DE102014005899A1 - Luftjustierorgan - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a Luftjustierorgan comprising a main body having a first channel, at least one perforated plate and a front in the flow direction cover plate with which the air flow through the perforated plate is controllably adjustable. The perforated plate is arranged on the opposite side of the coke oven before the channel.

Description

Technical area

The present invention relates to a Luftjustierorgan for metering combustion air from secondary air ducts of a coke oven, in particular a coke oven of the type "non-recovery" or "heat recovery". The invention also relates to a coke oven and a coke oven bank. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for metering combustion air of secondary air ducts and a method for coking of coal.

Technical background

Coke ovens of the "non-recovery" or "heat-recovery" type usually have up to 8 secondary air ducts below the secondary combustion chambers, through which the necessary combustion air is drawn into the coke oven.

It is desirable on the principle of Mehrfachluftstufung to provide as many air outlet openings in the Sohlkanälen to make the heating uniformly below the zukokenden coal charge. In the plant practice, the coke ovens are usually operated after a certain operating sequence (see DE 10 2008 064 209 ) to reduce fluctuations in the exhaust gas volume flows and to make the temperature regime in the refractory exhaust ducts uniform. However, since each oven of a bank is in an individual cooking state, many different heating settings on the known from the prior art Luftjustierorganen are required within the system and depending on the coking advance, including, for example, cuboidal actuators are used with which the secondary air ducts are closed can (see DE 10 2008 049 316 B3 ).

Since each coke oven of a coke oven bank is in an individual cooking state, an individual dosage of the combustion air of the up to 16 adjustment organs by the operating personnel is required. As the number of coke ovens increases, the number of air adjusters to be adjusted in the bank increases. In order to ensure a homogeneous heating below the coal charge the Luftjustierorgane must be repeatedly adjusted in time and position in a cooking period. This often leads to incorrect settings. From practice it is also known that the previous Luftjustierorgane for metering the combustion air in the secondary air ducts operate imprecisely and so do not flow the desired air flow rates in the coke oven. However, if, for example, due to a Einstellfehlers disproportionately much air in only one secondary air channel in the coke oven, this is often due to the violent local combustion processes associated with exceeding the application limit temperatures of the refractory materials of the Sohlkanäle so that melt parts of the furnace structure due to the local overheating and the relevant As a result, the coke oven must be taken out of production for repair purposes.

To avoid damaging filling gas emissions on the furnace roof, it is also useful to keep the negative pressure in the coke oven during the Kohlefüllvorganges high. Therefore, during the coal filling process, all secondary air ducts must be kept in a closed position by a suitable device, i. H. These must be firmly closed by a contact pressure, so that the spontaneously occurring emissions can not escape into the atmosphere. However, after the coal filling operation, the actuators must be placed in an open position so that air can enter the furnace for combustion purposes upon the onset of the coking process. The open position makes sense as long as a sufficient amount of gas flows through the downcomer into the bottom channels. Since the gas volume flow is heterogeneous and decreases over time, a timely adjustment of Luftjustierorgane is necessary so that a homogeneous heating can be adjusted. Thus, cooling processes can be avoided in the Sohlkanälen, which would occur if, for example, the secondary air ducts were left unintentionally over the entire Verkokungszyklus in an open position. These cooling processes are undesirable and reduce the furnace performance.

Another problem in the application DE 10 2008 049 316 B3 described invention is that the built up of a metal material Regulierorgane such. B. cuboid and slider due to the high ambient temperature experience a thermal expansion, so that the regulated channel inlet cross section of each oven is different and not reproducible for the operator, often misalignment occur and so from cooking cycle to cooking cycle always different amounts of air flow into the ovens , which is associated with inhomogeneous heating and coking conditions within a furnace and along the entire coke oven battery. However, if, for example, disproportionately much air flows into only one secondary air channel into the coke oven as a consequence of the violent local combustion processes, this is due to the exceeding of the application limit temperatures of the refractory materials of the base channels, so that parts of the coke oven structure due to the local overheating would melt.

