EP2259881B1 - Anlage zum reversierwalzen von stahlbändern - Google Patents

Anlage zum reversierwalzen von stahlbändern Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2259881B1
EP2259881B1 EP08787941.7A EP08787941A EP2259881B1 EP 2259881 B1 EP2259881 B1 EP 2259881B1 EP 08787941 A EP08787941 A EP 08787941A EP 2259881 B1 EP2259881 B1 EP 2259881B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stand
upright
rolling direction
cage
rolls
Prior art date
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Not-in-force
Application number
EP08787941.7A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2259881A1 (de
Inventor
Bernard Rossigneux
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Clecim SAS
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Siemens VAI Metals Technologies SAS
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Publication of EP2259881A1 publication Critical patent/EP2259881A1/de
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Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B31/00—Rolling stand structures; Mounting, adjusting, or interchanging rolls, roll mountings, or stand frames
    • B21B31/02—Rolling stand frames or housings; Roll mountings ; Roll chocks
    • B21B31/06—Fastening stands or frames to foundation, e.g. to the sole plate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
    • B21B1/24—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length in a continuous or semi-continuous process

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a rolling plant of the type comprising a reversible mill with two cages.
  • the rolling of steel strips can be performed on different types of rolling plant.
  • the so-called "reversible" rolling installations make it possible to roll a strip, which moves in a rolling direction, alternately in one direction and then in the other.
  • the strip is rolled by passing through a rolling mill comprising, between two winder / unwinder devices, a cage or two cages arranged successively in the rolling direction.
  • the two-cage reversible plants have a production capacity of 300,000 to 1,000,000 tons per year against a production capacity of 200,000 to 600,000 tons per year for single-cage reversible plants.
  • Reversible installations with two cages also have the advantage of reducing the number of rolling passes in one direction and then in the other.
  • the patent EP 0 618 018 B1 discloses such a reversible rolling mill with two cages for cold rolling.
  • an inter-cage length located between the grips of the rolls of the two stands is not rolled to the desired thickness. Indeed, this inter-cage length has been rolled by passing through only one of the two cages, namely the cage located near the winding device / unwinder on which is fixed the end of head or tail considered .
  • an end length corresponding to the sum of a service length and an inter-cage length has a thickness out of tolerances. Both end lengths should be eliminated and put to the test at the end of rolling. Rolling penalizes the performance of reversible two-cage installations.
  • each cage has a rolling capacity of the order of 2400 tons.
  • each cage is for example equipped with support rollers having a diameter of 1250 mm and working rolls having a diameter of 450 mm.
  • each cage typically has amounts whose height is 9,000 mm and the width of 4,000 mm.
  • the inter-axis distance separating the planes of symmetry of the two cages, vertical planes in which the axes of the cylinders rest, is 6,000 mm.
  • the inter-axis distance is necessarily greater than a minimum resulting from the geometry of the cages and the installation constraints of these on civil engineering.
  • the amounts of the cages reversible mills two cages include fastening ears on the civil engineering.
  • An upright attachment lug forms a protuberance, in the rolling direction, beyond the vertical plane of the face of the post carrying that ear.
  • the lateral face of an amount of the first cage, perpendicular to the rolling direction and oriented towards the second cage has an ear projecting towards the second cage.
  • the side face of an amount of the second cage, perpendicular to the rolling direction and oriented towards the first cage has an ear projecting towards the first cage.
  • Fixing ears lead to an inter-axis distance of 6 000 mm, ie at an inter-cage distance of 2 000 mm, the inter-cage distance corresponding to the distance separating the two outer lateral faces situated on each of the first and second pillars cages and facing each other.
  • the attachment lugs have through bores for the passage of fasteners of the uprights on the civil engineering.
  • the underside of these attachment lugs is the support surface of the amount on the civil engineering.
  • the lower face of the upright falls below the level of the lower faces of the attachment lugs, and is located above a pit arranged in the civil engineering, under the cage, to collect the used lubricating oil. .
