EP2285999B1 - Gegenstand sowie ein verfahren zur herstellung des artikels - Google Patents
Gegenstand sowie ein verfahren zur herstellung des artikels Download PDFInfo
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- EP2285999B1 EP2285999B1 EP09735488.0A EP09735488A EP2285999B1 EP 2285999 B1 EP2285999 B1 EP 2285999B1 EP 09735488 A EP09735488 A EP 09735488A EP 2285999 B1 EP2285999 B1 EP 2285999B1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/10—Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof
- C23C4/11—Oxides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2209/00—Characteristics of used materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2209/00—Characteristics of used materials
- A63B2209/02—Characteristics of used materials with reinforcing fibres, e.g. carbon, polyamide fibres
- A63B2209/023—Long, oriented fibres, e.g. wound filaments, woven fabrics, mats
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
Definitions
- the invention relates to an article and a method of making an article.
- metal parts for example engine parts
- plasma spraying the material to be deposited is melted and propelled towards the substrate to be coated.
- the plasma jet temperature may be of the order of 20,000 K Such a process is known from instance from US 5 284 697 .
- an article including a substrate, at least a surface of the substrate being made of or containing an organic material, and a thermal sprayed first layer of coating material on the surface, and a further layer on the first layer the coating material of the first layer being wholly or principally aluminium, the first layer being less than 200 micrometres in thickness and the further layer being of a material with a higher melting point than the coating material of the first layer, wherein the further layer is made wholly or principally of ceramic material, and the level of porosity in the further layer is greater than 5%, the first layer being connected to earth to provide electromagnetic shielding.
- a high melting point material can be provided as a layer on a surface made of or containing inorganic material in a manner which would not previously have been possible without deleterious melting or degassing of the inorganic material.
- the surface of the article may be made of any suitable organic material and may be made of plastics material or a composite material including a matrix made of a plastics material.
- the surface may be made of glass fibre reinforced plastic composite material or the like, and in a preferred embodiment the surface is made of carbon fibre composite material.
- Carbon fibre composite materials are popular in a range of industries primarily because of their high strength and low weight.
- the coating material is preferably sprayed at a rate of less than 100 g/min, more preferably less than 70 g/min, and most preferably less than 40 g/min.
- a low deposition rate minimises heat transfer to the substrate, thus minimising risk of damage to the substrate.
- the layer of coating material may be of any desired thickness and may for example be up to 150 micrometres in thickness, preferably up to 100 micrometres.
- the layer of coating material is preferably at least 2 micrometres thick.
- the layer of coating material may cover the whole of the said surface of the article or may cover only a selected part of the surface. This may be to achieve a particular technical result, such as electrical conductivity, electromagnetic shielding or electromagnetic transmission or heat resistance, for example, in selected areas or may alternatively or in addition be for decorative purposes.
- the further layer may also be a thermally sprayed layer.
- the further layer is made of a material with a higher melting point than the coating material. In this way, a high melting point material can be provided as a layer on a surface of or containing organic material in a manner which would not previously have been possible without deleterious melting or degassing or other heat damage to the organic material.
- the further layer may be designed to achieve desired thermal barrier or mechanical damage resistance properties.
- the further layer may comprise at least 50% of at least one of zirconia, titania, or alumina.
- the further layer may also include at least one of yttria and magnesia
- the level of porosity in the further layer is greater than 15%. This allows a low deposition rate to be used and also allows the further layer to better accommodate strain associated with thermal mismatch. Therefore, the coating layer need not be as thick in order to protect the substrate from heat damage during deposition of the further layer or to take up the flex associated with thermal mismatch.
- the further layer is preferably sprayed at a rate of less than 150 g/min, more preferably less than 100 g/min, and most preferably less than 50 g/min.
- a low deposition rate minimises heat transfer to the substrate, thus minimising risk of damage to the substrate.
- the coating layer thickness can also be minimised thus allowing a low weight article.
- the article may include at least one additional layer on the further layer.
- the or each additional layer may also be a thermal sprayed layer or may be deposited in another suitable way such as by electroless deposition, physical vapour deposition (PVD), chemical vapour depostion (CVD) or as a paint or by printing.
