EP2281025A1 - Apparatus for the directed introduction of primary combustion air into the gas space of a coke-oven battery - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an apparatus for the directed channelling of primary air into a coke-chamber oven, wherein this primary air is channelled through the coke-chamber ceiling into the gas space of a coke-oven battery and, upon entering into the gas space of the coke chamber, is deflected laterally, the primary air therefore being better distributed. The invention also relates to a method of laterally deflecting the primary air once it has entered into the coke-oven chamber, this resulting in better distribution of the primary air in the coke-oven chamber.

Description

 Devices for the directed introduction of primary combustion air into the gas space of a coke oven battery

The invention relates to a device for supplying primary combustion air into the coking chamber of a coke oven of the "non-recovery type" or "heat-recovery type", wherein the primary combustion air is introduced through one or more inlet openings in the coke oven ceiling, and the inlet or the inlet openings are provided with devices by which primary air in the gas space above the coke cake can be better distributed. The invention also relates to a method of operating a coke oven or a coke oven battery, wherein the primary combustion air for coking through one or more inlets in the ceiling of each furnace chamber above the furnace is directed into a gas filled space above the coke cake, where the partial combustion of the coke oven Coke gas with the primary air takes place, and wherein the primary air flows against the coke cake through the gas flow conducting devices at an angle of less than 90 °.

The production of coke from coal or carbonaceous materials is often carried out in coke ovens of the "non-recovery" type or the "heat-recovery" type. In coke ovens of the "non-recovery" or "heat-recovery" type, the coal is heated to a high temperature and the resulting gas is burnt with a substoichiometric amount of so-called primary air. The combustion with primary air is usually incomplete and takes place in a gas-filled space above the coke cake. From this gas-filled space, the incompletely burnt coking gas is directed in so-called "downcomer" channels in secondary air soles below the coking chamber, where so-called secondary air flows in and the incompletely burnt coking gas is completely burnt "Heat recovery" uses the heat from combustion in addition to generating energy.

[0003] The introduction of the primary air into the combustion chamber usually takes place through openings in the ceiling of the coke oven chamber. These are often designed to admit the primary air perpendicular to the coke cake without further distribution into the gas-filled coke oven chamber. For further inlet of the primary air, the coke oven walls, which are located above the coke oven doors, can also be opened. be equipped to the inlet of additional primary air. By doing so, enough primary air is admitted into the chamber so that the coking gas can be combusted to the extent that sufficient heat develops in the headspace above the coking chamber.

An example of this ventilation technique is WO 2006128612 A1. The coking chamber of a coke oven has in the ceiling a plurality of inlet openings through which the coking gas produced during coking is uniformly brought into contact with the desired amount of primary air for the partial combustion of the coking gas. Above the furnace, these primary air inlets can be separately combined by an air supply system, and the air supply systems of the individual furnace chambers are connected to an air supply system common to many furnace chambers. To change the amount of primary air over the cooking time, a control element is provided between the air supply system and the air supply lines of the individual oven chambers. In this way, a substantial equalization of the distribution of the primary air takes place.

However, this technique has the disadvantage that a plurality of openings is necessary to achieve a uniform distribution of the primary air. For that reason, it would be advantageous if a uniform distribution of the primary air into the headspace above the coke cake could be achieved with a much smaller number of primary air openings. It is therefore an object to provide a supply system of primary combustion air, which manages with a small number of openings in the ceiling area and yet achieves a uniform distribution of primary combustion air.

The invention solves this problem by a distribution system for primary combustion air, which admits the primary combustion air through openings in the ceiling of a coke oven, and these openings have a distribution system that introduces the inflowing primary air at a slanted angle in the gas space above the coke cake , This allows the primary air to be better distributed. The distribution of the primary air in a slanted angle can be done both at one opening and at several openings. The distribution of the air into the gas space of a coke oven chamber can take place in one, in several or in all lateral horizontal directions. In particular, a device for supplying primary combustion air for the combustion of coking gas in a coking chamber of a coke oven of the "non-recovery type" or "heat-recovery type" is claimed, wherein

In the ceiling of each furnace chamber, one or more primary air inlet openings above the furnace for each furnace chamber are separately arranged by an air supply system such that the coking gas produced during combustion is directed into a gas filled space above the coke cake in which the coking gas is mixed with the coking cake Primary air is brought into contact, and which is characterized in that

• This opening or these openings on the underside of the ceiling have a gas-conducting device, which, based on a vertical Lot through the ceiling have an outwardly directed discharge angle, which is greater than 0 °.

