EP2860468B1 - Heating boiler - Google Patents

Heating boiler Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2860468B1
EP2860468B1 EP12864957.1A EP12864957A EP2860468B1 EP 2860468 B1 EP2860468 B1 EP 2860468B1 EP 12864957 A EP12864957 A EP 12864957A EP 2860468 B1 EP2860468 B1 EP 2860468B1
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Prior art keywords
chamber
reaction chamber
combustion
combustion chamber
openings
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2860468A4 (en
EP2860468A2 (en
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Jirgalbek Omuralievitch Sarymsakov
Talgat Bekuzakovisch Tursunov
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24BDOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/006Stoves or ranges incorporating a catalytic combustor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23BMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B10/00Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers
    • F23B10/02Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers including separate secondary combustion chambers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23BMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B60/00Combustion apparatus in which the fuel burns essentially without moving
    • F23B60/02Combustion apparatus in which the fuel burns essentially without moving with combustion air supplied through a grate
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23BMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B90/00Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
    • F23B90/04Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
    • F23B90/08Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion in the presence of catalytic material
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23LSUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F23L9/06Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel  by discharging the air into the fire bed
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24BDOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/02Closed stoves
    • F24B1/026Closed stoves with several combustion zones
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/0027Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters using fluid fuel
    • F24H1/0045Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters using fluid fuel with catalytic combustion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H2230/00Solid fuel fired boiler

