EP2280858B1 - Bogie with two-part frame - Google Patents

Bogie with two-part frame Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2280858B1
EP2280858B1 EP09753970.4A EP09753970A EP2280858B1 EP 2280858 B1 EP2280858 B1 EP 2280858B1 EP 09753970 A EP09753970 A EP 09753970A EP 2280858 B1 EP2280858 B1 EP 2280858B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
frame
ring
bogie
pressure ring
joint
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EP09753970.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2280858A1 (en
Inventor
Jörg WRITSCHAN
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to PL09753970T priority Critical patent/PL2280858T3/en
Priority to SI200930722T priority patent/SI2280858T1/en
Publication of EP2280858A1 publication Critical patent/EP2280858A1/en
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Publication of EP2280858B1 publication Critical patent/EP2280858B1/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61FRAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/50Other details
    • B61F5/52Bogie frames
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61FRAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F3/00Types of bogies
    • B61F3/02Types of bogies with more than one axle
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61FRAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/26Mounting or securing axle-boxes in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B61F5/30Axle-boxes mounted for movement under spring control in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B61F5/36Arrangements for equalising or adjusting the load on wheels or springs, e.g. yokes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a bogie with two-part frame for rail vehicles, especially for low-floor vehicles.
  • the divided frame consists of two frame members, each having a cross member and a longitudinal member and are interconnected by frame joints.
  • the invention also relates to the use of such a bogie in a low-floor vehicle.
  • Generic bogies are formed, for example, as a drive bogie with two sets of wheels, which are each mounted on the one hand on the first and the other on the second frame member and are driven by a motor with gear and hollow shaft.
  • Under hollow shaft drive is a drive type to understand in which the bogie-resistant drive unit transmits the drive torque to a hollow shaft which surrounds the wheelset shaft. The transmission of the drive torque to the wheel is done by a clutch that can compensate for the wheelset movement.
  • the wheelset consisting of two wheels that are torsionally rigidly connected together via a wheelset shaft, carries and guides the rail vehicle on the track and transmits the driving and braking forces from the vehicle to the track.
  • the bogie has the function to transmit to the footprints of the wheels when carrying and guiding the car body as well as the forces and moments arising during driving and braking from the car body.
  • the main reasons for the use of bogies instead of fixed rigid axles in rail vehicles, in particular longer version, are on the one hand the better cornering and on the other hand the attachment of an additional spring stage, which represents an additional decoupling of the car body from the irregularities of the track position.
  • the better cornering and the additional spring level cause better running characteristics, which leads to a higher ride comfort and greater safety against derailment.
  • the transmitted from the wheels to the rails lateral forces can be very large in the curve passage of a rail vehicle, which leads to increased wear of the wheels and the rails and heavy use of the axles and axle bearings.
  • a bogie with a pivot and two opposite the bogie pivotally mounted axes and a steering mechanism for influencing the pivotal position of the axes goes out of the DE 30 10 381 C2 out.
  • the bogie has separate steering frames with wheelsets that adapt to the radial track layout.
  • DE 41 42 028 C2 discloses a multi-part frame drive disposed on at least two radially adjustable wheelsets.
  • two-piece bogie frame which consist of two connected by rubber joints half frame and can easily adapt to the bumps of the route known.
  • the two motors are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the bogie and connected to the transmission via cardan shafts.
  • the design of the rubber frame joints used in this case has both a rapid aging and embrittlement of the rubber as well as, due to the great elasticity, a very small dimensional accuracy of the entire frame result.
  • Another major disadvantage is the large footprint of the bogie, which makes it difficult to use in the field of low-floor vehicles.
  • the unfavorable arrangement of the joints with regard to the secondary support and the overall construction of the bogie disadvantageously leads to unequal static wheel loads.
  • the US 3,313,245 A discloses as the closest prior art, a bogie for rail vehicles with independent side frames, which are connected via rigid trusses diagonally movable together and formed of T-shaped mutually arranged cross members and side rails.
  • the bogie comprises a diagonally flexible frame having two independent, oppositely arranged universal joints. Trained as ball joints frame joints or connections ensure the independent function of the side frame and limit movements within the frame so that the rectangular and vertical orientation of the bogie is maintained and lateral loads between the side frames are distributed and transmitted.
  • the link bearings enable the relative mobility of the side frames to be limited to an axis that extends diagonally across the bogie through the link bearings at the ends of the linkage trusses.
  • the ball joints essentially have a spherical segment-shaped inner ring with a convex surface and a corresponding with the inner ring outer ring with a hollow spherical concave surface.
  • the mutually corresponding surfaces of inner ring and outer ring are formed as sliding surfaces.
  • a bogie for rail vehicles with a split frame which comprises on the one hand flexibly connected and on the other hand rigidly mounted on the side frame cross member.
  • the cross members each have a cylindrical end piece, which is provided with a sleeve as the inner ring of a ball bearing as a hinge.
  • an outer ring is arranged, which establishes the connection to the side frame.
  • the joints are arranged offset from one another in the direction of travel.
  • the bogies known in the prior art are immovable in their horizontal axes, in particular transversely to the direction of travel, so that track distortions can only be compensated inadequately.
  • the known, this movement enabling, two-piece bogie frame disadvantageously include a rubber joints as a connection of the half-frame.
  • These bogies with a two-part frame require a lot of space and not the proven hollow-shaft drive technology.
  • Object of the present invention is to provide an aging resistant connection of frame elements split bogies with a small footprint available.
  • the construction and maintenance should, unlike the prior art bogies be less expensive and less expensive.
  • the object is achieved by a bogie with a two frame elements consisting of divided frame with the features listed below.
  • the frame members each have a cross member and a side rail, which are T-shaped to each other.
  • the T-shaped arrangement of the carrier is configured at right angles according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • the frame members are rotatably coupled to each other via two frame joints, each connecting a free cross member end of a frame member with a longitudinal beam suspension of the other frame member and allow torsion of the frame members against each other transversely to the direction of travel.
  • the frame joint according to the invention is designed as a ball joint, which comprises a spherical segment-shaped inner ring and a corresponding thereto outer ring.
  • the inner ring has a spherical convex surface as a sliding surface, which is bounded by two small circles. The centers of the small circle are the same distance from the center of the sphere.
  • the inner ring of the ball joint is formed braced with the side rail suspension of a frame member.
  • the ball joint further includes the outer ring with a hollow spherical concave surface corresponding to the inner ring, which is connected to the free cross member end of the other frame member.
  • the spherical convex surface of the inner ring and the corresponding hollow spherical concave surface of the outer ring are formed as sliding surfaces of the ball joint and allow a movement of inner ring to outer ring relative to each other.
  • the frame joint according to the invention is formed from the inner ring and the outer ring and also from a retaining ring, a pressure ring and a screw connection with a screw, a nut and two washers, that is an upper and a lower washer.
  • the pressure ring is formed from a bottom with a hole for passing the screw, a hollow cylindrical shaft and a collar.
  • the bottom of the contact pressure ring is advantageous chamfered or conical with respect to the mounting on the outside.
  • the adjoining the inside of the bottom hollow cylindrical shaft has over its entire length the same outer diameter as the bottom on its inner side.
  • the adjoining the hollow cylindrical shaft collar has the same inner diameter as the shaft, and the outer diameter is functionally larger than the shaft formed.
  • the collar formed by the popping of the outer diameter keeps the inner ring in the vertical direction.
  • the pressure ring is designed so that the lower washer and the nut of the screw are sunk in the interior of the contact pressure.
  • the mother is completely in the mon convinced state of the frame joint in the interior of the hollow cylindrical shaft.
  • the frame joint is thus designed to save space, since the part with nut and washer of the screw are located inside the joint and thus cause no additional space.
  • the power flow in the interior of the joint takes place starting from the longitudinal support suspension of the first frame member via the upper washer, the screw head, the screw shank with the thread, the nut, the lower washer to the ground and the shaft to the collar of the contact ring to the inner ring of the ball joint.
  • the positive connection of the sliding surface of the inner ring with the sliding surface of the outer ring transmits the force from the inner ring to the outer ring and from this via the snap ring to the free cross member end of the cross member on the second frame member.
  • the inner diameter of the inner ring corresponds to the outer diameter of the hollow cylindrical shaft of the contact pressure ring, so that the entire shaft of the pressure ring can be lowered to the collar in the interior of the inner ring. Only the collar of the pressure ring is functionally, the
  • the outer ring of the frame joint is designed as a joint head, which surrounds the inner ring in the circumferential direction.
  • the frame joint comprises a cap and a seal.
  • the frame joints are preferably offset from each other in the direction of travel such that the longitudinal members of the frame members in the direction of travel parallel to each other and the cross member of the frame members are aligned perpendicular to the direction of travel parallel to each other.
  • the advantageous embodiment of the invention in particular with regard to the very space-saving design of the frame joints, allows the use of the frame joint in bogies for low-floor vehicles.
  • the frame joint is preferably designed so that it is easy to lubricate from the outside.
  • a bore with a grease nipple is provided in the region of the arrangement of the outer ring, which serve to supply the sliding surfaces of the frame joint, in particular the contact surfaces between the inner ring and outer ring, with lubricants.
  • the cap and the seal which seal the areas of the connection of the frame joint between the free cross member end and the longitudinal beam suspension, provide an advantageous protection of the frame joint against external influences, by the penetration of foreign substances in the frame joint and in particular between them against each other prevent moving sliding surfaces and the escape of the lubricant from the frame joint.
  • the frame joint can also be designed as a maintenance-free joint.
  • the divided bogie frame with the hingedly interconnected frame members have the advantage over the undivided one-piece frame that the resulting from torsions of the track position, unevenly transmitted to the wheels and thus the frame loads do not lead to tension of the frame structure.
  • the frame elements shared bogie frame experience when crossing track distortions a much lower intrinsic distortion than one-piece frame, which advantageously reduces the burden of the frame members.
  • the frame elements are then no longer interpreted for the burden of self-twist, can be significantly smaller dimensions and are thus easier.
  • passing the track warps does not or only slightly changes the wheel loads, which in turn can be the cause of derailment.
  • the execution of the bogie with split frame is therefore preferred in bad track conditions, for example, in track position with torsions used.
  • the frame joint In addition to the advantage of increasing the derailment by uniform distribution of the wheel loads, the frame joint itself has significant technical advantages.
  • the simple construction with spherical sliding surfaces allows good maintenance and maintenance and thus a very long life, so that a regular replacement of the joints, as they are known for example from the prior art with the compounds made of rubber eliminated.
  • the maintenance and repair is therefore less expensive and intensive in terms of costs and technology.
  • the construction of the frame joint of movably interconnected elements of metal ensures on the one hand a very high Dimensional accuracy and thus advantageously also a drive of the wheelsets via hollow shafts.
  • the construction meets the requirements of minimized space requirements, so that the construction according to the invention is preferably used in bogies for low-floor vehicles.
  • the bogies according to the invention show predominantly pure rolling behavior both when passing through track curves and when crossing over track distortions and the direction of movement of the bogie or the wheels is advantageously adapted to the track layout.
  • the elements of the bogie are positioned by defined rotational poles and the associated spatial movement in the horizontal axis transverse to the direction of travel so that the static wheel load difference is minimized.
  • the connection of the frame members of the bogie via a ball joint causes a high dimensional accuracy of the entire frame, so that the drive of the axles via hollow shafts is possible.
  • a two-part bogie frame is shown in which a frame member 2 is rotated relative to the second frame member 3 about the axis transverse to the direction of travel.
  • Each frame element 2, 3 comprises a cross member 4 and a longitudinal member 5, which are T-shaped to each other.
  • the cross member 4 of the two frame members 2, 3 are perpendicular to the direction of travel parallel to each other and the longitudinal members 5 of the two frame members 2, 3 are aligned parallel to each other in the direction of travel.
  • the x-axis corresponds to the axis in the direction of travel, and the y-axis corresponds to the axis perpendicular or transverse to the direction of travel.
  • Both the x-axis and the y-axis represent axes in the horizontal plane of the bogie 1.
  • the axis in the z-direction is the vertical axis of the bogie 1 and describes the vertical direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
  • the frame members 2, 3 are rotatably coupled to each other via two frame joints 6 such that a spatial rotational movement or a torsion of the frame members 2, 3 about the y-axis, ie transverse to the direction of travel, is possible.
  • the frame joints 6 in each case connect a free cross member end 7 of a frame element 2, 3 with a longitudinal member suspension 8 of the other frame element 2, 3rd
  • the torsion of the frame members 2, 3 causes a relative movement of the ends of the side members 5 to the horizontal plane both in relation to a frame member 2, 3 itself and with respect to the other frame member 2, 3.
  • the torsion of the frame members 2, 3 causes a tilting of the wheelset axles.
  • the wheels of a wheelset are thereby shifted in height, ie in the z-direction, and in the direction of travel, ie in the x-direction, to each other.
  • Fig. 2 shows the two-part bogie frame in plan view.
  • the frame joints 6, each connecting a free cross member end 7 of a frame element 2, 3 with a longitudinal beam suspension 8 of the other frame member 2, 3, are arranged offset to one another in the direction of travel, ie in the x direction.
  • the longitudinal beam suspensions 8 are different from the center of the bogie 1, based on the length or direction of travel or x-direction, arranged before and after the middle.
  • the free cross member ends 7 have an L-shape, at the end of the short leg, the frame joint 6 is mounted.
  • the L-shaped free cross member ends 7 of the two frame members 2, 3 are arranged opposite to each other, so that the distance between the parallel cross member 4 in the direction of travel is greater than the distance between the frame joints. 6
  • Fig. 3 is the frame joint 6 of the invention, which is designed as a ball joint, shown in section.
  • the frame joint 6 comprises a convexly spherical segment-shaped inner ring 9 and a corresponding concave outer ring 10.
  • the spherical convex surface of the spherical segment-shaped inner ring 9 is limited by two small circle whose centers are the same distance from the center of the sphere.
  • the surface of the inner ring 9 corresponding surface of the outer ring 10 is hollow spherical and concave. The corresponding surfaces are formed so that they slide on each other and relative to each other.
  • the frame joint 6 comprises in addition to the inner ring 9 and the outer ring 10 also has a retaining ring 11, a pressure ring 12 and a screw with a screw 13, a nut 14 and two washers 15 ', 15 "and a cap 16 and a seal 21.
  • the longitudinal beam suspension 8 of the frame element 2, 3 is provided with a bore 17.
  • the screw connection is constructed as follows: In the longitudinal axis of the guided through the bore 17 screw 13 follow, starting at the screw head, the upper washer 15 ", the longitudinal beam suspension 8 with bore 17, the retaining ring 11, the inner ring 9, the pressure ring 12, the lower Washer 15 'and the nut 14. Between the screw head and the nut 14, the listed elements are preferably formed compressible so that they are frictionally and rigidly connected.
  • the pressure ring 12 comprises a bottom 22 with a through hole for the screw 13, a hollow cylindrical shaft 23 and a collar 24.
  • the top of the bottom 22 is advantageously formed conically.
  • the collar 24 connects, which has the same inner diameter as the shaft 23 and functionally a larger outer diameter than the shaft 23.
  • the collar 24 holds the inner ring 9 in the vertical direction.
  • the hollow cylindrical shaft 23 of the pressure ring 12 takes in the assembled state of the frame joint 6, the washer 15 'and the nut 14 of the screw in itself.
  • the pressure ring 12 is in turn received by the inner ring 9 and thus held by this in the horizontal direction.
  • the hollow cylindrical shaft 23 of the contact pressure ring 12 has to outside approximately the same diameter as the inner ring 9 on its inside. In this way, the entire shaft 23 of the pressing ring 12 to the collar 24 in the interior of the inner ring 9 is retractable.
  • the collar 24 with a larger outer diameter than the shaft 23 presses the inner ring 9 against the retaining ring 11 in the mounted state.
  • the outer ring 10 which has a lower height than the inner ring 9 and corresponds with its concave shape of the surface of the inside with the convex shape of the surface of the outer side of the inner ring 9, via a snap ring 20 with the free cross member end 7 of the frame element 2, 3rd connected.
  • the frame joint 6 has at the free cross member end 7 of the frame member 2, 3, a bore 18 with a grease nipple 19, via which the supply of the sliding surfaces between the inner ring 9 and outer ring 10 is ensured with lubricants.
  • the seal 21 seals the areas of connection of the frame joint 6 between the free cross member end 7 and the longitudinal beam suspension 8 and the cap 16 seals the lower portion of the frame joint 6 against external influences.
  • the seal 21 and the cap 16 provide an advantageous protection against the ingress of foreign substances in the frame joint 6 and the outlet and thus the loss of lubricant from the frame joint 6.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Drehgestell mit zweigeteiltem Rahmen für Schienenfahrzeuge, insbesondere für Niederflurfahrzeuge. Der geteilte Rahmen besteht aus zwei Rahmenelementen, die jeweils einen Querträger und einen Längsträger aufweisen und durch Rahmengelenke miteinander verbunden sind. Die Erfindung betrifft zudem die Verwendung eines derartigen Drehgestells in einem Niederflur-Fahrzeug.The invention relates to a bogie with two-part frame for rail vehicles, especially for low-floor vehicles. The divided frame consists of two frame members, each having a cross member and a longitudinal member and are interconnected by frame joints. The invention also relates to the use of such a bogie in a low-floor vehicle.

