means of a lift, with the Ablegereife the support means is particularly precisely determined.
Beim erfindungsgemässen Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Ablegereife eines Tragmittels eines Aufzugs, bei dem das Tragmittel über eine Treibscheibe und/oder eine oder mehrere Umlenkrollen geführt wird und eine Kabine mit einem Gegengewicht verbindet, wird das Tragmittel in mehrere Abschnitte aufgeteilt. Für jeden der Abschnitte wird ermittelt, ob der Abschnitt während einer Fahrt die Treibscheibe und/oder eine oder mehrere der Umlenkrollen passiert, und falls dies der Fall ist, wird ein Reifegrad, der die Ablegereife repräsentiert, entsprechend erhöht.In the inventive method for determining the Ablegereife a support means of an elevator in which the support means is guided over a traction sheave and / or one or more pulleys and connects a car with a counterweight, the suspension element is divided into several sections. For each of the sections, it is determined whether the section passes the traction sheave and / or one or more of the pulleys during a trip, and if so, a degree of maturity representing the discard period is increased accordingly.
Die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung zur Ermittlung der Ablegereife umfasst zusätzlich zu den oben genannten Merkmalen eine Steuerung zum Steuern des Aufzugs und eine Auswerteeinheit, die mit der Steuerung verbunden ist. Die Auswerteeinheit ist derart ausgebildet und betreibbar, dass sie anhand der von der Steuerung erhaltenen Daten über die Fahrziele den Reifegrad für jeden der Abschnitte ermittelt.The inventive device for determining the Ablegereife comprises in addition to the above-mentioned features a controller for controlling the elevator and an evaluation unit which is connected to the controller. The evaluation unit is designed and operable such that it determines the degree of ripeness for each of the sections on the basis of the data received by the controller about the travel destinations.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den in den abhängigen Patentansprüchen angegebenen Merkmalen.Advantageous developments of the invention will become apparent from the features indicated in the dependent claims.
Bei einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens wird die Art der Biegung ermittelt und bei der abschnittsweisen Bestimmung des Reifegrads berücksichtigt. Insbesondere bei Gegenbiegungen ist dies von Vorteil, weil diese das Tragmittel besonders stark verschleissen lassen.In one embodiment of the method according to the invention, the type of bending is determined and taken into account in the section-wise determination of the degree of ripeness. This is particularly advantageous in the case of counterbends because they allow the suspension element to be particularly heavily worn.
Bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens wird zur Ermittlung der Art der Biegung erfasst, welche Umlenkrolle welche Biegung verursacht.In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, to determine the type of bending, it is detected which deflection roller causes which bending.
Vorteilhafter Weise wird bei dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren eine Rückbiegung bei der Bestimmung des Reifegrads stärker berücksichtigt als eine einfache Biegung.Advantageously, in the method according to the invention, a backbend in the determination of the degree of ripeness is taken into account more than a simple bending.
Zudem ist es von Vorteil, wenn bei dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren der Umschlingungswinkel bei der abschnittsweisen Bestimmung des Reifegrads berücksichtigt wird. Dadurch kann die Ermittlung der Ablegereife noch präziser erfolgen.In addition, it is advantageous if, in the method according to the invention, the wrap angle is taken into account in the section-wise determination of the degree of ripeness. Thus, the determination of the Ablegereife can be made even more precise.
Des Weiteren ist es auch von Vorteil, wenn bei dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren der Durchmesser der Umlenkrollen bei der abschnittsweisen Bestimmung des Reifegrads berücksichtigt wird. Auch dadurch kann die Ermittlung der Ablegereife noch präziser erfolgen.Furthermore, it is also advantageous if, in the method according to the invention, the diameter of the deflection rollers is taken into account in the section-wise determination of the degree of ripeness. This also allows the determination of the Ablegereife made even more precise.
