RU2399845C1 - Fuel combustion method and yush-01 boiler unit for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry.

SUBSTANCE: there proposed is method of two-stage solid fuel combustion, which involves fuel and air supply to furnace chamber, ash removal, removal of carbon oxide and heat transfer to the system with heat carrier; at that, air is supplied to furnace chamber through loading hopper; it flows through the filled solid fuel layer and enters the combustion zone restricted from below with ash layer and tightly cut off with gate valve. Flow of gaseous combustion products is supplied to smoke tube through the system of holes, which is arranged in heat exchanger in lower part of side surface of furnace chamber. Method is implemented by means of boiler plant including furnace chamber, loading hopper, device for forced air supply to combustion zone, system with heat carrier; at that, in upper part of loading hopper there is hole with an air supply damper, hopper cavity is directly connected to combustion zone; besides in heat exchanger, on one side, in lower part there are gaseous combustion product outlet holes, and bottom of furnace chamber is blindly covered with gate valve which is retracted in order to remove ash.

EFFECT: development of environmentally safe smokeless solid fuel combustion method.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of heat engineering and can be used in boiler plants.

Currently, for the foreseeable future, the main source of primary energy for boiler plants of industrial enterprises and social facilities is solid fossil fuels. One of the urgent modern tasks is to ensure the cleanliness of the air basin, and therefore, the creation of such methods and devices for burning fuel that would ensure, at high efficiency, the purification of the combustion products of the fuel released into the atmosphere from solid particles of ash, unburned fuel and harmful gaseous products of combustion.

A known method and device for burning solid fuel in a dense layer (Sidelkovsky LN, Yurenev VN "Boiler plants of industrial enterprises" p.11). With this method, fresh fuel is located in the upper part of the layer after loading, burning coke is located under it, and slag is directly above the grate; as it burns out, the fuel passes through all zones. Air is supplied from below through the grill. The slag formed during fuel combustion flows through the grate into the ash removal zone. Dense combustion chambers can be non-mechanical, semi-mechanical and mechanized. With all the variety of designs, they all contain: a spreader, a fuel combustion chamber with a grate, a device for forced air supply to the combustion zone and a chamber with a coolant.

The disadvantage of this method is the insufficiently high efficiency, incomplete combustion of fuel and the emission of harmful gaseous and solid residues into the atmosphere.

A known method and device for burning solid fuel using a two-stage type boiler plant (RF patent No. 2334166). The method of two-stage burning of solid fuel is carried out by using the fact that the fuel is burned in the first and second stages in a cylindrical chamber with a height of at least 3 meters, with a loading hatch located at a height of 2 meters and equipped with a device providing sector loading of fuel, while the center of the cone formed by the filled fuel is shifted relative to the center of the base of the combustion chamber, which ensures the separation of the combustion chamber into two combustion zones and the combination of a dense high-temperature flame, o developed during the combustion of the fuel layer at the base of the cone with gases generated during the combustion of the fuel along the entire height of the cone, while the combustion process is intensified by forced borehole flashing of the entire combustion zone of solid fuel with the help of vertical pins lowered from the upper part of the boiler plant, and forced air supply to the ash part of the furnace.

The method is carried out using a device in which a cylindrical combustion chamber has a height of at least 3 meters, and the loading hatch is located at a height of 2 m and is equipped with a device providing sector loading of fuel, in addition, the boiler installation is equipped with pins for downhole flashing of the combustion zone.

The disadvantage of these methods and devices are: increased energy consumption due to forced air supply to the combustion zone and conveyor ash removal, in addition, insufficient purification of gaseous products of combustion from soot, since when using this method it is impossible to achieve at the outlet such a temperature of gaseous products that provided there would be condensation in the smokestack, in addition, the process of constantly monitoring the firmware and the firmware of the loading zone and the fuel combustion zone with pins - pr The process is quite laborious.

The objective of the present invention is to provide a method for burning solid fuel and a boiler plant YUSH-01 for its implementation, which would reduce energy costs, reduce the soot content in gaseous products of combustion and simplify the process of servicing a boiler plant.

The objective of the invention is solved due to the fact that in the method of burning solid fuel, including the supply of fuel and air to the combustion chamber, ash removal, carbon monoxide removal and heat transfer to a system with a coolant, air is supplied to the combustion chamber through the loading hopper, while it passes through the layer filled solid fuel and enters the combustion zone, bounded from below by a layer of ash and tightly blocked by a slide gate valve, while the flow of gaseous products of combustion is directed into the smoke pipe through a system of holes arranged w in the heat exchanger in the lower part of the side surface of the combustion chamber.

