EP2303491B1 - Rouleau de corset de guidage modulaire - Google Patents

Rouleau de corset de guidage modulaire Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2303491B1
EP2303491B1 EP09768942A EP09768942A EP2303491B1 EP 2303491 B1 EP2303491 B1 EP 2303491B1 EP 09768942 A EP09768942 A EP 09768942A EP 09768942 A EP09768942 A EP 09768942A EP 2303491 B1 EP2303491 B1 EP 2303491B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
roller
flow channel
channels
roller module
flow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP09768942A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2303491A1 (fr
Inventor
Erich Hovestädt
Peter Jonen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SMS Siemag AG
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SMS Siemag AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SMS Siemag AG filed Critical SMS Siemag AG
Publication of EP2303491A1 publication Critical patent/EP2303491A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2303491B1 publication Critical patent/EP2303491B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/12Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
    • B22D11/128Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for removing
    • B22D11/1287Rolls; Lubricating, cooling or heating rolls while in use
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/12Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
    • B22D11/128Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for removing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F5/00Elements specially adapted for movement
    • F28F5/02Rotary drums or rollers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a strand guiding device of a continuous casting plant with a modular strand guiding roll according to the features of patent claim 1.
  • a strand guide role is from the EP 1 485 218 B1 known, however, starting from the object of the invention, on a rotary feedthrough for thedeementzu- and deduction of at least one end rotatably mounted with bearing pins in bearing blocks support and / or transport roller, in particular in a continuous casting.
  • the water-cooled support and / or transport roller has, in the outer region, axially extending channels and channels leading into or out of them and leading to a central distribution system.
  • the central distribution system consists of a central bore in the support and / or transport roller and arranged therein, a tubular conduit having a central supply channel for the cooling water and forms with the central bore an annular channel for the discharge of the cooling water.
  • the strand guide roller disclosed in this document consists of two or more roller sections, each roller section of which is mounted end-to-end. Such end-side storage of the individual roller sections is costly and claimed in the maintenance of the strand guide device a considerable effort for assembly and disassembly of the storage units.
  • strand guide devices can not be converted to other casting machine widths without considerable effort because of such end-side mounting of the roller sections.
  • WO 2007/121821 A1 is a consisting of at least two roller sections strand guide role of a strand guide device is known, on which a casting cast by a strand strand is guided, after which a plug connection is formed between the two roller sections and only one bearing is provided, which is designed as an undivided single bearing.
  • the flow channel for the cooling medium that extends only substantially over the width of the strand guide roll does not exhibit a sufficient cooling effect of the strand guide roll.
  • the near-surface region of the strand guide roller does not experience the necessary cooling in order to reduce the resulting wear of the strand guide roller from the chemical and mechanical stress.
  • the centrically extending flow channel therefore serves primarily to cool the bearing inner rings in the journal region of the strand guide roller or the roller sections.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method for operating a strand guiding device of a continuous casting with a modular strand guide roller in which the strand guiding device can be converted to different Strangg screenlessnessn without significant effort and in which, the life of the strand guide roller improving cooling effect and adress perpetratung the cooling effect on the strand or slabs is achieved.
  • the invention is an object of the invention to provide a method with which a relatively inexpensive maintenance can be achieved by the modular strand guide roller.
  • the invention is further based on the object to provide a method for operating a strand guiding device, which, in view of an increase in service life and easier maintenance, has improved strand guide rollers.
  • the characteristic features of the method according to the invention lead to a homogenization of the cooling effect on the strand or on the slabs.
  • the flow channels formed in the near-surface region of each roller module are present in pairs.
