DE102005055483A1 - Centrally controlled coke oven ventilation system for primary and secondary air - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a ventilation device for non-recovery coke ovens, the ventilation device consisting of at least one opening that runs through the wall or through fixtures, such as the furnace door, and connects the furnace interior with the outside atmosphere surrounding the furnace and completely by means of a closure element or can be partially closed. Two or more of these closure elements are coupled by means of at least one mechanical connection element in that the connection element is attached to the closure elements directly or via levers and each connection element is connected to at least one central adjusting element in such a way that the closure elements can be moved, with the respective openings being closed , fully opened or adjusted to any intermediate position. Ideally, this connecting element is a chain or a screw spindle.

Description

The The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for feeding Combustion air for the Incineration of coking gas in coking chambers in flat construction constructed and arranged as a battery coke ovens, for the so-called non-recovery or heat recovery procedures. In this case, the device comprises at least one ventilation opening each Coking chamber, by the respective coke oven door or their framing wall runs as well as ventilation openings for the Feeding of secondary air in the heating cables. Every ventilation opening is associated with a movably mounted closure element.

All Closure elements are mechanical with at least one actuating element connected, controlled and driven from a central location becomes. Pressed the actuator the closure elements depending on the need for combustion air in the coking chamber continuously. The mechanical connection each individual closure element with the central actuator can be made separately, in particular the starting position a single closure element at the beginning of the coking process the associated Coking chamber independent from the other closure elements of the adjacent coking chambers can be made.

The Heating of heat-recovery ovens usually takes place by combustion of the gas produced during coking. The Combustion is controlled so that some of the gas above the coal charge with primary air burned in the oven chamber. This partially combusted gas is passed through ducts also referred to as "downcomers", the heating cables supplied in the sole of the furnace chamber and here by adding further combustion air, the secondary air, Completely burned.

In this way, the coal charge heat is supplied directly from above and indirectly from below, which has an advantageous effect on the coking rate and thus on the performance of the furnaces. To carry out the method, it is necessary that supplied primary air and secondary air, exactly sized and over the duration of the cooking time, which can take up to 20 to 96 hours, is variably controlled. In the prior art, heat recovery and non-recovery coke ovens in flat construction are described extensively. Examples are here US 4,344,820 . US 4,287,024 . US 5,114,542 . GB 1 555 400 or CA 2 052 177 C called.

To conventional The prior art is from the atmosphere the primary air through openings in the doors sucked. The secondary air is through near-ground openings sucked in and over channels in the flues passed, which is substantially horizontal under the coke oven chamber run. The openings for primary and secondary air are either permanently open or provided with flaps for adjusting the amount of air to be sucked.

Since the oven batteries are very spacious, usually a very high temperature prevails and a strong dirt is given, only manually adjustable ventilation flaps are disclosed in the prior art. In US 5,928,476 such a coke oven battery is shown, wherein three manually operated openings are provided in each coke oven door, in or in front of which each one adapted to the opening cross-section and mounted on a central axis plate or disc is arranged. These opening flaps are manually adjustable via levers in their position.

In However, practice shows that the required change the amount of primary and secondary air above the Cooking time with a manual adjustment only very isolated takes place and thus the ideal time-dependent setting by far is not achieved. Furthermore, the manual operation is a high health burden for the staff dar.

The The object of the invention is therefore to the shortcomings described economical way to fix and optimized delivery of Primary and / or secondary air to make sure. Here, the reliability must also with the usual ensured high temperatures and heavy contamination be.

• – alle Verschlusselemente der Belüftungsöffnungen mit mindestens einem Stellelement mechanisch verbunden sind, welches von einer zentralen Stelle aus gesteuert und angetrieben wird,
• – die Verschlusselemente abhängig von dem Bedarf an Verbrennungsluft in der Verkokungskammer mittels des Stellelementes zu betätigen sind,
• – die mechanische Verbindung jedes einzelnen Verschlusselements mit dem zentralen Stellelement gesondert vorgenommen werden kann, wobei insbesondere die Ausgangsstellung eines einzelnen Verschlusselements zu Beginn des Verkokungsvorgangs der zugehörigen Verkokungskammer gesondert und unabhängig von den sonstigen Verschlusselementen der benachbarten Verkokungskammern eingestellt werden kann.