Summary of the invention

The invention is therefore based on the object to provide an air adjustment, with the disadvantages of the prior art can be overcome, in particular to provide a Luftjustierorgan that allows improved homogeneous heating of a coke oven, so that local overheating can be effectively prevented.

This object is achieved by a Luftjustierorgan for metering combustion air from secondary air ducts of a coke oven, in particular a coke oven of the type "non-recovery" or "heat recovery" with the features of claim 1.

According to the invention it is provided that the Luftjustierorgan comprises a base body having a first channel and at least one perforated plate through which the combustion air can flow into the Sohlkanäle a coke oven. In this case, the perforated plate is arranged at the end remote from the coke oven end of the base body. Furthermore, the Luftjustierorgan comprises a cover plate arranged in the flow direction in front of the perforated plate, with which the air flow through the perforated plate is controllably closed. The installation of a perforated plate gives additional degrees of freedom with which unwanted combustion processes can be effectively prevented due to disproportionately supplied air quantities, so that a more homogeneous heating of a coke oven is achieved.

Preferably, the cover plate is displaceable. For example, the cover plate can be displaced vertically from above or from below relative to the substrate on which the coke oven is located. The cover plate may also preferably be horizontally displaceable from the right or from the left.

The cover plate is arranged in front of the perforated plate, that in the closed position, almost no combustion air can flow into the secondary air duct. This can be achieved, for example, by coordinated materials that produce a sealing connection due to their material properties.

In a further preferred embodiment, the Luftjustierorgan tracks, in which the cover plate slides. The rails can be arranged above and below or to the right and left of the perforated plate with respect to the ground. The arrangement depends on whether the cover plate is horizontally or vertically displaceable. In a preferred variant, the perforated plate comprises the rails.

In a further preferred embodiment, the rails to improve the sliding properties on a coating of a lubricant, such as Teflon, on.

According to a preferred embodiment, the base body is a hollow cylindrical or a hollow cuboid base body, so that the cross section of the channel and the secondary air channel corresponding thereto is circular, square or rectangular. Other geometries are also conceivable. With such a Luftjustierorgan existing coke ovens of the type "non-recovery" or "heat recovery" can be retrofitted easily and cost-effectively.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the base body has a second channel spatially separated from the first channel, wherein the two channels are arranged to each other such that the main body is seen in longitudinal section Y-shaped. Due to the Y-shaped configuration, both channels diverge in the flow direction. This means that the two channels are adjacent to each other on the opposite side of the coke oven, but spatially separated from each other, for example by a partition wall. Subsequently, the course of the two channels to each other such that their distance relative to the longitudinal axis of the base body in the flow direction, ie in the direction of the coke oven, is greater. After the distance reaches a final value, which is determined by the arrangement of the secondary air channels of the coke oven, the course of the two channels can be parallel to each other.

In this way, the air flow of the incoming combustion air of two above or adjacent air ducts can be summarized, so that two secondary air ducts can be supplied simultaneously with combustion air. Likewise, this reduces the adjustment effort.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the cover plate may be divided into two, so that the cover plate consists of two cover plate elements.

Preferably, the Luftjustierorgan two perforated plates, so that a perforated plate is provided for each of the two channels. For example, each perforated plate may have a different number of air openings.

According to a preferred embodiment, the Luftjustierorgan contains a probe for measuring the air flow through the Luftjustierorgan. Thereby, the amount of air fed by such Luftjustierorgan of the Operational staff are checked so that appropriate countermeasures can be taken if an upper and lower limit is exceeded.

Preferably, the probe is a perforated disc or a metering orifice, which is arranged in one or alternatively in both channels of the base body, so that the air flow can be measured in one or both channels.

