EP2249980B1 - Device for explosive forming - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for explosive forming of workpieces, comprising an ignition chamber and an ignition mechanism, wherein an explosive agent can be ignited at an ignition location in the ignition chamber using the ignition mechanism, and an ignition chamber outlet is provided, to be improved such that the ignition mechanism has a longer service life. The aim is achieved by a device wherein an impact breaker is provided in the propagation path (37) of the detonation wave.

Description

The invention relates to a device for explosive forming, with the features of the preamble of claim 1, (see, for example EP-A-0 830 907 ).

Such a device is in the WO 2006/128519 described. An ignition tube connects an explosion chamber in the workpiece interior with a gas supply, venting and ignition device, wherein the ignition device is integrated into the ignition tube. By means of the ignition device arranged in the ignition tube, the gas, oxyhydrogen gas in a stoichiometric mixture with low oxygen excess, is ignited. The explosion of the gas develops into a detonation wave, which transforms the workpiece and then expires.

In practice, it has been found in generic devices that the ignition device or the ignition mechanism is damaged by the explosion forming.

The invention is therefore based on the object to improve a device of the type mentioned in that the detonation wave can develop well, the explosion process can run more orderly and that the ignition mechanism has a longer life.

This object is achieved by a device having the features of claim 1.

The provided on the propagation path of the detonation wave shock breaker reduces the energy of the detonation wave whereby the device can be protected against high mechanical loads and thus also against permanent damage. Amazingly, the strong mitigation of the reflected shock wave already causes an extension of the life of the ignition mechanism.

In a variant of the invention, the impact crusher can be arranged between the ignition location and the ignition space exit. Thus, the detonation wave, which returns through the Zündraumausgang can be mitigated in their energy. Despite the shock breaker For example, the explosion propagating from the ignition location can develop sufficiently to reshape the workpiece as it passes through the mold.

In a favorable embodiment of the invention, the impact crusher can be arranged closer to the ignition location than the ignition chamber outlet. This has the advantage that the developing detonation wave, after passing through the impact crusher, remains an appropriate distance through the ignition space in order to unfold, but the reflected detonation wave is attenuated in its energy when the impact crusher is reached.

Advantageously, the impact crusher can be arranged directly at the ignition location. Thus, the ignition device is still effectively protected against the reflected detonation wave. Nevertheless, the explosion can still be triggered there and develop from there.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the impact crusher can be arranged on the side facing away from the ignition of the mold. The detonation wave is attenuated after passing through the mold by the impact crusher in its energy. Thus, the explosion energy may be well-developed in the detonation wave until the detonation wave reaches the mold.

In a special way, the impact crusher can be arranged directly on the mold on the side facing away from the ignition. The detonation wave passing through the mold can thus be dampened in its energy immediately after passing through the mold.

Conveniently, the impact crusher may be located closer to the end of the device opposite the ignition location. The reaction from the detonation wave striking the impact crusher to the mold could thus be reduced.

It can also be imagined that the impact crusher forms the end of the device opposite the ignition location. Thus, the impact crusher could act as a scattering element, which strikes the detonation wave.

It is proposed that the impact crusher can be arranged within a support tube which can be attached to the mold on the side remote from the ignition location of the molding tool. The support tube could be made of a different material than the impact crusher and simplify the construction of the impact crusher as an insert. Conveniently, the impact crusher in unit with the support tube may be designed as an end piece. This tail could connect directly to the mold and complete the device on the opposite side of the ignition space. A longer discharge path for the detonation wave could be omitted in this way.

It may also be advantageous if the impact crusher has and / or generates a curved and / or reduced passage with respect to the ignition space cross section or the support tube cross section. These transmission modes can consume a significant amount of energy for the reflected detonation wave.

In a special way, at least one impact crusher element can be provided, which is at least partially spaced from and forming a passage with the Zündrauminnenwandung or Stützrohrinnenwandung. By using the impact crusher element to form a passage between it and the Zündrauminnenwandung or the support tube inner wall, the impact crusher element can be simple and thus stably constructed.

In an advantageous embodiment, a plurality of passages forming between the impact crusher elements may be provided. By using a plurality of such impact breaker elements, the effect of the reflected detonation wave on the Zündrauminnenwänden or the support tube inner walls can be reduced and distributed over several elements. Furthermore, their energy can thus be gradually reduced, which in turn reduces the stress on the individual impact crusher elements.