Gattungsgemäße Drehgestelle werden beispielsweise als Triebdrehgestell mit zwei Radsätzen ausgebildet, die jeweils einerseits am ersten und andererseits am zweiten Rahmenelement gelagert sind und über einen Motor mit Getriebe und Hohlwelle angetrieben werden. Unter Hohlwellenantrieb ist eine Antriebsbauart zu verstehen, bei der die drehgestellfeste Antriebseinheit das Antriebsmoment auf eine Hohlwelle überträgt, die die Radsatzwelle umschließt. Die Übertragung des Antriebsmomentes auf den Radsatz erfolgt durch eine Kupplung, die die Radsatzbewegung ausgleichen kann.
Der Radsatz, bestehend aus zwei Rädern, die verdrehsteif über eine Radsatzwelle miteinander verbunden sind, trägt und führt das Schienenfahrzeug auf dem Gleis und überträgt die Antriebs- und Bremskräfte vom Fahrzeug auf das Gleis.
Generic bogies are formed, for example, as a drive bogie with two sets of wheels, which are each mounted on the one hand on the first and the other on the second frame member and are driven by a motor with gear and hollow shaft. Under hollow shaft drive is a drive type to understand in which the bogie-resistant drive unit transmits the drive torque to a hollow shaft which surrounds the wheelset shaft. The transmission of the drive torque to the wheel is done by a clutch that can compensate for the wheelset movement.
The wheelset, consisting of two wheels that are torsionally rigidly connected together via a wheelset shaft, carries and guides the rail vehicle on the track and transmits the driving and braking forces from the vehicle to the track.