In a more preferred embodiment, the probe is an ultrasonic measuring device, which is mounted from the outside on the base body and then the air flow can be measured with this. Also, the ultrasound measurement can be done either on one or alternatively on both channels of the body. An advantage of this design is that such an installation can also be retrofitted.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the perforated plate of the Luftjustierorgans is interchangeable, the perforated plate is thus a separate component of the Luftjustierorgans.

It is advantageous if the perforated plate has a thread and the base body has a corresponding mating thread.

In a further embodiment, the perforated plate can be inserted or screwed to the base body. If the perforated plate is inserted, it may be dimensioned such that it is held solely by the surrounding inner surface of the base body. Alternatively, it is also possible to use corresponding holding elements in order to fix the perforated plate. The holding elements can be attached both to the perforated plate or to the inner surfaces of the base body.

Also preferred is an embodiment in which the base body in the front region, d. H. at the end facing away from the coke oven end of the body, having a corresponding gap, so that the perforated plate can be inserted from the outside, transversely to the longitudinal axis. In this case, a corresponding groove can be provided on the inner surface into which the perforated plate is inserted. In this case, the perforated plate, the gap and the groove may be dimensioned such that an additional seal is not required. It is advantageous if the perforated plate consists of a material which is elastic, for example a plastic.

Preferably, the perforated plate has 1 to 30, more preferably 3 to 20 and most preferably 5 to 15 openings for metering the air flow of the combustion air. If two perforated plates are provided, each perforated plate may have 1 to 15, more preferably 3 to 10 and most preferably 5 to 8 openings. In a further preferred embodiment, each perforated plate has a different number of openings.

According to a preferred embodiment, the perforated plate comprises nozzles. In the simplest case, the nozzles are formed through the openings in the perforated plate. The cross section may be circular, three, four, six or octagonal. The nozzles preferably have a constant cross-sectional area in the flow direction. Alternatively, nozzles with decreasing cross-sectional areas in the flow direction are possible. The cross-sectional area of an opening is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 40 cm ² , more preferably in the range of 3 to 40 cm ^2, and most preferably in the range of 12 to 30 cm ² .

In a further preferred embodiment, the nozzles are separate components which are attached to the perforated plate.

It is preferred that the nozzle has a thread and the opening has a mating thread into which the nozzle can be screwed.

Also preferred is a pluggable nozzle. In such an embodiment, one end of the pluggable nozzle and the corresponding opening in the perforated plate has a circular, three, four, six or octagonal cross section. Preferably, the cross section is hexagonal.

Due to the fact that the nozzles can be screwed or plugged in, in an advantageous variant, individual openings can be closed by a corresponding orifice nozzle. Thus, a further fine adjustment of the amount of combustion air can take place.

Preferably, the nozzles have a cross-sectional area for air flow in the range of 1.7 to 33 cm ² , more preferably in the range of 0.7 to 20 cm ² , more preferably in the range of 0.7 to 7 cm ^2, and most preferably in Range from 1.7 to 7 cm ² .

In a further preferred embodiment, the nozzles have a diameter for the air flow of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mm.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the nozzles are marked in color, so that nozzles with different diameters have different colors. As a result, the operating personnel can recognize immediately on the basis of the color of the nozzle immediately how high the currently entering amount of combustion air is in the coke oven.

According to a preferred embodiment, the perforated plate and / or the cover plate made a heat-resistant metal and / or plastic. Suitable materials for this are the steel grades St37, St44, St52 or 15 Mo3 as well as the gray cast iron grades GG25, GG30 or GG40.

Preferably, the cover plate comprises an actuating device with which it interacts.

The adjusting device comprises in a preferred embodiment, a push rod on which the cover plate, preferably a plurality of cover plates, is arranged via suitable elements. The push rod can be moved mechanically by hand, a point switch or a servomotor. It is also possible to use pneumatic or hydraulic drives.

In an alternative embodiment, the cover plate is brought alone by the adjusting device in the desired position, so that rails in which the cover plate running can be omitted.