The invention achieves the object by providing a device for supplying combustion air for the combustion of coking gas in coking chambers of constructed in flat construction and arranged as a battery coke ovens, wherein the ventilation device consists of at least one ventilation opening per coking chamber, by the respective coke oven door or whose framing wall extends and for each ventilation opening a movably mounted closure element is provided, wherein

• All the closing elements of the ventilation openings are mechanically connected to at least one adjusting element which is controlled and driven from a central location,
• The closure elements are to be actuated by means of the actuating element, depending on the need for combustion air in the coking chamber,
• - The mechanical connection of each closure element with the central actuator can be made separately where in particular, the starting position of a single closure element at the beginning of the coking process of the associated coking chamber can be adjusted separately and independently of the other closure elements of the adjacent coking chambers.

there should under the connection of closure element and actuator be understood below that the two elements directly or also over a coupling element, such as a lever, a cable, a chain, a lever arm, etc. as well as combinations of these elements releasably together can be connected.

advantageous embodiments Foresee the actuator as a revolving chain or a steel cable train. Similarly, there is a suitable embodiment in the use of a Screw spindle as an actuator. All these control elements allow a permanent operation in one direction, what for the continuous overall process is very beneficial.

Farther can the device of the invention be designed so that as closure elements closure plates are used, which are stored so that they in the activity moved by the connecting element substantially parallel to the oven door become.

It is for a directed flow of the primary gas advantageous if the ventilation opening rotationally symmetrical is shaped. Therefore, the use of closure elements is advantageous formed as a vertical closure plates and order a central axis are mounted vertically or horizontally rotatable.

at a further improved embodiment the ventilation device are the closure elements of at least two overlapping and formed against each other movable facets, with facets ideally at a partial opening a polygonal and point-symmetrical or approximately circular Release cross-section. Thus, there is no deflection of the sucked Air in the ventilation opening and she is due to the higher flow rate deeper into the oven room.

A still continuing Improvement is to make the closure elements conical, wherein in the installed state, the tip directed to the furnace interior is. This embodiment can be further optimized to the effect that the ventilation opening the same or a larger opening angle as the associated conical closure elements exhibit. In this embodiment of the closure element for the device according to the invention, the sucked air is minimal in the area of the closure element and the ventilation opening swirled and independent the size of the shared Cross-section shaped into a gas jet.

at a different size of cone angle from ventilation opening and Closure element can be made sure that dirt, which are deposited in the ventilation opening are not the whole Prevent closure of the ventilation opening. The cone-shaped Closure element is about a lever construction and / or a spindle in the longitudinal axis direction the opening moves, so that at a partial opening a circular annular gap is released.

The aeration device can be improved by the fact that the closure element so with the actuator is connected to that in the final position, at complete Closure of the ventilation opening, automatically released from the actuator.

• a) Nach der Entleerung und Neubefüllung einer Verkokungskammer werden die Verschlusselemente in ihrer Ausgangsposition, welche die vollständige oder nahezu vollständige Freilassung der Belüftungsöffnung darstellt, mit einem zentralen Stellelement verbunden.
• b) Während der Garungszeit werden die Verschlusselemente durch das zentrale Stellelement kontinuierlich und im Wesentlichen mit einer gleich bleibenden mittleren Geschwindigkeit oder Stellhäufigkeit betätigt, so dass die Belüftungsöffnungen kontinuierlich verschlossen werden.
• c) Spätestens am Ende der Garungszeit einer Verkokungskammer haben die Verschlusselemente die Belüftungsöffnungen dieser Verkokungskammer vollständig verschlossen und können vom Stellelement gelöst werden.
• d) Nach dem Entleeren und Neubefüllen, wird das Verfahren mit dem Schritt a) erneut gestartet.

