RU2811629C1 - Oven with reduced smoke production - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: stoves.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for burning fuel and household stoves with adjustable air supply, draft or flue gases. The furnace with reduced smoke generation contains a base and external walls made of non-combustible material. The walls form a blower chamber, in the end part of which there is a blower window, outside of which a blower door is mounted. A grate is mounted at the top of the ash chamber, on top of which a combustion chamber is formed, in the end part of which there is a combustion window, outside of which a combustion door is mounted. In the upper part of the combustion chamber, a combustion vault with a hole is formed, along the perimeter of which a middle chimney is formed, on top of which an afterburning chamber is formed. In the end part of the afterburning chamber there is an afterburning window, outside of which an afterburning door is mounted. In the upper part of the afterburning chamber, an afterburning vault with a hole is formed, along the perimeter of which an upper chimney is formed. The area of the opening of the blower window is not less than the area of the opening of the middle chimney. The opening area of the middle chimney is no more than 2/3 of the opening area of the upper chimney. The horizontal projections of the blower, combustion and afterburning chambers are the same, the volume of the afterburner chamber is at least 2/3 of the volume of the combustion chamber, the area of the afterburner window opening is not less than 1/3 of the opening area of the blower window.

EFFECT: reduced smoke generation.

8 cl, 2 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to devices for burning fuel and household stoves with adjustable air supply, draft or flue gases [F23N3/00, F23M9/00, F23L1/00, F24B5/00, F24B5/02, F24B5/04].

An ENERGY-SAVING FURNACE [CN111878885 (A), publ.: 11/03/2020] is known from the prior art, containing a hearth in which the casting is located in the upper part of the hearth, and a chamber for air gasification is located outside the casting; and the warm air oven further comprises a fan, wherein an air intake is in communication with an interior side of the fan, and the air intake is in communication with the hot air chamber through an air inlet duct. The fan accelerates air circulation and air exchange rate, so that convection heating of the air is achieved; thermal radiation and heat dissipation are combined, and the two heating modes are combined with each other, so that the heating area is increased and the heating speed is accelerated; the holes for air inlet into the damper, communicating with the gasification chamber, are made outside the hearth, and the channel for air inlet into the furnace body is connected with the outer side of the hearth; and the hearth uses air inlet holes into the damper or air inlet channel into the furnace body for secondary distribution of oxygen, after the secondary distribution of oxygen, sufficient combustion is achieved again, no black smoke is emitted during the combustion process, and emissions reach the normal level.

Also known is an ENERGY-SAVING SMOKE-LESS OVEN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION [CN101113815 (A), publ.: 01/30/2008], which contains: a furnace body, a loading hole located on the wall of the furnace body, an ash outlet hole and a smoke outlet hole; the furnace body is connected to a ventilation duct with a fan, a group of ventilation ducts is evenly distributed along the peripheral line of the furnace body wall, and one end of the ventilation ducts is connected to the ventilation duct; each wind channel is connected to a ventilation duct, inside it is equipped with a group of ventilation holes connected to the furnace cavity.

The closest in technical essence is the SMOKELESS COMBUSTION BOILER [CN208720261 (U), publ.: 04/09/2019], a smokeless combustion boiler, including a boiler body and a firebox, the firebox is equipped inside the boiler body, from the latter to the mixing chamber, with a fuel inlet , a water filler hole and bottom ash outlet downwards in the proper order on the side wall of the boiler body on one side, and a mixing chamber and a fixed connection of the boiler body, a water filler hole and a fixed connection of the boiler body, a bottom ash outlet and a fixed connection of the boiler body, The firebox includes a firebox body and an air distribution circuit, as well as an air distribution circuit. The circle is equipped in the lower part of the furnace body, and the fuel inlet passes through the boiler body, and the furnace body is fixedly connected, the utility model reveals a beneficial effect that is achieved as follows: the utility model relates to a smokeless combustion boiler, which supplies oxygen through the first tube combustion tube , which is installed in the furnace, ensures the combustion of oxygen in the furnace, since combustion is abundant and the thermal efficiency of the boiler increases, in the process of burning oxygen in the furnace, the second distribution of air through the last combustion door increases, additional oxygen is added, and subsequent combustion produces smoke in the furnace chamber and dust, which ensures smoke-free, low-pollution and complete environmental protection.

The disadvantages of analogs and the main technical problem of the prototype are increased environmental pollution caused by incomplete combustion of fuel, as well as low reliability, which is caused by the complexity of the design due to the presence of an additional electromechanical device that provides air flow.

The objective of the invention is to eliminate the shortcomings of the prototype.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce environmental pollution through more complete combustion of fuel.