In an advantageous embodiment, the position of the push rod can be monitored via limit switches and optionally changed by a corresponding signal according to a logic circuit. Preferred limit switches are electromechanical, electromagnetic, inductive or optical limit switches.

The monitoring of the limit switches can be monitored locally or alternatively in a control room by the responsible operating personnel.

The invention further relates to a coke oven with a Sekundärheizraum, in particular a coke oven of the type "non-recovery" or "heat recovery" containing the Luftjustierorgan invention.

Furthermore, the invention comprises a coke oven bank containing 3 to 50, preferably 8 to 36 of the coke ovens according to the invention.

• – bereitstellen eines Koksofens, bevorzugt einer Koksofenbank enthaltend das erfindungsgemäße Luftjustierorgan,
• – steuern des Luftdurchflusses der einströmenden Verbrennungsluft in die Sekundärluftkanäle des Koksofens, bevorzugt der Koksöfen der Koksofenbank, während eines Verkokungsprozesses mit dem Luftjustierorgan.

In addition, the invention relates to a method for metering combustion air from secondary air ducts of a coke oven, preferably the coke ovens of a coke oven bank, comprising the method steps:

• Provision of a coke oven, preferably a coke oven bank containing the air adjuster according to the invention,
• Controlling the air flow of the incoming combustion air into the secondary air ducts of the coke oven, preferably the coke ovens of the coke oven bank, during a coking process with the Luftjustierorgan.

The coke oven is preferably a coke oven of the "non-recovery" or "heat-recovery" type.

• – verschließen des erfindungsgemäßen Luftjustierorgans, so dass kein Luftdurchfluss erfolgt,
• – befüllen des Koksofens, bevorzugt der Koksöfen der Koksofenbank mit Kohle,
• – vorgaren der Kohle,
• – öffnen des Luftjustierorgans, so dass ein Luftdurchfluss erfolgt,
• – hauptgaren der Kohle, und
• – verstellen des Luftjustierorgans, so dass der Luftdurchfluss gedrosselt oder verschlossen wird.

The present invention also relates to a process for the coking of coal with a coke oven, preferably the coke ovens of a coke oven bank, comprising the process steps:

• Closing the air adjustment device according to the invention so that no air flow takes place,
• Filling the coke oven, preferably the coke ovens of the coke oven bank with coal,
• - pre-cooking the coal,
• - open the Luftjustierorgans, so that an air flow takes place,
• - main cooking of coal, and
• - Adjusting the air adjustment device so that the air flow is throttled or closed.

Preferably, the Luftjustierorgan can remain closed for up to 5 hours after filling, so that in the first 5 hours no air flow through the Luftjustierorgan done. More preferably, the Luftjustierorgan remains closed in the range of 0.03 to 0.5 hours after filling the coke oven.

Preferably, the Luftjustierorgan is adjusted in the period of 30 to 80% of a cooking period. One fermentation period includes the pre-cooking and the main cooking of the coal.

In this case, different process variants are possible, with typical cooking periods being 20 to 96 h. For example, the air flow can be throttled by half after 50% of the cooking period and completely throttled in a second step after 75% of the cooking period, so that no air flow occurs for the further main cooking period. In a further exemplary variant of the method, the air flow can be completely throttled after 65% of the heating period, so that the air flow is reduced from 100% to 0%. Adjusting the Luftjustierorgans can - as shown - done stepwise, or run continuously. For example, the air flow may be gradually throttled from 50% to 80% of the booster period from 100% to 0% air flow.

The coke oven is preferably a coke oven of the "non-recovery" or "heat-recovery" type.

The present invention also relates to the use of the Luftjustierorgans invention for metering combustion air from secondary air ducts of a coke oven, preferably coke ovens a coke oven bank, preferably a coke oven type "non-recovery" or "heat recovery".

Brief description of the drawings

In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to drawings. In detail show:

1 a lateral cross section of Luftjustierorgans invention,

2 a front view of Luftjustierorgans invention,

3 a perspective view of arranged in series Luftjustierorganen.