The invention further provides a method for the supply of combustion air in coke ovens, in which the aeration device according to the invention described above is used in one of its variants, the procedure of the method being as follows:

• a) After emptying and refilling a coking chamber, the closure elements are connected in their initial position, which represents the complete or almost complete release of the ventilation opening, with a central actuator.
• b) During the cooking time, the closure elements are actuated by the central control element continuously and substantially with a constant average speed or setting frequency, so that the ventilation openings are closed continuously.
• c) At the latest at the end of the cooking time of a coking chamber, the closure elements have the ventilation openings of the coking chamber completely closed and can be released from the actuator.
• d) After emptying and refilling, the process is restarted with step a).

A improved variant of the method is that the closure element is automatically released from the actuator in the end position.

In a further improved embodiment of the method according to the invention, at least two central control elements are provided, wherein the one control element, the closure elements for the primary air and the other central Stellele ment moves the closure elements for the secondary air. The two control elements are completely independently adjustable during the entire cooking time.

advantageously, becomes a central actuator continuously and substantially operated at the same speed or setting frequency.

From The invention also encompasses the use of the ventilation device according to the invention in one of the mentioned embodiments in a method of feeding of combustion air in coking chambers of constructed in flat construction and arranged as a battery coke ovens.

The invention is based on three variants in 1 to 3 described by way of example, the invention is not limited to these embodiments. 1 shows a coke oven 1 in the front view. The coke oven 1 has a coke oven door in the front surface 2 on, in which two vents 3 are arranged for the primary air. Below the coke oven door 2 are dashed heating cables 4 shown running under the oven room. The vents 5 for the supply of secondary air in these heating cables 4 are located near the ground below these heating cables 4 ,

Furthermore, in 1 the closure elements 6 for the ventilation openings 3 the primary air supply and the closure elements 7 for the ventilation openings 5 the secondary air supply. Each closure element consists essentially of a closure plate 9 and a lever arm 10 and is on an axis 8th mounted, by which the respective closure element can be moved rotatably. The lever arms 10 the closure elements 6 are with a rotating chain 11 and the closure elements 7 with a circulating chain 12 releasably connected.

By the continuous movement of the chain 11 become the closure elements 6 counterclockwise by the angle α and the closure elements 7 moved clockwise by the angle β. The chains themselves are over the central control elements 13 respectively 14 driven.

2 shows the front view of two coke ovens 1 , which stand for a larger coke oven battery, as indicated by the two arrows I and II. The two coke ovens shown 1 are in different cooking states. The coke oven shown on the right 1 is located at the beginning of the coking process, therefore cover the closure elements 6 the vents 3 barely. The lever arm 10 is in this embodiment a smaller chain 15 with the circulating chain 11 connected. The structure in the area of the ventilation openings 5 for the secondary air is analog. Here are the closure elements 7 , or their lever arms 10 over smaller chains 16 with the circulating chain 12 connected.

The air supply in the left coke oven 1 is already completely closed and the lever arm 10 or the chain 15 from the circulating chain 11 solved. The closure elements 7 for the regulation of the secondary air of the coke oven shown on the left 1 are close to the shutter, but not yet completely closed. Thus, it is very understandable that every coke oven 1 despite a common central control, can be controlled individually.

A particular embodiment of the closure element 6 respectively. 7 is in the 3 shown. In this sectional drawing is a rotationally symmetrical closure element 6 shown, which has a closure head 17 in the form of a truncated cone, on a cylindrical guide rod 18 is attached. The guide rod is fixed with a spring bridge 19 connected to the coke oven door 2 is attached. The management staff 18 is in a guide tube 20 guided and with the rear end over a small chain 15 with the circulating chain 11 connected. At the beginning of the cooking time, the springs of the spring bridge 19 pre-tensioned by expansion, leaving the ventilation opening 3 is largely open. By the movement of the circulating chain 11 becomes the spring bridge 19 relaxed, the closure element 6 in the direction of the coke oven door 2 moves and the lock head 17 into the conical ventilation opening 3 introduced. The preload is to be chosen such that after the relaxation of the chain 15 and the spring bridge 19 a complete closure of the ventilation opening 3 he follows.