In a favorable embodiment, the flow resistance through the impact crusher may be smaller in the direction of flow away from the ignition location than towards the ignition location. As a result, the reflected detonation wave is reduced in energy to a much greater extent than the original explosion triggered by the ignition mechanism, and yet the ignition mechanism is protected when the impact crusher is located between the ignition location and the forming tool.

Furthermore, the flow resistance through the impact crusher in the flow direction from the ignition location can be greater than towards the ignition location, and the impact crusher can be mounted on the side of the molding tool facing away from the ignition location. As a result, the shock wave energy can be withdrawn to a considerable extent even before it is reflected at the end of the device.

In a special way, the impact crusher can have at least one Drossefrückschlag element. This allows the propagating explosion to pass through the shock absorber while the reflected detonation wave is decelerated by the recoil element prior to the ignition mechanism.

In a particular embodiment, the impact crusher may comprise at least one disposable element. This allows the explosion to pass through the shock-breaker while intercepting the reflected detonation wave from the disposable element prior to reaching the ignition mechanism.

Advantageously, the impact crusher can have a larger surface area than the ignition space inner surface or supporting surface which is adjacent to the impact crusher. This can lead to increased friction with respect to the length of the impact crusher and thus to an improved reduction in the energy of the reflected detonation wave.

In a particularly favorable embodiment, the ignition space cross section and / or the support tube cross section in the region of the impact crusher can be increased. This creates an increased space especially for complex impact crushers.

Conveniently, the impact crusher may have at least one branch off-going from a main passage. At the point of the branching, the detonation wave can be split, whereby likewise the energy of the detonation wave is divided and can be reflected and absorbed several times in the area of the branching.

Conveniently, the at least one branch may be at least partially branched. This creates a multiplicity of branch points at which the detonation wave can be split up.

It is proposed that the at least one branch can be closed at its end, whereby the detonation wave can remain inside the impact crusher.

According to a variant of the invention, at least one of the branches can form a filling channel for fluid. Thus, for example, the liquid used in a variant of explosion forming could be introduced into the device via the impact crusher. Furthermore, the explosive could be introduced into the interior of the device via the filling channel.

Conceivably, the propagation space in the device may be connected via the branch with a propagation volume. The detonation wave could thus be at least partially conducted over the impact crusher in a propagation volume to decay.

Possibly, a filling device for fluid may be arranged on the side of the molding tool facing away from the ignition location. As a result, the structure of the device on the Zündortseite could be simpler and equipped with fewer connections.

It may be advantageous if the impact crusher has a labyrinth structure. Due to the large surface area, the long labyrinth path and the multiple diversion of the reflected detonation wave, an effective deceleration of the same can be achieved.

In a special way, the impact crusher can have at least one labyrinth element and / or a plurality of impact crusher elements forming a labyrinth structure. Depending on the situation, it may be better to form the labyrinth from one or more labyrinth elements or from several elements that together form a labyrinth structure. The first is recommended z. B. in a small space, while the second option may be easier and cheaper to manufacture.

In a favorable embodiment, the passage may be formed approximately meander-shaped. The meander shape with its diverse and strong deflections can reduce the energy of the reflected detonation front very effectively.

Advantageously, the impact crusher may comprise at least one disc-like impact crusher element with at least one passage through the disc. The disc can provide a large baffle in the form of its face with low manufacturing cost.

It may be advantageous if the impact crusher element is designed as a cylindrical disk. As a result, it can be stably formed while providing a long passage for reducing the energy of the reflected detonation front.

In a special way, several impact crusher elements can be provided with phase-shifted successive passages. As a result, the detonation wave is deflected several times, which reduces their energy in a special way.

In an advantageous embodiment, the impact crusher element can have a branched passage system. Straight branching points can significantly reduce the energy of the reflected detonation wave.

In a favorable embodiment, the impact crusher element may be formed sponge, braid and / or ball-like. These embodiments can effectively mitigate the detonation wave and have sufficient life.

Advantageously, at least one impact breaker element may be formed as a deflection wall. With deflection walls, the detonation wave can be easily steered and controlled.