Description of the Preferred Embodiments

1 shows a lateral cross-section of Luftjustierorgans invention 1 , The air adjuster 1 comprises a Y-shaped main body 2 having a first channel 3 and a second channel 4 , the first channel 3 spatially through a partition 5 is separated, so through each of the channels 3 . 4 a separate air flow can flow. As in 1 shown, two channels diverge 3 . 4 in flow direction (see arrow). The air adjuster 1 further comprises a perforated plate 6 with fourteen nozzles 7 (please refer 2 ). The nozzles 7 are arranged V-shaped to each other. In an exemplary illustration, the first channel 3 two 30 mm, one 40 mm and four 10 mm nozzles 7 and the second channel 4 have five 10 mm nozzles and two nozzles. As in the cross-sectional view in 1 shown, the channel cross-section tapers in the flow direction (see arrow).

In 3 is a perspective view of arranged in series Luftjustierorgane 1 shown with the main body 2 , the perforated plate 6 and a cover plate 8th , The cover plates 8th the respective Luftjustierorgane 1 have retaining elements 9 on, with which the cover plates 8th on a linkage 10 an adjusting device are attached.

Industrial Applicability

Luftjustierorgane of the type described above are used for metering combustion air from secondary air ducts of a coke oven.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Luftjustierorgan

2

body

3

First channel

4

Second channel

5

partition wall

6

perforated plate

7

jet

8th

cover

9

retaining elements

10

linkage

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102008064209 [0003]
• DE 102008049316 B3 [0003, 0006]

Claims (15)

Air adjustment member for metering combustion air of secondary air ducts of a coke oven containing A base body with a first channel, - At least one perforated plate, and - A front in the flow direction cover plate, with the air flow through the perforated plate is controllably adjustable. Luftjustierorgan according to claim 1, wherein the base body is a hollow cylindrical body or a hollow cuboid base body. Luftjustierorgan according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the base body has a second channel spatially separated from the first channel and the base body is seen in longitudinal section Y-shaped. Air adjuster according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, further comprising a probe for measuring the air flow through the Luftjustierorgan. Luftjustierorgan according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 4, wherein the perforated plate is replaceable. Air adjuster according to one of the preceding claims 1-5, wherein the perforated plate has 1 to 30 air openings for metering the air flow of the combustion air. Air adjuster according to one of the preceding claims 1-6, wherein the perforated plate comprises nozzles. Luftjustierorgan according to any one of the preceding claims 1-7, wherein the perforated plate and / or the cover plate made of a heat-resistant metal and / or plastic. Luftjustierorgan according to any one of the preceding claims 1-8, wherein the cover plate comprises an actuating device and cooperates with this. Coke oven with a Sekundärheizraum containing the Luftjustierorgan according to any one of the preceding claims 1-9. Coke oven bank containing 3 to 50 coke ovens according to claim 10. Method for metering combustion air from secondary air ducts of a coke oven, preferably the coke ovens of a coke oven bank, comprising the method steps: Provision of a coke oven, preferably a coke oven bank containing an air adjuster according to any one of claims 1-9, Controlling the air flow of the incoming combustion air into the secondary air ducts of the coke oven, preferably the coke ovens of the coke oven bank, during a coking process. Process for the coking of coal with a coke oven, preferably the coke ovens of a coke oven bank, comprising the process steps: Closing a Luftjustierorgans according to any one of claims 1-9, so that no air flow occurs, Filling the coke oven, preferably the coke ovens of the coke oven bank with coal, - pre-cooking the coal, - open the Luftjustierorgans, so that an air flow takes place, - main cooking of coal, and - Adjusting the Luftjustierorgans, so that the air flow is throttled. The method of claim 13, wherein the Luftjustierorgan is adjusted in the period of 30 to 80 a cooking period. Use of a Luftjustierorgans according to any one of claims 1-9 for metering combustion air from secondary air ducts of a coke oven, preferably coke ovens a coke oven bank.

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