Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
  • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
  • B66C19/00—Cranes comprising trolleys or crabs running on fixed or movable bridges or gantries
  • B66C19/007—Cranes comprising trolleys or crabs running on fixed or movable bridges or gantries for containers

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a machine for handling various loads, in particular containers in port and interport areas, railway yards or the like.
• the loading and unloading phases of containers from a ship are carried out at an equipped dock on which operate large cranes on rails, in larger ports, or moving cranes mounted on rubber wheels, in the case of smaller ports.
• the handling of the containers in the ports begins with the mooring of the ship to be unloaded and/or loaded at the dock.
• the actual unloading or loading phase starts: the dock cranes position with their jibs above the ship, positioned side by side from at least two to at most six (for the larger ships) ready for the subsequent handling of the containers to be unloaded and/or loaded.
• the cranes start to unload the containers:
• This latter system though allowing the dock cranes to operate with the utmost speed, being able to unload the container directly onto the ground, is nevertheless slower than the system that utilises the trailers and the reason for this is that during the transport phase of the container from the dock to the yard and of their subsequent stacking the self-loading machines are slower both during the transport phase and the lifting phase.
• the trailers in turn, though faster during the transport phase of the containers from the dock to the yard, slow down both the dock cranes during the loading phase, as described above, and the yard cranes during the unloading phase.
• the self-loading and self-unloading machines currently in circulation are of three types, conventionally known as fork-lift trucks, reach- stackers and straddle carriers.
• the dock cranes deposit the containers on the ground enabling them to exploit their speed to the utmost; once placed on the ground, however, the machines have to fasten onto the containers with their so-called “spreaders”, lift them by at least 3-4 metres to allow the operators to see the route during the transport phase as far as the yard and, finally, stack them one on top of the other.
• the main object of the machine according to the invention therefore, is to obtain superior performance levels to those of current machines, in the various container fastening-on, transport and release operations.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a machine able to considerably reduce total weight, lifting and transport characteristics being equal, and try and exploit all its construction features to the full.
• a further object of the present invention is to provide a machine of low overall dimensions and weight, such as to allow transporting containers in conditions of utmost safety and at high speed.
• the present machine for handling various loads, in particular containers in port and interport areas, railway yards or the like, comprising at least an upper perimeter structure which is associated at two side panels with at least a pair of respective vertical side uprights, opposite one another and having handling means on the ground, and lifting means suitable for lifting/lowering at least a load arranged in the space below said perimeter structure, characterized in that said lifting means comprise at least a first and a second crosspiece substantially horizontal and transversal to the longitudinal direction of said perimeter structure and at a distance the one from the other, each crosspiece having respective grip means of said loads and being associated with elevator means for lifting and/or lowering with respect to the ground.
• figure 1 is a side view, partially in transparency, of a first embodiment of the machine according to the invention in a work configuration
• figure 2 is a view from above of the machine of figure 1
• figure 3 is a side view of the machine of figure 1, in a different work configuration
• figure 4 is a view from above of the machine of figure 3
• figure 5 is a front view of the machine of figure 1, with containers on the ground
• figure 6 is a side view, partially in transparency, of a second embodiment of the machine according to the invention in a work configuration
• figure 7 is a view from above of the machine of figure 6
• figure 8 is a front view of the machine of figure 6, with containers on the ground
• figure 9 is a side view, partially in transparency, of
• the machine 1 is composed of an upper perimeter structure 2 joined integral with a longitudinal structure 3 made up of two sections 3 a and 3b.
• the side and longitudinal panels of the perimeter structure 2 are composed of a pair of beams 4, substantially parallel to the sections of the longitudinal structure 3.
• the sections of the longitudinal structure 3 are made integral with the two transversal side panels 5 of the structure 2 and support respective front and rear heads 6.