The stated technical result is achieved due to the fact that a furnace with reduced smoke generation, containing a base, external walls made of non-combustible material, which forms a blower chamber, in the end part of which there is a blower window, outside of which a blower door is mounted, a grate is mounted at the top of the blower chamber, on top of which a combustion chamber is formed, in the end part of which there is a combustion window, outside of which a combustion door is mounted, in the upper part of the combustion chamber there is a combustion vault with a hole, along the perimeter of which a middle chimney is formed, on top of which an afterburning chamber is formed, in the end part of which an afterburning window is made , outside of which an afterburning door is mounted, in the upper part of the afterburning chamber an afterburning vault with a hole is formed, along the perimeter of which an upper chimney is formed, the opening area of the blower window is not less than the opening area of the middle chimney, the opening area of the middle chimney is not more than 2/3 of the opening area of the upper chimney , the horizontal projections of the blower, combustion and afterburning chambers are the same, the volume of the afterburner chamber is at least 2/3 of the volume of the combustion chamber, the area of the afterburner window opening is not less than 1/3 of the opening area of the blower window.

In particular, the external walls are made of brick.

In particular, external walls made of a metal alloy with a melting point of at least 1500 degrees Celsius.

In particular, the grate is a grate made of a metal alloy with a melting point of at least 2000 degrees Celsius.

In particular, the blower, combustion and afterburning chambers are made in the form of straight cylinders.

In particular, the blower, combustion and afterburning chambers are made in the form of straight elliptical cylinders.

In particular, the blower, combustion and afterburning chambers are made in the form of straight prisms.

In particular, a supply fan is mounted in the opening of the blower window.

Brief description of the drawings.

Figure 1 shows a furnace with reduced smoke generation in profile view.

Figure 2 shows a stove with reduced smoke generation in frontal view.

The figures indicate: 1 - base; 2 - external walls; 3 - blower chamber; 4 - blower window; 5 - blower door; 6 - combustion chamber; 7 - combustion window; 8 - combustion door; 9 - grate; 10 - combustion chamber; 11 - middle chimney; 12 - afterburner chamber, 13 - afterburner window; 14 - afterburning door; 15 - afterburning vault; 16 - upper chimney; 17 - spark arrestor.

Implementation of the invention.

The stove with reduced smoke generation is a three-dimensional hollow structure containing a base 1 and external walls 2 made of durable non-combustible material (for example, brick). On top of the base 1, by the outer walls 2, a blower chamber 3 is formed, which is, for example, a rectangular parallelepiped. In the front end part of the blower chamber 3, a blower window 4 is mounted, made with the possibility of air entering the blower chamber 3 through its opening and the possibility of extracting unburned solid fuel residues from the blower chamber 3 through its opening. In one of the implementation options, a supply fan (not shown in the figures) is mounted in the opening of the blower window 4 with the possibility of additional air flow into the blower chamber 3. Outside the blower window 4, on the outer wall 2, a blower door 5 is mounted, made with the ability to close the blower window 4. On top of the ash chamber 3, by the outer walls 2, a combustion chamber 6 is formed, which is, for example, a rectangular parallelepiped. In the front end part of the combustion chamber 6, a combustion window 7 is mounted, configured to supply solid fuel through its opening into the combustion chamber 6. Outside the combustion window 7, on the outer wall 2, a combustion door 8 is mounted, configured to close the combustion window 7. Space between the ash chamber 3 and the combustion chamber 6, separated by a grate 9, which is a rectangular grate made of a metal alloy (for example, cast iron). The grate 9 is made with the possibility of placing on it solid fuel placed in the combustion chamber 6 and the possibility of air passing through it from the ash chamber 3 into the combustion chamber 6. At the top of the combustion chamber 6, by the outer walls 2, a combustion vault 10 is formed in the middle part of which a hole is formed , around the perimeter of which the middle chimney 11 is formed by the outer walls 2. On top of the middle chimney 11 is formed an afterburning chamber 12, which is, for example, a rectangular parallelepiped. In the front end part of the afterburning chamber 12, an afterburning window 13 is mounted, configured to allow air to enter the afterburning chamber 12 through its opening. Outside the afterburning window 13, on the outer wall 2, an afterburning door 14 is mounted, configured to close the afterburning window 13. In the top part of the afterburning chamber 12, by the outer walls 2, an afterburning vault 15 is formed, in the middle part of which a hole is formed, along the perimeter of which the upper chimney 16 is formed by the outer walls 2. A spark arrestor 17 is mounted above the upper opening of the upper chimney 16.

The opening area of the blower window is 4, not less than the opening area of the middle chimney 11.

The opening area of the middle chimney 11 is no more than 2/3 of the opening area of the upper chimney 16.

The horizontal projections of the blower, combustion and afterburning chambers are the same.

The volume of the afterburning chamber 12 is at least 2/3 of the volume of the combustion chamber 6.

The area of the opening of the afterburning window 13 is not less than 1/3 of the opening area of the blowing window 4.

A low smoke stove works as follows.

Solid fuel (not shown in the figures), for example firewood, is placed into the combustion chamber 6 through the combustion window 7, and it is ignited in any known way, after which the combustion window 7 is closed. In this case, the afterburning window 13 is closed, and the blower window 4 is open, as a result the difference in atmospheric pressure between the upper opening of the upper chimney 16 and the opening of the blower window 4, a natural draft arises, forming an air flow (not shown in the figures), passing sequentially through the opening of the blower window 4, then through the blower chamber 3, then through the grate 9, then through the combustion chamber 6 and the fuel contained in it (not shown in the figures), then through the middle chimney 11, then through the afterburner chamber 12, then through the upper chimney 16, then into the atmosphere. A flow of air (not shown in the figures) containing oxygen, passing through the burning solid fuel (not shown in the figures), supports its combustion.