The distribution of the primary air in lateral directions can be done both by gas-conducting devices located in the openings for the primary air, as well as through the openings themselves. In this case, the lateral walls of the openings have an outwardly directed angle, which is greater than 0 ° relative to a perpendicular plumb through the ceiling, and which is an opening angle. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the angle formed by the lateral walls of the openings with respect to a perpendicular plumb through the ceiling of the coke oven chamber is greater than 0 ° and less than 20 °. The outward angle can be performed both directly with permanent skew and with an offset.

The openings can be arbitrarily shaped. They can be covered on the top to protect the opening from the weather. The openings are advantageously on the top of the furnace roof as channels type. These channels can be closed with to protect the coke oven interior against the weather. This can for example be a simple cover, but this can also be a flap or a slider. The openings can also be made as U-pipes. In order to regulate or increase the flow of primary air better, the pipe can also be equipped with a fan.

The gas-conducting devices can be arbitrarily shaped. These can be shaped as a plate or as a disc with a plurality of openings. In a preferred embodiment, the disc is round and contains 2 to 6 openings. The Disc can also be equipped with crescent-shaped openings or with slots or notches to better direct the air. The gas-conducting devices can also be shaped turbine or star shape. The device for supplying combustion air may consist of a high-temperature steel, ceramic, silica or fireclay bricks or a combination of these components. But they can in principle consist of any material that is suitable for the introduction of air into gas chambers of high temperature.

The gas-conducting devices can be manufactured arbitrarily. So they can be incorporated directly into the coke oven ceiling. It is possible, for example, to make a disk with special openings, inlets or vanes and then insert them in openings provided for this purpose. This can be done for example with a ceramic adhesive, with mortar or with cement. The attachment is then carried out temperature resistant. The openings may also be equipped with a fan in front of or behind the gas-conducting device in order to improve the access of the primary air. Also, the gas-conducting devices can be held by pins, bolts or other suitable holding device in the opening for supplying the primary air.

The gas-conducting devices may also be designed so that they are interchangeable, so that they can be used or replaced during a business interruption. A suitable embodiment is a disc with gas-conducting inlets, which can be used as needed by cotter pins or with a suitable mortar. In order to achieve a particularly effective flow, the gas-conducting devices consist of channels which have a length to diameter ratio of greater than 0.8 and less than 10. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the gas-conducting devices consist of channels which have a length to diameter ratio of greater than 3.

The gas-conducting devices may also contain swirl elements to give the incoming primary air an alignment or a twist. The swirl elements can be made of a high temperature resistant steel or bricked example. However, these may also contain gas-speed increasing elements. These may be, for example, Venturi elements or constrictions with which the tangential velocity component of the inflowing primary air can be increased. As a result, a better mixing of the primary air is achieved with the coking gas in the gas space of the coking chamber. For improved supply of primary air into the gas space above the coke cake, the coke oven chamber walls may also contain openings for the admission of primary air via the coke oven chamber doors or the oven doors themselves. An example of a coke oven chamber battery, the coke oven chambers containing nozzle-shaped openings in the coke oven chamber walls for improved supply of primary air, is the DE 1020 07042502. Also these openings can be equipped with gas-conducting devices. If the nozzles are aligned linearly and not provided with gas-conducting facilities, the air flows in parallel to the coke cake and can be poorly distributed in the gas space of the coke oven chamber. However, if the opening in the coke oven chamber wall has a gas conducting device which has an outwardly directed angle greater than 0 ° with respect to a perpendicular plumb through the frontal occluding coke oven wall above the coke oven door, the coke cake will not be parallel but directed flowed at an angle of more than 0 ° and the primary air can be better distributed in the gas space of the coke oven chamber. These devices can be shaped as well as the gas-conducting devices in the coke oven ceiling. Both the frontal closing coke oven chamber wall above the coke oven chamber door and the coke oven chamber itself may contain these gas conducting devices.