The proposed method is implemented using a boiler installation, including a combustion chamber, a loading hatch, a device for forced air supply to the combustion zone, a system with a coolant, in which an opening with a shutter for supplying air is made in the upper part of the loading hopper, while the hopper cavity is directly connected to combustion zone, so that the air entering the upper part of the hopper passes through a layer of filled coal and enters the combustion zone into the combustion zone, in addition, in the heat exchanger, I contact it over its entire surface with the combustion chamber side, at the bottom, provided with openings for exit of gaseous products of combustion, and the bottom of the combustion chamber tightly closed by the slide valve, which extends for the removal of ash.

The application of the method of burning solid fuel of the device for its implementation allows for high efficiency of the boiler plant to reduce energy costs, reduce the soot content in gaseous products of combustion and simplify the process of servicing the boiler plant.

The proposed method is carried out using a boiler plant, consisting of the following structural elements:

- loading hatch 1;

- devices for forced automatic air supply 2 with a shutter and a temperature regulator;

- loading hopper 3;

- combustion chamber 4;

- ash removal hopper 5;

- slide gate valve 6;

- pipes of the heat exchanger 7;

- camera 8 fluid with a convective surface;

- smoke pipe 9.

The method using the proposed device is as follows.

The heating system is filled with coolant. The boiler is ignited once at the beginning of the heating season, while a burning rag is fed through the loading door 1, and then the loading hopper 3 and the combustion chamber 4 are filled with solid fuel also through the loading door 1. After setting the desired temperature, the thermostat on the air supply device 2 , while the flap is closed, the air supply is stopped and the effect of languishing is created in the combustion chamber 4 (the combustion process is slowed down, since the air is supplied to the boiler portionwise in a mode that supports the combustion process I that provides the desired temperature in the system). Due to the large heat exchange area, all the heat is transferred to the heating system, since the chambers 8 with the coolant are made in such a way that they cover all surfaces of the boiler installation that are heated during fuel combustion. The boiler runs evenly at the set temperature. When the temperature drops, the device for supplying air 2 is triggered, while the damper opens and air, passing through the fuel layer in the loading hopper 3, enters the combustion chamber 4. The combustion products formed in the combustion process with soot particles through the openings between the tubes of the heat exchanger enter the smoke pipe 9, while the temperature of the combustion products is such that condensate is formed on the surface of the smoke pipe 9, including solid soot particles. Due to the effect of condensation, self-cleaning of gaseous products of combustion from the solid component occurs. Condensate flows down the surface of the smoke pipe 9 to its bottom, where the condensate collector is installed. Ash removal is carried out using a slide gate valve 6, when the amount of ash reaches the upper hole between the pipes of the heat exchanger 7, while the gate valve 6 extends, the ash enters the ash hopper 5, after filling the hopper 5, the gate valve 6, flashing the ash layer, returns to its place.

The proposed method of burning solid fuel and a boiler plant for its implementation can be used in heating systems, energy systems and locally for heating buildings of various sizes and purposes. The invention at a sufficiently high efficiency allows to reduce energy costs, reduce the soot content in gaseous products of combustion (which significantly increases the environmental friendliness of the boiler plant) and simplify the process of servicing the boiler plant, in addition, the proposed boiler plant is extremely simple to manufacture.

Claims (2)

1. The method of burning solid fuel, including the supply of fuel and air to the combustion chamber, ash removal, carbon monoxide removal and heat transfer to a system with a coolant, characterized in that the air in the combustion chamber is fed through a feed hopper, while it passes through a bed of solid fuel and enters the combustion zone, bounded from below by a layer of ash and tightly blocked by a slide gate valve, while the flow of gaseous products of combustion is directed into the smoke pipe through a system of holes arranged in the heat exchanger at the bottom s of the side surface of the combustion chamber. 2. A boiler installation including a combustion chamber, a loading hatch, a device for forced air supply to the combustion zone, a system with a coolant, characterized in that an opening with a shutter for supplying air is made in the upper part of the loading hopper, while the hopper cavity is directly connected to the zone combustion, so that the air entering the upper part of the hopper passes through a layer of filled coal and enters the combustion chamber into the combustion zone, in addition, in a heat exchanger contacting over its entire surface with a combustion chamber, on the side, in the lower part, openings are made for the exit of gaseous products of combustion, and the bottom of the combustion chamber is tightly closed by a slide gate valve that extends to remove ash.

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