Das Drehgestell hat die Funktion, die beim Tragen und Führen des Wagenkastens sowie die beim Antreiben und Abbremsen entstehende Kräfte und Momente vom Wagenkasten auf die Aufstandsflächen der Räder zu übertragen. Die wesentlichen Gründe für den Einsatz von Drehgestellen anstelle von fest montierten Starrachsen bei Schienenfahrzeugen, mit insbesondere längerer Ausführung, sind zum einen die bessere Kurvengängigkeit und zum anderen das Anbringen einer zusätzlichen Federstufe, die eine zusätzliche Entkopplung des Wagenkastens von den Unregelmäßigkeiten der Gleislage darstellt. Die bessere Kurvengängigkeit und die zusätzliche Federstufe bewirken bessere Laufeigenschaften, die zu einem höheren Fahrkomfort und zu einer höheren Sicherheit gegen Entgleisung führen.
Die von den Rädern auf die Schienen übertragenen Querkräfte können bei der Kurvendurchfahrt eines Schienenfahrzeuges sehr groß werden, was zu erhöhtem Verschleiß der Räder und der Schienen sowie einer starken Beanspruchung der Radsatzachsen und der Achslager führt. Diese Nachteile werden im Stand der Technik mit Drehgestellen und insbesondere mehrteiligen Drehgestellen weitestgehend behoben, bei denen einzelne Teile des Drehgestells derart ausgebildet sind, dass sich die Radachsen oder Räder bei Kurvendurchfahrten in ihrer Laufrichtung dem Kurvenradius der Schiene anpassen, d. h. Teile des Drehgestells um die Hochachse beweglich sind.
The bogie has the function to transmit to the footprints of the wheels when carrying and guiding the car body as well as the forces and moments arising during driving and braking from the car body. The main reasons for the use of bogies instead of fixed rigid axles in rail vehicles, in particular longer version, are on the one hand the better cornering and on the other hand the attachment of an additional spring stage, which represents an additional decoupling of the car body from the irregularities of the track position. The better cornering and the additional spring level cause better running characteristics, which leads to a higher ride comfort and greater safety against derailment.
The transmitted from the wheels to the rails lateral forces can be very large in the curve passage of a rail vehicle, which leads to increased wear of the wheels and the rails and heavy use of the axles and axle bearings. These disadvantages are largely eliminated in the prior art with bogies and in particular multipart bogies, in which individual parts of the bogie are designed such that the wheel axles or wheels in curve passages in their direction to the radius of curvature of the rail adapt, ie parts of the bogie about the vertical axis are mobile.

In der DE 25 14 361 C3 wird ein Laufwerk mit einem lasttragenden Rahmen und mit durch diagonale Stangen gegensinnig miteinander gekoppelten Hilfsrahmen, denen jeweils selbststeuernde Radsätze zugeordnet sind, offenbart. Die notwendigen Gelenkverbindungen über den Zentren der Achslager sind derart ausgestaltet, dass jeder Arm beziehungsweise jede Stange um eine vertikale Achse verdrehbar ist. Das Laufwerk ist so ausgebildet, dass sich die Achsen der Radsätze bei Kurvenfahrten selbsttätig auf den jeweiligen Kurvenradius einstellen.In the DE 25 14 361 C3 is a drive with a load-bearing frame and with diagonal rods in opposite directions coupled subframe, each associated with self-steering wheel sets disclosed. The necessary articulations over the centers of the axle bearings are designed such that each arm or each rod is rotatable about a vertical axis. The drive is designed so that the axles of the wheel sets automatically adjust to the respective curve radius when cornering.

Ein Drehgestell mit einem Drehzapfen und zwei gegenüber dem Drehgestell verschwenkbar gelagerten Achsen und einem Lenkmechanismus zur Beeinflussung der Schwenkstellung der Achsen geht aus der DE 30 10 381 C2 hervor. Das Drehgestell weist getrennte Lenkrahmen mit Radsätzen auf, die sich dem radialen Gleisverlauf anpassen.A bogie with a pivot and two opposite the bogie pivotally mounted axes and a steering mechanism for influencing the pivotal position of the axes goes out of the DE 30 10 381 C2 out. The bogie has separate steering frames with wheelsets that adapt to the radial track layout.

Auch in der DE 41 42 028 C2 wird ein Laufwerk mit mehrteiligem Rahmen, der auf mindestens zwei mit radialer Einstellbarkeit versehenen Radsätzen angeordnet ist, offenbart. Die günstige radiale Einstellung der Radsätze und die mittels Zapfen verbundenen Führungsrahmen, der die Kräfte zwischen den Rahmen überträgt, ermöglicht eine den Verschleiß vermindernde Bewegung bei Bogenfahrten.Also in the DE 41 42 028 C2 discloses a multi-part frame drive disposed on at least two radially adjustable wheelsets. The favorable radial adjustment of the wheelsets and connected by pins guide frame, the forces between the Frame transmits, allowing a wear-reducing movement when bow trips.

Die aufgeführten Drehgestelle ermöglichen zwar eine Radialeinstellung der Radsatzachsen, d. h. eine Führung um die Hochachse des Drehgestells. Allerdings nehmen sie auf Grund ihrer Konstruktion sehr viel Raum ein und sind damit für Niederflurfahrzeuge nicht geeignet.Although the listed bogies allow a radial adjustment of the wheelset axles, d. H. a guide around the vertical axis of the bogie. However, due to their design they take up a lot of space and are therefore not suitable for low-floor vehicles.

In der DE 198 26 448 C2 wird ein Drehgestell für Niederflur-Straßenbahnen mit einem gemeinsamen Rahmen für vier Einzelräder, die um ihre Hochachsen schwenkbar gelagert sind und sich dadurch der Rad-Schiene-Geometrie selbsttätig radial zum Gleis und insbesondere zum Gleisbogen einstellen, offenbart. Ein Anstellwinkel der Räder zueinander beziehungsweise relativ zu den Gleisen ist jedoch, wie bei den bisher erwähnten Drehgestellen eine Verdrehung der Achsen in horizontaler Richtung, nicht möglich.In the DE 198 26 448 C2 is a bogie for low-floor trams with a common frame for four individual wheels, which are pivotally mounted about their axes and thereby adjust the wheel-rail geometry automatically radial to the track and in particular to the track curve revealed. An angle of attack of the wheels to each other or relative to the tracks, however, as in the previously mentioned bogies, a rotation of the axes in the horizontal direction, not possible.

In der DE 297 20 120 U1 wird ein Fahrwerk aus zwei Halbdrehgestellen mit definiert angeordneten Drehpolen und Einzelradpaaren beschrieben. Die Konstruktion ohne Radsatzwelle, d. h. mit verringertem Platzbedarf, macht die Verwendung dieses Fahrwerkes in Niederflurfahrzeugen möglich. Die freie Beweglichkeit der Halbdrehgestelle um deren Hochachse und Querachse ermöglicht das radiale Einstellen der Räder passend zum Kurvenverlauf und das problemlose Befahren von Gleisverwindungen. Die Konstruktion weist nachteilig sehr viele Zug/Druck-Stangen mit der dazugehörigen großen Anzahl an Gelenken auf, was den Wartungsaufwand dieser Konstruktion erhöht.In the DE 297 20 120 U1 is described a chassis of two half bogies with defined arranged rotational poles and Einzelradpaaren. The construction without wheelset shaft, ie with reduced space requirements, makes the use of this chassis in low-floor vehicles possible. The free mobility of the semi-bogies about their vertical axis and transverse axis allows the radial adjustment of the wheels to match the curve and the problem driving on track warps. The design disadvantageously has many pull / push rods with the associated large number of joints, which increases the maintenance of this design.