  • the object of the invention is therefore to reduce the length of banded end of the strip during the operation of a reversible rolling mill with two stands.
  • the subject of the invention is a rolling mill of the type comprising a reversible rolling mill with two stands, adjacent in a rolling direction, each cage comprising two holding posts for the rolls, each post resting on a support structure by the intermediate of a bearing surface and being fixed on the support structure by means of at least one rod integral with the support structure and cooperating with the upright by means of a removable fastening means.
  • the support surface of each upright is provided on the lower face of the upright, without extending beyond the lateral faces of the uprights oriented in the rolling direction and comprises at least one hole opening into a hollow recess provided in the upright and having an opening opening on a side face of the upright.
  • the rod secured to the support structure extends to through the hole and protrudes into the housing, and the removable fastening means is disposed within the housing.
  • the figure 1 schematically shows a reversible rolling mill 1 with two cages for rolling a metal strip M running in a horizontal plane in a rolling direction A.
  • the band M is driven to scroll alternately in a positive direction (from left to right on the figure 1 ) and in a negative sense (from right to left on the figure 1 ).
  • the rolling installation 1 comprises, placed successively along the rolling direction A, a first cage 2 and a second cage 4.
  • the first and second cages 2 and 4 are of the sexto type.
  • Each cage 2, 4 is equipped with a pair of working rolls 6 and 7, a pair of intermediate rolls 8 and 9 and a pair of support rolls 10 and 11.
  • the axes of the various rolls of a cage lie in the same vertical plane P symmetry of the cage.
  • the rolling plant 1 also comprises, upstream of the first and second stands 2 and 4, a tape unwinder 12, a first winder / unwinder device 14, a clamping device 16.
  • the rolling plant 1 comprises, downstream of first and second cages 2 and 4, a baffle roll 18 and a second winder / unwinder device 20.
  • the first and second winder / unwinder devices 14 and 20 are respectively provided with mandrels for applying traction on the band M during its rolling so as to increase the rate of reduction of the thickness of the strip M.
  • the rolling installation 1 comprises other elements, not shown but known to those skilled in the art, such as a device for preparing the head of the band M, thickness measuring means, etc.
  • the figures 2 and 3 further detail the rolling mill 1 according to the invention, wherein the amounts of cages are adapted to allow to minimize the inter-axis distance between the two stands, distance separating the symmetry planes P of the first and second cages 2 and 4.
  • the first cage 2 comprises two lateral uprights 22 disposed on either side of the rolling axis A in a transverse direction Y.
  • the two lateral uprights 22 of the cage 2 are associated with one another by means of upper rails 24.
  • An upright 22 has an outer shape inscribed in a rectangular parallelepiped. It comprises a rear face 26, perpendicular to the rolling direction A and oriented towards the second cage 4; a front face 27, perpendicular to the rolling direction A and facing away from the rear face 26; a lower face 28, perpendicular to the vertical direction Z and pointing downwards; and an outer side face 30, perpendicular to the transverse direction Y and facing outwardly of the cage.
  • the upright 22 rests on a support structure 25, preferably made of concrete, through its lower face 28 constituting a flat bearing surface.
  • the post 22 is provided with a window 32, oblong, in the vertical direction Z.
  • the post 22 therefore has an annular shape.
  • the window 32 is intended to receive the means for holding the chocks of the rolls 6 to 11.
  • the second cage 4 comprises a pair of uprights 42 arranged on either side of the rolling direction A and interconnected by upper rails 44.
  • An upright 42 has a front face 46, perpendicular to the rolling direction A and facing the first cage 2, a rear face 47, perpendicular to the rolling direction A and facing away from the front face 46; a lower face 48, perpendicular to the vertical direction Z and pointing downwards, constituting a bearing surface of the second upright 42 on the support structure 25; and comprises an outer lateral face 50 perpendicular to the transverse direction Y and facing outwardly of the second cage 4.