Zur Lösung der Aufgabe wird ferner vorgeschlagen, dass bei dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren eine Servicemeldung erzeugt wird, wenn der Reifegrad für einen der Abschnitte einen bestimmten Wert überschritten hat. Auf diese Weise kann auf regelmässige manuelle Kontrollen des mit dem Verfahren ermittelten Reifegrads der Ablegereife verzichtet werden.To solve the problem it is further proposed that in the inventive method, a service message is generated when the maturity level for one of the sections has exceeded a certain value. In this way it is possible to dispense with regular manual checks of the maturity level of the discardability determined by the method.
Nach einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung wird das Tragmittel zusätzlich mit einer optischen Kontrolleinrichtung überwacht. Dadurch kann die Ermittlung der Ablegereife noch präziser und sicherer erfolgen.According to a further feature of the invention, the support means is additionally monitored by an optical control device. Thus, the determination of the Ablegereife can be made even more precise and secure.
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung mit mehreren Ausführungsbeispielen anhand von siebenIn the following the invention with several embodiments with reference to seven
Figuren weiter erläutert.
Figur 1- zeigt eine vereinfachte Darstellung eines Aufzugs mit einer Treibscheibe.
Figur 2- zeigt das Zählprinzip für einen Aufzug gemäss
.Figur 1 Figur 3- zeigt eine vereinfachte Darstellung eines Aufzugs mit vier Umlenkrollen.
Figur 4- zeigt eine Tabelle und ein Diagramm mit vier Fahrten des Aufzugs gemäss
.Figur 3 Figur 5- zeigt nochmals das Diagramm mit den vier Fahrten des Aufzugs und darunter eine Fahrtentabelle.
Figur 6- zeigt ein Diagramm mit den Positionen der Umlenkrollen auf den einzelnen Seilabschnitten.
Figur 7- zeigt ein Flussdiagramm für das Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Ablegereife eines Tragmittels eines Aufzugs.
- FIG. 1
- shows a simplified representation of an elevator with a traction sheave.
- FIG. 2
- shows the counting principle for a lift according to
FIG. 1 , - FIG. 3
- shows a simplified illustration of an elevator with four pulleys.
- FIG. 4
- shows a table and a diagram with four trips of the elevator according to
FIG. 3 , - FIG. 5
- shows again the diagram with the four rides of the elevator and below a trip table.
- FIG. 6
- shows a diagram with the positions of the pulleys on the individual cable sections.
- FIG. 7
- shows a flowchart for the method for determining the Ablegereife a support means of a lift.
Um die Lebensdauer eines Tragmittels, beispielsweise eines Aramidseils, zu bestimmen, werden im Vorfeld entsprechende Versuche durchgeführt und Erfahrungswerte herangezogen. Insbesondere haben die Anordnung der Treibscheibe, der Umlenkrollen, die Seilführung, der Umschlingungswinkel, der Treibscheiben- und die Umlenkrollendurchmesser einen Einfluss auf die Standfestigkeit beziehungsweise den Verschleiss. Die daraus gewonnenen Erkenntnisse führen zu einer Biegezykluszahl, die angibt wie viele Biegezyklen maximal zulässig sind, bevor das Tragmittel ablegereif ist. Die Biegezykluszahl wird im Folgenden auch als Grenzbiegezykluszahl bezeichnet. Je öfter also das Tragmittel gebogen wird, desto grösser ist dessen Verschleiss.In order to determine the service life of a suspension element, for example an aramid rope, corresponding tests are carried out in advance and empirical values are used. In particular, the arrangement of the traction sheave, the deflection rollers, the cable guide, the wrap angle, the traction sheave and the Umlenkrollendurchmesser have an impact on the stability or the wear. The knowledge gained from this leads to a bending cycle number that indicates the maximum number of bending cycles that are permitted before the suspension element is ready for disposal. The bending cycle number is also referred to below as the limit bending cycle number. The more often the suspension element is bent, the greater is its wear.