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heating boiler with a fire chamber according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention can be used in a boiler construction for solid fuels for the heating of household and industrial spaces with a possibility of recovery of carbonaceous waste.
  • An exhaust pipe connects the combustion chamber and the thermostatic chamber.
  • a technical result of this embodiment consists in a Nachbrennverêtung the exhaust gases and in a safety increase of the device.
  • the lack of the known boiler is a low working efficiency, which is due to the fact that the post combustion of the exhaust gases in the upper air supply into the combustion zone in the upper part of the combustion chamber is spontaneous.
  • regulation of the oxygen super-air supply in proportion to the gases formed is not provided.
  • a larger amount of fire gas will escape in the boiler, and a larger amount of oxygen will be required for its full combustion.
  • the nozzles can only pass a fixed amount of air, so unburned fire gases go into the atmosphere, which reduces the operating characteristics.
  • a furnace, an air duct and a heat exchanger are selected (Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2408822, F24B5 / 02, published in 2011), which has a fire chamber with an ash trap, an afterburner, a heat exchanger and a flue pipe connected to each other are connected via exhaust ducts.
  • the afterburner chamber is disposed in a firebox and formed in the form of a horizontally located cylindrical tube. It is supplied by a vortex pattern and an air duct in the form of an additional tube, which is arranged after the tube axes of the afterburner.
  • a reheat tube is provided near the front wall of the combustion chamber with longitudinal cuts with a formation of blades.
  • the vortex image is in the form of bent vanes, and the tube opening is closed at the front.
  • the shortcoming of the prototype furnace, air duct and heat exchanger is its low work efficiency due to incomplete combustion of the fuel. This is due to the fact that the ratio of the leaked fuel gases to the feed air has an unstable character.
  • the gas formation processes depend on the temperature in the combustion chamber, which is also unstable.
  • the amount of air that arrives at a steady rate is not proportional to the rate of reaction of the fuel combustion.
  • there is a deficit of oxygen or excess which complicates regulation and violates the fuel to air ratio. If you increase the supply of first air under the grate, then the particles of fuel, which is located on the grid, the air rush act.
  • the air rush which counteracts the gravity of the fuel particles, proves to be levitating in a hovering state, which increases the thickness of the burning layer or does not burn it out of the chamber at the expense of increased vortex formation.
  • Fr 2,886,277 A1 discloses an apparatus having a combustion chamber with a fuel connected to an afterburner chamber via a combustion reactor.
  • the reactor is provided with an air inlet and a section for mixing the fuel and an oxidant, e.g. For example, air.
  • the post-combustion chamber has an after-combustion gas which is withdrawn via an evacuation tube which is concentric with a tube of the combustion reactor.
  • the heating boiler has a firebox, in the combustion chamber of which a post-combustion chamber in the form of a horizontally located cylindrical tube with a closed end face and openings on its surface and an ash deposit are arranged.
  • the heating boiler is connected to a forced feed source for an oxidizer.
  • the heating boiler on a heat exchanger and a flue pipe, which are connected to each other via exhaust ducts.
  • the afterburner chamber is formed with longitudinal inclined edges on its side surface and openings therebetween, and is provided with a reaction chamber in the form of a cylinder having openings on its side surface provided.
  • the cylinder is coaxial therewith and disposed with an annular clearance connected to a forced feed channel for the oxidizer.
  • the reaction chamber is connected to the heat exchanger via a catalyst which is arranged in its free end face.
  • Guide rails from the cylindrical tube of the post-combustion chamber and the reaction chamber are in the form of ovals whose major axes are perpendicular to the base of the combustion chamber.
  • the execution of the afterburner chamber with the longitudinal inclined edges on the side surface and the openings therebetween provided with the reaction chamber in the form of a cylinder with the openings on its side surface disposed therein coaxially and with an annular clearance provided with a forced feed passage for the oxidizer is associated contributes to a heterogeneous effect of the fuel combustion on various gasification steps and provides Nachbrenn discipline for exhaust gases in the eddy current, which contributes to a balanced stable maintenance of a high temperature in the firebox and to a uniformity of the thermal processes.
  • This phenomenon is due to the fact that the combustion processes take place during concentrated heating and solid fuel combustion in which the contents of the volatile and solid carbon contents are not constant, since the interacting components are in different states of aggregation.
  • the various volatiles differ in different initial temperatures, and process is extended during its allocation. Therefore, its final step is combined with firing in a reaction chamber where it enters through the openings on the side surfaces of a reheat chamber and a reaction chamber.
  • the number of reacted carbon of the number of oxidant supplied becomes stable correspond.
  • the burning process of pure carbon in a reaction chamber is self-regulated, which also contributes to full fuel combustion. With stable oxidant consumption, the number of burned fuel also becomes stable at the expense of an aerodynamic reactive effect in the afterburner chamber.
  • the change in thermal stress is produced at the expense of regulating the oxidant feed to the post-combustion chamber with the simultaneous oxidant feed to the ash.
  • the communication of a reaction chamber with a heat exchanger through the catalyst allows to catch different resinous and solid fuel particles, which substantially reduces the toxicity of exhaust gases.
  • the ecological characteristics are improved, since the catalyst prevents the agglomeration or burning of active component in the heterogeneous catalysis. This allows to maintain a high contact area of active material and reagents.
  • the design of the guide rails from the cylindrical tube of the post-combustion chamber and the reaction chamber in the form of ovals, whose large axes are perpendicular to the base of the combustion chamber, contributes to the concentration of infrared radiation from their walls. This improves the gasification of solid fuel and the stabilization of the interaction processes of the oxidizer with the carbon of the fuel under the conditions of high temperatures. As a result, the coal mass burns most effectively, so that the utility of the boiler is increased overall.
  • the boiler takes on a fire chamber, which consists of a combustion chamber 1 with a tightly closed hatch 2 and a door 3, a grid 4 and an ash case 5 with a sealed door 6.
  • a post-combustion chamber 7 is arranged at the level of the door 3.
  • the afterburner chamber 7 is formed in the form of a horizontally located cylindrical tube 8 with longitudinal inclined edges 9 on its side surface. Between the edges 9 8 openings 10 are formed on the tube.
  • a reaction chamber 12 which is formed in the form of a cylinder 13 with openings 14 on their side surfaces.
  • the annular clearance 11 is connected via a channel 15 to a forced supply source of oxidizing agent in the form of a fan 16.
  • the fan 16 is connected via a channel 17 with the ash case 5.
  • the free end face of the cylinder 13 of the reaction chamber 12 is connected via a catalyst 18, for.
  • an oxidizing support SiO 2, Al 2 O 3 and SiC
  • a heat exchanger 19 in the upper part of a chimney 20 is formed.
  • the boiler works in the following way:
  • an easily inflamed material - firewood - is set up and lit by the door 3 on the grate 4.
  • a set of coal of different fraction is fed to the firing layer.
  • the fan 16 After the firing of the firewood and the laying of the foundation of a coal charge the fan 16 is started, which compresses through the channels 15 and 17, the oxidizing agent - the air - in the annular clearance 11 and the ash case 5 accordingly.
  • the oxidizing agent from the ash deposit 5 passes through the grate 4 directly into the zone of the firing layer and accelerates the burning process of Coal and the process of separation of pyrolysis gases in the combustion chamber.
  • In the combustion chamber 1 is a deep decomposition of organic carbon on solid and gaseous fractions happens.
  • the gases accompanying the thermal reactions pass through the apertures 10 into the annular clearance 11 in which the combustion reaction steps proceed at a significant rate and enter the reaction chamber 12 through the apertures 14.
  • the temperature is at the expense of a high concentration of infrared radiation raised from the walls formed by their oval profile. This ensures an optimal burning rate of fire gases.
  • the fuel gases pass through the catalyst 18, z. Oxidation support (SiO 2, Al 2 O 3 and SiC), where a decomposition reaction of the final hydrocarbons takes place.
  • Their firing process is terminated with formation with the exit of thermal streams passing through the heat exchanger 19, where intensive cooling occurs, and then they pass through the chimney 20 into the external environment.
  • the loaded into the combustion chamber 1 fuel lowers depending on its burning under its own weight and requires no additional feeders.
  • the heating boiler of the offered construction has a high efficiency, corresponds to the conditions of an ecological and a fire safety and is besides user-friendly. An industrial sample has been made and thermal tests have been carried out to determine the efficiency and standards of the efficiency of harmful emissions to the atmosphere.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Heizungskessel mit einer Feuerkammer nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a heating boiler with a fire chamber according to the preamble of claim 1.