- PVD physical vapour deposition
- CVD chemical vapour depostion
- the or at least one additional layer or each additional layer may be principally or wholly of ceramic or metal or ceramic and metal. Such layers may provide heat or light reflectivity, abrasion resistance, chemical resistance, impact resistance, electrical conductivity or radar signature modification.
- the total thickness of the layers may be such as to provide increased local mechanical strength.
- the total thickness may be as high as several hundred micrometres.
- the further layer may be at least as thick as the first layer, and preferably the further layer is thicker than the first layer.
- the further layer may be at least 100 micrometres thick, preferably at least 150 micrometres thick.
- the further layer is preferably not greater than 300 micrometres thick, more preferably not greater than 250 micrometres thick.
- a method of coating a substrate surface made of or containing an organic material comprising thermal spraying the surface with a first layer of coating material to a thickness of less than 200 micrometres and depositing a further layer on the first layer, the coating material of the first layer being wholly or principally aluminium, the further layer being of a material with a higher melting point than the coating material of the first layer, wherein the further layer is made wholly or principally of ceramic material, and the level of porosity in the further layer is greater than 5%, and the first layer is connected to earth to provide electromagnetic shielding.
- any suitable thermal spraying technique may be used, such as wire spraying, and in a preferred embodiment, the layer of coating material is plasma sprayed onto the surface.
- Any suitable gas may be used for the plasma spraying and in a preferred embodiment the gas is nitrogen.
- the method may include chemical modification of the surface prior to thermal spraying to promote adhesion or reduce substrate outgassing.
- the method may include temperature treatment of the surface prior to thermal spraying to reduce substrate outgassing.
- the method may include roughening the substrate surface prior to thermal spraying thereon. The roughening may be effected by mechanical abrasion, for example by grit blasting, or alternatively by chemical means, for example by etching.
- the substrate surface may be made of any suitable organic material and may be made of plastics material or a composite material including a matrix made of a plastics material.
- the surface may be made of a composite such as glass fibre reinforced plastic composite material and in a preferred embodiment the surface is made of carbon fibre composite material.
- Carbon fibre composite materials are popular in a range of industries primarily because of their high strength and low weight.
- the first layer may be sprayed to at least 2 micrometres in thickness.
- the layer of coating material may be applied to any desired thickness and may for example be from 2 to 200 micrometres in thickness, preferably from 2 to 150 micrometres in thickness, and most preferably from 2 to 100 micrometres in thickness.
- the layer of coating material may be sprayed to cover the whole of the said surface of the substrate or may cover only a selected part of the surface. This may be to achieve a particular technical result, such as electrical conductivity, or heat resistance, for example, in selected areas or may alternatively or in addition be for decorative purposes.
- the further layer may also be deposited by thermal spraying, such as plasma spraying
- the further layer may be designed to achieve desired thermal barrier or mechanical damage resistance properties.
- the further layer may comprise wholly or principally at least one of zirconia, titania, and alumina.
- the further layer may also include at least one of yttria and magnesia.
- the method may include depositing at least one additional layer on the further layer.
- the or each additional layer may also be deposited by thermal spraying such as plasma spraying or may be deposited in another suitable way such as by electroless deposition, physical vapour deposition (PVD), chemical vapour depostion (CVD) or by painting, for example with specialist ceramic paint, or by printing, for example by screen printing.
- the or each additional layer may be made of any suitable material and may be made of ceramic or metal or ceramic and metal.
- the total thickness of the deposited layers may be such as to provide increased local mechanical strength.
- the total thickness may be as high as several hundred micrometres, and in certain instances may be as much as several millimetres.
- the further layer may be deposited to be at least as thick as the first layer, and preferably the further layer is deposited to be thicker than the first layer.
- the further layer may be deposited to be at least 100 micrometres thick, preferably at least 150 micrometres thick.
- the further layer may be deposited to be not greater than 300 micrometres thick, and preferably not greater than 250 micrometres thick.
- the coating material may be sprayed at a rate of 100 g/min or less, preferably 70 g/min or less, and most preferably 40 g/min or less.