Um sicher zu stellen, dass die Lebensdauer und damit die Ablegereife des Tragmittels möglichst präzise ermittelt werden kann, spielt die zulässige Anzahl Biegezyklen desjenigen Tragmittelabschnitts, der am meisten beanspruchten wird, eine besondere Rolle. Solange die Biegzykluszahl des am meisten beanspruchten Tragmittelabschnitts nicht überschritten wird, braucht das Tragmittel noch nicht ausgewechselt zu werden.To ensure that the service life and thus the Ablegereife the support means can be determined as precisely as possible, the permissible number of bending cycles of that support means section, which is the most stressed plays a special role. As long as the Bending cycle number of the most heavily loaded support means section is not exceeded, the support means need not be replaced.
Bei den hier beschriebenen Ausführungsformen der Erfindung werden alle Arten von Rollen als Umlenkrollen bezeichnet. So sollen zum Beispiel auch Ablenkrollen unter den Begriff Umlenkrollen fallen.In the embodiments of the invention described herein, all types of rollers are referred to as pulleys. For example, deflection rollers should fall under the term deflection rollers.
In
Zur Ermittlung der Ablegereife des Tragmittels 5 wird zuerst das Tragmittel 5 in so viele Abschnitte Ai aufgeteilt wie es Stockwerke gibt. Dann wird jedem Stockwerk jener Abschnitt des Tragmittels zugeordnet, welcher auf der Treibscheibe 20 liegt, wenn die Kabine 8 im entsprechenden Stockwerk steht. So wird beispielsweise demjenigen Tragmittelabschnitt, der auf der Treibscheibe 20 liegt, wenn die Kabine sich im Stockwerk 12 befindet, die Abschnittnummer A12 zugeordnet.To determine the Ablegereife the support means 5, the support means 5 is first divided into as many sections Ai as there are floors. Then each floor is assigned that portion of the suspension element which lies on the
Zudem wird jedem Stockwerk beziehungsweise dem entsprechenden Tragmittelabschnitt ein Speicherplatz zugeordnet, in welchem jede Einfahrt zum Stockwerk, jede Ausfahrt vom Stockwerk in entgegen gesetzter Richtung sowie jede Durchfahrt des entsprechenden Stockwerkes gezählt wird. In
Fährt die Aufzugskabine 8 von der untersten Haltestelle (Stockwerk -2) nach oben, läuft der erste Seilabschnitt A1 über die Treibscheibe 20. Fährt die Aufzugskabine 8 hingegen von der obersten Haltestelle (Stockwerk 22) nach unten, läuft der Seilabschnitt A24 über die Treibscheibe 20.If the
Im Beispiel in
Rechts in
Zur Erfassung der Biegezyklen können die Ruf-Informationen aus der Aufzugsteuerung 31 verwendet und ausgewertet werden. Dazu kann zum Beispiel ein Gray Code verwendet werden.To record the bending cycles, the call information from the
Die beschriebene Ausführungsform kann sowohl in die Aufzugsteuerung 31 integriert oder als separates Gerät ausgeführt sein, welches mit einer entsprechenden Schnittstelle zur Aufzugsteuerung 31 ausgestattet ist. Über die Schnittstelle können dann die Stockwerkinformationen übertragen werden. Die Aufzugsteuerung 31 und die Auswerteeinheit 32 können im selben Gehäuse oder auch in der selben Baugruppe zusammengefasst sein.The described embodiment can be integrated into the
Jeder Fahrt von einem Stockwerk zum anderen ist jener Seilabschnitt dem Stockwerk zugeordnet, welcher bei der entsprechenden Fahrt über die Treibscheibe und die Umlenkrolle gebogen wird. Mit dem Biegewechselzähler werden die Biegewechsel jedes Seilabschnitts gezählt. Massgebend für die Seillebensdauer ist jener Seilabschnitt mit den meisten Biegewechseln.Each trip from one floor to the other is assigned to the cable section of the floor, which is bent at the appropriate drive on the traction sheave and the pulley. With the bending counter, the bending changes of each section of rope are counted. Decisive for the rope life is that rope section with the most bending changes.
