RU2372555C2 - Burner on wood granulated fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: burner on wood granulated fuel comprises body, hopper, fan, blowing nozzles, combustion chamber and afterburning chamber. Besides it comprises pipe-batcher for supply of fuel to burner, stem is installed in burner body with the possibility of axial displacement and fixation for control of fuel flow, threaded rod is installed in stem coaxially with conic valve with the possibility of smooth control of primary and secondary air supply into burner by means of fan, which provides for air supply to hopper and burner, at the same time upstream combustion chamber and afterburning chamber there is a pyrolysis chamber installed, and combustion chamber and afterburning chamber are installed serially and represent a burner nozzle, which is connected along tangent to vortex combustion chamber, arranged in the form of hollow cylindrical shell, plugged in lower part and narrowed in upper part accordingly, with the possibility to provide for rotary motion of combustion products in vortex chamber, besides jacket is equipped with window for ignition, hopper is equipped with tightly closing cover, moreover, burner has an additional air channel with isolating valve for supply of primary air to hopper. Vortex combustion chamber is made as multi-staged with at least two stages, at the same time stages are separated from each other by means of partitions made in the form of rings installed on shell, at the same time area of throughput section of annular partitions reduces in direction to outlet of combustion products.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to increase efficiency factor of burner, to reduce amount of hazardous emission into atmosphere, to reduce material intensity and prime cost of burner.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates primarily to the field of domestic heating appliances, can be used in farms, as well as in industrial plants for converting boiler plants to another type of fuel - wood pellets.

The claimed technical solution can be used in any type of boiler plants, stoves, boilers, other heating devices using natural gas, fuel oil, diesel fuel, wood, coal, wood waste, etc., by replacing a burner, for example a gas, to the declared. The claimed design of the burner can also be used as an independent heating device for direct heating of air in industrial and domestic premises, without the presence, in fact, of a furnace, since the combustion process takes place in the burner body and in the vortex chamber, in which unburned fuel particles are burned with excess air, which practically minimizes the emission of environmentally harmful fuel combustion products. Using the claimed burner, if necessary, it is possible to heat the premises by indirect heating of air (or another coolant), by heating the corresponding coolant with combustion products.

A known design of a cyclone pre-heating chamber, RF patent No. 2196273, intended for burning wood biomass processing waste containing a cyclone chamber, a large-scale combustion fraction combustion chamber, a grate, a tangential flow inlet nozzle and an outlet pipe, characterized in that the after-combustion chamber is mounted under the cyclone chamber, moreover, these chambers are separated by clamping with a shoulder, the grate is made conical and located in the afterburner, and the outlet pipe is placed on the side turn Nost afterburners.

The design drawback is the inability to regulate the volume of secondary (heated) air to the burner, which affects both the quality of fuel combustion, the calorific value of the fuel burned, and the completeness of fuel combustion, with increased humidity of the pellets, low temperature of the supplied air, and high air humidity optimal conditions for complete combustion of fuel, as a result of this, soot is formed, elements of unburned fuel remain in the ash pan in the form of ash, which leads to a decrease in K A burner, but this part of the fuel pellets (with increase in fuel consumption in an automatic or manual) is carried away by the air flow into the pipe and into the atmosphere, which also contributes to reducing the burner efficiency and increases boiler pozharoopastnost.

In addition, the known design lacks versatility, i.e. a well-known boiler cannot be used as a mobile mobile installation, if there is a need to supply heat to various consumers, for example, for heating water, cooking, including livestock on farms, using a device for heating industrial and domestic premises.

A known design of the furnace of a water boiler, RF patent No. 2099925, IPC F23C 5/32. Used for burning fuel in gas-oil boilers, it contains a prismatic combustion chamber with burners that are vortex with the same direction of rotation of the air, located one on the front and side walls.

The disadvantage of the design is the impossibility of burning solid fuels, the complexity of the design, high material consumption and, as a consequence, the cost of installation, low maintainability, lack of versatility, i.e. the inability to use the device as a mobile installation.

A known method and device for burning fuel, application of the Russian Federation No. 92014434, IPC 6 F23B 1/36, F23C 5/24, F23C 5/32, F23C 6/04, F23C 11/02, in a device containing coaxially arranged and connected in series to the prechamber with a swirl and a device for supplying fuel to the combustion chamber, channels connecting the swirls to the air source, an exhaust channel located at the outlet of the combustion chamber, connected to the gas duct and made in the form of a swirl diffuser mounted coaxially to the combustion chamber, the swirl of the combustion chamber is bladed and installed in out one section of the prechamber between its outer surface and the inner surface of the combustion chamber, the channels for supplying air to the prechamber and the combustion chamber are made separate and each has a control nozzle.