Die Erfindung ist in einer Kesselkonstruktion für feste Brennstoffe für die Beheizung von Haushalts- und industriellen Räumen mit einer Verwertungsmöglichkeit von kohlenstoffhaltigen Abfällen einsetzbar.The invention can be used in a boiler construction for solid fuels for the heating of household and industrial spaces with a possibility of recovery of carbonaceous waste.

Bekannt ist ein katalytischer Kessel mit einer verzögerten Verbrennung (Patent der Russischen Föderation Nr. 2319909, F24H1/46, F23B 10/00, veröff. 2008r.), der aus einem Brennraum besteht, unter dem ein Aschefall mit einer Aschefalltür und einem Gitterrost angeordnet ist. Rund um den Kessel sind von der inneren Seite aus senkrecht gerade Konvektorenrohre aufgebaut. Im Oberteil des Brennraums befindet sich eine Abteilungswand, die eine Nachbrennkammer und eine Wärmeaustauschkammer ausbildet. Die Nachbrenneinrichtung besteht aus einem Körper, in dessen Falze zwei katalytische Gitter eingestellt sind, zwischen denen Düsen einer Oberluftzuführung aufgestellt sind. Die Zahl der Oberluftzuführung kontrollieren blattartige Bimetallventile. Heiße Feuergase aus der Wärmeaustauschkammer gelangen in eine Thermostatkammer. Eine Abgasleitung verbindet den Brennraum und die Thermostatkammer. Ein technisches Ergebnis dieser Ausgestaltung besteht in einer Nachbrennverbesserung der Abgase und in einer Sicherheitserhöhung der Einrichtung.
Der Mangel des bekannten Kessels ist eine niedrige Arbeitseffektivität, die dadurch bedingt ist, dass die Nachbrennung der Abgase bei der Oberluftzuführung in die Brennzone im Oberteil des Brennraums spontan erfolgt. In der Konstruktion ist eine Regulierung der Sauerstoffoberluftzuführung im proportionalen Verhältnis zu den ausgebildeten Gasen nicht vorgesehen. Bei einer erhöhten Temperatur wird im Kessel ein größerer Umfang von Feuergasen entweichen, und für ihre volle Verbrennung ist ein größerer Umfang von Sauerstoff erforderlich. Die Düsen können nur eine fixierte Luftmenge hindurchlassen, daher gehen nicht verbrannte Feuergase in die Atmosphäre ein, was die Betriebskennziffern verringert.
Als Prototyp ist ein Ofen, ein Luftkanal und ein Wärmeaustauscher gewählt (Patent der Russischen Föderation Nr. 2408822, F24B5/02, veröff. in 2011), der eine Feuerkammer mit einem Aschefall, eine Nachbrennkammer, einen Wärmeaustauscher und ein Rauchabzugsrohr aufweist, die miteinander über Abgaskanäle verbunden sind. Die Nachbrennkammer ist in einer Feuerkammer angeordnet und in Form von einem horizontal gelegenen zylindrischen Rohr ausgebildet. Sie ist von einem Wirbelbilder und einem Luftkanal in Form von einem zusätzlichen Rohr versorgt, das nach den Rohrachsen der Nachbrennkammer angeordnet ist. Ein Nachbrennrohr ist nahe der Vorderwand der Brennkammer mit längsläufigen Einschnitten mit einer Bildung von Schaufeln versehen. Der Wirbelbilder ist in Form von eingebogenen Schaufeln ausgebildet, und die Rohröffnung ist an der Stirnseite geschlossen.
It is known a catalytic boiler with a delayed combustion (Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2319909, F24H1 / 46, F23B 10/00, published 2008r.), Which consists of a combustion chamber, arranged under an ash with an ash trap door and a grid is. Around the boiler vertical straight convector pipes are built from the inner side. In the upper part of the combustion chamber is a compartment wall which forms a secondary combustion chamber and a heat exchange chamber. The Nachbrenneinrichtung consists of a body in the fold two catalytic lattice are set between which nozzles of a top air supply are placed. The number of the upper air supply control sheet-like bimetallic valves. Hot fire gases from the heat exchange chamber enter a thermostatic chamber. An exhaust pipe connects the combustion chamber and the thermostatic chamber. A technical result of this embodiment consists in a Nachbrennverbesserung the exhaust gases and in a safety increase of the device.
The lack of the known boiler is a low working efficiency, which is due to the fact that the post combustion of the exhaust gases in the upper air supply into the combustion zone in the upper part of the combustion chamber is spontaneous. In the design, regulation of the oxygen super-air supply in proportion to the gases formed is not provided. At an elevated temperature, a larger amount of fire gas will escape in the boiler, and a larger amount of oxygen will be required for its full combustion. The nozzles can only pass a fixed amount of air, so unburned fire gases go into the atmosphere, which reduces the operating characteristics.
As a prototype, a furnace, an air duct and a heat exchanger are selected (Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2408822, F24B5 / 02, published in 2011), which has a fire chamber with an ash trap, an afterburner, a heat exchanger and a flue pipe connected to each other are connected via exhaust ducts. The afterburner chamber is disposed in a firebox and formed in the form of a horizontally located cylindrical tube. It is supplied by a vortex pattern and an air duct in the form of an additional tube, which is arranged after the tube axes of the afterburner. A reheat tube is provided near the front wall of the combustion chamber with longitudinal cuts with a formation of blades. The vortex image is in the form of bent vanes, and the tube opening is closed at the front.