  • the coolant flows counter to the flow direction of the flowing in the centrally extending flow channels coolant and in a second flow channel of the paired flow channels, the coolant flows in the flow direction of flowing in the centrally extending flow channels coolant.
  • an open cooling circuit is formed in each roller module.
  • a chamber is formed, which serves for the deflection of the coolant within the first and the following roller modules.
  • the chambers are sealed to the outside with a lid sealing, so that no coolant can escape.
  • the respective first flow channel of the paired flow channels is further connected via a corresponding first connecting channel with the first concentrically extending flow channel and the respective second flow channel of the paired flow channels is connected via a corresponding second connecting channel with the second concentrically extending flow channel.
  • the connection is on the one hand made such that the first connection channel connects the inflow-side outlet of the first centrally extending flow channel with the downstream inlet of the relevant flow channel of the paired flow channels and on the other such that the second connection channel the inlet side of the second respective flow channel of the pair Flow channels with the downstream inlet of the second centrically extending flow channel connects.
  • the second centrically extending flow channel of the first roller module and the first centrically extending flow channel of the second roller module are connected via a sleeve with a plug connection between the first and second roller module, so that from the second centrically extending flow channel of the first roller module, the coolant can flow into the first centric flow channel of the second roller module.
  • the second roller module and each further roller module of the strand guide roller is, as far as the entirety of the formation of the flow and connection channels, formed in an identical manner to the first roller module.
  • a first open coolant circuit is combined with a second open coolant circuit to a common open coolant circuit, wherein the first coolant circuit to a coolant inlet and the second coolant circuit can be connected to a coolant outlet.
  • peripheral flow channels these could be groupwise, e.g. as multi-thread, be arranged and operated. A first group could then serve for the flow and a second group for the return of the coolant.
  • strand guide roller 1 consists of a first roller module 2, a second roller module 3 and a third roller modules 4. All roller modules are according to the prior art document WO 2007/121821 A1 mounted to a strand guide roller, by a first connector between the second or middle roller module 3 and the inner roller journal 2.1 of the first roller module 2 and a second connector between the third roller module 4 and the inner roller journal 3.1 of the second or middle roller module. 3
  • the inner roller journal 2.1 of the first roller module 2 is in an undivided center bearing 5 and the inner roller journal 3.1 of the second or middle roller module 3 is received in an undivided center bearing 6.
  • Both center bearings 5, 6 are advantageously formed relatively short in their axial extent, whereby the transition region 7 between the roller modules 2, 3 and 3, 4 is also relatively short, so that advantageously a bulge of the cast metal strand (slab) minimized or significantly reduced.
  • the outer roller journal 2.2 of the roller module 2 and the outer roller journal 4.1 of the roller module 4 of the strand guide roller 1 is received in a respective outer bearing 8 and 9 respectively.
  • the second or middle roller module 3 is not in the center bearing 5 and the third roller module 4 is not accommodated in the center bearing 6.
  • a plug connection is provided as a connection between the respective roller modules 2, 3 and 3, 4, for example, a plug connection is provided.
  • the roller modules 3 and 4 on their the first roller module 2 and the second roller module 3 facing end face a recess 10, best seen in Fig. 6 , in which a, for example, ring-shaped component 23 is used against rotation.
  • a twisted against the actual roller pin extension 2.1.1 or 3.1.1 of the respective roller pin is positively connected to the device 23 connectable.
  • each roller module 2, 3, 4, a first and second centrally extending flow channel 11 and 12, respectively.
  • the flow channel 11 of the roller module 2 can be connected to a coolant inlet 13 and the flow channel 12 of the roller module 4 to a coolant outlet 14.
  • each of the roller modules further flow and connection channels, which together with the centrally extending flow channels 11, 12 in each roller module. 2 , 3, 4 and finally in each inventively designed strand guide roller 1 form an open cooling circuit.
  • axially extending flow channels 15, 16 are formed in the near-surface region of the metal strand leading and supporting outer circumference of each roller module 2, 3, via first connecting channels 17 and second connecting channels 18, the axially extending flow channels 15, 16 with the centrally extending flow channels 11, 12 connect to an open cooling circuit.