• the heads 6 comprise respective end crosspieces 7a that make up part of the lifting means for lifting and/or lowering a load (container) C below the perimeter structure 2 and which have respective grip means 8a, in particular for fastening onto 40-45 foot containers.
• the longitudinal side panels of the perimeter structure 2 centrally support a pair of intermediate bracket supports 7b, arranged substantially parallel with one another and with the end crosspieces 7a and these too having grip means 8b for lifting and/or lowering loads C, in particular 20-foot containers.
• the longitudinal beams 4 are associated with pairs of respective side vertical uprights 9, opposite one another and having handling means on the ground 10, of the wheel type or the like.
• respective horizontal equalizers 11 are fitted with which are associated handling joints that allow the machine 1 to move in all directions, including over bumpy or rough ground.
• the handling means 10 are composed of pairs of wheels 12 mounted on respective horizontal equalizers 11 of the two side uprights 9.
• the wheels are rubber covered, driven by hydraulic motors and all steering, aligned with each other along directions substantially parallel with the longitudinal direction of the perimeter structure 2.
• the machine 1 has a driving cab 13 with seat ergonomically adaptable to the weight and build of the operator.
• the cab is located in the top part of the machine, raised, turning by 180° and in a position such as to allow the operator to easily control all the manoeuvres.
• these comprise both the two crosspieces 7a, fixed integral to the perimeter structure 2 at the front and rear heads 6, and the pair of intermediate bracket supports 7b, integral with the beams 4 making up the side panels of the perimeter structure 2 and turned towards the inside of the structure itself.
• the vertical side uprights 9 are associated with respective elevator means of the fluid-dynamic operating type 14.
• Such elevator means are suitable for lifting and/or lowering the entire perimeter structure 2 which supports integral the sections of the longitudinal structure 3 bearing the end crosspieces 7a and the intermediate bracket supports 7b, so as to allow the lifting and/or the lowering of the containers C fastened on by means of the respective grip means 8a, 8b.
• the bracket supports 7b are, in turn, associated with regulating means 15 for regulating the height off the ground which are suitable for positioning them between two configurations: - an idle configuration, in which they are placed at the same height as the longitudinal beams 4 of the structure 2 to allow the grip and the lifting/lowering and transport of a 40-foot container C by means of the crosspieces 7a;
• the regulating means 15 are of the fluid-dynamic operating type, but alternative embodiments cannot be ruled out.
• the sections 3a and 3b of the longitudinal structure 3 are associated with respective adjustment means 16 for adjusting their length and are suitable for allowing the adjustment of the distance between the respective heads 7a, so as to allow gripping both 40-foot containers C (figures 1 and 2) and 45-foot containers C (figures 3 and 4).
• the adjustment means 16 can be of the telescopic type, the sections 3a and 3b being made up of at least two substantially coaxial elements sliding one in the other and with in between actuator means 17 of the fluid-dynamic type or the like. Alternative embodiments of such adjustment means 16 cannot however be ruled out.
• the perimeter structure 2 is double and supports in substantially central position a double pair of intermediate supports 7b integral with one another and supported by a single central crosspiece 18 suitable for ensuring greater machine sturdiness and stability.
• such second embodiment of the machine though being of greater weight and overall dimensions than the first embodiment, permits handling two 40-45 foot containers at the same time or, alternatively, four 20-foot containers
• the second embodiment of the machine according to the invention also has the sections 3a and 3b of the two longitudinal structures 3 associated with respective adjustment means 16 for adjusting their length which are suitable for allowing the adjustment of the distance between the respective heads 7a, so as to allow both the gripping of 40-foot and 45-foot containers C (figures 6 and 7).
• one or more tanks for containing both the motor fuelling fluids for the operation of the entire machine 1, and the supply fluids of the entire hydraulic system, and any other fluid needed by the machine 1 to operate further primary or auxiliary devices.
• the machine 1 is sized so the distance of the perimeter structure 2 off the ground is substantially only a little higher than the standardised height of the container to be handled, to allow raising the containers themselves off the ground.
• the height of the structure 2 is such that the end crosspieces 7a and the intermediate supports 7b in fully raised position are arranged slightly above the containers C resting on the ground.