Der Mangel des als Prototyp gewählten Ofens, des Luftkanals und des Wärmeaustauschers ist seine niedrige Arbeitseffektivität wegen einer unvollständigen Verbrennung des Brennstoffs. Dies ist dadurch bedingt, dass das Verhältnis von den entwichenen Brenngasen zur Speiseluft einen instabilen Charakter aufweist. Die Gasbildungsprozesse hängen von der Temperatur in der Brennkammer ab, die auch instabil ist. Die Luftmenge, die mit einer gleichmäßigen Geschwindigkeit eintrifft, ist der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit der Brennstoffverbrennung nicht proportional. Als Folge davon entsteht ein Defizit an Sauerstoff oder ein Überfluss, was die Regulierung verkompliziert und das Verhältnis von Brennstoff zur Luft verletzt. Wenn man die Erstluftzufuhr unter den Gitterrost vergrößert, so wird auf die Teilchen von Brennstoff, der sich auf dem Gitter befindet, der Luftandrang einwirken. Der Luftandrang, der der Schwerkraft der Brennstoffteilchen entgegenwirkt, erweist sich in einem Schwebezustand im Aufwind, was die Dicke der Brennschicht vergrößert oder sie aus der Kammer nicht verbrennend auf Kosten einer verstärkten Wirbelbildung herausträgt.The shortcoming of the prototype furnace, air duct and heat exchanger is its low work efficiency due to incomplete combustion of the fuel. This is due to the fact that the ratio of the leaked fuel gases to the feed air has an unstable character. The gas formation processes depend on the temperature in the combustion chamber, which is also unstable. The amount of air that arrives at a steady rate is not proportional to the rate of reaction of the fuel combustion. As a result, there is a deficit of oxygen or excess, which complicates regulation and violates the fuel to air ratio. If you increase the supply of first air under the grate, then the particles of fuel, which is located on the grid, the air rush act. The air rush, which counteracts the gravity of the fuel particles, proves to be levitating in a hovering state, which increases the thickness of the burning layer or does not burn it out of the chamber at the expense of increased vortex formation.