  • the cooling circuit is designed such that, as from Figure 3 shows, on the one hand, the flow channels 15, 16 pairs in the near-surface region, and are preferably distributed circumferentially distributed within each roller module 2, 3, 4, preferably, the one flow channel of the paired Flow channels 15, 16 is connected via the connecting channel 17 with the inflow-side outlet 11.1 of the flow channel 11 and the other flow channel of the paired flow channels 15, 16 is connected via the connecting channel 18 with the downstream inlet 12.1 of the flow channel 12.
  • the paired flow channels 15, 16 are each end individually or together by a lid 19 and 27, best seen in the Figures 2 . 5 and 6 sealed in such a way that they ensure a change in the flow direction of the coolant, in conjunction with corresponding chambers 20 formed on the front side in the relevant roller module.
  • the flow direction of the coolant 22 from the coolant inlet 13 to the coolant outlet 14 is represented by directional arrows.
  • the coolant 22 flowing into the flow channel 11 of the roller module 2 flows into the connection channel 17 at the end of the flow channel 11 and enters the flow channel 15 of the paired flow channels 15, 16.
  • the coolant 22 enters the flow channel 16 of the paired flow channels 15, 16 headed and passes via the connecting channel 18 in the downstream inlet 12.1 of the second centrally extending flow channel 12, from where it passes via the connecting sleeve 21 in the first centrally extending flow channel 11 of the roller module 3.
  • the further course of the flow of the coolant 22 in the roller modules 3 and 4 is analogous to the flow path to the flow pattern shown in the roller module 2, so that it can be dispensed with further explanations thereto.
  • Fig. 2 is the relevant design of the flow and connection channels of the roller module 2 with the representation of the flow direction of the coolant 22 according to the cutout "Z" in Fig. 1 shown enlarged.
  • Fig. 1 and 2 the same reference numerals are used.
  • sectional view along the line DD in Fig. 1 discloses the region of the connector between the roller module 2 and the roller module 3 and the paired in the near-surface region of the roller module 3 and axially extending flow channels 15 and 16 with removed cover 27.
  • the paired flow channels are each a flow channel 15 with inflowing coolant 22 and a flow channel 16 with outflowing coolant 22.
  • the paired flow channels 15, 16 are connected to each other by a respectively introduced in the roller module chamber 20.
  • the second centrically extending flow channel 12 is also shown.
  • the Figure 4 shows the roller module 3 in a sectional view along the line BB in Fig.1 arranged with the near-surface, paired flow channels 15 and 16 and the centrally disposed, first flow channel eleventh
  • FIG. 5 shows a side view of the in Figure 6 3.
  • the roller channels in the near-surface region of the roller module 3 arranged and axially extending flow channels 15, 16 are the end with one or a common cover 27 sealingly, preferably releasably, closed. Furthermore, the centrally extending flow channel 11; 12 of the roller module 3 shown.
  • the flow channel 11 is connected via the acute-angled connecting channels 17 with the relevant flow channels 15 of the paired flow channels 15, 16, while the flow channel 12 is connected via the acute-angled connecting channels 18 with the relevant flow channels 16 of the paired flow channels 15, 16.
  • the Fig. 6 shows a longitudinal section along the line CC in Figure 5 ,
  • the roller module 3 with roller pins 3.1 and 3.1 arranged in continuation of the roller pin 3.1 selbigem, preferably polygonal extension 3.1.1 shown.
  • the roller module 3 in addition to the already described in detail above arrangement of the flow and connection channels, a recess 10 which is located on the side facing away from the roller pin 3.1 end face.
  • an annular member 23 is inserted, which is secured by suitable securing means 24, for example, dowel pins against rotation.
  • the interior of the annular component 23 has, corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the extension 2.1.1 of the roller journal 2.1, a corresponding cross-section, for example in the manner of a polygon.
  • the inlet side of the central flow channel 11 is followed by a receiving bore 25 for the sleeve 21, sa Fig.1 ,
  • the receiving bore 25 is larger in diameter than the diameter of the centrally extending flow channel 11.
  • a receiving bore 26 serving the same purpose further comprises the extension 3.1.1 of the roller journal 3.1 from the roller module 3.
  • Figure 7 shows another side view of the in Figure 6 3 are shown in the near-surface area, analogous to the training gem.
  • Figure 5 the paired flow channels 15, 16 arranged around the flow channel 11 and 12 and closed by cap 19.
  • a purely in Figure 6 shown chamber 20 connects the two paired flow channels 15, 16, so that the flow of the coolant 22 undergoes a deflection therein.
  • the side view further shows the polygonal formation of the extension 3.1.1, the receiving bore 26 for the sleeve 21 and the centrally extending flow channel 12; 11th