Weiterhin sind im Stand der Technik zweiteilige Drehgestellrahmen, die aus zwei durch Gummigelenke verbundene Halbrahmen bestehen und sich den Unebenheiten der Fahrstrecke gut anpassen können, bekannt. Die zwei Motoren sind in Längsrichtung des Drehgestells angeordnet und mit dem Getriebe über Kardanwellen verbunden.Furthermore, in the prior art two-piece bogie frame, which consist of two connected by rubber joints half frame and can easily adapt to the bumps of the route known. The two motors are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the bogie and connected to the transmission via cardan shafts.

Die Ausführung der dabei eingesetzten Rahmengelenke aus Gummi hat sowohl eine schnelle Alterung und Versprödung des Gummis als auch, auf Grund der großen Elastizität, eine sehr geringe Maßgenauigkeit des gesamten Rahmens zur Folge. Ein weiterer wesentlicher Nachteil ist der große Platzbedarf des Drehgestells, was einen Einsatz im Bereich von Niederflurfahrzeugen erschwert. Außerdem führt die ungünstige Anordnung der Gelenke im Hinblick auf die sekundäre Abstützung und die Gesamtkonstruktion des Drehgestells nachteilig zu ungleichen statischen Radlasten.The design of the rubber frame joints used in this case has both a rapid aging and embrittlement of the rubber as well as, due to the great elasticity, a very small dimensional accuracy of the entire frame result. Another major disadvantage is the large footprint of the bogie, which makes it difficult to use in the field of low-floor vehicles. In addition, the unfavorable arrangement of the joints with regard to the secondary support and the overall construction of the bogie disadvantageously leads to unequal static wheel loads.

Die US 3,313,245 A offenbart als nächstliegender Stand der Technik ein Drehgestell für Schienenfahrzeuge mit unabhängigen Seitenrahmen, die über starre Traversen diagonal beweglich miteinander verbunden und aus jeweils T-förmig zueinander angeordneten Querträgern und Längsträgern ausgebildet sind. Das Drehgestell umfasst einen diagonal flexiblen Rahmen, der zwei voneinander unabhängige, gegenüberliegend angeordnete Universalverbindungen aufweist. Die als Kugelgelenke ausgebildeten Rahmengelenke beziehungsweise Verbindungen stellen die unabhängige Funktion der Seitenrahmen sicher und begrenzen Bewegungen innerhalb des Rahmens, sodass die rechtwinklige und vertikale Ausrichtung des Drehgestelles beibehalten wird sowie seitliche Belastungen zwischen den Seitenrahmen verteilt und übertragen werden. Die Verbindungslager ermöglichen die Beschränkung der relativen Beweglichkeit der Seitenrahmen auf eine Achse, die sich diagonal über das Drehgestell durch die Verbindungslager an den Enden der Verbindungstraversen erstreckt. Die Kugelgelenke weisen im Wesentlichen einen kugelsegmentförmigen Innenring mit konvexer Oberfläche sowie einen mit dem Innenring korrespondierenden Außenring mit hohlkugelförmiger konkaver Oberfläche auf. Die miteinander korrespondierenden Oberflächen von Innenring und Außenring sind als Gleitflächen ausgebildet.The US 3,313,245 A discloses as the closest prior art, a bogie for rail vehicles with independent side frames, which are connected via rigid trusses diagonally movable together and formed of T-shaped mutually arranged cross members and side rails. The bogie comprises a diagonally flexible frame having two independent, oppositely arranged universal joints. Trained as ball joints frame joints or connections ensure the independent function of the side frame and limit movements within the frame so that the rectangular and vertical orientation of the bogie is maintained and lateral loads between the side frames are distributed and transmitted. The link bearings enable the relative mobility of the side frames to be limited to an axis that extends diagonally across the bogie through the link bearings at the ends of the linkage trusses. The ball joints essentially have a spherical segment-shaped inner ring with a convex surface and a corresponding with the inner ring outer ring with a hollow spherical concave surface. The mutually corresponding surfaces of inner ring and outer ring are formed as sliding surfaces.

In der US 3,398,700 A wird ein Drehgestell für Schienenfahrzeuge mit geteiltem Rahmen beschrieben, der einerseits flexibel verbundene und andererseits starr am Seitenrahmen befestigte Querträger umfasst. Die Querträger weisen jeweils ein zylindrisches Endstück auf, das mit einer Hülse als Innenring eines Kugellagers als Gelenk versehen ist. Um die Hülse ist ein Außenring angeordnet, der die Verbindung zum Seitenrahmen herstellt. Die Gelenke sind in Fahrtrichtung zueinander versetzt angeordnet.In the US 3,398,700 A a bogie for rail vehicles with a split frame is described which comprises on the one hand flexibly connected and on the other hand rigidly mounted on the side frame cross member. The cross members each have a cylindrical end piece, which is provided with a sleeve as the inner ring of a ball bearing as a hinge. To the sleeve, an outer ring is arranged, which establishes the connection to the side frame. The joints are arranged offset from one another in the direction of travel.

Die im Stand der Technik bekannten Drehgestelle sind in ihren horizontalen Achsen, insbesondere quer zur Fahrtrichtung, zueinander unbeweglich, so dass Gleisverwindungen nur unzureichend ausgeglichen werden können. Die bekannten, diese Bewegung ermöglichenden, zweiteiligen Drehgestellrahmen umfassen nachteilig zum einen Gummigelenke als Verbindung der Halbrahmen. Diese Drehgestelle mit zweiteiligem Rahmen weisen zum anderen einen hohen Platzbedarf und nicht die bewährte Hohlwellenantriebstechnik auf.The bogies known in the prior art are immovable in their horizontal axes, in particular transversely to the direction of travel, so that track distortions can only be compensated inadequately. The known, this movement enabling, two-piece bogie frame disadvantageously include a rubber joints as a connection of the half-frame. These bogies with a two-part frame, on the other hand, require a lot of space and not the proven hollow-shaft drive technology.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine alterungsbeständige Verbindung von Rahmenelementen geteilter Drehgestelle mit geringem Platzbedarf zur Verfügung zu stellen. Die Konstruktion und die Wartung sollen im Gegensatz zu den zum Stand der Technik gehörenden Drehgestellen weniger aufwändig und weniger kostenintensiv sein.Object of the present invention is to provide an aging resistant connection of frame elements split bogies with a small footprint available. The construction and maintenance should, unlike the prior art bogies be less expensive and less expensive.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Drehgestell mit einem aus zwei Rahmenelementen bestehenden geteilten Rahmen mit den im Folgenden aufgeführten Merkmalen gelöst. Die Rahmenelemente weisen jeweils einen Querträger und einen Längsträger auf, die T-förmig zueinander angeordnet sind. Die T-förmige Anordnung der Träger wird nach einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung rechtwinklig ausgestaltet.The object is achieved by a bogie with a two frame elements consisting of divided frame with the features listed below. The frame members each have a cross member and a side rail, which are T-shaped to each other. The T-shaped arrangement of the carrier is configured at right angles according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.

Nach der Konzeption der Erfindung sind die Rahmenelemente über zwei Rahmengelenke, die jeweils ein freies Querträgerende eines Rahmenelementes mit einer Längsträgeraufhängung des anderen Rahmenelementes verbinden und eine Torsion der Rahmenelemente gegeneinander quer zur Fahrtrichtung zulassen, drehbeweglich miteinander gekoppelt.According to the concept of the invention, the frame members are rotatably coupled to each other via two frame joints, each connecting a free cross member end of a frame member with a longitudinal beam suspension of the other frame member and allow torsion of the frame members against each other transversely to the direction of travel.

Das erfindungsgemäße Rahmengelenk ist als Kugelgelenk ausgebildet, das einen kugelsegmentförmigen Innenring und einen damit korrespondierenden Außenring umfasst. Der Innenring weist eine kugelförmige konvexe Oberfläche als Gleitfläche auf, die durch zwei Kleinkreise begrenzt wird. Die Mittelpunkte der Kleinkreise besitzen den gleichen Abstand vom Mittelpunkt der Kugel. Der Innenring des Kugelgelenkes ist mit der Längsträgeraufhängung eines Rahmenelementes verspannbar ausgebildet. Das Kugelgelenk beinhaltet des Weiteren den Außenring mit einer zum Innenring korrespondierenden hohlkugelförmigen konkaven Oberfläche, der mit dem freien Querträgerende des anderen Rahmenelementes verbunden ist.
Die kugelförmige konvexe Oberfläche des Innenringes und die korrespondierende hohlkugelförmige konkave Oberfläche des Außenringes sind als Gleitflächen des Kugelgelenkes ausgebildet und gestatten eine Bewegung von Innenring zu Außenring relativ zueinander.
The frame joint according to the invention is designed as a ball joint, which comprises a spherical segment-shaped inner ring and a corresponding thereto outer ring. The inner ring has a spherical convex surface as a sliding surface, which is bounded by two small circles. The centers of the small circle are the same distance from the center of the sphere. The inner ring of the ball joint is formed braced with the side rail suspension of a frame member. The ball joint further includes the outer ring with a hollow spherical concave surface corresponding to the inner ring, which is connected to the free cross member end of the other frame member.
The spherical convex surface of the inner ring and the corresponding hollow spherical concave surface of the outer ring are formed as sliding surfaces of the ball joint and allow a movement of inner ring to outer ring relative to each other.