When the volume of air (oxygen) entering the combustion chamber 6 through the combustion window 7 is insufficient for the timely complete combustion of solid fuel (not shown in the figures) placed in the combustion chamber 6, then part of the unburned fuel, together with the air flow, passes through the middle chimney 11, then through the afterburner chamber 12, then through the upper chimney 16 and further into the atmosphere, thereby generating smoke.

In this case, the afterburning door 14 is opened slightly, due to the fact that the opening area of the middle chimney 11 is smaller than the opening area of the upper chimney 16; through the afterburning window 13, an additional volume of air (oxygen) flows into the afterburning chamber, due to which part of the fuel that is not burned in the combustion chamber is burned. combustion chamber 6. This ensures more complete combustion of fuel and a reduction in the amount of smoke entering the atmosphere.

Also, the claimed technical solution is more reliable than the prototype, since it does not contain electromechanical means for pumping air into the combustion chamber 6.

During full-scale tests carried out in 2023, a prototype and thirteen copies of the claimed device with different ratios of structural elements were manufactured and tested.

In the tested specimens, the same volume of the same fuel (5 kg of birch firewood) was loaded and burned, and the content of solid particles at the exit from the upper chimney was measured with the same frequency and duration. The parameters of the structural elements used in the tested specimens and the test results are given in Table 1.

From the test results presented in Table 1 it is clear that:

- if the area of the opening of the blower window is less than the area of the opening of the middle chimney (example 2), then the concentration of solid particles at the exit from the upper chimney is the same as that of the prototype;

- if the opening area of the middle chimney is greater than 2/3 of the opening area of the upper chimney (example 5), then the concentration of solid particles at the exit from the upper chimney is greater than that of the prototype;

- if the volume of the afterburning chamber is less than 2/3 of the volume of the combustion chamber (example 8), then the concentration of solid particles at the exit from the upper chimney is greater than that of the prototype;

- if the area of the opening of the afterburning window is less than 1/3 of the area of the opening of the blower window (example 11), then the concentration of solid particles at the exit from the upper chimney is greater than that of the prototype.

Thus, it is clear that for specimens in which the parameters do not correspond to the established ranges (specimens 2, 5, 8, 11), at the exit from the upper chimney, a concentration of solid particles was recorded equal to or greater than that of the prototype, and for specimens in whose parameters correspond to the established ranges (examples 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13), the concentration of solid particles at the outlet of the upper chimney is lower than that of the prototype, which corresponds to the stated technical result.

Although the technical solution has been described in detail for purposes of illustration based on embodiments currently considered to be the most practical and preferred, it should be understood that such details are solely for the purpose stated, and the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but covers equivalent options for the relationships of structural elements that do not go beyond the scope of the claims of the invention. For example, it should be understood that the invention contemplates that, to the extent possible, one or more features of any embodiment may be combined with one or more features of any other embodiment.

Claims (8)

1. A furnace with reduced smoke generation, containing a base, external walls made of non-combustible material, which form a blower chamber, in the end part of which there is a blower window, outside of which a blower door is mounted, a grate is mounted at the top of the blower chamber, on top of which a combustion chamber is formed, in the end part of which has a combustion window, outside of which a combustion door is mounted; in the upper part of the combustion chamber, a combustion vault with a hole is formed, along the perimeter of which a middle chimney is formed, on top of which an afterburning chamber is formed, in the end part of which an afterburning window is made, outside of which an afterburning door is mounted , in the upper part of the afterburning chamber, an afterburning vault with a hole is formed, along the perimeter of which the upper chimney is formed, the area of the opening of the blower window is not less than the area of the opening of the middle chimney, the area of the middle chimney opening is not more than 2/3 of the area of the opening of the upper chimney, horizontal projections of the blower, combustion and afterburning chambers are the same, the volume of the afterburning chamber is not less than 2/3 of the volume of the combustion chamber, the area of the afterburning window opening is not less than 1/3 of the opening area of the blower window. 2. A stove with reduced smoke generation according to claim 1, characterized in that the external walls are made of brick. 3. A furnace with reduced smoke generation according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer walls are made of a metal alloy with a melting point of at least 1500 degrees Celsius. 4. A furnace with reduced smoke generation according to claim 1, characterized in that the grate is a grate made of a metal alloy with a melting point of at least 2000 degrees Celsius. 5. A furnace with reduced smoke generation according to claim 1, characterized in that the blower, combustion and afterburning chambers are made in the form of straight cylinders. 6. A furnace with reduced smoke generation according to claim 1, characterized in that the blower, combustion and afterburning chambers are made in the form of straight elliptical cylinders. 7. A furnace with reduced smoke generation according to claim 1, characterized in that the blower, combustion and afterburning chambers are made in the form of straight prisms. 8. A stove with reduced smoke generation according to claim 1, characterized in that a supply fan is mounted in the opening of the blower window.