Fr 2 886 277 A1 offenbart eine Vorrichtung mit einer Verbrennungskammer mit einem Brennstoff, die mit einer Nachverbrennungskammer über einen Verbrennungsreaktor verbunden ist. Der Reaktor ist versehen mit einem Lufteinlass und einem Abschnitt zur Mischung des Brennstoffs und eines Oxidans, z. B. Luft. Die Nachverbrennungskammer weist ein Nachverbrennungsgas auf, das über eine Evakuierungsröhre abgezogen wird, die konzentrisch zu einer Röhre des Verbrennungsreaktors ist. Fr 2,886,277 A1 discloses an apparatus having a combustion chamber with a fuel connected to an afterburner chamber via a combustion reactor. The reactor is provided with an air inlet and a section for mixing the fuel and an oxidant, e.g. For example, air. The post-combustion chamber has an after-combustion gas which is withdrawn via an evacuation tube which is concentric with a tube of the combustion reactor.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, die Betriebskennziffern auf Kosten einer Erhöhung der Verbrennungsreife des Brennstoffs zu erhöhen.
Die gestellte Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.
Dies wird dadurch erreicht, dass der Heizungskessel eine Feuerkammer aufweist, in deren Brennkammer eine Nachbrennkammer in Form von einem horizontal gelegenen zylindrischen Rohr mit einer geschlossenen Stirnseite und Öffnungen auf ihrer Oberfläche und ein Aschefall angeordnet sind. Der Heizungskessel ist mit einer Zwangszuführungsquelle für ein Oxidiermittel verbunden. Zudem weist der Heizungskessel einen Wärmeaustauscher und ein Rauchabzugsrohr auf, die miteinander über Abgaskanäle verbunden sind. Die Nachbrennkammer ist mit längsläufigen geneigten Rändern auf ihrer Seitenoberfläche und Öffnungen dazwischen ausgebildet und ist mit einer Reaktionskammer in Form von einem Zylinder mit Öffnungen auf ihrer Seitenoberfläche versorgt. Der Zylinder ist darin koaxial und mit einem Ringspielraum angeordnet, der mit einem Zwangszuführungskanal für das Oxidiermittel verbunden ist. Die Reaktionskammer ist mit dem Wärmeaustauscher über einen Katalysator verbunden, der in ihrer freien Stirnseite angeordnet ist.
It is an object of the invention to increase the operating characteristics at the expense of increasing the combustion maturity of the fuel.
The stated object is solved by the features of claim 1.
This is achieved in that the heating boiler has a firebox, in the combustion chamber of which a post-combustion chamber in the form of a horizontally located cylindrical tube with a closed end face and openings on its surface and an ash deposit are arranged. The heating boiler is connected to a forced feed source for an oxidizer. In addition, the heating boiler on a heat exchanger and a flue pipe, which are connected to each other via exhaust ducts. The afterburner chamber is formed with longitudinal inclined edges on its side surface and openings therebetween, and is provided with a reaction chamber in the form of a cylinder having openings on its side surface provided. The cylinder is coaxial therewith and disposed with an annular clearance connected to a forced feed channel for the oxidizer. The reaction chamber is connected to the heat exchanger via a catalyst which is arranged in its free end face.

Führungsschienen vom zylindrischen Rohr der Nachbrennkammer und der Reaktionskammer sind in Form von Ovalen ausgebildet, deren große Achsen zur Basis der Brennkammer senkrecht verlaufen.Guide rails from the cylindrical tube of the post-combustion chamber and the reaction chamber are in the form of ovals whose major axes are perpendicular to the base of the combustion chamber.

Die Ausführung der Nachbrennkammer mit den längsläufigen geneigten Rändern auf der Seitenoberfläche und den Öffnungen dazwischen, die mit der Reaktionskammer in Form von einem Zylinder mit den Öffnungen auf ihrer Seitenoberfläche versorgt ist, der darin koaxial und mit einem Ringspielraum angeordnet ist, der mit einem Zwangszuführungskanal für das Oxidiermittel verbunden ist, trägt zu einem heterogenen Effekt der Brennstoffverbrennung auf verschiedenen Vergasungsschritten bei und schafft Nachbrennbedingungen für Abgase im Wirbelstrom, was zu einer ausgeglichen stabilen Aufrechterhaltung einer hohen Temperatur in der Feuerkammer und zu einer Gleichmäßigkeit der thermischen Prozesse beiträgt.The execution of the afterburner chamber with the longitudinal inclined edges on the side surface and the openings therebetween provided with the reaction chamber in the form of a cylinder with the openings on its side surface disposed therein coaxially and with an annular clearance provided with a forced feed passage for the oxidizer is associated contributes to a heterogeneous effect of the fuel combustion on various gasification steps and provides Nachbrennbedingungen for exhaust gases in the eddy current, which contributes to a balanced stable maintenance of a high temperature in the firebox and to a uniformity of the thermal processes.

Diese Erscheinung ist dadurch bedingt, dass die Brennprozesse beim konzentrierten Erwärmen und bei der Verbrennung von festem Brennstoff ablaufen, in dem die Verhältnisse des Inhalts der flüchtigen Stoffe und festem Kohlenstoff nicht ständig sind, da sich die zusammenwirkenden Komponenten in verschiedenen Aggregatzuständen befinden. Dabei unterscheiden sich nach dem Bestand die vielfältigen flüchtigen Stoffe durch verschiedene Ausgangstemperaturen, und der Prozess ist in der Zeit ihrer Absonderung ausgedehnt. Deshalb wird sein Endschritt mit dem Brennen in einer Reaktionskammer kombiniert, wohin sie durch die Öffnungen auf den Seitenoberflächen einer Nachbrennkammer und einer Reaktionskammer eingehen. So wird die Zahl von ausreagiertem Kohlenstoff der Zahl von zugeführtem Oxidiermittel stabil entsprechen. Der Brennprozess von reinem Kohlenstoff in einer Reaktionskammer wird selbst reguliert, was auch zur vollen Brennstoffverbrennung beiträgt. Beim stabilen Oxidiermittelverbrauch wird die Zahl von verbranntem Brennstoff auf Kosten von einem aerodynamischen reaktiven Effekt in der Nachbrennkammer auch stabil. Die Veränderung der thermischen Belastung wird auf Kosten der Regulierung der Oxidiermittelzufuhr in die Nachbrennkammer mit der gleichzeitigen Oxidiermittelzufuhr in den Aschefall erzeugt.This phenomenon is due to the fact that the combustion processes take place during concentrated heating and solid fuel combustion in which the contents of the volatile and solid carbon contents are not constant, since the interacting components are in different states of aggregation. At the same time on structure the various volatiles differ in different initial temperatures, and process is extended during its allocation. Therefore, its final step is combined with firing in a reaction chamber where it enters through the openings on the side surfaces of a reheat chamber and a reaction chamber. Thus, the number of reacted carbon of the number of oxidant supplied becomes stable correspond. The burning process of pure carbon in a reaction chamber is self-regulated, which also contributes to full fuel combustion. With stable oxidant consumption, the number of burned fuel also becomes stable at the expense of an aerodynamic reactive effect in the afterburner chamber. The change in thermal stress is produced at the expense of regulating the oxidant feed to the post-combustion chamber with the simultaneous oxidant feed to the ash.