Das erfindungsgemäße Rahmengelenk wird aus dem Innenring sowie dem Außenring und außerdem aus einem Haltering, einem Anpressring und einer Schraubverbindung mit einer Schraube, einer Mutter und zwei Unterlegscheiben, das heißt einer oberen und einer unteren Unterlegscheibe, ausgebildet.The frame joint according to the invention is formed from the inner ring and the outer ring and also from a retaining ring, a pressure ring and a screw connection with a screw, a nut and two washers, that is an upper and a lower washer.

Der Anpressring wird aus einem Boden mit einem Loch zum Durchführen der Schraube, einem hohlzylindrischen Schaft und einem Kragen gebildet.The pressure ring is formed from a bottom with a hole for passing the screw, a hollow cylindrical shaft and a collar.

Der Boden des Anpressringes ist hinsichtlich der Montage an der Außenseite vorteilhaft angefast beziehungsweise konisch ausgebildet. Der sich an der Innenseite des Bodens anschließende hohlzylindrische Schaft weist über seiner gesamten Länge den gleichen Außendurchmesser wie der Boden an seiner Innenseite auf. Der sich am hohlzylindrischen Schaft anschließende Kragen besitzt den gleichen Innendurchmesser wie der Schaft, und der Außendurchmesser ist funktionsgemäß größer als der Schaft ausgebildet. Der durch das Verspringen des Außendurchmessers gebildete Kragen hält den Innenring in vertikaler Richtung.
Der Anpressring ist so ausgebildet, dass die untere Unterlegscheibe und die Mutter der Schraubverbindung im Inneren des Anpressringes versenkt sind. Die Mutter befindet sich im monierten Zustand des Rahmengelenkes vollständig im Inneren des hohlzylindrischen Schaftes. Das Rahmengelenk ist damit konzeptionsgemäß platzsparend ausgebildet, da sich der Teil mit Mutter und Unterlegscheibe der Schraubverbindung im Inneren des Gelenkes befinden und somit keinen zusätzlichen Platzbedarf verursachen.
Der Kraftfluss im Inneren des Gelenkes erfolgt ausgehend von der Längsträgeraufhängung des ersten Rahmenelements über die obere Unterlegscheibe, den Schraubenkopf, den Schraubenschaft mit dem Gewinde, die Schraubenmutter, die untere Unterlegscheibe an den Boden und den Schaft zum Kragen des Anpressringes an den Innenring des Kugelgelenkes. Der Formschluss der Gleitfläche des Innenringes mit der Gleitfläche des Außenringes überträgt die Kraft vom Innenring an den Außenring und von diesem über den Sprengring an das freie Querträgerende des Querträgers auf das zweite Rahmenelement.
The bottom of the contact pressure ring is advantageous chamfered or conical with respect to the mounting on the outside. The adjoining the inside of the bottom hollow cylindrical shaft has over its entire length the same outer diameter as the bottom on its inner side. The adjoining the hollow cylindrical shaft collar has the same inner diameter as the shaft, and the outer diameter is functionally larger than the shaft formed. The collar formed by the popping of the outer diameter keeps the inner ring in the vertical direction.
The pressure ring is designed so that the lower washer and the nut of the screw are sunk in the interior of the contact pressure. The mother is completely in the monierten state of the frame joint in the interior of the hollow cylindrical shaft. The frame joint is thus designed to save space, since the part with nut and washer of the screw are located inside the joint and thus cause no additional space.
The power flow in the interior of the joint takes place starting from the longitudinal support suspension of the first frame member via the upper washer, the screw head, the screw shank with the thread, the nut, the lower washer to the ground and the shaft to the collar of the contact ring to the inner ring of the ball joint. The positive connection of the sliding surface of the inner ring with the sliding surface of the outer ring transmits the force from the inner ring to the outer ring and from this via the snap ring to the free cross member end of the cross member on the second frame member.

Der Innendurchmesser des Innenringes entspricht dem Außendurchmesser des hohlzylindrischen Schaftes des Anpressringes, so dass der gesamte Schaft des Anpressringes bis zum Kragen im Inneren des Innenringes versenkbar ist. Lediglich der Kragen des Anpressringes befindet sich funktionsgemäß, denThe inner diameter of the inner ring corresponds to the outer diameter of the hollow cylindrical shaft of the contact pressure ring, so that the entire shaft of the pressure ring can be lowered to the collar in the interior of the inner ring. Only the collar of the pressure ring is functionally, the

Innenring in vertikaler Richtung haltend, außerhalb des Innenringes des Rahmengelenkes.Holding the inner ring in the vertical direction, outside the inner ring of the frame joint.

Nach einer alternativen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist der Außenring des Rahmengelenkes als Gelenkkopf ausgebildet, der den Innenring in Umfangsrichtung umschließt.According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the outer ring of the frame joint is designed as a joint head, which surrounds the inner ring in the circumferential direction.

Nach einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung umfasst das Rahmengelenk eine Abdeckkappe und eine Dichtung.According to a development of the invention, the frame joint comprises a cap and a seal.

Die Rahmengelenke sind bevorzugt in Fahrtrichtung zueinander derart versetzt angeordnet, dass die Längsträger der Rahmenelemente in Fahrtrichtung parallel zueinander und die Querträger der Rahmenelemente senkrecht zur Fahrtrichtung parallel zueinander ausgerichtet sind.The frame joints are preferably offset from each other in the direction of travel such that the longitudinal members of the frame members in the direction of travel parallel to each other and the cross member of the frame members are aligned perpendicular to the direction of travel parallel to each other.

Die vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die sehr platzsparende Gestaltung der Rahmengelenke, ermöglicht die Verwendung des Rahmengelenkes bei Drehgestellen für Niederflur-Fahrzeuge.The advantageous embodiment of the invention, in particular with regard to the very space-saving design of the frame joints, allows the use of the frame joint in bogies for low-floor vehicles.

Das Rahmengelenk ist bevorzugt so ausgebildet, dass es von außen leicht zugänglich zu schmieren ist. Am freien Querträgerende des Rahmenelementes ist deshalb im Bereich der Anordnung des Außenringes eine Bohrung mit einem Schmiernippel vorgesehen, die der Versorgung der Gleitflächen des Rahmengelenkes, insbesondere der Kontaktflächen zwischen Innenring und Außenring, mit Schmiermitteln dienen. Die Abdeckkappe und die Dichtung, die die Bereiche der Verbindung des Rahmengelenkes zwischen dem freien Querträgerende und der Längsträgeraufhängung gegeneinander abdichten, stellen einen vorteilhaften Schutz des Rahmengelenkes gegen äußere Einflüsse dar, indem sie das Eindringen von Fremdstoffen in das Rahmengelenk und insbesondere zwischen die sich gegeneinander bewegenden Gleitflächen sowie den Austritt des Schmiermittels aus dem Rahmengelenk verhindern.
Alternativ zu dem zu schmierenden Rahmengelenk kann das Rahmengelenk auch als wartungsfreies Gelenk ausgebildet sein.
The frame joint is preferably designed so that it is easy to lubricate from the outside. At the free cross member end of the frame member therefore a bore with a grease nipple is provided in the region of the arrangement of the outer ring, which serve to supply the sliding surfaces of the frame joint, in particular the contact surfaces between the inner ring and outer ring, with lubricants. The cap and the seal, which seal the areas of the connection of the frame joint between the free cross member end and the longitudinal beam suspension, provide an advantageous protection of the frame joint against external influences, by the penetration of foreign substances in the frame joint and in particular between them against each other prevent moving sliding surfaces and the escape of the lubricant from the frame joint.
As an alternative to the frame joint to be lubricated, the frame joint can also be designed as a maintenance-free joint.