The disadvantage of this device is the design complexity, high material consumption and, as a consequence, the installation cost, low maintainability, lack of versatility, i.e. the inability to use the device as a mobile installation.

The closest technical solution to the claimed by the combination of matching features and the achieved technical result, selected as a prototype, is the design according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2228489 Vortex firebox.

The invention is used in industrial and energy boilers burning husk, shredded vegetable, combustible and wood waste or solid fuel. The vortex furnace contains at least one shielded vortex combustion chamber and one afterburner connected by a gas transfer window, which is framed by an aerodynamic protrusion directed to the side of the vortex combustion chamber with a size of 100-200 mm, the ratio of the transverse dimension of the vortex combustion chamber to its depth is 2 -6, and the ratio of the transverse dimension of the vortex combustion chamber to the diameter of the gas passage window is 1.4-5, while the fuel supply ejector ends with a diffuser with an output located on the fronts the wall of the vortex combustion chamber at a distance of not less than 100 mm from the floor, inclined downward and oriented to the root of the group of the first blast nozzles installed along the lower generatrix of the vortex combustion chamber, with the first blast nozzles pointing upward at an angle of 30-45 ° and oriented at the root of the second groups of blast nozzles located on the rear wall of the vortex combustion chamber and directed tangentially to the aerodynamic protrusion of the gas transfer window, in addition, the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the fuel supply ejector and each th group blast nozzles equal to 1.25-2, and the ratio of the blast velocity in them is respectively equal to 0,8-0,5, as well as a gas burner. The vortex furnace may contain two vortex combustion chambers and an afterburner located between them. The gas burner is located in the vortex combustion chamber or in the afterburner and is inclined to the floor of the vortex combustion chamber.

Moreover, the known technical solution has several disadvantages:

- due to its functional purpose, it can only be used in industrial and energy boilers, which limits its use for domestic heating appliances, and cannot be used in farms as a mobile device,

- not technologically advanced in assembly and operation and, as a result, has a high cost of installation, commissioning,

- has low maintainability, due to its purpose and design features it can only be used in industrial conditions for boilers of high power,

- has low efficiency due to its design features - high material consumption, high weight and size parameters and the absence of a pyrolysis chamber (which helps to increase the efficiency of the installation as a whole),

- cannot be used as a mobile installation due to its purpose and the need to use special refractory materials.

The claimed technical solution is aimed at eliminating the above disadvantages of the burner and allows for the implementation of the following goals:

- increase the efficiency of the burner,

- reduce the amount of harmful emissions into the atmosphere, including sulfur compounds by providing optimal conditions for fuel combustion, namely the possibility of smooth regulation of the fuel and air supply, providing a flexible distribution of primary and secondary air flows when they are fed into the pyrolysis chamber,

- to reduce the material consumption of the burner, due to the design features of the execution of both individual structural elements, and their relative position and interaction, ensuring the achievement of the stated results (goals),

- reducing the cost of the burner due to the optimal layout of structural elements and the use of heat and chemically resistant burner materials,

- increase the maintainability of the burner by providing the ability to quickly dismantle the structural elements of the burner, release and delivery complete with the burner of quickly wearing original spare parts,

- to ensure the mobility of the installation (installation, dismantling of the burner) by creating a burner characterized by low weight and, as a result, having the ability to quickly relocate the burner by one person.

The stated goals are achieved due to the fact that a wood-pellet burner containing a housing, a hopper, a fan, blast nozzles, a combustion chamber and an afterburner is characterized in that it contains a metering pipe for supplying fuel to the burner, and a rod is located in the burner body with the possibility of axial movement and fixing to regulate fuel consumption, a threaded rod with a cone valve is coaxially installed in the rod with the possibility of smooth regulation of the supply of primary and secondary air to the burner by means of a fan supplying air to the hopper and burner, wherein a pyrolysis chamber is placed in front of the combustion and afterburning chamber, and the combustion and afterburning chambers are arranged sequentially and are the burner nozzle itself, tangentially connected to the vortex combustion chamber made in the form of a hollow cylindrical shell, muffled in the lower part and narrowed in the upper part, with the possibility of ensuring the rotational movement of the combustion products of the fuel in the vortex chamber, while the casing is equipped with the ignition window, the hopper is equipped with a hermetically sealed lid, in addition, the burner has an additional air channel with a shut-off valve for supplying primary air to the hopper, the burner according to claim 1 is characterized in that the vortex combustion chamber is multi-stage with at least two stages, with this steps are separated by means of partitions made in the form of rings mounted on the shell, while the area of the passage section of the annular partitions decreases in the direction of the output of products with Gorania.