- the further layer may be sprayed at a rate of 150 g/min or less, preferably 100 g/min or less, most preferably 50 g/min or less.
- a coupon 10 of carbon fibre reinforced plastics material of dimensions 150mm x 150mm by 2mm thick was carefully cleaned, using acetone, then wiped with tissue to remove any liquid.
- the clean coupon 10 was then grit blasted on one side using a siphon type grit blast system at 40psi, with grit of between 0.4 and 0.6 mm size.
- the coupon 10 was blown with dry air to remove any debris and wiped with an acetone damp tissue.
- the coupon 10 was then mounted onto a turntable in a plasma spray booth, containing a robot manipulation system.
- the spray system was set to work in nitrogen and aluminium powder feed set to spray at 30gm/min. Nitrogen flow was preset to 50litres/min. and current to 300Amps.
- the robot was programmed to operate a ladder type spray pattern, at a stand off distance of 100mm from the coupon, while the coupon 10 was rotated. In this way, an aluminium bond coat of approximately 25 ⁇ m thickness was applied. A second coat was then applied in the same way to provide a layer 12 with a total coating thickness of 50 ⁇ m.
- magnesium zirconate was plasma sprayed onto the aluminium coating on the coupon at 44gm/min. Five coats gave a layer 14 with a thickness of 200 ⁇ m.
- Carbon fibre reinforced plastics material is naturally relatively soft and susceptible to abrasion.
- the use of an aluminium bond layer 12 in this example allows a layer 14 of ceramic in the form of magnesium zirconate to be applied. This has good resistance to abrasion and other mechanical damage and is very hard. It is also resistant to corrosion or chemical attack and has very good thermal resistance forming a thermal barrier to protect the carbon fibre reinforced plastic material 10. It will be understood that it is the plastics matrix of the composite that is particularly vulnerable. Its protection by the ceramic layer 14 enables the use of carbon fibre composite material in environments which heretofore have been too harsh.
- the top layer of aluminium 16 gives an attractive finish to the visible surface 18, as well as providing further protection.
- the resulting article 20 is very light in relation to its strength, certainly lighter than an equivalent in steel.
- An article 20 made in this way may be used for example as an automotive heat shield for extreme temperature conditions or as an aircraft tail cone.
- the aluminium layer 12 is connected to earth which provides electromagnetic shielding.
- the surface could be abraded for example by grit blasting or shot peening.
- the surface could be flamed to virtually melt, which results in a highly reflective surface finish.
- a carbon fibre reinforced plastics part 30 is prepared for use as a heat shield.
- the intended environment requires higher temperature operation than normal for a carbon fibre reinforced plastics part.
- a carbon fibre reinforced plastics substrate 32 was preprepared in the same way as in embodiment 1, except that in this example, the whole area of the surface of the substrate 32 is not being treated, only a selected area. Thus, areas 34 at the sides of the surface which do not require coating were masked with propriety masking tape to leave an unmasked central area.
- a further mask was then applied to side areas of the copper bond coat 36.
- the part 30 is intended for use in an engine bay of a vehicle with an internal combustion engine.
- the part 30 will be situated near a hot rod 40 as shown in Fig 2 .
- the part is thus arranged so that the ceramic layer 38 is directly below the hot rod 40.
- the ceramic layer 38 will act as a heat barrier to protect the carbon fibre reinforced plastics substrate 32.
- the uncoated parts 34 of the carbon fibre reinforced plastics substrate 32 are so far away from the rod 40 that the heat from the rod will not degrade them.
- the masking here is in strips and so is straightforward, but more complex masking can be used where required.
- the masking may be used to enable a pattern or words to be sprayed onto a ceramic surface in a polishable metal for example to represent and display a trade mark. It is also possible to build up the surface coating by further metal spraying or by deposition in other ways to fabricate three dimensional features on the surface of the substrate. These might provide attachment or load bearing points or other features.
- the underlying metallic coat may be used to provide a degree of strengthening and load spreading.
- the use of an intermediate ceramic layer will protect the carbon composite material from conductive heat transfer via these features.