Die geteilten Drehgestellrahmen mit den gelenkig miteinander verbundenen Rahmenelementen haben gegenüber den ungeteilten einteiligen Rahmen den Vorteil, dass die aus Verwindungen der Gleislage resultierenden, ungleichmäßig auf die Räder und damit die Rahmen übertragenen Belastungen nicht zu Verspannungen der Rahmenstruktur führen. Die Rahmenelemente geteilter Drehgestellrahmen erfahren beim Überqueren von Gleisverwindungen eine wesentlich geringere Eigenverwindung als einteilige Rahmen, was vorteilhaft die Belastung der Rahmenelemente verringert. Die Rahmenelemente sind dann nicht mehr für die Belastung hinsichtlich der Eigenverwindung auszulegen, können deutlich geringer dimensioniert werden und sind damit leichter. Das Passieren der Gleisverwindungen führt bei Fahrzeugen mit geteilten Drehgestellrahmen, im Gegensatz zu Fahrzeugen mit ungeteilten Rahmen, außerdem nicht oder nur zu geringen Änderungen der Radlasten, die wiederum die Ursache für Entgleisungen sein können. Die Ausführung des Drehgestells mit geteiltem Rahmen wird folglich bevorzugt bei schlechter Gleislage, beispielsweise bei Gleislage mit Verwindungen, eingesetzt.The divided bogie frame with the hingedly interconnected frame members have the advantage over the undivided one-piece frame that the resulting from torsions of the track position, unevenly transmitted to the wheels and thus the frame loads do not lead to tension of the frame structure. The frame elements shared bogie frame experience when crossing track distortions a much lower intrinsic distortion than one-piece frame, which advantageously reduces the burden of the frame members. The frame elements are then no longer interpreted for the burden of self-twist, can be significantly smaller dimensions and are thus easier. In addition, in the case of vehicles with shared bogies, unlike vehicles with undivided frames, passing the track warps does not or only slightly changes the wheel loads, which in turn can be the cause of derailment. The execution of the bogie with split frame is therefore preferred in bad track conditions, for example, in track position with torsions used.

Neben dem Vorteil der Erhöhung der Entgleisungssicherheit durch gleichmäßige Verteilung der Radlasten weist das Rahmengelenk selbst wesentliche technische Vorteile auf. Die einfache Konstruktion mit kugelförmigen Gleitflächen ermöglicht eine gute Wartung sowie Instandhaltung und damit eine sehr lange Lebensdauer, so dass ein regelmäßiger Austausch der Gelenkverbindungen, wie sie zum Beispiel aus dem Stand der Technik mit den Verbindungen aus Gummi bekannt sind, entfällt. Die Wartung und Instandhaltung ist damit in Bezug auf die Kosten und die Technik weniger aufwändig und intensiv.In addition to the advantage of increasing the derailment by uniform distribution of the wheel loads, the frame joint itself has significant technical advantages. The simple construction with spherical sliding surfaces allows good maintenance and maintenance and thus a very long life, so that a regular replacement of the joints, as they are known for example from the prior art with the compounds made of rubber eliminated. The maintenance and repair is therefore less expensive and intensive in terms of costs and technology.

Die Konstruktion des Rahmengelenkes aus beweglich miteinander verbundenen Elementen aus Metall sichert zum einen eine sehr hohe Maßgenauigkeit und damit vorteilhaft auch einen Antrieb der Radsätze über Hohlwellen. Zum anderen erfüllt die Konstruktion die Anforderungen des minimierten Platzbedarfes, so dass die erfindungsgemäße Konstruktion bevorzugt auch bei Drehgestellen für Niederflur-Fahrzeuge einsetzbar ist.The construction of the frame joint of movably interconnected elements of metal ensures on the one hand a very high Dimensional accuracy and thus advantageously also a drive of the wheelsets via hollow shafts. On the other hand, the construction meets the requirements of minimized space requirements, so that the construction according to the invention is preferably used in bogies for low-floor vehicles.

Zusammenfassend ist festzustellen, dass die erfindungsgemäßen Drehgestelle sowohl bei Durchfahrten durch Gleisbögen als auch bei Überfahrten von Gleisverwindungen überwiegend reines Rollverhalten zeigen und die Bewegungsrichtung des Drehgestells beziehungsweise der Räder vorteilhaft an den Schienenverlauf angepasst ist.
Die Elemente des Drehgestells sind durch definiert angeordnete Drehpole und die damit verbundene räumliche Bewegung in der horizontalen Achse quer zur Fahrtrichtung so positioniert, dass der statische Radlastunterschied minimiert ist. Außerdem bewirkt die Verbindung der Rahmenelemente des Drehgestells über ein Kugelgelenk eine hohe Maßgenauigkeit des gesamten Rahmens, so dass der Antrieb der Achsen über Hohlwellen möglich ist.
In summary, it should be noted that the bogies according to the invention show predominantly pure rolling behavior both when passing through track curves and when crossing over track distortions and the direction of movement of the bogie or the wheels is advantageously adapted to the track layout.
The elements of the bogie are positioned by defined rotational poles and the associated spatial movement in the horizontal axis transverse to the direction of travel so that the static wheel load difference is minimized. In addition, the connection of the frame members of the bogie via a ball joint causes a high dimensional accuracy of the entire frame, so that the drive of the axles via hollow shafts is possible.

Weitere Einzelheiten, Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung mit Bezugnahme auf die zugehörigen Zeichnungen. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1:
Zweigeteilter Drehgestellrahmen und verwundenes Rahmenelement,
Fig. 2:
Zweigeteilter Drehgestellrahmen in Draufsicht und
Fig. 3:
Rahmengelenk in Schnittdarstellung.
Further details, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1:
Two-part bogie frame and twisted frame element,
Fig. 2:
Two-part bogie frame in top view and
3:
Frame joint in section.

In Fig. 1 ist ein zweigeteilter Drehgestellrahmen dargestellt, bei dem ein Rahmenelement 2 gegenüber dem zweiten Rahmenelement 3 um die Achse quer zur Fahrtrichtung verdreht ist. Jedes Rahmenelement 2, 3 umfasst dabei einen Querträger 4 und einen Längsträger 5, die T-förmig zueinander angeordnet sind. Die Querträger 4 der beiden Rahmenelemente 2, 3 sind senkrecht zur Fahrtrichtung parallel zueinander und die Längsträger 5 der beiden Rahmenelemente 2, 3 sind in Fahrtrichtung parallel zueinander ausgerichtet.
Die x-Achse entspricht der Achse in Fahrtrichtung, und die y-Achse entspricht der Achse senkrecht beziehungsweise quer zur Fahrtrichtung. Sowohl die x-Achse als auch die y-Achse stellen Achsen in der horizontalen Ebene des Drehgestells 1 dar. Die Achse in z-Richtung ist die Hochachse des Drehgestells 1 und beschreibt die vertikale Richtung senkrecht zur horizontalen Ebene.
Die Rahmenelemente 2, 3 sind über zwei Rahmengelenke 6 drehbeweglich derart miteinander gekoppelt, dass eine räumliche Drehbewegung beziehungsweise eine Torsion der Rahmenelemente 2, 3 um die y-Achse, also quer zur Fahrtrichtung, möglich ist. Die Rahmengelenke 6 verbinden dabei jeweils ein freies Querträgerende 7 eines Rahmenelementes 2, 3 mit einer Längsträgeraufhängung 8 des anderen Rahmenelementes 2, 3.
Die Torsion der Rahmenelemente 2, 3 bewirkt eine Relativbewegung der Enden der Längsträger 5 zur horizontalen Ebene sowohl in Bezug eines Rahmenelementes 2, 3 selbst als auch bezüglich des jeweils anderen Rahmenelementes 2, 3. Unter der Voraussetzung, dass an den Enden der Längsträger 5 die über Achsen verbundenen Radsätze gelagert sind, verursacht die Torsion der Rahmenelemente 2, 3 ein Ankippen der Radsatzachsen. Die Räder eines Radsatzes werden dabei in der Höhe, also in z-Richtung, und in Fahrtrichtung, also in x-Richtung, zueinander verschoben.
In Fig. 1 a two-part bogie frame is shown in which a frame member 2 is rotated relative to the second frame member 3 about the axis transverse to the direction of travel. Each frame element 2, 3 comprises a cross member 4 and a longitudinal member 5, which are T-shaped to each other. The cross member 4 of the two frame members 2, 3 are perpendicular to the direction of travel parallel to each other and the longitudinal members 5 of the two frame members 2, 3 are aligned parallel to each other in the direction of travel.
The x-axis corresponds to the axis in the direction of travel, and the y-axis corresponds to the axis perpendicular or transverse to the direction of travel. Both the x-axis and the y-axis represent axes in the horizontal plane of the bogie 1. The axis in the z-direction is the vertical axis of the bogie 1 and describes the vertical direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
The frame members 2, 3 are rotatably coupled to each other via two frame joints 6 such that a spatial rotational movement or a torsion of the frame members 2, 3 about the y-axis, ie transverse to the direction of travel, is possible. The frame joints 6 in each case connect a free cross member end 7 of a frame element 2, 3 with a longitudinal member suspension 8 of the other frame element 2, 3rd
The torsion of the frame members 2, 3 causes a relative movement of the ends of the side members 5 to the horizontal plane both in relation to a frame member 2, 3 itself and with respect to the other frame member 2, 3. Provided that at the ends of the side members 5 the Are mounted on axles connected wheelsets, the torsion of the frame members 2, 3 causes a tilting of the wheelset axles. The wheels of a wheelset are thereby shifted in height, ie in the z-direction, and in the direction of travel, ie in the x-direction, to each other.