  • An upright 42 is of annular shape, and internally defines a window 52 for means for holding the chocks of the rolls 6 to 11.
  • the rear face 26 of the first cage 2 and the front face 46 of the second cage 4 are arranged opposite one another.
  • the distance separating the front 26 and rear 46 faces is the inter-cage distance D.
  • the inter-cage distance D is minimized by bringing the first and second cages 2 and 4 closer to each other in the rolling direction A.
  • the rear faces 26 and before 46 do not include any protrusion, in the rolling direction A, forming a protuberance towards the other cage.
  • the rear faces 26 and front 46 are flat.
  • an upright 22, 42 comprises hollow housings intended to receive means for fixing the upright on the support structure 25.
  • the upright 22 comprises, in its lower part, a hollow recess forming a recess 62. This emerges on the rear face 26 of the upright 22 and on the outer lateral face 30 of the upright 22.
  • the upright 22 also comprises a through-bore 64, of vertical axis and opening, on the one hand, on the lower face 28 of the upright 22 and, on the other hand, on a lower surface 66 of the cell 62.
  • the through bore 64 allows the passage of a rod 80 of a stud, one end of which is anchored in the support structure 25 and whose other end, filtée et libre, projects out of the through bore 64, inside the cell 62, above the lower surface 66 thereof.
  • a nut 82 is screwed onto the rod 80 and comes, by clamping, against the lower surface 66 of the cell 62 to fix the upright 22 on the support structure 25.
  • the cell 62 forms a receiving housing of the nut 82.
  • the upright 22 also includes a second cell 63 along the edge between its front face 27 and its outer lateral face 30.
  • a through bore 65 opens into the cell 63 and allows the passage of a stud 80.
  • a nut 82 housed in the cell 63, is screwed onto the threaded end of the rod of the stud 80 and allows, by clamping, the attachment of the upright 22 on the support structure 25 at a second point of attachment.
  • an upright 42 of the second cage 4 comprises a first recess 72 opening on the front face 46 and on the outer lateral face 50 of the upright 42, and a second recess 73 opening on the rear face 47 and on the outer lateral face 50 of the upright 42.
  • Through bores 74 and 75 are formed between the lower face 48 and the first and second cells 72 and 75 for the passage of studs 80.
  • Nuts 82 are screwed onto the threaded ends of the rods 80 to fix the amount 42 on the support structure 25.
  • the means for fixing an amount on the support structure remain included in the size of the amount according to the rolling direction A.
  • the figure 5 illustrates a second embodiment of the hollow housing.
  • the hollow housing of the lower part of an upright 122 is formed so as to form a horizontal groove 162 on the outer lateral face 130 of the upright 122.
  • the groove 162 extends from the front face 127 to the rear face 126 of the upright 122.
  • a lower surface 166 of the groove 162 has three through bores 163, 164 and 165 which open on the lower surface 128 of the upright 122. They allow the passage of rods whose one end is anchored in the support structure 25 and whose the other end, threaded, opens into the groove 162. Nuts screwed onto the threaded ends of the rods are received in the groove 162. They allow, by clamping on the underside 166 of the groove 162, to fix the amount 122 on the support structure 25 at different attachment points.
  • the safety standards of the machines and in particular to the standard EN 547 which proposes to provide a minimum space of 700 mm between two machines to allow access to knees while retaining the ability to make body movements.
  • the first and second cages 2 and 4 of the sexto type have a rolling capacity of the order of 2,400 tons each.
  • the bearing cylinders 10 and 11 have a diameter of 1250 mm, the intermediate cylinders 8 and 9, a diameter of 550 mm, and the working rolls 6 and 7, a diameter of 450 mm.
  • Each cage 2, 4 typically has uprights 22, 24 whose height is 9000 mm and the width 4000 mm.
  • the inter-cage distance D is reduced to 700 mm.