Die Mitteilung einer Reaktionskammer mit einem Wärmeaustauscher durch den Katalysator, der in ihrer freien Stirnseite angeordnet ist, lässt zu, verschiedene harzige und feste Brennteilchen zu fangen, was die Giftigkeit von Auspuffgasen wesentlich verringert. Dadurch sind die ökologischen Kennziffern verbessert, da der Katalysator in der heterogenen Katalyse die Agglomeration oder das Anbrennen von aktiver Komponente verhindert. Dies lässt zu, eine hohe Kontaktfläche von aktivem Stoff und Reagenzien einzuhalten.The communication of a reaction chamber with a heat exchanger through the catalyst, which is arranged in its free end face, allows to catch different resinous and solid fuel particles, which substantially reduces the toxicity of exhaust gases. As a result, the ecological characteristics are improved, since the catalyst prevents the agglomeration or burning of active component in the heterogeneous catalysis. This allows to maintain a high contact area of active material and reagents.

Die Ausführung der Führungsschienen vom zylindrischem Rohr der Nachbrennkammer und der Reaktionskammer in Form von Ovalen, deren große Achsen zur Basis der Brennkammer senkrecht sind, trägt zur Konzentration der Infrarotausstrahlung von ihren Wänden bei. Dies verbessert die Vergasung von festem Brennstoff und die Stabilisierung der Wechselwirkungsprozesse des Oxidiermittels mit dem Kohlenstoff des Brennstoffs unter den Bedingungen der hohen Temperaturen. Daraufhin verbrennt die Kohlenmasse am wirksamsten, so dass die Nutzwirkung des Kessels insgesamt erhöht wird.The design of the guide rails from the cylindrical tube of the post-combustion chamber and the reaction chamber in the form of ovals, whose large axes are perpendicular to the base of the combustion chamber, contributes to the concentration of infrared radiation from their walls. This improves the gasification of solid fuel and the stabilization of the interaction processes of the oxidizer with the carbon of the fuel under the conditions of high temperatures. As a result, the coal mass burns most effectively, so that the utility of the boiler is increased overall.

Die Erfindung wird anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
den Heizungskessel im Längsschnitt,
Fig. 2
die Ansicht auf den Heizungskessel nach Fig.1 und
Fig. 3
den Schnitt nach A-A der Fig.1 (Nachbrennkammer im Schnitt).
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1
the heating boiler in longitudinal section,
Fig. 2
the view on the boiler after Fig.1 and
Fig. 3
the cut to AA the Fig.1 (Secondary combustion chamber on average).

