RU2318164C2 - Water boiler for heat supply system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat supply system.

SUBSTANCE: water boiler comprises housing made of two walls, furnace with a solid arch, door, ash grate, afterburning device, gas duct chambers formed by heat exchanging areas, and chimney. The gas duct chambers has shutters. The arch of the furnace is provided with the housing of the afterburning device provided with frames made of grids and three rows of openings made in the passage for supplying secondary air and ejector that passes through the gas duct chambers and heat exchanging areas and connecting the arch of the furnace with the chimney and having a bimetallic thermostat.

EFFECT: simplified servicing and enhanced efficiency.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to boilers for water heating. It is used for heating residential and non-residential premises, as well as heating hot water for domestic and technical needs.

There are many known heating boilers produced by industry (see "Water heating at home, cottages, cottages" Harvest LLC, ACT Publishing House 2003, pp. 33-70), which contain as the main units: a furnace with an ash pan, heat exchangers areas, chimneys, convection flues of various devices with manual and automatic regulation of gas flows. Very little attention is paid to the afterburning of heavy hydrocarbons and black carbon, which reduces the efficiency of the device, reduces the efficiency of fuel consumption and complicates the use, because unburned carbon in fumes contributes to the formation of a soot layer in the heat exchange areas and during operation leads to a decrease in the declared thermal efficiency. Cleaning in some models without dismantling and partial disassembling of the heater is not possible. This significantly reduces the operational properties of industrial boilers. The practice of using heating appliances shows that vertically located heat exchange areas are significantly lower in efficiency than horizontally located, because When gases pass through vertical gas ducts between the heat exchange areas and the gas stream, turbulent turbulences are formed that prevent full heat transfer. In the well-known models, the “human factor” is not ruled out, untimely blocking of gas flows with the help of gates leads to the emission of carbon monoxide into a heated room or to overheating of the chimney, which is dangerous due to a fire.

It is known to use hot water heat exchangers that are washed by flue gases and are prone to scale formation. During operation, tubular heat exchangers become unusable, heat transfer decreases, the internal cross section of the pipe decreases, and cleaning is impossible. A hot water supply coil (18) is used in the boiler / 2 /, which is located in the inter-wall space of the housing (17) and is heated by the heat carrier, which eliminates boiling water and scale formation inside the coil. The efficiency of such a heat exchanger is lower, but the service life is unlimited.

Known water heater SU 1703922, F24H 1/26, containing a vertical double-walled housing (1), inside which there is a firebox (2) and a zigzag gas duct (3) with a partition (4). The area of thermal contact of the flue gases with the heat exchange surfaces, the inner wall of the housing (1), and the water heater is small, which leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the heating device. The zigzag gas duct (3) and the turning sections (5) do not come into contact with water (see drawing). The air gap between the gas duct (3) and the double-walled housing (1) affects the heat exchange process.

To fully burn the carbon contained in the flue gases, it is necessary to create those. conditions that are independent of the length of the gas ducts and the movement of gases along the partition (4). During the operation of the water heater, soot and heavy carbon deposits settle inside the channels and reduce heat transfer, reduce the flow area of gas chambers, the lack of access for maintenance and cleaning of which makes the water heaters unsuitable for use.

The water heater / 1 / is not an analog of a water heating boiler with the hot water function / 2 /, because the heat carrier washes all the heat transfer areas, which ensures high thermal efficiency of the structure. Timely cleaning of the heat exchange areas (9), accessibility to the gas chambers (10) through the flaps (11) ensures stable heat transfer between the flue gases and the heat carrier.

The objective of the invention is to increase thermal efficiency, fuel efficiency, environmental friendliness, fire safety, ease of use by automating the distribution of flue gases inside the boiler, the use of an afterburning device.

The problem is solved in that a water heating boiler with a hot water supply function, comprising a double-walled case, a firebox with a solid arch, with a door, an ash pan, an afterburner, flue chambers formed by heat exchange areas, a chimney, characterized in that the flue chambers have shutters. The body of the afterburning device with frames from the grid and three rows of holes in the secondary air supply channel is located in the combustion chamber arch. The ejector passing through the gas chambers and the heat exchange areas connecting the combustion chamber to the chimney has a bimetallic thermostat.

In addition, the said ejector with a bimetallic thermostat is located under the chimney.

In addition, the gas chambers are located at an angle to the horizontal.

In addition, it contains a double-walled housing, in the upper part of which there is a hot water supply coil.

The water heating boiler with the hot water function is made of steel sheets fastened together by electric arc welding.

The drawing shows a side section of a hot water boiler with hot water function.