  • the inter-axis distance is reduced by 1300 mm and the inter-cage length of the M band is 4700 mm.
  • the annual gain realized by implementing the present invention can reach 1,000 tons of tape.
  • the drive means of the work rolls, intermediate or support, depending on the type of installation have a small footprint in the rolling direction A.
  • the drive means of the rolling mill comprise two gear units 200 arranged one after the other, parallel to the rolling direction A, on the drive side of the first and second stands 2 and 4.
  • the gearbox 200 comprises: an input shaft 212, coupled to a drive motor 214, and two output shafts 216 and 218, respectively coupled to each of the cylinders to be driven.
  • a pair of extensions 220 couples the output shafts 116 and 118 and the cylinders to be driven.
  • the gearbox 200 also comprises, between the input shaft 212 and the output shafts 216 and 218, at least one intermediate shaft 222 carrying a set of wheels meshing with wheels carried either by the output shafts 216 and 218, or by the input shaft 212.
  • the axes of the output shafts 216 and 218 and intermediate 222 are arranged horizontally one above the other in a vertical plane, while the axis of the input shaft 212 is arranged laterally. relative to the axis of the intermediate shaft 222.
  • the gearbox 200 has an "L" arrangement.
  • a second embodiment of the gearbox equipping the installation according to the invention is shown schematically on the figure 7 .
  • all the axes of the shafts of the reducer 210 are arranged horizontally one above the other, in a vertical plane.
  • the reducer 210 is vertical and has a reduced bulk in the rolling direction A.
  • the cylinder change system comprises a single carriage 300 as shown in FIGS. figures 2 and 3 .
  • the carriage 300 is equipped with wheels 302 and able to be moved along rails 304, arranged in the transverse direction Y.
  • the carriage 300 is moved by actuating displacement means 306 between a waiting position away from the first ones. and second cages 2 and 4, and a service position near the first and second cages 2 and 4.
  • the figure 3 represents the carriage 300 in its waiting position away from the first and second cages 2 and 4.
  • the carriage 300 comprises a movable plate 310 provided with a row of four racks 312a-d arranged side by side in the rolling direction A.
  • the racks 312a and 312b serve the first cage 2 and the racks 312c serve the second cage 4.
  • Each rack 312a-d is capable of carrying a crew of cylinders comprising working cylinders 6 and 7 and bearing cylinders 8 and 9.
  • the two racks 312a and 312c carry a crew of new cylinders, equipped with their chocks, while the other two racks 312b and 312d are empty, waiting for the loading of the used cylinders extracted from each of the first and second cages 2 and 4.
  • the movable plate 310 is displaceable by translation in the rolling direction A, along rails 316 provided on the carriage 300.
  • the movable plate 310 is moved relative to the carriage 300 by actuating means, for example rack (not shown) equipping the cart 300.
  • First and second pusher / tractor devices 322 and 324 are able to extract by pulling the used cylinders out of the first and second cage 2 and 4 to arrange them in the racks 312b and 312d.
  • the vertical symmetry planes of the racks 312a and 312c coincide with the symmetry planes respectively of the first and second cages 2 and 4.
  • the first and second pusher / tractor devices 322 and 324 can then be actuated in thrust to introduce new cylinders, waiting in the racks 312a and 312c, in each of the first and second cages 2 and 4.
  • the carriage 300 is moved to its standby position away from the mill.
  • the first and second pusher / tractor devices 322 and 324 are simultaneously actuated in tension to extract the used and thrust cylinders to introduce the new cylinders. A quick change of cylinders is thus ensured.
