RU2319909C2 - Catalytic boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat supply systems.

SUBSTANCE: boiler comprises ash pit with a door, furnace, and handle of the furnace door. The ash pit with the door, handle of the ash pit door, and fire grate underlie the furnace. The straight vertical convector pipes are mounted to the inner side of the boiler over its periphery. The top section of the furnace has a baffle that forms afterburning chamber and heat exchanging chamber. The afterburning device comprises housing whose grooves receive two catalytic grates. The nozzles for supply of secondary air are interposed between the catalytic grates. The flow rate of the secondary air is controlled by the tab bimetallic valves. The hot furnace gases discharged from the heat exchanging chamber enter the chamber of the temperature control system. The gas duct connects the furnace with the chamber of the temperature control system..

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency and safety.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The slow burning catalytic boiler is a solid fuel furnace designed for heating domestic and industrial premises with the possibility of recycling plastics and rubber.

Known continuous boiler A.S. USSR No. 96994 A, 1954, consisting of: a feed box 1, a collector 6, distribution tubes 7, ring heaters 8 (shells), circulation tubes 11, an annular heater 12, a combustion chamber 13, an annular gap 15, a grate 16, ash box 17, removable vault 19 with a grill, flue pipe 20, cover 21.

Fuel burns in the combustion chamber, secondary air is supplied through the “eye” in the combustion door. The flue gases pass through a removable vault (19) and enter the slots formed by ring heaters (8) and exit through a flue pipe (20). Water enters the feed box (1), through distribution tubes (7) passes into the ring heaters (8), then through two circulation tubes (11) having bends and a “bend” located vertically in the cavity of the combustion chamber (13), in the ring heater (12). Since water is forcedly passed from top to bottom through the circulation tubes (11), they can be considered as connecting, heating, but not convective. In the boiler, the thermal effect on the walls of convector pipes (8) located around the perimeter inside the body, excites an intense upward flow of hot air. Complex pipe configurations and bends significantly increase metal consumption and labor costs for their production. Each bend of the tubular convector leads to additional aerodynamic drag, which reduces the volume of air passing inside it, worsens heat transfer.

In the boiler, a removable arch (19) with gratings is used, which ensures the occurrence of a vortex flow for complete burnout of the fuel. Secondary air passing through the “eye” of the furnace door does not provide catalytic afterburning over the entire area of the removable roof, but only in the sector above the window (18). In the boiler, an afterburning device (12) with two catalytic gratings (13) is used, in the gap between which secondary air nozzles (14) are placed at an angle to the horizontal plane, which ensure the supply of secondary air over the entire area of the catalytic gratings. The correct ratio of secondary air and carbon contained in the flue gases is regulated by petal bimetallic valves (15).

The amount of secondary air supply in the boiler, necessary for complete combustion of the fuel, is regulated by the user. The presence of gates and valves used to adjust the traction and secondary air supply complicates the use of the heater. This leads to a decrease in boiler efficiency and wasteful fuel consumption. A bimetallic thermostat (22) is used in the boiler, which regulates the minimum temperature of the flue gases leaving the chimney (23), which increases the contact time of the flue gases with heat transfer areas and straight convection pipes (8), and increases the efficiency.

The problem solved by the invention is to create a heating device with automatic regulation of traction and automatic control of the secondary air supply during catalytic afterburning, creating conditions for efficient heat transfer and increasing efficiency, increasing fire safety.

The problem is solved in that the known boilers, including a housing, a chimney, a firebox with a door, a grate, an ash pan, convection pipes located inside the boiler and placed around the perimeter inside the housing, passing through a partition that forms an afterburner with an afterburner at the top of the firebox, passing flue gases into the afterburner, and the heat exchange chamber, in accordance with the invention is characterized in that the afterburner has two catalytic gratings, in the gap between which are placed at an angle to the horizontal plane and externally closed by nozzles of bimetallic valves, nozzles for supplying heated secondary air from a vertical channel for heating secondary air formed by the firebox door together with a cover with adjusting screws covering the section of the boiler body at the attachment point of the petal bimetallic valves, the chamber adjoins the boiler back, which is a continuation heat exchange chambers communicated with the chimney and connected to the firebox by the flue duct above which the a bimetallic thermostat located under the chimney is fixed, and convection pipes are made with the possibility of forming a flow of flue gases in the heat exchange chamber, preventing their direct breakthrough into the chimney.

In addition, the chamber, in communication with the chimney and connected to the firebox by the gas duct, is equipped with a gate from the end.

Figure 1 shows a side section of a catalytic slow burning boiler.

Figure 2 shows a front view of a catalytic slow burning boiler without valve cover.

Figure 3 shows a top view of a catalytic slow burning boiler.

The catalytic boiler consists of firebox 1, firebox door 2, firebox door handle 3, ash pan 4, ash pan door 5, ash pan door handle 6, grate 7, convection pipes 8, partitions 9, afterburner 10, heat exchange chamber 11, afterburner 12 , two catalytic grids 13, nozzles for supplying heated secondary air 14, flap bimetallic valves 15, strap 16, fasteners 17, valve covers 18, adjusting screws 19, chamber 20, gas duct 21, bimetallic thermostat 22, chimney 23, gate 24, regul level screw 25, boiler body 26.

In a slow burning catalytic boiler, direct convector pipes (8) are used, which are placed around the perimeter of the boiler body (26). Convection pipes pass through the lower and upper parts of the boiler body and through the partition (9), which in the upper part of the firebox forms a afterburner (10) and a heat exchange chamber (11). Convection pipes (8) in the heat exchange chamber (11) distribute the flow of flue gases and prevent their direct breakthrough into the chimney (23) without the release of thermal energy.