Fig. 2 zeigt den zweigeteilten Drehgestellrahmen in der Draufsicht. Die Rahmengelenke 6, die jeweils ein freies Querträgerende 7 eines Rahmenelementes 2, 3 mit einer Längsträgeraufhängung 8 des anderen Rahmenelementes 2, 3 verbinden, sind in Fahrtrichtung, also in x-Richtung, zueinander versetzt angeordnet. Die Längsträgeraufhängungen 8 sind dabei abweichend von der Mitte des Drehgestells 1, bezogen auf die Länge beziehungsweise Fahrtrichtung oder x-Richtung, vor und nach der Mitte angeordnet.
Die freien Querträgerenden 7 weisen eine L-Form auf, an deren Ende des kurzen Schenkels das Rahmengelenk 6 montiert ist. Die L-förmigen freien Querträgerenden 7 der beiden Rahmenelemente 2, 3 sind entgegengesetzt zueinander angeordnet, so dass der Abstand der parallelen Querträger 4 in Fahrtrichtung größer ist, als der Abstand der Rahmengelenke 6.
Fig. 2 shows the two-part bogie frame in plan view. The frame joints 6, each connecting a free cross member end 7 of a frame element 2, 3 with a longitudinal beam suspension 8 of the other frame member 2, 3, are arranged offset to one another in the direction of travel, ie in the x direction. The longitudinal beam suspensions 8 are different from the center of the bogie 1, based on the length or direction of travel or x-direction, arranged before and after the middle.
The free cross member ends 7 have an L-shape, at the end of the short leg, the frame joint 6 is mounted. The L-shaped free cross member ends 7 of the two frame members 2, 3 are arranged opposite to each other, so that the distance between the parallel cross member 4 in the direction of travel is greater than the distance between the frame joints. 6

In Fig. 3 ist das erfindungsgemäße Rahmengelenk 6, das als Kugelgelenk ausgebildet ist, im Schnitt dargestellt. Das Rahmengelenk 6 umfasst einen konvex kugelsegmentförmigen Innenring 9 und einen damit korrespondierenden konkaven Außenring 10. Die kugelförmige konvexe Oberfläche des kugelsegmentförmigen Innenringes 9 wird durch zwei Kleinkreise, deren Mittelpunkte den gleichen Abstand vom Mittelpunkt der Kugel aufweisen, begrenzt.
Die mit der Oberfläche des Innenringes 9 korrespondierende Oberfläche des Außenringes 10 ist hohlkugelförmig und konkav. Die korrespondierenden Oberflächen sind derart ausgebildet, dass sie aufeinander und relativ zueinander gleiten.
In Fig. 3 is the frame joint 6 of the invention, which is designed as a ball joint, shown in section. The frame joint 6 comprises a convexly spherical segment-shaped inner ring 9 and a corresponding concave outer ring 10. The spherical convex surface of the spherical segment-shaped inner ring 9 is limited by two small circle whose centers are the same distance from the center of the sphere.
The surface of the inner ring 9 corresponding surface of the outer ring 10 is hollow spherical and concave. The corresponding surfaces are formed so that they slide on each other and relative to each other.

Das Rahmengelenk 6 umfasst neben dem Innenring 9 sowie dem Außenring 10 außerdem einen Haltering 11, einen Anpressring 12 und eine Schraubverbindung mit einer Schraube 13, einer Mutter 14 und zwei Unterlegscheiben 15', 15" sowie eine Abdeckkappe 16 und eine Dichtung 21. Die Längsträgeraufhängung 8 des Rahmenelementes 2, 3 ist mit einer Bohrung 17 versehen.
Die Schraubverbindung ist wie folgt aufgebaut: In Längsachse der durch die Bohrung 17 hindurchgeführten Schraube 13 folgen, beginnend beim Schraubenkopf, die obere Unterlegscheibe 15", die Längsträgeraufhängung 8 mit Bohrung 17, der Haltering 11, der Innenring 9, der Anpressring 12, die untere Unterlegscheibe 15' und die Mutter 14. Zwischen dem Schraubenkopf und der Mutter 14 sind die aufgeführten Elemente bevorzugt derart zusammenpressbar ausgebildet, dass sie kraftschlüssig und starr verbindbar sind. Damit wird eine Verbindung zwischen dem Innenring 9 des Rahmengelenkes 6 und der Längsträgeraufhängung 8 des Rahmenelementes 2, 3 realisiert.
Der Innenring 9, der Anpressring 12 sowie die untere Unterlegscheibe 15' und die Mutter 14 sind so gestaltet, dass sie ineinander integrierbar sind. Das Ineinanderschieben der einzelnen Elemente ist besonders platzsparend. Nach der Ausgestaltung der Erfindung gemäß Fig. 3 umfasst der Anpressring 12 einen Boden 22 mit einer durchgehenden Bohrung für die Schraube 13, einen hohlzylindrischen Schaft 23 und einen Kragen 24. Die Oberseite des Bodens 22 ist vorteilhafterweise konisch ausgebildet. Damit lässt sich der Anpressring 12 bei der Montage leicht zentrieren und in den Innenring 9 einführen.
An den Boden 22 schließt sich der Schaft 23 an, der über der gesamten Länge den gleichen Außendurchmesser wie der Boden 22 aufweist. An den Schaft 23 schließt sich der Kragen 24 an, der den gleichen Innendurchmesser wie der Schaft 23 und funktionsgemäß einen größeren Außendurchmesser als der Schaft 23 aufweist. Der Kragen 24 hält den Innenring 9 in vertikaler Richtung.
Der hohlzylindrische Schaft 23 des Anpressringes 12 nimmt im montierten Zustand des Rahmengelenkes 6 die Unterlegscheibe 15' und die Mutter 14 der Schraubverbindung in sich auf. Der Anpressring 12 wird seinerseits vom Innenring 9 aufgenommen und somit von diesem in horizontaler Richtung gehalten. Der hohlzylindrische Schaft 23 des Anpressringes 12 weist dazu außen annähernd den gleichen Durchmesser auf wie der Innenring 9 auf seiner Innenseite. Auf diese Art und Weise ist der gesamte Schaft 23 des Anpressringes 12 bis zum Kragen 24 im Inneren des Innenringes 9 versenkbar. Der Kragen 24 mit einem größeren Außendurchmesser als der Schaft 23 drückt im montierten Zustand den Innenring 9 gegen den Haltering 11.
The frame joint 6 comprises in addition to the inner ring 9 and the outer ring 10 also has a retaining ring 11, a pressure ring 12 and a screw with a screw 13, a nut 14 and two washers 15 ', 15 "and a cap 16 and a seal 21. The longitudinal beam suspension 8 of the frame element 2, 3 is provided with a bore 17.
The screw connection is constructed as follows: In the longitudinal axis of the guided through the bore 17 screw 13 follow, starting at the screw head, the upper washer 15 ", the longitudinal beam suspension 8 with bore 17, the retaining ring 11, the inner ring 9, the pressure ring 12, the lower Washer 15 'and the nut 14. Between the screw head and the nut 14, the listed elements are preferably formed compressible so that they are frictionally and rigidly connected. Thus, a connection between the inner ring 9 of the frame joint 6 and the longitudinal beam suspension 8 of the frame element 2, 3 is realized.
The inner ring 9, the pressure ring 12 and the lower washer 15 'and the nut 14 are designed so that they can be integrated with each other. The nesting of the individual elements is particularly space-saving. According to the embodiment of the invention according to Fig. 3 the pressure ring 12 comprises a bottom 22 with a through hole for the screw 13, a hollow cylindrical shaft 23 and a collar 24. The top of the bottom 22 is advantageously formed conically. Thus, the pressure ring 12 can be easily centered during assembly and insert into the inner ring 9.
At the bottom 22, the shaft 23 connects, which has the same outer diameter as the bottom 22 over the entire length. To the shaft 23, the collar 24 connects, which has the same inner diameter as the shaft 23 and functionally a larger outer diameter than the shaft 23. The collar 24 holds the inner ring 9 in the vertical direction.
The hollow cylindrical shaft 23 of the pressure ring 12 takes in the assembled state of the frame joint 6, the washer 15 'and the nut 14 of the screw in itself. The pressure ring 12 is in turn received by the inner ring 9 and thus held by this in the horizontal direction. The hollow cylindrical shaft 23 of the contact pressure ring 12 has to outside approximately the same diameter as the inner ring 9 on its inside. In this way, the entire shaft 23 of the pressing ring 12 to the collar 24 in the interior of the inner ring 9 is retractable. The collar 24 with a larger outer diameter than the shaft 23 presses the inner ring 9 against the retaining ring 11 in the mounted state.