• the distance between the opposite uprights 9 supporting the wheels 12 is substantially bigger than the standardised width of the containers to be handled, in particular to allow the easy fitting of the machine 1 astride the container to be fastened onto, lifted and transported. This makes it possible to leave room for manoeuvre between the equalizers 11 of the wheels 12 and the containers C, thus allowing the wheels themselves to steer correctly in all conditions of use.
• the machine according to the invention is particularly compact and with limited overall dimensions both in terms of height and width and can be used in an easy, practical way and in conditions of great efficiency and safety, without any risk of turning over on bends taken at high speed.
• Alternative embodiments of the present invention cannot however be ruled out in which the height of the structures 2 and 3 off the ground is increased with respect to what is shown in the illustrations.
• the machine can in fact be sized so as to be able to load the containers on the trailer of a truck, for direct delivery to the customer, without affecting all the handling features, both during the loading and the unloading of a ship.
• the machine cannot even be ruled out that the machine be built, on request, with an upper structure 2 able to lift the containers to such a height as to be able to stack the containers one on top of the other or on top of another row of containers, by simply extending the vertical uprights 9, keeping these fixed, or making them telescopic.
• the machine according to the invention does not require the spreader because for lifting it uses the same perimeter structure bearing the various crosspieces.
• the spreader is not an accessory, but is rather indispensable, with enormous drawbacks due to the dead weight (10-12 tonnes of ballast to be transported) and to the swinging of same and of the transported container.
• the machine according to the invention can also support one or more spreaders, while in any case making it possible to maintain a generally compact structure and with reasonably small overall dimensions and low weight, which are the main particular features of the invention.
• the figures from 9 to 16 show a third embodiment of the machine according to the invention, identical to the preceding ones as regards the main features, in which the double perimeter structure 2 and the longitudinal structures 3 support at least a pair of spreaders 19 of known type for gripping and transporting the containers C.
• the spreaders 19 are supported in such a way as to allow gripping containers C of variable height and length equal to 40-45 feet (figures 9, 10, 11 and 12) or 20 feet (figures 13, 14, 15 and 16).
• the lifting/lowering of the entire perimeter structure 2 and of the longitudinal structures 3 is determined by their sliding along the respective uprights 9.
• the spreaders 19 are supported by the double perimeter structure 2 and by the two longitudinal structures 3 so as to be independent the one from the other in the respective height movements with respect to the ground below.
• the structure of the machine 1 is fixed and the spreaders are associated with respective operating means 20, independent the one from the other, for their lifting/lowering with respect to the load-bearing structure and the grip of the containers C.
• this machine permits speeding up and rationalising the handling of the containers in the entire port area, interport area, railway yard or the like, avoiding the blockages due to the presence of several containers on the ground.
• a further innovative strong point of the invention is represented by the peculiarity of the machine whereby it does not necessarily require the spreader, to be used if necessary as an additional but not indispensable accessory, as occurs on the other hand for any machine in circulation today that performs container handling operations (straddle-carrier, reach-stacker or fork-lift truck) which must necessarily be accessorized with a spreader in order to handle the containers.
• Another object achieved by the invention is to obtain a single and rigid structure, so as to ensure the utmost stability during container transport, very high transport speeds, even higher than those of the trailers themselves, and reduce, if not eliminate, the risks of overturning both in loading and unloading conditions.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Ship Loading And Unloading (AREA)
• Types And Forms Of Lifts (AREA)
• Carriers, Traveling Bodies, And Overhead Traveling Cranes (AREA)
• Warehouses Or Storage Devices (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=40293046

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

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Citations (2)

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• 2008
  • 2008-03-28 IT ITMO20080092 patent/ITMO20080092A1/it unknown
• 2009
  • 2009-03-27 WO PCT/IB2009/005100 patent/WO2009118636A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2009-03-27 EP EP09724501A patent/EP2265538A1/de not_active Withdrawn

Patent Citations (2)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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