Der Heizungskessel nimmt eine Feuerkammer auf, die aus einer Brennkammer 1 mit einer dicht geschlossenen Ladeluke 2 und einer Tür 3, einem Gitterrost 4 und einem Aschefall 5 mit einer dichten Tür 6 besteht. In der Brennkammer 1 ist auf dem Niveau der Tür 3 eine Nachbrennkammer 7 angeordnet. Die Nachbrennkammer 7 ist in Form von einem horizontal gelegenen zylindrischen Rohr 8 mit längsläufigen geneigten Rändern 9 auf ihrer Seitenoberfläche ausgebildet. Zwischen den Rändern 9 sind auf dem Rohr 8 Öffnungen 10 ausgebildet. Im Rohr 8 ist koaxial und mit einem Ringspielraum 11 eine Reaktionskammer 12 angeordnet, die in Form eines Zylinders 13 mit Öffnungen 14 auf ihren Seitenoberflächen ausgebildet ist. Der Ringspielraum 11 ist über einen Kanal 15 mit einer Zwangszuführungsquelle von Oxidiermittel in Form eines Lüfters 16 verbunden. Der Lüfter 16 ist über einen Kanal 17 auch mit dem Aschefall 5 verbunden. Die freie Stirnseite des Zylinders 13 der Reaktionskammer 12 ist über einen Katalysator 18, z. B. eines Oxidierträgers (Si02, A1203 und SiC), mit einem Wärmeaustauscher 19 verbunden, in dessen Oberteil ein Schornstein 20 ausgebildet ist.The boiler takes on a fire chamber, which consists of a combustion chamber 1 with a tightly closed hatch 2 and a door 3, a grid 4 and an ash case 5 with a sealed door 6. In the combustion chamber 1, a post-combustion chamber 7 is arranged at the level of the door 3. The afterburner chamber 7 is formed in the form of a horizontally located cylindrical tube 8 with longitudinal inclined edges 9 on its side surface. Between the edges 9 8 openings 10 are formed on the tube. In the tube 8 is arranged coaxially and with a ring clearance 11, a reaction chamber 12 which is formed in the form of a cylinder 13 with openings 14 on their side surfaces. The annular clearance 11 is connected via a channel 15 to a forced supply source of oxidizing agent in the form of a fan 16. The fan 16 is connected via a channel 17 with the ash case 5. The free end face of the cylinder 13 of the reaction chamber 12 is connected via a catalyst 18, for. B. an oxidizing support (SiO 2, Al 2 O 3 and SiC), connected to a heat exchanger 19, in the upper part of a chimney 20 is formed.

Der Heizungskessel funktioniert auf folgende Weise:The boiler works in the following way:

In der Brennkammer 1 wird durch die Tür 3 auf dem Gitterrost 4 ein leicht zu entzündeter Stoff - Brennholz - aufgestellt und angezündet.In the combustion chamber 1, an easily inflamed material - firewood - is set up and lit by the door 3 on the grate 4.

Durch die Ladeluke 2 wird auf die Brennschicht ein Satz von Kohle verschiedener Fraktion zugeführt. Nach der Anzündung des Brennholzes und der Grundsteinlegung eines Kohlesatzes wird der Lüfter 16 gestartet, der durch die Kanäle 15 und 17 das Oxidiermittel - die Luft - in den Ringspielraum 11 und den Aschefall 5 entsprechend zusammenpresst. Das Oxidiermittel aus dem Aschefall 5 geht durch den Gitterrost 4 unmittelbar in die Zone der Brennschicht ein und beschleunigt den Brennprozess von Kohle und den Prozess der Absonderung von Pyrolysegasen in der Brennkammer. In der Brennkammer 1 geschieht eine tiefe Zerlegung von organischer Kohlemasse auf feste und gasförmige Fraktionen. Die die thermischen Reaktionen begleitenden Gase gelangen durch die Öffnungen 10 in den Ringspielraum 11, in dem die Brennreaktionsschritte mit bedeutender Geschwindigkeit verlaufen, und geraten in die Reaktionskammer 12 durch die Öffnungen 14. In der Reaktionskammer 12 wird die Temperatur auf Kosten einer hohen Konzentration der Infrarotausstrahlung von den Wänden erhöht, die von ihrem ovalen Profil gebildet sind. Dies gewährleistet eine optimale Brenngeschwindigkeit von Feuergasen. Die Brenngase gehen durch den Katalysator 18, z. B. Oxidierträger (Si02, A1203 und SiC), wo eine Zerlegungsreaktion der Endkohlenwasserstoffe erfolgt. Ihr Brennprozess wird mit der Bildung mit dem Ausgang von thermischen Strömen beendet, die durch den Wärmeaustauscher 19 gehen, wo eine intensive eine Kühlleistung geschieht, und anschließend gehen sie durch den Schornstein 20 in die äußere Umgebung hinaus.Through the hatch 2, a set of coal of different fraction is fed to the firing layer. After the firing of the firewood and the laying of the foundation of a coal charge the fan 16 is started, which compresses through the channels 15 and 17, the oxidizing agent - the air - in the annular clearance 11 and the ash case 5 accordingly. The oxidizing agent from the ash deposit 5 passes through the grate 4 directly into the zone of the firing layer and accelerates the burning process of Coal and the process of separation of pyrolysis gases in the combustion chamber. In the combustion chamber 1 is a deep decomposition of organic carbon on solid and gaseous fractions happens. The gases accompanying the thermal reactions pass through the apertures 10 into the annular clearance 11 in which the combustion reaction steps proceed at a significant rate and enter the reaction chamber 12 through the apertures 14. In the reaction chamber 12 the temperature is at the expense of a high concentration of infrared radiation raised from the walls formed by their oval profile. This ensures an optimal burning rate of fire gases. The fuel gases pass through the catalyst 18, z. Oxidation support (SiO 2, Al 2 O 3 and SiC), where a decomposition reaction of the final hydrocarbons takes place. Their firing process is terminated with formation with the exit of thermal streams passing through the heat exchanger 19, where intensive cooling occurs, and then they pass through the chimney 20 into the external environment.