Der Außenring 10, der eine geringere Höhe als der Innenring 9 aufweist und mit seiner konkaven Form der Oberfläche der Innenseite mit der konvexen Form der Oberfläche der Außenseite des Innenringes 9 korrespondiert, ist über einen Sprengring 20 mit dem freien Querträgerende 7 des Rahmenelementes 2, 3 verbunden.The outer ring 10, which has a lower height than the inner ring 9 and corresponds with its concave shape of the surface of the inside with the convex shape of the surface of the outer side of the inner ring 9, via a snap ring 20 with the free cross member end 7 of the frame element 2, 3rd connected.

Das Rahmengelenk 6 weist am freien Querträgerende 7 des Rahmenelementes 2, 3 eine Bohrung 18 mit einem Schmiernippel 19 auf, über die die Versorgung der Gleitflächen zwischen Innenring 9 und Außenring 10 mit Schmiermitteln sichergestellt wird. Die Dichtung 21 dichtet die Bereiche der Verbindung des Rahmengelenkes 6 zwischen dem freien Querträgerende 7 und der Längsträgeraufhängung 8 und die Abdeckkappe 16 dichtet den unteren Bereich des Rahmengelenkes 6 gegen äußere Einflüsse ab. Die Dichtung 21 und die Abdeckkappe 16 stellen einen vorteilhaften Schutz gegen das Eindringen von Fremdstoffen in das Rahmengelenk 6 sowie den Austritt und damit den Verlust von Schmiermittel aus dem Rahmengelenk 6 dar.The frame joint 6 has at the free cross member end 7 of the frame member 2, 3, a bore 18 with a grease nipple 19, via which the supply of the sliding surfaces between the inner ring 9 and outer ring 10 is ensured with lubricants. The seal 21 seals the areas of connection of the frame joint 6 between the free cross member end 7 and the longitudinal beam suspension 8 and the cap 16 seals the lower portion of the frame joint 6 against external influences. The seal 21 and the cap 16 provide an advantageous protection against the ingress of foreign substances in the frame joint 6 and the outlet and thus the loss of lubricant from the frame joint 6.

LISTE DER BEZUGSZEICHENLIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS

11 Drehgestellbogie 2, 32, 3 Rahmenelementframe element 44 Querträgercrossbeam 55 Längsträgerlongitudinal beams 66 Rahmengelenkframe joint 77 freies Querträgerendefree cross member end 88th LängsträgeraufhängungLongitudinal beams suspension 99 Innenringinner ring 1010 Außenringouter ring 1111 Halteringretaining ring 1212 Anpressringcompression ring 1313 Schraubescrew 1414 Muttermother 15', 15"15 ', 15 " Unterlegscheibewasher 1616 Abdeckkappecap 17, 1817, 18 Bohrungdrilling 1919 Schmiernippelgrease nipple 2020 Sprengringsnap ring 2121 Dichtungpoetry 2222 Bodenground 2323 Schaftshaft 2424 Kragencollar xx x-Achse - Fahrtrichtungx-axis - direction of travel yy y-Achse - quer zur Fahrtrichtungy-axis - transverse to the direction of travel zz z-Achse - Hochachsez-axis - vertical axis

Claims (6)

  1. Bogie (1) for rail vehicles having a divided frame which is composed of two frame elements (2, 3), wherein each frame element (2, 3) is formed from a transverse carrier (4) and a longitudinal carrier (5) which are arranged with respect to one another in a T-shape, and the frame elements (2, 3) are rotationally connected to one another by means of two frame joints (6) so as to permit torsion of the frame elements (2, 3) with respect to one another transverely in relation to the direction of travel, wherein
    - each frame joint (6) connects a free transverse carrier end (7) of a frame element (2, 3) to a longitudinal carrier suspension means (8) of the other frame element (2, 3),
    - the frame joint (6) is embodied as a ball-and-socket joint and comprises a ball-segment-shaped internal ring (9) and an external ring (10) which corresponds to the internal ring (9), a retaining ring (11), a pressure ring (12) and a threaded connection comprising a screw (13), a nut (14) and two washers (15', 15"), wherein
    - the internal ring (9) has a spherical convex surface and is designed such that it can be clamped to the longitudinal carrier suspension means (8),
    - the external ring (10) has a hollow-ball-shaped concave surface which corresponds to the internal ring (9) and is designed such that it can be connected to the transverse carrier end (7),
    - the sperhical convex surface of the internal ring (9) and the corresponding hollow-ball-shaped concave surface of the external ring (10) are embodied as surfaces which slide in relation to one another,
    - the pressure ring (12) has a bottom (22) comprising a hole for the screw (13) and a hollow-cylindrical shaft (23),
    characterized in that
    - the frame joint (6) compries a cover cap (16) and a sealing means (21),
    - the pressure ring has a collar (24) with a larger outer diameter than the shaft (23) and
    - the washer (15') and the nut (14) of the threaded connection are formed inside the hollow-cylindrical shaft (23) of the pressure ring (12) and the pressure ring (12) comprising the bottom (22) and the hollow-cylindrical shaft (23) is formed inside the internal ring (9) in such a manner that it can be inserted into the internal ring down to the collar (24).
  2. Bogie (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom (22) of the pressure ring (12) at one side thereof is chamfered or designed with a conical shape and at a second side thereof passes into or else is connected to the shaft (23) of the pressure ring (12).
  3. Bogie (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bottom (22) of the pressure ring (12) has the same outer diameter as the shaft (23) of the pressure ring (12).
  4. Bogie (1) according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the collar (24) of the pressure ring (12) has the same inner diameter as the shaft (23) of the pressure ring (12).
  5. Bogie (1) according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the external ring (10) of the frame joint (6) is designed as a joint head which receives the internal ring (9).
  6. Use of a bogie (1) according to any of claims 1 to 5 for low-floor vehicles.
EP09753970.4A 2008-05-30 2009-05-29 Bogie with two-part frame Not-in-force EP2280858B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL09753970T PL2280858T3 (en) 2008-05-30 2009-05-29 Bogie with two-part frame
SI200930722T SI2280858T1 (en) 2008-05-30 2009-05-29 Bogie with two-part frame

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008027129A DE102008027129B4 (en) 2008-05-30 2008-05-30 Bogie with two-part frame
PCT/EP2009/056668 WO2009144315A1 (en) 2008-05-30 2009-05-29 Bogie with two-part frame

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2280858A1 EP2280858A1 (en) 2011-02-09
EP2280858B1 true EP2280858B1 (en) 2013-06-19

Family

ID=41077739

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09753970.4A Not-in-force EP2280858B1 (en) 2008-05-30 2009-05-29 Bogie with two-part frame

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2280858B1 (en)
DE (1) DE102008027129B4 (en)
DK (1) DK2280858T3 (en)
EA (1) EA015613B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2429713T3 (en)
HR (1) HRP20130878T1 (en)
PL (1) PL2280858T3 (en)
SI (1) SI2280858T1 (en)
WO (1) WO2009144315A1 (en)

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CN104442879A (en) * 2014-12-16 2015-03-25 南车株洲电力机车有限公司 Railway vehicle and bogie thereof

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EP2454139B1 (en) * 2009-07-16 2014-05-14 Siemens AG Österreich Railway boggie
TR201107418A2 (en) * 2011-07-27 2012-06-21 Durmazlar Maki̇na Sanayi̇ Ve Ti̇caret Anoni̇m Şi̇rketi̇ Improved bogie for rail vehicles.
FI125398B (en) * 2013-12-11 2015-09-30 Helsingin Kaupungin Liikennelaitos Liikelaitos Boggy and trolley construction for rail vehicles
ES2565552B1 (en) * 2014-09-30 2017-01-18 Patentes Talgo, S.L. Rolling assembly for rail vehicles
CN109878536A (en) * 2019-02-27 2019-06-14 河南中平晟佳科技有限公司 A kind of lateral, stepless ultrahigh-vacuum system of vertical adaptive self-stabilization

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GB1141550A (en) * 1967-04-27 1969-01-29 Rockwell Mfg Co Railway trucks
DE1755733A1 (en) * 1968-06-14 1973-03-01 Haegglund & Soener Ab SWIVEL BASE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
DE2514361C3 (en) * 1974-04-05 1981-08-27 South African Inventions Development Corp., Pretoria, Transvaal Chassis for a rail vehicle
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DE4142028C2 (en) * 1991-12-19 1999-07-01 Abb Henschel Lokomotiven Running gear for rail vehicles
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104442879A (en) * 2014-12-16 2015-03-25 南车株洲电力机车有限公司 Railway vehicle and bogie thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK2280858T3 (en) 2013-10-07
SI2280858T1 (en) 2013-12-31
EA015613B1 (en) 2011-10-31
DE102008027129A1 (en) 2009-12-17
EA201001897A1 (en) 2011-06-30
HRP20130878T1 (en) 2013-12-06
EP2280858A1 (en) 2011-02-09
WO2009144315A1 (en) 2009-12-03
ES2429713T3 (en) 2013-11-15
PL2280858T3 (en) 2014-01-31
DE102008027129B4 (en) 2013-09-26

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