It is also possible to equip the openings above the Koksofenkammertür as well as the openings in the coke oven chamber itself with an outward opening angle, which has based on a vertical Lot through the front, closing coke oven wall on the coke oven door an outwardly directed angle, the larger than 0 °. As a result, the inflowing primary air does not flow parallel to the coke cake, but flows at an angle of more than 0 °, and the primary air can thereby be better distributed in the gas space of the coke oven chamber. The coke oven chamber wall as well as the coke oven chamber door can contain both one and a plurality of openings which are equipped with the opening angle according to the invention or with a gas-conducting device according to the invention.

It is also claimed a method for supplying combustion air for the combustion of coking gas in a coking chamber. Claimed method of supplying combustion air for the combustion of coking gas in a coking chamber of a coke oven "non-recovery type" or "heat recovery type", wherein • The primary air flows through one or more inlet openings in the ceiling of each furnace chamber above the furnace, wherein the coke gas formed during the combustion in one above the

Coke cake gas-filled space is passed, in which the coking gas is brought into contact with the primary air, and which is characterized in that

• the primary air flows into the coke cake through the gas flow conducting devices at an angle of less than 90 °.

[0017] The method of feeding primary air into the headspace of a coking chamber may take place under any conditions that are typically and especially suitable for coking. Typical conditions for carrying out coking are temperatures from 900 ^° C. to 1550 ^° C. Any starting materials can also be used to carry out the coking. So hard coal can be used preferably; but it is also possible to use lignite, charcoal or biological materials.

The openings in the frontal, closing coke oven wall may be equipped with gas-conducting devices. In this case, the method also includes supplying primary air through openings in the wall of the coke oven chamber above the coke oven chamber door with improved distribution of primary air.

The inventive device and the inventive method offer the advantage of a uniform distribution of primary air into the gas space of a coke oven battery. A device according to the invention can be installed with little effort on existing primary air devices and is insensitive to high temperatures and chemical influences.

The device of the invention will be explained with reference to seven drawings, these drawings are only exemplary embodiments of the construction of the device according to the invention.

FIG. 1 shows a coke oven battery (1) in a side view. On top of the coke oven battery is the coke oven ceiling (2). In the coke oven ceiling (2) are openings (3) with an inclined outflow angle (2a) through which primary air (4) flows into the coke oven. The openings have inlets (5) through which the gas stream is led laterally into the gas space (6) of the coke oven chamber. By the Sloping the gas flow occurs obliquely directed in the lateral direction, so that the gas flow is better distributed in the gas space. The openings on the top of the coke oven chamber are provided on the upper side with U-shaped covers (7), through which the openings can be protected from the weather. The U-tubes also contain flaps (8) for controlling the gas flow. Also visible here is the lateral Kokosofenkammerwand (9) on the Koksofenkammertür (10) with the underlying opening to the coke oven chamber (11) and the movement mechanism for the coke oven chamber (10a). The coke oven chamber wall (9) also contains openings (12) for introducing primary air into the gas space of the coking chamber. This directs primary air (4) in the gas space above the coke cake (13). You can also see here the secondary air sole (14) and the openings (15) for regulating the secondary air flow.