Der in die Brennkammer 1 beladene Brennstoff senkt sich je nach seinem Verbrennen unter dem Eigengewicht und erfordert keine zusätzlichen Zuführungsvorrichtungen.The loaded into the combustion chamber 1 fuel lowers depending on its burning under its own weight and requires no additional feeders.

Der Heizungskessel der angebotenen Konstruktion verfügt über einen hohen Wirkungsgrad, entspricht den Bedingungen einer ökologischen und einer Feuersicherheit und ist zudem bedienungsfreundlich. Es ist ein industrielles Muster hergestellt worden, und es sind wärmetechnische Tests zur Bestimmung des Wirkungsgrads und den Normen des Wirkungsgrads von schädlichen Auswürfen in die Atmosphäre durchgeführt worden.The heating boiler of the offered construction has a high efficiency, corresponds to the conditions of an ecological and a fire safety and is besides user-friendly. An industrial sample has been made and thermal tests have been carried out to determine the efficiency and standards of the efficiency of harmful emissions to the atmosphere.

Claims (2)

  1. A heating boiler having a firebox, in the combustion chamber (1) of which a postcombustion chamber (7), in the form of a horizontally located cylindrical tube (8) with a closed face end and openings (10) on its surface, and an ash trap (6) are located, which communicates with a supply source (16) for oxidation agents, and which has a heat exchanger (19) and a smoke extraction pipe which communicate with one another via exhaust gas conduits (15, 17),
    characterized in that
    the exhaust gas conduit (7) is embodied with elongated, inclined edges (9) on its lateral surface with openings (10) between them,
    that a reaction chamber (12) in the form of a cylinder (13) with openings (14) on its side surface is built into the postcombustion chamber (7) and is located coaxially and having an annular clearance (11),
    that the annular clearance (11) communicates with a forced supply conduit (15) for oxidation agents, and
    that the reaction chamber (12) communicates with a heat exchanger (19) via a catalyst (18), and the catalyst (18) is set up in the free face end of the reaction chamber (12).
  2. The heating boiler of claim 1,
    characterized in that
    guide rails of the cylindrical tube (8) of the postcombustion chamber (7) and of the reaction chamber (12) are embodied in the form of ovals, the long axes of which are oriented perpendicular to the base of the combustion chamber (1).
EP12864957.1A 2012-01-09 2012-11-08 Heating boiler Not-in-force EP2860468B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EA201200425A EA020432B1 (en) 2012-01-09 2012-01-09 Heating boiler
PCT/KZ2012/000010 WO2013105839A2 (en) 2012-01-09 2012-11-08 Heating boiler

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EP2860468A2 EP2860468A2 (en) 2015-04-15
EP2860468A4 EP2860468A4 (en) 2015-11-25
EP2860468B1 true EP2860468B1 (en) 2017-04-26

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EP (1) EP2860468B1 (en)
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EA (1) EA020432B1 (en)
UA (1) UA103957C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2013105839A2 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104848260A (en) * 2015-05-27 2015-08-19 任丘市创新采暖设备有限公司 Multi-fuel and clean-combustion kitchen-work heating stove
CN105020746B (en) * 2015-07-27 2018-08-21 任丘市创新采暖设备有限公司 Clean and effective cooking and heating furnace
RU2735755C1 (en) * 2020-05-26 2020-11-06 Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Научно - Исследовательский Институт Технологий Органической, Неорганической Химии И Биотехнологий" Catalytic furnace for solid wastes combustion

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DE3602285A1 (en) * 1986-01-25 1987-07-30 Energetec Ges Fuer Energietech WARM FURNACE FOR SOLID FUELS
SU1368567A1 (en) * 1986-07-07 1988-01-23 Научно-Исследовательский Институт Санитарной Техники И Оборудования Зданий И Сооружений Furnace for burning wood waste
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UA87442C2 (en) * 2005-02-17 2009-07-27 Евгений Александрович Мамалыга Boiler for burning solid fuel
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WO2013105839A2 (en) 2013-07-18
EP2860468A4 (en) 2015-11-25
CN103196161B (en) 2016-08-03
EA020432B1 (en) 2014-11-28
EP2860468A2 (en) 2015-04-15
CN103196161A (en) 2013-07-10
EA201200425A1 (en) 2013-07-30
WO2013105839A3 (en) 2015-03-12
UA103957C2 (en) 2013-12-10

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