CN103196161A - Heating boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the design of solid fuel furnaces for heating living and industrial spaces, which can make efficient use of carbon-containing waste materials. The technical task of the invention is to improve the use index by burning the fuel more fully. The task is completed by the following method: providing a heating boiler which comprises a hearth, an ash pit connected with a forced-feeding oxidant source, a heat exchanger and a chimney, wherein all the parts are connected with each other by a flue; wherein, the combustion chamber of the hearth is provided with an afterburner, the afterburner consists of a horizontally placed cylindrical pipe, and the afterburner is provided with a plug and a hole on the surface; the afterburner has longitudinal inclined planes on its side, and has holes between the inclined planes and a cylindrical body with holes on its side as a reaction chamber. The cross-sections of the cylindrical tubes of the afterburner and the reactor are elliptical, with their major axes perpendicular to the bottom surface of the combustion chamber.

Description

heating boiler

technical field

The present invention is a design of a solid fuel stove for heating living and industrial spaces that allows efficient use of carbonaceous waste.

Background technique

A slow-burning catalytic furnace is known (patent of the Russian Federation No. 319909, F24H1/46, F23B10/00, published in 2008), which consists of a combustion chamber and an ash pit with a small door and a grate arranged under the combustion chamber composition. Vertically install linear convection tubes around the boiler including the inside. There is a partition on the upper part of the combustion chamber, which is divided into afterburner and heat exchange chamber. The afterburner device is composed of the following parts, a fuselage, two catalyst lattices are embedded in the gap of the fuselage, and a nozzle for delivering secondary air is between the two lattices. The amount of secondary air delivered is controlled by a bimetal flap valve. The hot flue gas is sent from the heat exchange chamber to the thermostat chamber. The flue connects the combustion chamber and the thermostat chamber. The technical effect is that the afterburning of the exhaust gas is improved, and the safety of the device is improved.

However, the disadvantage of the above-mentioned boilers is that the working efficiency is low. This is because the exhaust gas spontaneously undergoes afterburning when the secondary air is delivered to the combustion area on the upper part of the combustion chamber. There is no provision in the structure to adjust the oxygen delivery of the secondary air and The proportional relationship of the gases formed. When the temperature in the boiler rises, a large amount of flue gas is separated. The complete combustion of these flue gases requires a large amount of oxygen, and the nozzle can only pass a certain amount of air, so the flue gas entering the atmosphere is not burned out, which reduces the use index.

Furnace, gas duct and heat exchanger selected as a prototype (patent of the Russian Federation No. 408822, F24B5/02, published in 2011), including combustion chamber with ash pit, afterburner, heat exchanger and smoke removal Pipe, each part is connected with each other by flue. The afterburner is located in the furnace and is a horizontal cylindrical tube equipped with vortex formers and gas ducts as supplementary ducts, distributed along the afterburner duct axis. The afterburner tubes near the front wall of the furnace are provided with longitudinal slots forming vanes, the vortex formers are curved vanes and the ends of the duct holes are plugged.

The disadvantage of the chosen prototype furnace, gas ducts and heat exchangers is that the gas formation process depends on the temperature in the combustion chamber, which is also not fixed, due to the unstable ratio of released hot gases to delivered air, As a result, the fuel cannot be fully burned, and thus the work efficiency is low. The amount of air entering at a constant speed is not proportional to the reaction speed of fuel combustion, resulting in oxygen deficiency or excess, which makes it difficult to control and destroys the ratio of fuel to air. If the delivery rate of the primary air in the grate is increased, the air pressure that reacts against the gravity of the fuel particles will affect the fuel particles on the lattice, and the fuel particles will be suspended in the updraft, which will expand the thickness of the combustion layer, or due to The powerful vortex formed blows it out of the chamber and cannot be burned.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to improve the use index by improving the fuel combustion sufficiency.

This technical problem is solved by providing a heating boiler comprising a furnace, an ash pit connected to a source of forced conveying oxidant, a heat exchanger and a chimney, the parts being connected to each other by a flue; wherein the furnace There is an afterburner in the combustion chamber, the afterburner is composed of a horizontally placed cylindrical tube with a plug and holes on the surface; the side of the afterburner is provided with a longitudinal inclined surface, between the inclined surface There are pores in between, and a cylindrical body with holes on the side is also provided as a reaction chamber. The reaction chamber is placed coaxially with the afterburner and an annular gap is left. The catalyst placed at the free end communicates with the heat exchanger.

The cross-section of the cylindrical tube of the afterburner and the reaction chamber is elliptical, and its long axis is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the combustion chamber.

The side of the afterburner has a longitudinal inclined surface and there are holes between the inclined surfaces. It is equipped with a cylindrical body with holes on the side as a reaction chamber, which is coaxially installed and has an annular gap. The fuel combustion has a heterogeneous effect in the gas formation stage, which creates the conditions for the afterburning of the flue gas in the vortex, so that the high temperature in the furnace can maintain balance and stability and maintain the uniformity of the thermal process. This is the case because the combustion process takes place under concentrated heating and burnout of a solid fuel in which the content ratio of volatile matter to solid carbon is not fixed because the interacting components are in different states of aggregation. In this case, the volatile substances of the various components have different exit temperatures, the exit process of which is prolonged, so that the final stage is combined with the combustion in the reaction chamber, entering through the afterburner and holes in the side of the reaction chamber. In a word, the amount of reacting carbon is consistent with the quantity of oxidant delivered, and the combustion process of pure carbon in the reaction chamber will be automatically adjusted to promote the complete combustion of fuel. At a constant oxidizer consumption, the amount of fuel consumed depends on the effect of the aerodynamic reactions in the afterburner. The heat load changes in accordance with the control of the feed of oxidant to the afterburner (simultaneously with the feed of oxidant to the ash pit).