Bei einem Umhängungsfaktor = 2, das heisst einer 2:1 Aufhängung, gelten die obigen Betrachtungen ebenfalls. Die einzelnen Seilabschnitte können zusätzlich zu den Biegungen über die Treibscheibe mit Biegungen über die Seilrollen am Gegengewicht oder auf der Kabine belastet werden. Die Seilrollen werden hier auch als Pulleys oder Umlenkrollen bezeichnet.With a hinge factor = 2, ie a 2: 1 suspension, the above considerations apply as well. The individual cable sections can be loaded in addition to the bends over the traction sheave with bends over the pulleys on the counterweight or on the cabin. The pulleys are also referred to here as Pulleys or pulleys.
In der hier beschriebenen zweiten Ausführungsform werden diese Biegungen nicht separat gezählt. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass jeder Seilabschnitt sowohl über die Treibscheibe als auch über die Pulleys am Gegengewicht oder der Kabine gebogen wird. Aus diesem Grund wird von Biegezyklen und nicht von Biegewechseln gesprochen. Ein Biegezyklus enthält sowohl die Biegung über die Treibscheibe als auch die Biegungen über die entsprechenden Pulleys. Bei den Lebensdauerversuchen werden Biegezyklen (Biegung des gleichen Seilstückes über Treibscheibe und Pulleys) geprüft. Daher ist diese Zählweise ausreichend sicher. Es besteht aber auch die Möglichkeit die einzelnen Biegungen über die Treibscheibe und die Pulleys separat zu zählen (siehe dritte Ausführungsform).In the second embodiment described here, these bends are not counted separately. It is assumed that each section of cable is bent over both the traction sheave and the pulleys on the counterweight or cab. For this reason, it is spoken of bending cycles and not bending bends. A bending cycle includes both the bending over the traction sheave and the bends over the corresponding ones Pulleys. In the service life tests, bending cycles (bending of the same rope piece via traction sheave and pulleys) are tested. Therefore, this counting method is sufficiently secure. However, it is also possible to count the individual bends separately via the traction sheave and the pulleys (see third embodiment).
Vorteilhafter Weise wird für jedes Aufzugs-Layout (Disposition) durch entsprechende Lebensdauertests mit definierten Treibscheiben- und Pulley-Durchmessern eine eigene Grenzbiegezyklenzahl bestimmt.Advantageously, a separate limit bending cycle number is determined for each elevator layout (disposition) by appropriate life tests with defined traction sheave and pulley diameters.
In
In
Aus der in
Anhand der folgenden Formel ist beispielhaft angegeben, wie sich für das Pulley 1 dessen aktuelle Position (PosPulley1) auf dem Seil 5 berechnen lässt:
Wobei gilt:
- H3 =
Abstand zwischen Umlenkrolle 1 und Treibscheibe 2 - H4 =
Abstand zwischen Seilanfang 6 und Treibscheibe 2 - HQ = Stockwerkshöhe
Where:
- H3 = distance between
pulley 1 andtraction sheave 2 - H4 = distance between rope beginning 6 and
traction sheave 2 - HQ = floor height
In einer Initialisierungsphase (S1, S2) wird das Seil 5 in N Abschnitte A1 bis AN aufgeteilt und es werden jedem Stockwerk 0 - 50 die Positionen der Pulleys 1 bis 4 auf dem Seil zugeordnet. Dabei bildet die Befestigungsstelle 6 den Nullpunkt oder Bezugspunkt. Satt dessen kann der Bezugspunkt aber auch irgend eine andere Stelle, wie beispielsweise der Befestigungspunkt 7 sein. Danach wird für jede Fahrt F1 bis F4 und jedes Pulley 1 bis 4 die überrollte Seillänge festgehalten (siehe
Für jeden Seilabschnitt A1 bis AN (dieser kann je nach Anforderung beliebig gross oder klein sein) wird laufend die Anzahl der Überrollungen durch die Pulleys 1 bis 4 aufgezeichnet (
Jene Seilabschnitte mit den meisten beziehungsweise schädlichsten Biegewechseln können jederzeit erkannt werden. Es kann eine Limite für die zulässige Schädigung, das heisst für die zulässige Anzahl Biegewechsel gesetzt werden. Ist diese Anzahl erreicht (S5), kann eine Servicemeldung ausgegeben werden (S6), um anzuzeigen, dass das Tragmittel ausgetauscht werden sollte. Es kann aber auch lediglich der Abschnitt am Seil bestimmt werden, welcher die grösste Schädigung erhalten hat. Im letzteren Fall kann dieser Seilabschnitt dann visuell oder mittels Hilfsgeräten, z.B. magnetinduktiv inspiziert werden.Those cable sections with the most or most damaging bending changes can be detected at any time. A limit can be set for the permissible damage, ie for the permissible number of bending changes. When this number is reached (S5), a service message can be issued (S6) to indicate that the suspension means should be replaced. But it can also be determined only the section on the rope, which has received the greatest damage. In the latter case, this cable section can then be visually or by means of auxiliary equipment, e.g. magnetically inspected.