  • an asynchronous cylinder changing process is possible for which the pusher / tractor devices 322 and 324 are operated separately to allow the change of the cylinders of one of the mill stands.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Walzanlage des Typs, welcher ein Reversierwalzwerk mit zwei Gerüsten (2, 4) aufweist, die in einer Walzrichtung (A) benachbart sind, wobei jedes Gerüst zwei Ständer (22, 24) zum Halten der Walzen (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11) umfasst, wobei jeder Ständer über eine Stützfläche auf einer Tragstruktur (25) ruht und an der Tragstruktur über mindestens eine Stange (80) befestigt ist, die mit der Tragstruktur fest verbunden ist und mit dem Ständer über ein lösbares Befestigungsmittel (82) zusammenwirkt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stützfläche jedes Ständers an der Unterseite (28, 48) des Ständers vorgesehen ist, ohne sich über die Seitenflächen (26, 46) der Ständer hinaus zu erstrecken, die in der Walzrichtung ausgerichtet sind, und mindestens ein Loch (64, 74) aufweist, das in eine hohle Aufnahme (62, 72) mündet, die in dem Ständer vorgesehen ist und eine an einer Seitenfläche (26, 46) des Ständers mündende Öffnung aufweist, dadurch, dass die mit der Tragstruktur (25) fest verbundene Stange (80) sich durch das Loch hindurch erstreckt und in die Aufnahme hineinragt, und dadurch, dass das lösbare Befestigungsmittel (82) im Inneren der Aufnahme angeordnet ist.
  2. Anlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die hohle Aufnahme eine Zelle ist, wobei diese Zelle eine Öffnung aufweist, die an einer Seitenfläche des Ständers mündet, die zu einer quer zur Walzrichtung (A) verlaufenden Richtung senkrecht ist und der Außenseite des Gerüsts zugewandt ist.
  3. Anlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die hohle Aufnahme eine Nut ist, wobei diese Nut eine Öffnung aufweist, die an einer Seitenfläche des Ständers mündet, die zu einer quer zur Walzrichtung (A) verlaufenden Richtung senkrecht ist und der Außenseite des Gerüsts zugewandt ist.
  4. Anlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das lösbare Befestigungsmittel eine Mutter (82) ist, dadurch, dass die Stange ein Bolzen (80) ist, und dadurch, dass die Tragstruktur ein Betonblock (25) ist, wobei der Bolzen in dem Betonblock verankert ist und in das Durchgangsloch (64, 74) des Ständers (22, 24) des Gerüsts (2, 4) eingesteckt ist und die Mutter auf den Bolzen aufgeschraubt ist.
  5. Anlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie außerdem Mittel zum Antrieb der Walzen umfasst, die ein Untersetzungsgetriebe (200, 210) umfassen, das eine Eingangswelle (212), die dazu bestimmt ist, mit einem Motor (214) gekoppelt zu werden, eine erste und eine zweite Ausgangswelle (216, 218), die dazu bestimmt sind, mit anzutreibenden Walzen gekoppelt zu werden, und mindestens eine Zwischenwelle (222), welche die Eingangswelle mit der ersten und der zweiten Ausgangswelle koppelt, aufweist, und dadurch, dass mindestens die Achsen der Ausgangswellen und der Zwischenwelle in einer vertikalen Richtung übereinander angeordnet sind, sodass sie in der Walzrichtung (A) einen geringen Platzbedarf aufweisen.
  6. Anlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie außerdem Mittel zum Wechseln der Walzen aufweist, die einen Wagen (300) aufweisen, welcher dem ersten und dem zweiten Gerüst (2, 4) gemeinsam ist und geeignet ist, in einer zu der Walzrichtung (A) senkrechten Richtung zwischen einer Betriebsposition in der Nähe des ersten und des zweiten Gerüsts (2, 4) und einer Warteposition, die von dem ersten und dem zweiten Gerüst (2, 4) beabstandet ist, verfahren zu werden, wobei der Wagen mindestens zwei Gestelle (312a-d) aufweist, die geeignet sind, einen Satz Walzen zu tragen, und in der Walzrichtung nebeneinander angeordnet sind, und Mittel zum Einführen/Ausführen der Walzen (322, 324), die es ermöglichen, verschlissene Walzen aus einem Gerüst auf ein leeres Gestell auszuführen und neue Walzen von einem Gestell ins Innere eines Gerüsts einzuführen.