The reaction chamber communicates with the heat exchanger through a catalyst placed at its free end, which can capture various burned resin particles and solid particles, greatly reducing the toxicity of the exhaust gas and improving ecological indicators, because the catalyst in heterogeneous catalysis prevents in advance Agglomeration or sintering of the active ingredient maintains large area contact between the active substance and the reagent.

The cross-section of the cylindrical tube of the afterburner and the reaction chamber is elliptical, and its long axis is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the combustion chamber, which can concentrate the infrared radiation from the side wall, improve the gasification of solid fuel, improve the oxidant and The stability of the fuel carbon interaction at high temperatures, and thus improves the combustion efficiency of the coal, thereby increasing the efficiency of the boiler as a whole.

Description of drawings

The heating boiler is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Fig. 1 is the sectional general view of a kind of embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a partial enlarged view of the B place of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of Fig. 1 on plane A-A, that is, the section of the afterburner.

Detailed ways

Referring to FIGS. 1 to 3 , the heating boiler comprises a furnace comprising a combustion chamber 1 with a sealed charging hatch 2 and a small door 3 , a grate 4 and an ash pit 5 with a sealed door 6 . An afterburner 7 is provided in the combustion chamber 1 on the level of the wicket 3 . The afterburner 7 is a horizontal cylindrical tube 8 with longitudinal inclined surfaces 9 on the sides. Between the inclined surfaces 9 on the tube 8 there are apertures 10 . A reaction chamber 12 is placed coaxially with an annular gap 11 in the pipe 8, and the side wall of the reaction chamber is a cylindrical body 13 with holes 14 on the side. The annular gap 11 is connected to the forced delivery source of the oxidant, ie, the fan 16 , through a pipe 15 . The fan 16 is also connected to the ash pit 5 through a pipeline 17 . The free end of the side wall of the cylindrical body 13 of the reaction chamber 12 is connected to a heat exchanger 19 provided with a flue 20 above it through a catalyst 18, such as an oxide carrier (SiO2, Al2O3 and SiC).

The heating boiler works in the following way: a combustible substance, ie firewood, is placed and ignited in the combustion chamber 1 through the small door 3 on the grate 4 . Quantitative coals of different compositions are conveyed through the charging hatch 2 of the combustion layer. Start fan 16 after firewood ignites and quantitatively fill coal, by pipeline 15 and 17 oxidant, that is air, is pressed into annular gap 11 and ash pit 5 respectively. The oxidant from the ash pit 5 directly enters the combustion layer through the fire grate 4, so as to speed up the combustion process of coal and the speed at which the pyrolysis gas enters the combustion chamber 1. In the combustion chamber 1, an in-depth decomposition of the organic matter of the coal is carried out, decomposed into solid and gaseous components. The heat-treated gas enters through the aperture 10 into the annular gap 11 , where a rapid combustion reaction takes place and enters the reaction chamber 12 through the aperture 14 . In the reaction chamber 12, due to the high-intensity infrared radiation from the side walls of the elliptical cross-section, its temperature can be raised to an optimum speed to ensure the combustion of the flue gas. The hot gas passes through the catalyst 18 such as the oxide carrier (SiO2, Al2O3 and SiC) to undergo the final decomposition reaction of hydrocarbons to complete the combustion process, including the formation of heat flow at the outlet, the heat flow passes through the heat exchanger 19 and undergoes intensive heat dissipation here, and then passes through the flue 20 to the external environment.

The fuel filled into the combustion chamber 1 will settle down with the combustion due to its own weight, and no additional conveying mechanism is required in this case.

The heating boiler proposed by the application has high efficiency, meets the ecological and fire safety requirements, and is easy to operate. Commercial samples have been produced and thermodynamic tests have been carried out to determine the effective coefficient of determination and the maximum concentration of harmful gases allowed to be emitted into the atmosphere.

Claims (2)

1. heating boiler, it comprise burner hearth, with ashcan, heat exchanger and chimney that forced conveyance oxidant source is connected, each several part connects with flue each other; Wherein, be provided with an after-burner in the combustion chamber of burner hearth, after-burner is formed by the cylindrical tube of a horizontal positioned, this cylindrical tube one end stops up and is surperficial porose, and it is characterized in that: the after-burner side has fore-and-aft tilt face, and hole is arranged between the inclined plane, be equipped with side cylindrical body with holes as reative cell, coaxial placement also has the annular gap, and the annular gap links to each other with the pipeline of forced conveyance oxidant, and reative cell is connected with heat exchanger by the catalyst of placing at its free end.

2. heating boiler according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the interface of the cylindrical tube of after-burner and reative cell is oval-shaped, and both major axis and bottom surface, combustion chamber are vertically disposed.

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