Rückbiegungen, welche auch als Gegenbiegungen bezeichnet werden, lassen das Tragmittel 5 schneller verschleissen und werden daher in
wobei gilt:
- SB = die Anzahl der einfachen Biegungen
- RB = die Anzahl der Rückbiegungen.
where:
- SB = the number of simple bends
- RB = the number of reverse bends.
Ein Tragmittelabschnitt Ai unterliegt einer einfachen Biegung, wenn dieser Tragmittelabschnitt Ai an einer der Umlenkrollen oder auf der Treibscheibe in eine erste Richtung gebogen wird. Wird dieser Tragmittelabschnitt Ai zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt in die entgegen gesetzte Richtung gebogen, unterliegt dieser Tragmittelabschnitt Ai dann auch einer Rückbiegung. So unterliegt beispielsweise der Tragmittelabschnitt, der sich bei der in
Ob es sich um eine einfache Biegung oder eine Rückbiegung handelt, ergibt sich aus dem Aufzugslayout und der Hubhöhe. Die Auswerteeinheit 32 (
Der Durchmesser der Umlenkrollen ist mit dem Bezugszeichen D gekennzeichnet. Wie bereits weiter oben erwähnt, kann der Durchmesser D der Umlenkrollen bei der Ermittlung der Ablegereife berücksichtigt werden. Daneben kann auch der Umschlingungswinkel bei der Ermittlung der Ablegereife berücksichtigt werden. So kann beispielsweise der Gewichtungsfaktor GF auf den Durchmesser D der Umlenkrolle bezogen sein. Für eine Umlenkrolle mit einem kleinen Durchmesser D wird der Gewichtungsfaktor GF grösser gewählt als bei einer Umlenkrolle mit einem grossen Durchmesser D. Ebenso kann der Gewichtungsfaktor GF auf den Umschlingungswinkel der Treibscheibe bezogen sein. Ist der Umschlingungswinkel des Tragmittels auf der Treibscheibe gross, wird der Gewichtungsfaktor GF kleiner gewählt als wenn der Umschlingungswinkel des Tragmittels auf der Treibscheibe klein ist. Zudem kann der Gewichtungsfaktor auf die am Tragmittel hängende Last bezogen sein. Je grösser diese Last ist, desto grösser wird auch der Gewichtungsfaktor GF gewählt.The diameter of the deflection rollers is marked with the reference symbol D. As already mentioned above, the diameter D of the pulleys can be taken into account when determining the Ablegereife. In addition, the wrap angle can also be taken into account when determining the expiry date. For example, the weighting factor GF can be related to the diameter D of the deflection roller. For a deflection roller with a small diameter D, the weighting factor GF is chosen larger than in the case of a deflection roller with a large diameter D. Likewise, the weighting factor GF can be related to the wrap angle of the traction sheave. If the wrap angle of the suspension element on the traction sheave is large, the weighting factor GF is selected to be smaller than if the wrap angle of the suspension element on the traction sheave is small. In addition, the weighting factor can be related to the load hanging on the suspension element. The larger this load, the greater the weighting factor GF is chosen.