It may be advantageous if the deflection wall is polygonal in its course. In this way, an additional attenuation of the energy of the reflected detonation wave is achieved.

In a special way, several bulk-like superimposed shock-breaker elements can be provided. The bulk-like arrangement causes a good weakening of the reflected wave detonation, and on the amount and type of impact breaker elements, the desired impact breaker effect can be easily selected.

In an advantageous embodiment, a plurality of spaced-apart butt-breaker elements can be arranged offset one behind the other in the flow direction and transversely to the flow direction. As a result, the shape of the detonation front and its subsequent shaft can be addressed in a special way, and thus effectively braked.

In a favorable embodiment, at least two shock-breaker elements arranged one behind the other can be arranged overlapping one another. The resulting labyrinthine structure with narrowed passages can decelerate the reflected detonation wave particularly well.

In a special way, several impact breaker elements can be held by a shock breaker carrier. This allows easy installation and maintenance of the impact crusher elements. In a particular embodiment, the impact crusher may contain steel and / or copper beryllium (CuBe). Because of their toughness and simultaneous hardness, these materials are particularly well suited for use as impact crushers.

Advantageously, the impact crusher can be arranged at least partially exchangeable. As a result, material fatigue or material removal can be prevented in good time by easy maintenance.

In a special way, the explosives can be supplied on the opposite side of the Zündraumausgang the shock absorber. As a result, the explosive supply can also be protected by the impact crusher.

In an alternative favorable embodiment, the explosive supply between impact breaker and Zündraumausgang done. As a result, sufficient ignition means can be supplied to the ignition mechanism for ignition, while the explosion is favored in its deployment and its growth after the impact breaker.

Figur 1

eine schematische Darstellung der Erfindung,

Figur 2a bis j

mehrere schematische Ausführungsformen des Stoßbrechers aus Figur 1 oder Figur 8,

Figur 3a, b

eine detaillierte Ausführungsform des Stoßbrechers aus Figur 1 oder Figur 8,

Figur 4a, b

eine weitere detaillierte Ausführungsform des Stoßbrechers aus Figur 1 oder Figur 8,

Figur 5

eine weitere schematische Ausführungsform des Stoßbrechers aus Figur 1 oder Figur 8,

Figur 6

eine zusätzliche schematische Ausführungsform des Stoßbrechers aus Figur 1 oder Figur 8,

Figur 7

eine schematische Ausführungsform eines Stoßbrecherträgers für einen Stoßbrecher nach den Figuren 1, 2 oder 5,

Figur 8

eine schematische Darstellung einer zusätzlichen Ausführungsform der Erfin- dung

Figur 9

eine schematische Darstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform des Stoßbre- chers aus Figur 1 oder Figur 8,

Figur 10

eine zusätzliche schematische Darstellung einer Ausführungsform des Stoß- brechers aus den Figuren 1 oder 8, und

Figur 11

eine schematische Darstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform des Stoßbre- chers, sowie einer schematischen Darstellung des Ausbreitungsraumes oder einer Befüllvorrichtung,

Figur 12

eine schematische Darstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform des Stoßbre- chers, am Ende der Vorrichtung aus Figur 1 oder Figur 8 angeordnet.

In the following, several embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the drawing. Show it:

FIG. 1

a schematic representation of the invention,

FIGS. 2a to j

several schematic embodiments of the impact crusher FIG. 1 or FIG. 8 .

FIG. 3a, b

a detailed embodiment of the impact crusher FIG. 1 or FIG. 8 .

FIG. 4a, b

another detailed embodiment of the impact crusher FIG. 1 or FIG. 8 .

FIG. 5

another schematic embodiment of the impact crusher FIG. 1 or FIG. 8 .

FIG. 6

an additional schematic embodiment of the impact crusher FIG. 1 or FIG. 8 .

FIG. 7

a schematic embodiment of a shock breaker carrier for a shock breaker according to the FIGS. 1, 2 or 5 .

FIG. 8

a schematic representation of an additional embodiment of the invention

FIG. 9

a schematic representation of another embodiment of the Stoßbre- chers from FIG. 1 or FIG. 8 .

FIG. 10

an additional schematic representation of an embodiment of the impact crusher from the FIGS. 1 or 8th , and

FIG. 11

FIG. 2 a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the impact breaker, as well as a schematic representation of the propagation space or a filling device, FIG.