FIG. 2 shows a coke oven battery (1) in a side view. On top of the coke oven battery is the coke oven ceiling (2). In the coke oven ceiling (2) are openings (3) with an inclined opening angle (2a) through which primary air (4) flows into the coke oven (1). The openings (3) have bevels, which serve as gas-conducting devices and deflect the primary air flow (4) in the lateral direction. As a result, the primary air (4) is better distributed. The openings (3) on the upper side of the coke oven chamber are provided on the upper side with channels (7a) which contain flaps as covers, by means of which the openings can be protected from the weather. You can also see the side coke oven chamber wall, which is here as Koksofenkammertür (10). The coke oven chamber wall (10) also contains openings (12) for introducing primary air (4) into the gas space of the coking chamber (6). This passes primary air into the gas space (6) above the coke cake (13). The openings have an outwardly directed opening angle, so that the coke cake is flowed parallel, but directed (12a). The secondary air sole (14) and the openings for regulating the secondary air flow (15) can also be seen here.

FIG. Figure 3 shows the ceiling of a coke oven chamber (2) with openings through which primary air (4a) flows into the coke oven. These openings (3) have inlets (5), which serve as gas-conducting devices and through openings (5a) direct the primary air flow (4). As a result, the primary air flows in the lateral direction (4) in the gas space of the coke oven chamber (6). Again, the openings are covered by U-tubes (7), which protect the openings against the weather. The U-tubes contain here flaps (8) through which the primary air flow (4) can be controlled or shut off. Here you can see the coke oven ceiling (2) and the coke oven chamber wall (9) consist of a brick wall. On the coke oven wall cotter pins (5b) are mounted, which hold the inlets or gas-conducting elements (5) in the openings (5a).

FIG. Figure 4 also shows the ceiling of a coke oven chamber (2) with openings through which primary air (4a) flows into the coke oven. These openings (3) have inlets (5), which serve as gas-conducting devices and through openings (5a) direct the primary air flow (4). The U-tube-shaped openings (7) have inside swirl elements (7b). By the swirl elements (7b), the inflowing primary air (4a) is provided with a swirl so that it can be better distributed in the gas space (6) of the coke oven chamber. Shown here are also the inlets (5) as gas-conducting elements (5a) in the openings and the split pins (5b) for fastening these twist elements.

FIG. Figure 5 also shows the ceiling of a coke oven chamber (2) with openings through which primary air (4a) flows into the coke oven. The U-tube-shaped covers (7) have inside Venturi elements (7c), through which the tangential velocity of the incoming air (4a) can be increased. Instead of admitting the opening has inside swirl elements (5c), which are firmly connected to the masonry and provided the incoming air with a twist. As a result, it is better distributed in the gas space (6) of the coke oven chamber.

FIG. Figure 6 shows a disc (5) designed as an inlet into the opening (3) of the coke oven top. This is embedded in the opening (3), which admits the primary air (4) in the coke oven. The disc (5) may be curved or planar. The disc (5) in a typical embodiment has the thickness of the coke oven ceiling (2) and thus fits into the opening (3). This disc (5) can be made of ceramic, silica or a fireclay brick. It is inserted into the opening with a ceramic mortar or binder. The disc (5) here has six round openings (5a), which are directed sideways outwards. You can see here the pipe (5d), which runs through the interior of the disk. During operation of the coke oven, the primary air (4) flows through these openings into the gas space (6) of the coke oven chamber. Due to the directional shape of the tubes, the primary air (4) flows laterally outwards.

FIG. 7 shows a disk (5) in a side view. The disc (5) is shown here in its entire thickness. Shown here is a hook (5e) for removal from the Koksofendecke. FIG. 8 shows the same disc (5), which is equipped with slots (5f) for conducting the primary air (4) instead of round openings.

FIG. Figure 9 shows the ceiling (2) of a coke oven chamber through which a primary air inlet (4) passes. This inlet (5) has at the exit to the coke oven chamber an inclination (2a) which directs the gas flowing out of the opening sideways into the gas space (6) of the coke oven chamber (1). The slope (2a) arises here below a constriction (5g) in the opening and has an angle of more than 0 ° relative to a solder through the ceiling.

FIG. 10 shows the ceiling (2) of a coke oven chamber (1) through which a primary air inlet (3) passes. This inlet (3) has at the outlet to the coke oven chamber (1) an inclination (2a), which leads the gas (4) flowing out of the opening (3) sideways into the gas space (6) of the coke oven chamber (1). The inclination (2a) arises here below a broadening (5h) in the opening (3) and has over a Lot through the ceiling an angle of more than 0 °.