Für einen Umhängungsfaktor > 2 kann analog vorgegangen werden.For a Umhängungsfaktor> 2 can proceed analogously.
Bisher war die maximale Anzahl Biegewechsel des am meisten beanspruchten Seilstückes sehr schwierig festzustellen, da die Verkehrsmuster jedes Aufzuges unterschiedlich sind und demzufolge nicht offensichtlich ist, welches Tragmittelstück mit den meisten Biegewechseln beaufschlagt wird. Die Anzahl Fahrten eines Aufzuges geben auch keinen Hinweis darauf. Ein Vorteil der Erfindung liegt darin, dass die Seile sehr individuell abgelegt und damit voll ausgenützt werden können. Würde die Ablegereife anhand der Fahrtenzahlen oder durch Abschätzung bestimmt werden, müssten Reserven eingebaut werden, welche im Unterhalt hohe Kosten verursachen könnten. Mit der vorliegenden Erfindung kann die Ablegereife von Tragmitteln, zum Beispiel von Stahlseilen, Aramidseilen, Gurten oder Riemen mit Zugsträngen aus Stahllitzen oder Kunstfasern festgestellt werden.So far, the maximum number of bending changes of the most stressed rope piece was very difficult to determine, since the traffic patterns of each elevator are different and therefore it is not obvious which support center piece is subjected to the most bending changes. The number of rides of a lift also give no indication. An advantage of the invention is that the ropes can be stored very individually and thus fully exploited. If the discard condition were determined on the basis of the number of journeys or by estimation, reserves would have to be built in which could cause high costs in maintenance. With the present invention, the Ablegereife of suspension elements, for example, steel cables, Aramidseilen, straps or belts with tension strands of steel strands or synthetic fibers can be found.
Das Tragmittel 5 kann zusätzlich auch mit einer optischen Kontrolleinrichtung 30 (
Die vorhergehende Beschreibung der Ausführungsbeispiele gemäss der vorliegenden Erfindung dient nur zu illustrativen Zwecken und nicht zum Zwecke der Beschränkung der Erfmdung. Im Rahmen der Erfindung sind verschiedene Änderungen, Kombinationen der Ausführungsformen und Modifikationen möglich, ohne den Umfang der Erfindung sowie ihre Äquivalente zu verlassen.The foregoing description of the embodiments according to the present invention is for illustrative purposes only, and not for the purpose of limiting the invention. Within the scope of the invention, various changes, combinations of the embodiments and modifications are possible without departing from the scope of the invention and its equivalents.
Claims (9)
bei dem das Tragmittel (5) über eine Treibscheibe (2; 20) und/oder eine oder mehrere Umlenkrollen (1, 3, 4) geführt wird und eine Kabine (8) mit einem Gegengewicht (9) verbindet,
das folgende Schritte umfasst:
in which the suspension element (5) is guided via a traction sheave (2; 20) and / or one or more deflecting rollers (1, 3, 4) and connects a cabin (8) to a counterweight (9),
the following steps include:
bei dem die Art der Biegung (SB, RB) ermittelt und bei der abschnittsweisen Bestimmung des Reifegrads (R(Ai)) berücksichtigt wird.Method according to claim 1,
in which the type of bending (SB, RB) is determined and taken into account in the section-wise determination of the degree of maturity (R (Ai)).
bei dem zur Ermittlung der Art der Biegung (SB, RB) erfasst wird, welche Umlenkrolle (2, 3) welche Biegung verursacht.Method according to claim 2,
in which for determining the type of bending (SB, RB) is detected, which deflection roller (2, 3) which causes bending.
bei dem eine Rückbiegung (RB) bei der Bestimmung des Reifegrads (R(Ai)) stärker berücksichtigt wird als eine einfache Biegung (SB).Method according to claim 3,
in which a return bend (RB) in the determination of the degree of ripeness (R (Ai)) is taken into account more than a simple bend (SB).