The burner, made in accordance with the stated technical solution, can be installed both permanently and on wheels (at the request of the customer), it is equipped with hoppers of various capacities, for example from 200 kg., And up to 1000 kg., Depending on the needs of the customer, it works in automatic mode, while the duration of operation without refueling with pellets, depending on the operating conditions of the burner (temperature in a heated room, temperature that needs to be maintained, area, volume), varies from 24 hours to 144 hours (from day to 6 days). Depending on the customer’s requirements, the burner can be equipped with individual automation means - exhaust gas temperature sensors, coolant temperature sensors, outdoor air temperature sensors, as well as remote control of burner operation and control, including using wire and cellular communication elements.

The claimed technical solution is illustrated by drawings, Fig. 1 shows a general view of the burner, Fig. 2 is a cross-section of a vortex burner (Fig. 1 A-A), Fig. 3 is a top view of a vortex chamber (Fig. 1 is a view B).

The claimed device is made of the following structural elements: cover of the hopper 1, hopper 2, feeder, made in the form of a cylindrical casing-pipe dispenser 3, passing into the nozzle of the ejector fuel supply, which is located in the casing 4, the burner body 5, rod 6, threaded rod and a valve 7, a nozzle 8, a vortex chamber 9, an ignition window with a plug 10, a casing door 11, a guide channel for a rod 12, a fixing bolt 13, a channel for supplying primary air 14, a fan 15, a shutoff valve 16, a pyrolysis chamber 17, combustion chambers 18 and 19 post-combustion chamber separated by an annular wall 20 (Figure 2).

In this case, the burner elements are arranged as follows: the burner body 5 is located in the burner casing 4, the front part of the burner body 5 is made in the form of a nozzle 8 (see FIG. 1) and connected to a two-stage vortex chamber 9, the rod 6 s is placed inside the burner body 5 the possibility of moving along the guide channel 12 and is fixed in the guide channel 12 by means of a bolt 13. In the cavity of the rod 6 there is a threaded rod with a conical valve 7. On the side of the casing 4 is connected a fan 15 by means of a pipe (not shown in Fig.). From the fan 15 to the upper part of the hopper 2, a channel 14 is supplied for supplying primary air to the airtight hopper 2, while at the end of the channel 14 a shut-off valve 16 is installed, which, when the lid 1 of the hopper 2 is opened, automatically shuts off the primary flow and increasing the volume of secondary air into the hopper 2 , thereby preventing the possibility of a return flame from the pyrolysis chamber 17 to the hopper 2. In this case, the primary air is supplied from above from the airtight hopper 2 by means of a pipe-dispenser 3 of circular cross section into the pyrolysis chamber 17 Call (consisting) of the housing 5, shaft 6, within which is placed a threaded rod with a conical valve 7 (see Figure 1 poz.17 -. circled

dotted line).

The burner operates as follows. The hopper 2 is filled with granulated wood fuel and hermetically closed by a cover 1. Fuel through a metering pipe 3 under the influence of its own weight enters the burner (pyrolysis chamber 17). The required fuel consumption is set using the rod 6, moving along the channel 12 forward (less) or backward (more). The door 11 of the casing 4 opens, fuel is ignited through the window with a plug 10, which closes after ignition. Then the door 11 of the casing 4 is closed and the blower fan 15 is turned on. The necessary volume of primary and secondary air is regulated using a threaded rod with a valve 7. The correct ratio is determined in practice by the color of the torch.

The design (embodiment of the burner) shown in FIG. 2 has the most effective technical and economic indicators, in which the vortex chamber 9 is divided by an annular partition 20, which is a ring placed in a hollow cylindrical shell, dividing it into at least two chambers : the combustion chamber 18 and the afterburner 19, while the inner diameter of the annular partition is made larger than the corresponding diameter of the outlet opening narrowed at the top of the vortex chamber I (Figure 2 pos. not specified).

Equipping the vortex chamber 9 with annular partitions (in an amount of one or more in accordance with the revised features in the dependent clause of the invention) allows to increase the degree of fuel combustion in the vortex chamber due to the fact that they (annular partitions) provide an increase in the centrifugal force with which the burning the fuel is pressed against the walls of the shell, thereby minimizing the possibility of the discharge of an unburned fuel element into the atmosphere.

At the same time, the number of annular partitions can be selected and manufactured in accordance with the customer’s task and, based on the power, flow rate, etc. indicated by the customer in the individual manufacture of the burner, adapted to almost any type of boilers currently operating in the national economy (industry). In addition, the burner can be equipped with wheels at the request of the customer to facilitate its transportation to the destination.