A chamber (20) adjoins the rear part of the boiler body (26), which is a continuation of the heat exchange chamber (11), connected with the chimney (23) and connected to the firebox (1) with a gas duct (21), over which a bimetallic screw is fastened with an adjusting screw (25) thermostat (22). The chamber (20) is equipped with a gate (24) at the end, intended for access to cleaning and adjusting the bimetallic thermostat (22), using the adjusting screw (25), which secures the bimetallic thermostat (22) located under the chimney (23). A bimetallic thermostat (22) is located between the outlet of the gas duct (21) and the chimney (23).

In the catalytic slow burning boiler, a afterburning device (12) is used, located inside the afterburning chamber (10), consisting of a housing and two catalytic gratings (13). In the gap between the catalytic gratings (13), angle nozzles for supplying heated secondary air (14) are placed at an angle to the horizontal, which are externally closed by petal bimetallic valves (15) that can bend as the boiler body warms up. The section of the boiler body on which the flap bimetallic valves are mounted (15) is closed by a valve cover (18) with adjusting screws (19) that limit the maximum opening of the flap bimetallic valves (15), which prevents the catalytic gratings from cooling down (13). The valve cover (18) and the double-walled door of the firebox (2) form a vertical channel for heating the secondary air.

The use of the afterburning device (12), with self-regulation of the secondary air supply, allows the disposal of plastics and rubber. The use of a bimetallic thermostat (22) and a gas duct (21) helps to quickly warm up the chimney (23) to create a stable draft, and to heat the catalytic gratings (13) in the afterburner (12), and in the future the combustion process automatically regulates the temperature of the flue gases, overlooking the chimney (23). The adjusting screw (25) with a bimetallic thermostat (22) allows you to achieve a minimum temperature of the flue gases leaving the chimney, which increases the contact time of the hot flue gases with heat transfer areas and convection pipes (8), increasing the efficiency of the boiler.

The heated secondary air supply nozzles (14) pass the heated secondary air into the afterburning device (12). The heated catalytic lattices (13) create vortex flows and increase the rate of carbon oxidation. Secondary air mixes with carbon residues between the two catalytic gratings (13), creates vortex flows of heated secondary air, which increases the friction of the mixture in the second catalytic lattice, improving the process of carbon burnout. Heated secondary air nozzles (14) are installed at an angle to the horizontal, which prevents the emission of flame and carbon monoxide under the valve cover (18).

When lighted, the catalytic boiler is heated slowly. The flue gases rise under the baffle (9) and enter the gas duct (21), which connects the firebox (1) to the chamber (20). The bimetallic thermostat (22) is open, and the flue gases pass into the chamber (20) and then into the chimney (23), the bulk of the flue gases passes through the afterburner (12), heating the catalytic gratings (13), afterburner (10), the chamber heat transfer (11), and, enveloping convector pipes (8), enters the chimney (23). After warming up and putting the catalytic slow burning boiler into operating temperature, the bimetallic thermostat (22) closes the gas duct (21). Gases are sent along a long path with the full return of thermal energy. The minimum temperature of the flue gases and heat loss can be achieved using the adjusting screw (25). A bimetallic thermostat (22) is located between two gas streams and normalizes draft in the chimney (23). If the main gas stream cools, the bimetallic thermostat (22) bends to its original position and passes the more heated gas stream from the firebox (1), creating a draft. Thus, self-regulation of draft in the chimney (23).

The heated gases, passing along a long path, heat the catalytic gratings (13) and the front wall of the boiler body, on which the nozzles for supplying heated secondary air (14) and petal bimetallic valves (15) are placed. Each valve flap is paired with its own jet. As the boiler body warms up under the valve cover (18), the petals of the bimetallic valves (35) are unbent and pass secondary air to the nozzles for supplying heated secondary air (14). In the center and along the edges of the afterburning device, the heating temperature of the boiler body can be different, so the valves will bend at different angles, passing a different volume of secondary air into the nozzles for supplying heated secondary air (14). The adjusting screws (19) for the maximum opening of the flap bimetallic valves (19) prevent the excessive passage of secondary air and do not allow to cool the catalytic gratings (13), which can lead to a halt in the catalytic afterburning process.

The correct ratio of secondary air and carbon contained in the flue gases, and the use of an afterburner (12) with catalytic gratings (13) breaks the bonds of carbon with chemical elements, which allows the catalytic slow-burning boiler to be used for the disposal of plastics and rubber.

Claims (2)

1. A slow burning catalytic boiler, including a housing, a chimney, a firebox with a door, a grate, an ash pan, convection pipes located inside the boiler and placed around the perimeter inside the housing, passing through a partition that forms an afterburner in the upper part of the firebox with an afterburner that passes flue gases into the afterburner and heat transfer chamber, characterized in that the afterburner has two catalytic gratings, in the gap between which are placed at an angle to the horizontal plane and outside, the nozzles for supplying heated secondary air from the vertical secondary air heating channel formed by the door of the firebox together with the cover with adjusting screws covering the portion of the boiler body at the attachment point of the petal bimetallic valves closed by petal bimetallic valves, the chamber adjacent to the chamber is an extension of the chamber heat exchange communicated with the chimney and connected to the firebox by the flue duct, over which the bimetal is fixed with the adjusting screw a personal thermostat located under the chimney, and convection pipes are made with the possibility of forming a flow of flue gases in the heat exchange chamber, preventing their direct breakthrough into the chimney. 2. The slow-burning catalytic boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the chamber in communication with the chimney and connected to the firebox with a gas duct is provided with an end gate.

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