1

coke oven

2

Coke oven door

3

Ventilation opening (primary air)

4

flues

5

vents (Secondary air)

6

closure elements (Primary air)

7

closure elements (Secondary air)

8th

hinge

9

closing plate

10

lever arm

11

Chain (Primary air)

12

Chain (Secondary air)

13

actuator

14

actuator

15

Chain

16

Chain

17

bolt head

18

Corporate Office

19

spring bridge

20

guide tube

Claims (17)

Ventilation device for supplying primary and secondary air for the combustion of coking gas in coking chambers of flat-constructed and arranged as a battery coke ovens, the ventilation device consists of at least one ventilation hole per coking chamber for the primary air passing through the respective coke oven door or its framing wall and Furthermore, there is at least one ventilation opening per coking chamber for the secondary air and at least for a part of the ventilation openings movably mounted closure elements are provided, characterized in that - at least a part of the closure elements of the ventilation openings are mechanically connected to an actuating element which is controlled from a central location and is driven, - the closure elements are to be actuated depending on the need for combustion air in the coking chambers by means of the actuating element, - the me chanische connection of each closure element with the central actuator can be made individually, in particular the starting position of a single closure element at the beginning of the coking process of the associated coking chamber can be made separately and independently of the other closure elements of the adjacent coking. aeration device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one part the closure elements for the primary air are mechanically connected to an actuating element and at least a part of the closure elements for the secondary air with a further actuating element are mechanically connected. aeration device according to one of the claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the actuating element has a circumferential Chain is. aeration device according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the actuating element is a screw spindle is. aeration device according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the closure elements closure plates are, which are mounted so that they are actuated by the Connecting element moves substantially parallel to the oven door become. aeration device according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the closure elements perpendicular standing shutter plates are vertical about a central axis or are mounted horizontally rotatable. aeration device according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the closure elements at least two overlapping ones and mutually displaceable facets are formed, wherein with facets ideally with a partial opening a polygonal and point symmetric or approximate release circular cross-section. aeration device according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the closure elements are conical, wherein in the installed state, the tip directed to the furnace interior is. aeration device according to claim 8, characterized in that the opening is the same or a larger opening angle as the associated conical Has closure elements. aeration device according to one of the claims 8 or 9, characterized in that the conical closure element in the longitudinal axis direction the opening can be moved, so that at a partial opening a circular annular gap is released. aeration device according to one of the claims 1 or 10, characterized in that the closure element is such connected to the actuator is that in the final position, at complete Closure of the ventilation opening, automatically released from the actuator becomes. Method for supplying combustion air for the combustion of coking gas in coking chambers of constructed in flat construction and arranged as a battery coke ovens, characterized in that at least one device according to claim 1 to 11 is used, wherein a) after emptying and refilling a coking chamber, the closure elements in be brought to the initial position, which represents the complete or almost complete opening of the vent, and are connected to the central actuator, then b) during the cooking time, the closure elements are actuated by the central actuator or the central control elements such that the Belüf c) the closing elements of a coking chamber are in their final position at the latest at the end of the cooking time of the respective coking chamber and are released from the actuating element, and d) the process according to a) is restarted. Method according to claim 12, characterized in that that after the full Closure of the ventilation opening replacement the closure elements of the actuator takes place automatically. Method according to one of claims 12 or 13, characterized that the central actuator during the entire cooking time continuously and essentially with the same average speed or setting frequency is actuated. Method according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the at least one central control element for the closure elements of primary air and at least one central actuator for the closure elements of Secondary air provided are. Method according to claim 15, characterized that the central actuator for the primary air and the central actuator for the secondary air independently each other while the entire cooking time continuously and essentially with the same average speed or setting frequency are actuated. Use of a device according to claim 1 to 11 for a method of delivery of combustion air in coking chambers of constructed in flat construction and arranged as a battery coke ovens.