The use of a cone valve 7 (instead of calibrated holes used in the analogue according to RF patent No. 2296920), as well as the heating of the secondary air and the installation of a vortex chamber, which can be equipped with several annular partitions depending on the needs of the customer (see Fig. 2), allows more flexible to distribute the flows of primary and secondary air and achieve an optimal combustion mode, in connection with which there is a more complete combustion of gases, including sulfur compounds, as a result of this significantly reduced emissions harmful gases into the atmosphere, the service life of the heat exchanger, ducts and other components of the boiler itself increases, the efficiency of the boiler in which the inventive burner is installed increases.

Thus, the use of the claimed invention will significantly (at least 2 times) increase the life of the boiler, because complete combustion of the combustion products reduces the sulfur compounds that cause corrosion of the burner elements: nozzle, vortex and pyrolysis chamber and burner body. Due to more complete combustion of the fuel pellets, the boiler efficiency increases by about 10%, from 85% to 93%.

The claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "novelty" presented to the invention, because the prior art has not identified technical solutions that have a set of features inherent in the claimed burner, allowing to achieve the stated goals.

The claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "inventive step" for inventions, because no technical solutions have been identified from the prior art that coincide with the distinguishing features of the claimed solution, nor has the established popularity of the influence of the distinctive features on the technical results achieved by the applicant, moreover, according to the applicant, the claimed technical solution does not follow explicitly from the prior art, because . The achievement of the declared results required a long creative work, as a result of which, it would seem, insoluble contradictions were resolved, namely:

an increase in the heat transfer of the burner, which implies an increase in the flow rate of the fuel supply, which in turn requires a proportional increase in the flow rate of the air supply, while the fuel supplied from the feeder should logically carry off the air pressure and fly out into the pipe without burning, or fall into the ash pan (this negative effect is observed in the boiler made according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2296920, in which the burner described in the first analogue is installed), however, this does not happen in the claimed technical solution, due to the fact that with an increase in consumption the fuel supply automatically increases air consumption, while the temperature created in the pyrolysis chamber increases, which in turn leads to an increase in heat transfer during fuel combustion and heating of the supplied air to the burner, while the fuel, while continuing to burn, enters the multi-stage vortex chamber, in which unburned fuel begins to rotate in the vortex chamber and burn intensely, while it (fuel) cannot arbitrarily get (fly out) into the second stage of the vortex chamber without complete combustion, i.e. to. the centrifugal force of the fuel presses it to the rim the stronger, the greater the weight of the fuel, at the same time an additional excess pressure is created in the vortex chamber, which can be identified by the sound (hum) emitted by the burner during its operation at maximum fuel consumption modes, as well as by heating the vortex a chamber made of heat-resistant steel to a red glow (about 800-1000 ° C). Further, unburned fuel in the form of sparks, pieces of a small size smoothly, as it gradually burns out and naturally decreases in weight, moves to the second stage, burns there completely, forming almost colorless smoke and finely dispersed ash leaving the narrowed (upper) part of the vortex chamber, in this case, the minimum amount of ash is formed (about 0.001-0.005%), which characterizes a high degree of fuel combustion in comparison with well-known analogues, for example, wood-burning stoves and the device given as an analogue according to patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2296920. The claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "industrial applicability" to the invention, because the burner was manufactured and tested in an industrial environment, it showed the achievement of the declared results during the trial operation in boilers of several private households and during the heating of several industrial buildings and structures in rural areas.

Claims (2)

1. A wood pelletized fuel burner comprising a housing, a hopper, a fan, blast nozzles, a combustion chamber and an afterburner, characterized in that it comprises a metering tube for supplying fuel to the burner, a rod with axial movement and fixation is placed in the burner body for regulation of fuel consumption, a threaded rod with a cone valve is coaxially mounted in the rod with the possibility of smooth regulation of the supply of primary and secondary air to the burner by means of a fan that provides air in the hopper and a burner, wherein a pyrolysis chamber is placed in front of the combustion and afterburning chamber, and the combustion and afterburning chambers are arranged sequentially and are a burner nozzle connected tangentially to a vortex combustion chamber made in the form of a hollow cylindrical shell, muffled at the bottom and narrowed in the upper part, respectively, with the possibility of ensuring the rotational movement of the products of fuel combustion in the vortex chamber, while the casing is provided with a window for ignition, the hopper is equipped with a hermetically sealed lid, moreover, the burner has a second air duct with a shut-off valve for supplying primary air to the hopper. 2. The burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the vortex combustion chamber is multistage with at least two steps, the steps being separated by partitions made in the form of rings mounted on the shell, while the passage area of the annular partitions is reduced towards the exit of combustion products.

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