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Procédé pour l'actionnement d'un mécanisme de guidage de barre comprenant des galets modulaires de guidage de barre (1) pour une barre métallique qui quitte un lingotière d'une installation de coulée continue, dans lequel au moins un galet de guidage de barre (1) comprend les caractéristiques suivantes :
    au moins un premier et un deuxième module de galet (2, 3) disposés l'un à côté de l'autre en direction axiale, le premier module de galet (2) présentant sur son côté frontal tourné vers le deuxième module de galet (2), un axe de galet (2.1) disposé en position centrale ;
    un palier médian (5) qui est disposé entre le premier et le deuxième module de galet (2, 3) pour la réception et le logement de l'axe de galet (2.1) du premier module de galet (2) ;
    une fiche de raccordement réalisée entre le premier module de galet (3) et l'axe de galet (2.1) du premier module de galet (2) pour la connexion réciproque par enfichage du premier et du deuxième module de galet (2, 3) et un canal d'écoulement s'étendant en direction radiale et disposé en position centrale dans les modules de galet (2, 3) pour le guidage d'un agent réfrigérant (21) ;
    un canal d'écoulement disposé en position centrale et s'étendant en direction axiale, qui est constitué par un premier canal d'écoulement séparé (11) et par un deuxième canal d'écoulement séparé (12) ;
    des canaux d'écoulement (15, 16) dans la zone proche de la surface de la périphérie externe de chaque module de galet (2, 3) guidant et supportant la barre métallique ;
    des premiers canaux de liaison (17) qui relient les canaux d'écoulement correspondants (15) au premier canal d'écoulement séparé (11) et des deuxièmes canaux d'écoulement (18) qui relient les canaux d'écoulement correspondants (16) au deuxième canal d'écoulement séparé (12) ;
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'agent réfrigérant s'écoule, dans le cas de galets de guidage de barre voisins, dans le cas de segments de galets voisins ou dans le cas du cadre supérieur et inférieur d'un segment, respectivement en direction opposée.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les canaux d'écoulement (15, 16) s'étendent par paires.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'agent réfrigérant (22) est dévié à travers une chambre (20) disposée à au moins une extrémité de chacun des canaux d'écoulement (15, 16) s'étendant par paires.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les canaux d'écoulement (15, 16) et les chambres (20) sont fermés vers l'extérieur de manière hermétique, respectivement de manière amovible, avec chaque fois un couvercle annulaire propre ou commun (19), respectivement (27).
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les canaux d'écoulement correspondants (15) des canaux d'écoulement (15, 16) s'étendant par paires sont reliés via les canaux de liaison (17) au premier canal d'écoulement respectif (11), et
    les canaux d'écoulement correspondants (16) des canaux d'écoulement (15, 16) s'étendant par paires sont reliés via les canaux de liaison (18) au premier canal d'écoulement respectif (12).
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'entrée (15.1) côté évacuation du canal d'écoulement correspondant (15) des canaux d'écoulement (15, 16) s'étendant par paires est reliée au canal de liaison respectif (17) de la sortie (11.1) côté amenée du premier canal d'écoulement (11).
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 5,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'entrée (12.1) côté évacuation du deuxième canal d'écoulement (12) est reliée au canal de liaison respectif (18) de la sortie (16.1) côté amenée du canal d'écoulement correspondant (16) des canaux d'écoulement (15, 16) s'étendant par paires.
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le canal d'écoulement (11) du premier module de galet (2) est raccordé à une amenée d'agent réfrigérant (13) et le deuxième canal d'écoulement (12) du module de galet correspondant est raccordé à une évacuation d'agent réfrigérant (14).
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le deuxième canal d'écoulement (12) du premier module de galet (2) est relié via un manchon (21) au premier canal d'écoulement (11) du deuxième module de galet (3).
  10. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 9,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la direction d'écoulement de l'agent réfrigérant (21) du module de galet respectif (2, 3) est déviée.
  11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le premier et le deuxième canal d'écoulement séparé (11, 12) sont réalisés respectivement sous la forme de tronçons d'un seul et même canal d'écoulement central et ne sont séparés l'un de l'autre que par une fermeture, par exemple un bouchon.
  12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'agent réfrigérant est guidé à travers les canaux d'écoulement (15, 16) parallèlement à l'axe, en spirale ou sous la forme d'une fente annulaire dans la zone des modules de galets, proche de la surface.
EP09768942A 2008-06-26 2009-06-18 Rouleau de corset de guidage modulaire Active EP2303491B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008029944A DE102008029944A1 (de) 2008-06-26 2008-06-26 Modulare Strangführungsrolle
PCT/EP2009/004396 WO2009156093A1 (fr) 2008-06-26 2009-06-18 Rouleau de corset de guidage modulaire