- a carbon fibre reinforced plastics material part to form a car bonnet was carefully cleaned, using acetone, then wiped with tissue to remove any liquid.
- the clean part was then grit blasted on one side using a siphon type grit blast system at 40psi, with grit of between 0.4 and 0.6 mm size.
- the part was blown with dry air to remove any debris.
- the part was then mounted in a plasma spray booth, containing a robot manipulation system.
- the spray system was set to work in nitrogen and aluminium powder feed set to spray at 30gm/min. Nitrogen flow was preset to 50litres/min. and current to 300Amps.
- the robot was programmed to operate a ladder type spray pattern, at a stand off distance of 100mm from the part. In this way, an aluminium bond coat of approximately 25 ⁇ m thickness was applied. A second coat was then applied in the same way to provide a total coating thickness of 50 ⁇ m.
- Gold was then deposited onto the part by wire-spray processing onto the aluminium coating on the part. A thickness of 150 ⁇ m was achieved. The surface was then chemically etched to achieve the desired finish.
- the gold layer will conduct and dissipate heat.
- a gold foil lining tacked to the inside of an engine bay is known, but the layer of the present invention is firmly adhered to the carbon fibre composite part.
- the invention provides a coating on a carbon fibre composite material which is very firmly adhered and by appropriate choice of top layers can provide a wide range of physical properties as desired.
- a carbon fibre reinforced plastic brake shield had a layer of aluminium foil bonded to the surface during the manufacturing process.
- the surface was treated with 3M NaOH solution and left for fifteen minutes. The surface was then water washed to remove any solution and debris and allowed to dry. The surface was roughened by grit blasting on one side using a siphon type grit blast system at 40psi, with grit of between 0.4 and 0.6 mm size. The surface was then blown with dry air to remove any debris and wiped with an acetone damp tissue. Magnesium zirconate ceramic was then applied in the same manner as in Example 1.
- a 50 ⁇ m layer of molybdenum was applied using a MetcoTM 9MB plasma spray gun, mounted on a StaubliTM robot, using the following parameters: Powder feed rate - 25 g/min Nitrogen flow - 80 scfh Hydrogen flow - 10 scfh Current - 500 A Spray distance - 100 mm Traverse rate - 150 mm/s
- the surface integrity of the ceramic was enhanced by the addition of this thin molybdenum coating, so that if any damage was done to the ceramic, the metal layer would held it together, preventing spalling.
- An alternative application is applying coatings to polymeric materials and carbon fibre reinforced polymeric materials for medical and/or orthopaedic implants in cases where surface coatings (such as hydroxyapatite coatings) are required to promote bone ingrowth and enhance the fixation of implants.
- surface coatings such as hydroxyapatite coatings
- a golf club 50 as shown in Fig. 3 and 4 , with a carbon fibre reinforced plastic golf club head 52 was coated with magnesium zirconate ceramic on the striking face 54 of the head 52 and the bottom 56 of the head 52 in the same way as in Example 1.
- a 50 ⁇ m molybdenum layer was applied to the magnesium zirconate layer, in the same manner as described in Example 4.
- Example 4 if damage was done to the ceramic, the metal layer held it together, preventing spalling.
- a carbon fibre reinforced plastic bicycle wheel 60 as shown in Fig. 5 , quickly suffered wear when brakes pads were applied to the rim 62.
- a bond coat comprising aluminium was plasma sprayed onto the braking area 64 of the rim 62 of the wheel 60, namely the area of the rim to be contacted by a brake block in use.
- the bond coat was deposited to a thickness of ⁇ 100 ⁇ m.
- the plasma spray parameters used were nitrogen 50 slpm, hydrogen 5 slpm, current 400 Amps, carrier gas 5 slpm, spray distance 100 mm, powder flow 45 g/min.
- a 100 wt.% titanium dioxide ceramic layer was then applied on top of the bond coat by plasma spraying.
- the ceramic layer was applied to a thickness of ⁇ 200 ⁇ m.
- the plasma spray parameters used were Nitrogen 45 slpm, hydrogen 5 slpm, current 500 Amps, carrier gas 5 slpm, spray distance 75 mm, powder flow 65 g/min, ceramic powder particle size 50 to 90 micrometres.