bei dem ein Umschlingungswinkel und/oder ein Durchmesser der Umlenkrollen (1, 3, 4) bei der abschnittsweisen Bestimmung des Reifegrads (R(Ai)) berücksichtigt wird.Method according to one of the claims 1 to 4,
in which a wrap angle and / or a diameter of the deflection rollers (1, 3, 4) is taken into account in the section-wise determination of the degree of maturity (R (Ai)).
bei dem eine Servicemeldung erzeugt wird, wenn der Reifegrad (R(Ai)) für einen der Abschnitte (A1 - AN) einen bestimmten Wert überschritten hat.Method according to one of claims 1 to 5,
in which a service message is generated when the degree of maturity (R (Ai)) for one of the sections (A1 - AN) has exceeded a certain value.
bei dem der Aufzug ausser Betrieb gesetzt wird, wenn der Reifegrad (R(Ai)) für einen der Abschnitte (A1 - AN) einen bestimmten Wert überschritten hat.Method according to one of claims 1 to 6,
in which the elevator is put out of operation when the degree of ripeness (R (Ai)) for one of the sections (A1 - AN) has exceeded a certain value.
bei dem das Tragmittel (5) zusätzlich mit einer optischen Kontrolleinrichtung (30) überwacht wird.Method according to one of the claims 1 to 7,
in which the suspension element (5) is additionally monitored by an optical control device (30).
Priority Applications (1)
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EP12197675.7A EP2592035B1 (en) | 2008-07-18 | 2009-07-15 | Method and device for determining the state of wear of a load carrier of an elevator |
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EP08160740 | 2008-07-18 | ||
EP09797506A EP2303749B1 (en) | 2008-07-18 | 2009-07-15 | Method and device for determining the degree of service life use of a carrying means of an elevator |
EP12197675.7A EP2592035B1 (en) | 2008-07-18 | 2009-07-15 | Method and device for determining the state of wear of a load carrier of an elevator |
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EP09797506A Division EP2303749B1 (en) | 2008-07-18 | 2009-07-15 | Method and device for determining the degree of service life use of a carrying means of an elevator |
EP09797506.4 Division | 2009-07-15 |
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EP12197675.7A Active EP2592035B1 (en) | 2008-07-18 | 2009-07-15 | Method and device for determining the state of wear of a load carrier of an elevator |
EP09797506A Active EP2303749B1 (en) | 2008-07-18 | 2009-07-15 | Method and device for determining the degree of service life use of a carrying means of an elevator |
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US (1) | US9643816B2 (en) |
EP (2) | EP2592035B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102099279B (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0915982B1 (en) |
ES (2) | ES2404854T3 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1156292A1 (en) |
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CN103204417B (en) * | 2012-01-12 | 2015-08-19 | 上海三菱电梯有限公司 | Elevator drive rope sheave wear detector and method of inspection |
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JP2015037997A (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2015-02-26 | 東芝エレベータ株式会社 | Rope deterioration diagnostic method and elevator device |
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- 2009-07-15 BR BRPI0915982A patent/BRPI0915982B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2009-07-15 EP EP09797506A patent/EP2303749B1/en active Active
- 2009-07-15 PT PT121976757T patent/PT2592035T/en unknown
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ES2404854T3 (en) | 2013-05-29 |
HK1156292A1 (en) | 2012-06-08 |
EP2303749B1 (en) | 2013-02-13 |
PT2592035T (en) | 2016-09-21 |
CN102099279B (en) | 2014-03-12 |
CN102099279A (en) | 2011-06-15 |
EP2303749A1 (en) | 2011-04-06 |
US9643816B2 (en) | 2017-05-09 |
WO2010007112A1 (en) | 2010-01-21 |
BRPI0915982B1 (en) | 2019-12-17 |
EP2592035B1 (en) | 2016-06-15 |
ES2592223T3 (en) | 2016-11-28 |
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US20110172932A1 (en) | 2011-07-14 |
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