The boiler contains a furnace 1 with a door 2, an ash pan 3 with a door 4, a secondary air supply channel 5, a afterburner body 6, grilles 7, three rows of openings 8, heat transfer areas 9, gas chambers 10, each of which has a cleaning leaf 11, ejector 12, thermostat holder 13, bimetallic thermostat 14, chimney 15, gas discharge screen 16, the entire boiler structure is assembled in a double-walled housing 17, a hot water supply coil 18, guides 19.

In the kindling and temperature setting mode, the flue gases rise to the solid roof of the furnace, pass through the body of the afterburning device (6), heating the grilles (7), and enter the ejector (12). The lower heat transfer area (9) is made in the form of a funnel, which improves the selection of flue gases into the ejector. The ejector (12) connects the solid roof of the furnace to the chimney, it is the acceleration section for flue gases, which contributes to the displacement of cold air, rapid heating and the creation of a stable draft in the chimney (15). The ejector (12) is a thin-walled tube capable of longitudinally moving during thermal linear expansion in the guides (19). The gap between the guides (19) and the ejector (12) contributes to uniform heating along the entire length, which reduces the occurrence of gas turbulences that interfere with the acceleration of the flue gases inside the ejector.

In the upper part of the ejector (12), under the chimney (15), there is a thermostat holder (13), in the guides of which a bimetallic thermostat (14) is mounted, fixed by a screw. The possibility of longitudinal displacement of the thermostat in the guides allows precise adjustment of the traction force, leaving a gap for the partial passage of heated flue gases.

The bimetallic thermostat (14) is two metal plates with different coefficients of linear thermal expansion, bonded together in a known manner, capable of changing the bending angle from the degree of thermal exposure. A bimetallic thermostat allows you to achieve automation of the distribution of flue gases inside the boiler. Being between two streams of flue gases, the thermostat is subject to thermal effects and is able to change the bending angle, blocking the outlet of the ejector (12), changing the gas stream exiting from it. Using a bimetallic thermostat (14) and the possibility of adjustment, it is possible to achieve a minimum but sufficient temperature of the flue gases leaving the chimney (15), which saves fuel consumption and fire safety.

The afterburning device is assembled in a separate housing (6), inside of which there are lattices (7) with a heat-resistant mesh. On the rear side of the furnace there is a secondary air supply channel (5). Three rows of openings (8) supply heated secondary air to each grate of the afterburning device, create conditions for the afterburning of carbon in fumes, which reduces the formation of soot in heat transfer areas. The use of the afterburning device leads to rational fuel consumption.

Above the firebox (1), heat exchange areas (9) are located, forming gas ducts (10). The cross-sectional area of the flue chamber is equal to the cross-sectional area of the chimney (15). This proportion of cross sections allows flue gases to cover the entire heat transfer area (9), increasing its efficiency. Flue chambers (10) change the direction of the flue gases, which contributes to their mixing and the complete release of thermal energy. Each twin gas chambers (10) have flaps (11) for cleaning and maintenance.

When heating the coolant (water, antifreeze), vapor bubbles appear that collect inside the boiler body and impair heat transfer. In the boiler under consideration, the heat transfer areas are installed at a small angle to the horizontal, which contributes to the removal of steam plugs from the heating zone.

The chimney (15) is located in the upper part of the boiler body above the bimetallic thermostat (14) and has a gas bypass screen (16) in the upper flue chamber, which prevents the flue gas jet coming out of the ejector (12), ensures uniform movement of flue gases into the chimney.

In the upper part of the double-walled boiler body there is a hot water supply coil (18), which is a curved pipe with bends passing outward through the boiler body. The lack of contact of the coil with hot flue gases prevents the formation of scale.

A water heating boiler is able to operate on any type of solid fuel.

The use of an ejector and a bimetallic thermostat simplifies the use of a water heating boiler with the hot water function, allows you to automatically adjust the temperature of the exhaust gases leaving the chimney, and increases the efficiency. The boiler has no inaccessible areas for cleaning and is fireproof in operation. Thanks to the use of the afterburning device, the efficiency of the burned fuel is increased, and the level of environmental pollution is reduced.

Claims (4)

1. A water heating boiler with hot water supply function, comprising a double-walled casing, a solid-burning firebox with a door, an ash pan, an afterburner, gas chimneys formed by heat exchange areas, a chimney characterized in that the gas chimneys have flaps, a casing is located in the fire chamber afterburning device with frames from the grid and three rows of holes in the secondary air supply channel, an ejector passing through the gas chambers and heat transfer areas connecting the furnace vault to the chimney and having bimetallic Thermostat 2. The water heating boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that said ejector with a bimetallic thermostat is located under the chimney. 3. The water heating boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas chambers are located at an angle to the horizontal. 4. The water heating boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a double-walled housing, in the upper part of which there is a hot water coil