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2303491A1 EP2303491A1 (fr) 2011-04-06
EP2303491B1 true EP2303491B1 (fr) 2013-02-27

Family

ID=40974651

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09768942A Active EP2303491B1 (fr) 2008-06-26 2009-06-18 Rouleau de corset de guidage modulaire

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US20110114282A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2303491B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2011525425A (fr)
KR (1) KR20110020937A (fr)
CN (1) CN102076444A (fr)
CA (1) CA2728860A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102008029944A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2011102741A (fr)
TW (1) TW201018535A (fr)
WO (1) WO2009156093A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA201008851B (fr)

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DE102011003194A1 (de) * 2010-05-19 2011-11-24 Sms Siemag Ag Rolleneinrichtung
KR101189517B1 (ko) 2010-06-11 2012-10-10 주식회사 포스코 내부 냉각식 가이드 롤
DE102011084231A1 (de) * 2011-10-10 2013-04-11 Sms Siemag Ag Rollenlinie für eine Stranggießanlage sowie Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Rollenlinie
CN102728798B (zh) * 2012-06-29 2014-01-29 秦皇岛首秦金属材料有限公司 一种连铸机扇形段水道改造方法
RU2550446C2 (ru) * 2012-07-04 2015-05-10 Актиеболагет Скф Оболочка ролика, роликовая направляющая линия и устройство для непрерывной разливки
RU2553140C2 (ru) * 2012-07-04 2015-06-10 Актиеболагет Скф Распределяющий элемент, роликовая линия и устройство для непрерывной разливки
RU2553139C2 (ru) * 2012-07-04 2015-06-10 Актиеболагет Скф Распределяющий элемент, роликовая линия и устройство для непрерывной разливки
EP2687303A1 (fr) * 2012-07-20 2014-01-22 SMS Concast AG Agencement de rouleau pour une installation de coulée continue
CN102825226B (zh) * 2012-08-20 2015-08-19 中国重型机械研究院股份公司 一种扇形段自由辊冷却水配管结构
AT513431B1 (de) 2012-09-28 2015-10-15 Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH Gekühlte, mehrfach gelagerte Strangführungsrolle
DE202013004842U1 (de) 2013-05-25 2013-06-05 Sms Siemag Aktiengesellschaft Rolle zum Führen eines Metallstrangs oder Metallbands
WO2015034421A1 (fr) 2013-09-04 2015-03-12 Aktiebolaget Skf Ensemble de lignes de rouleaux pour une coulée continue
JP2015093303A (ja) * 2013-11-13 2015-05-18 新日鐵住金株式会社 連続鋳造用ロール
SE1450619A1 (sv) * 2014-05-23 2015-11-24 Skf Ab Valsmodul och valslinje för en stränggjutningsmaskin
DE102018211071A1 (de) * 2018-05-08 2019-11-14 Sms Group Gmbh Innengekühlte Stützrolle für die Strangführung einer Stranggießanlage
CN109047699A (zh) * 2018-10-24 2018-12-21 东北大学 一种凝固末端重压下循环冷却凸型辊
US20220364223A1 (en) * 2021-05-11 2022-11-17 Applied Materials, Inc. Roller for transporting a flexible substrate, vacuum processing apparatus, and method of cooling a roller

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DE1811690A1 (de) * 1968-11-29 1970-07-02 Krauss Maffei Ag Kalanderwalze mit Heizkanaelen
US5651410A (en) * 1991-01-04 1997-07-29 Davy Mckee (Sheffield) Limited Cooling roll
GB9123666D0 (en) * 1991-11-07 1992-01-02 British Steel Plc Cooling of rollers
US5649889A (en) * 1994-10-06 1997-07-22 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Stress alleviating guide roll for high temperature applications
DE10211802C1 (de) 2002-03-16 2003-10-02 Thyssenkrupp Stahl Ag Drehdurchführung für die Kühlwasserzu- und -ableitung einer endseitig drehgelagerten Stütz- und/oder Transportrolle
US6892793B2 (en) * 2003-01-08 2005-05-17 Alcoa Inc. Caster roll
AT412327B (de) * 2003-04-23 2005-01-25 Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen Strangführungsrolle
AT412851B (de) 2003-07-18 2005-08-25 Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen Innengekühlte strangführungsrolle
DE102006040011A1 (de) 2006-04-21 2007-10-25 Sms Demag Ag Strangführungsrolle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2011525425A (ja) 2011-09-22
RU2011102741A (ru) 2012-08-10
WO2009156093A1 (fr) 2009-12-30
KR20110020937A (ko) 2011-03-03
CN102076444A (zh) 2011-05-25
CA2728860A1 (fr) 2009-12-30
US20110114282A1 (en) 2011-05-19
DE102008029944A1 (de) 2009-12-31
TW201018535A (en) 2010-05-16
EP2303491A1 (fr) 2011-04-06
ZA201008851B (en) 2011-08-31

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