- the wear resistance of the wheel rim 62 was increased by the coatings.
- a carbon fibre reinforced plastic hip prosthesis 70 comprising a stem 72 and a ball 74, as shown in Fig. 6 , was plasma sprayed with a 50 ⁇ m silver layer and then a 150 ⁇ m titanium layer. A 150 ⁇ m hydroxyapatite layer was then plasma sprayed onto the on the surface of the stem 72. The hydroxyapatite coating helped to promote bone ingrowth and enhance the fixation of the implant to the femur Example 5 to 7 are out of the claimed scope.
Claims (16)
- Ein Artikel, wobei der Artikel Folgendes umfasst: ein Substrat, wobei mindestens eine Oberfläche des Substrats aus einem organischen Material hergestellt ist oder ein organisches Material enthält, und eine erste thermisch gespritzte Schicht von Überzugsmaterial auf der Oberfläche und eine weitere Schicht auf der ersten Schicht, wobei das Überzugsmaterial der ersten Schicht vollständig oder hauptsächlich Aluminium ist, wobei die erste Schicht eine Dicke von weniger als 200 Mikrometer aufweist und die weitere Schicht aus einem Material mit einem höheren Schmelzpunkt ist als das Überzugsmaterial der ersten Schicht, wobei die weitere Schicht vollständig oder hauptsächlich aus Keramikmaterial ist und der Grad der Porosität in der weiteren Schicht mehr als 5% beträgt, wobei die erste Schicht geerdet ist, um eine elektromagnetische Abschirmung bereitzustellen.
- Artikel nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Oberfläche des Artikels aus einem Verbundstoffmaterial hergestellt ist, das eine Matrix umfasst, die aus Kunststoffmaterial hergestellt ist, wobei die Oberfläche bevorzugt aus Kohlenstofffaser-Verbundstoffmaterial hergestellt ist.
- Artikel nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, wobei die erste Schicht eine Dicke von bis zu 150 Mikrometer, bevorzugt eine Dicke von bis zu 100 Mikrometer aufweist.
- Artikel nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, wobei die weitere Schicht mindestens 50 Gew.-% Zirconiumdioxid beinhaltet und wobei die weitere Schicht bevorzugt vollständig oder hauptsächlich Zirconiumdioxid beinhaltet und ferner mindestens eines von Yttriumoxid und Magnesiumoxid umfassen kann.
- Artikel nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, wobei der Grad der Porosität in der weiteren Schicht mindestens 15% beträgt.
- Artikel nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die weitere Schicht mindestens so dick wie die erste Schicht, bevorzugt dicker als die erste Schicht ist.
- Artikel nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, wobei die weitere Schicht mindestens 100 Mikrometer dick, bevorzugt mindestens 150 Mikrometer dick ist.
- Artikel nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die weitere Schicht nicht dicker als 300 Mikrometer ist und bevorzugt nicht dicker als 250 Mikrometer ist.
- Ein Verfahren zum Überziehen einer Substratoberfläche, die aus einem organischen Material hergestellt ist oder ein organisches Material enthält, wobei das Verfahren das thermische Spritzen der Oberfläche mit einer ersten Schicht von Überzugsmaterial bis zu einer Dicke von weniger als 200 Mikrometer und das Aufbringen einer weiteren Schicht auf der ersten Schicht beinhaltet, wobei das Überzugsmaterial der ersten Schicht vollständig oder hauptsächlich Aluminium ist, wobei die weitere Schicht aus einem Material mit einem höheren Schmelzpunkt als das Überzugsmaterial der ersten Schicht ist, wobei die weitere Schicht vollständig oder hauptsächlich aus Keramikmaterial hergestellt ist und wobei der Grad der Porosität in der weiteren Schicht mehr als 5% beträgt, und wobei die erste Schicht geerdet ist, um eine elektromagnetische Abschirmung bereitzustellen.
- Ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, wobei die erste Schicht von Überzugsmaterial auf die Oberfläche plasmagespritzt wird und die erste Schicht von Überzugsmaterial bevorzugt in Stickstoff plasmagespritzt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 9 oder Anspruch 10, wobei die erste Schicht eine Dicke von bis zu 150 Mikrometer, bevorzugt eine Dicke von bis zu 100 Mikrometer aufweist.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, Anspruch 10 oder Anspruch 11, wobei die weitere Schicht durch thermisches Spritzen, bevorzugt durch Plasmaspritzen aufgebracht wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 12, wobei die weitere Schicht mindestens 50 Gew.-% Zirconiumdioxid beinhaltet und wobei die weitere Schicht bevorzugt vollständig oder hauptsächlich Zirconiumdioxid beinhaltet und die weitere Schicht ferner auch mindestens eines von Yttriumoxid und Magnesiumoxid umfassen kann.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 13, wobei die weitere Schicht so aufgebracht wird, dass sie mindestens so dick wie die erste Schicht ist, bevorzugt dicker als die erste Schicht ist.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 14, wobei die weitere Schicht so aufgebracht wird, dass sie mindestens 100 Mikrometer dick ist, bevorzugt mindestens 150 Mikrometer dick ist.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 15, wobei die weitere Schicht so aufgebracht wird, dass sie nicht dicker als 300 Mikrometer ist, bevorzugt nicht dicker als 250 Mikrometer ist.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP17206250.7A EP3327167A1 (de) | 2008-04-21 | 2009-04-21 | Rad, enthaltend ein organisches material, mindestens eine oberfläche und eine darauf thermisch gespritzte schicht und ein verfahren zur herstellung des rads |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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GBGB0807261.3A GB0807261D0 (en) | 2008-04-21 | 2008-04-21 | An article and a method of making an article |
PCT/EP2009/054762 WO2009130229A2 (en) | 2008-04-21 | 2009-04-21 | An article and a method of making an article |
Related Child Applications (2)
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EP17206250.7A Division-Into EP3327167A1 (de) | 2008-04-21 | 2009-04-21 | Rad, enthaltend ein organisches material, mindestens eine oberfläche und eine darauf thermisch gespritzte schicht und ein verfahren zur herstellung des rads |
EP17206250.7A Division EP3327167A1 (de) | 2008-04-21 | 2009-04-21 | Rad, enthaltend ein organisches material, mindestens eine oberfläche und eine darauf thermisch gespritzte schicht und ein verfahren zur herstellung des rads |
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EP2285999A2 EP2285999A2 (de) | 2011-02-23 |
EP2285999B1 true EP2285999B1 (de) | 2021-06-09 |
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EP09735488.0A Active EP2285999B1 (de) | 2008-04-21 | 2009-04-21 | Gegenstand sowie ein verfahren zur herstellung des artikels |
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EP17206250.7A Withdrawn EP3327167A1 (de) | 2008-04-21 | 2009-04-21 | Rad, enthaltend ein organisches material, mindestens eine oberfläche und eine darauf thermisch gespritzte schicht und ein verfahren zur herstellung des rads |
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EP (2) | EP3327167A1 (de) |
GB (2) | GB0807261D0 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2009130229A2 (de) |
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GB0807261D0 (en) | 2008-04-21 | 2008-05-28 | Accentus Plc | An article and a method of making an article |
GB201104256D0 (en) * | 2011-03-14 | 2011-04-27 | Zircotec Ltd | An article and method of making an article |
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US9216613B2 (en) * | 2012-07-12 | 2015-12-22 | Sram, Llc | Bicycle rim with brake track |
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TWI522231B (zh) * | 2014-12-01 | 2016-02-21 | 財團法人工業技術研究院 | 金屬/高分子複合材料及其製作方法 |
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WO2009130229A2 (en) | 2009-10-29 |
WO2009130229A3 (en) | 2010-01-21 |
EP2285999A2 (de) | 2011-02-23 |
GB2459372B (en) | 2013-03-06 |
GB0807261D0 (en) | 2008-05-28 |
US20110039086A1 (en) | 2011-02-17 |
GB2459372A (en) | 2009-10-28 |
GB2459372C (en) | 2018-05-30 |
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