  7. Anlage nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wagen eine bewegliche Platte (310) aufweist, die geeignet ist, parallel zur Walzrichtung A verschoben zu werden, und dadurch, dass die mindestens zwei Gestelle (312a-d) auf der beweglichen Platte angeordnet sind.
  8. Walzanlage nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wagen vier Gestelle (312a-d) aufweist, und dadurch, dass die bewegliche Platte (310) geeignet ist, zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Position verschoben zu werden, derart, dass in der ersten Position der beweglichen Platte die Gestelle eines ersten Paares von Gestellen (312b, 312d) in der vertikalen Ebene der Walzen des ersten Gerüsts (2) bzw. des zweiten Gerüsts (4) angeordnet sind, und in der zweiten Position der beweglichen Platte die Gestelle eines zweiten Paares von Gestellen (312a, 312c) in der vertikalen Ebene der Walzen des ersten Gerüsts (2) bzw. des zweiten Gerüsts (4) angeordnet sind, wobei der Wagen (300) erste Mittel zum Einführen/Ausführen (322) zum Bedienen des ersten Gerüsts und zweite Mittel zum Einführen/Ausführen (324) zum Bedienen des zweiten Gerüsts aufweist, wobei das Einführen in das/Ausführen aus dem ersten und zweiten Gerüst gleichzeitig oder getrennt erfolgen kann.
  9. Anlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie geeignet ist, Bänder mit einer Eingangsdicke von bis zu 10 mm und einer Breite von bis zu 1.600 mm zu walzen, und dadurch, dass der Abstand (D) zwischen der Seitenfläche (26, 46) eines Ständers des ersten Gerüsts (2), die zu der Walzrichtung (A) senkrecht ist und dem zweiten Gerüst zugewandt ist, und der Seitenfläche (26, 46) eines Ständers des zweiten Gerüsts (4), die zu der Walzrichtung (A) senkrecht ist und dem ersten Gerüst zugewandt ist, kleiner als 1.500 mm ist.
  10. Anlage nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abstand (D) zwischen der Seitenfläche (26, 46) eines Ständers des ersten Gerüsts (2), die zu der Walzrichtung (A) senkrecht ist und dem zweiten Gerüst zugewandt ist, und der Seitenfläche (26, 46) eines Ständers des zweiten Gerüsts (4), die zu der Walzrichtung (A) senkrecht ist und dem ersten Gerüst zugewandt ist, größer als der Zwischenraum ist, der unbedingt erforderlich ist, damit ein Bediener sich zwecks Durchführung eines außerordentlichen Eingriffs hindurchbewegen kann, wobei dieser Zwischenraum mindestens 700 mm beträgt.
EP08787941.7A 2008-04-11 2008-04-11 Anlage zum reversierwalzen von stahlbändern Not-in-force EP2259881B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/FR2008/000506 WO2009125074A1 (fr) 2008-04-11 2008-04-11 Installation de laminage reversible de bandes d'acier

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2259881A1 EP2259881A1 (de) 2010-12-15
EP2259881B1 true EP2259881B1 (de) 2013-05-29

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US (1) US20110061435A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2259881B1 (de)
CN (1) CN101990472B (de)
WO (1) WO2009125074A1 (de)

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CN106583444B (zh) * 2017-01-22 2018-11-09 北京科技大学 一种复合式多功能实验轧机机组及其可逆轧机
CN107159711B (zh) * 2017-07-26 2019-01-04 宝钢股份黄石涂镀板有限公司 一种内部分区的可逆轧机

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CN101990472B (zh) 2013-01-30
US20110061435A1 (en) 2011-03-17
WO2009125074A1 (fr) 2009-10-15
CN101990472A (zh) 2011-03-23
EP2259881A1 (de) 2010-12-15

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