FIG. Figure 11 shows an inlet (5) with openings (5a) whose length of the channels and whose diameter of the channels is defined. The ratio of length to diameter is advantageously greater than 0.8 and less than 10. The ratio of length to diameter is particularly advantageously greater than 3.

[0032] List of Reference Numerals

1 coke oven

2 ceiling of coke oven chamber

2a Inclination angle against a vertical solder in the coke oven chamber ceiling

3 opening in the ceiling of the coke oven chamber

4 stream of primary air

4a Primary air flowing in from the outside

5 Inlets in the openings 5a Gas-conducting devices

5b cotter pin for holding the inlets

5c swirl elements in the openings

5d inner wall of the gas-conducting device

5e hook for removing the inlet

5f slots in the inlet

5g constriction in the opening

5h broadening in the opening Coke oven gas space U-pipe as cover of the primary air opening a Pipe as cover with flaps b Swirl elements in the U-pipes c Constriction in the U-pipes to obtain a venturi effect Control valve for the opening for primary air Lateral coke oven wall 0 Coke oven chamber 0a Suspension for the Coke oven door 1 Coke oven door opening 2 Nozzle-shaped opening in the coke oven chamber wall for supplying primary air 2a Primary incoming primary air through the nozzle-shaped openings 3 Coke cake 4 Secondary air soles 5 Secondary air sole control valves

Claims

claims

1. A device for supplying primary combustion air for the combustion of coking gas in a coking chamber of a "non-recovery type" or "heat recovery type" coke oven, wherein • in the ceiling of each furnace chamber one or more primary air inlet openings above the Furnace for each furnace chamber are arranged separately by an air supply system such that the coking gas formed during combustion is passed into a space located above the coke cake gas-filled space in which the coking gas is brought into contact with the primary air, characterized in that

• This opening or these openings on the underside of the ceiling have a gas-conducting device, which, based on a vertical Lot through the ceiling have an outwardly directed discharge angle, which is greater than 0 °.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that there are a plurality of openings on the underside of the ceiling, of which at least one has an opening outwardly directed angle with respect to a vertical perpendicular through the ceiling, which is greater than 0 ° and which has an opening Angle is.

3. Device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the openings located in the ceiling on the top of the ceiling have a U-shaped tube-shaped cover.

4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the U-tube-shaped cover has a flap or a device which can regulate the incoming stream of primary air.

5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in the front, occluding coke oven wall over the coke oven door or in the coke oven door one or more gas-conducting devices are gene, of which at least one, based on a vertical solder through the frontal, closing coke oven wall above the coke oven door has an outwardly directed angle which is greater than 0 °.

6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that there are openings or inlets in the front, occluding coke oven wall above the coke oven door or in the coke oven door, of which at least one, relative to a vertical perpendicular through the frontal, closing coke oven wall above the coke oven door has an opening outwardly directed angle greater than 0 °.

7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the gas-conducting devices consist of channels having a ratio of length to diameter of greater than 0.8 and less than 10.

8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the gas-conducting devices consist of channels having a ratio of length to diameter of greater than 3.

9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that there are in the gas-conducting device swirl elements or Venturi elements that broaden the gas flow or increase the tangential velocity component.

10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that there is a fan in the device for supplying primary air.

11. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the device for supplying combustion air from a high-heat-resistant steel, ceramic, silica or fireclay bricks o- or a combination of these components.

12. A method for supplying combustion air for the combustion of coking gas in a coking chamber of a coke oven of the "non-recovery type" or "heat-recovery type", wherein The primary air flows through one or more inlet openings in the ceiling of each furnace chamber above the furnace, whereby the coking gas produced during the combustion is led into a gas filled space above the coke cake, in which the coking gas is brought into contact with the primary air, characterized that

• the primary air flows into the coke cake through the gas flow conducting devices at an angle of less than 90 °.