FIG. 12

a schematic representation of another embodiment of the Stoßbre- chers, at the end of the device FIG. 1 or FIG. 8 arranged.

FIG. 1 shows an ignition device 1 for the explosive forming of an inserted into a mold 2 workpiece 3. Here, the workpiece 3 is indicated in dotted line in its outline, and the mold 2 shown broken off with the upper and lower halves. The ignition device 1 has an ignition mechanism 4 and an ignition chamber 5, which directly adjoins the ignition mechanism 4 in this embodiment in the form of an ignition tube. The ignition mechanism 4 has a Zündort 6, symbolically represented here by a spark, on which an explosive is ignited. The explosive reaches via at least one of the Explosionsmittelzufuhren 7 after passing a valve 22 in the ignition mechanism 4. The ignited in the ignition 6 explosive propagates with an explosion front in the ignition chamber 5 and the explosion front leaves this via the Zündraumausgang 8, which adjoins the mold 2 and the workpiece 3 located therein is connected. The figure can also be understood that via one of the valves 22, the device with fluid, such as water is filled.

Between the ignition point 6 and the ignition space outlet 8, a shock breaker 9 is provided, which is located here in the ignition space 5. In this case, the system boundaries of the impact crusher 9 are shown in dashed line, and a double-serrated element 10 symbolically denotes at least one impact crusher element 10, wherein it is indicated that the flow resistance in the direction of the forming tool 2 is smaller from the direction of the mold 2. In this embodiment, the impact crusher 9 is disposed closer to the ignition point 6 than at the Zündraumausgang 8 and has outer walls 11, which pass into those of the ignition space 5. The explosive can be supplied via explosives 7 directly to the ignition mechanism 4 and thus the ignition point 6 and / or on the opposite side of the shock absorber 9 the ignition chamber 5. The flow direction 36 is marked with an arrow, which simultaneously describes the propagation path 37 of the detonation wave. A reflected detonation wave propagates substantially along the propagation path 37 but opposite to the flow direction 36 in the device.

In FIG. 2a the outer walls 11 of the impact crusher 9 are enlarged in the region of the impact crusher 9 and adapted to an octagonal outer contour of a shock crusher element 10. The octagonal-prismatic impact breaker element 10 and the outer walls 11 define therebetween an arcuate as well as reduced passageway 12 through which both the original and the reflected detonation wave must pass. In particular, the end faces 13 of the impact crusher element 10 reduce the energy of the shaft.

In FIG. 2b form two hexagonal-prismatic, abutting the outer walls 11, impact breaker elements 10 a curved and reduced, labyrinth-like passage 12 for the detonation wave from. As a breakwater act here the edges of the flow direction behind the other and overlapping each other arranged Stoßbrecherelemente 10th

In Figure 2c are three in the flow direction behind the other and arranged transversely offset thrust elements 10 used. The cube-shaped impact crusher elements 10 are oriented with their edges in the flow direction 36. In a second plane parallel to the plane of three cubic shock-breaker elements 10 are shown in dashed lines, offset from those described above. This creates a labyrinth-like structure with angled, reduced passages 12.

In Figure 2d are arranged transversely to the direction of flow walls as impact breaker elements 10 used to force the detonation wave through a labyrinthine, meander-like passage 12. The impact crusher elements 10 extend adjacent to the outer walls 11 of the impact crusher 9, transversely to the flow direction 36, approximately perpendicular to the Ignition space. The Figure 2d can also be understood that the impact breaker elements 10 are arranged only partially inclined to the flow direction 36 of the detonation wave.

In FIG. 2e two impact crusher elements 10 are arranged without spacing to the outer walls 11 of the impact crusher 9 in the flow direction 36 one behind the other. Their curved, reduced passage 12 and the series connection results in a labyrinth structure of individual labyrinth elements.

In FIG. 2f are, unlike FIG. 2e , a plurality of L-shaped shock breaker elements 10 arranged such that a labyrinth structure for an approximately Z-shaped passage 12 results between them.

In Figure 2g is a single-curved passage 12 shown as a shock absorber 9, the outer walls 11 connect to the ignition space 5.

FIG. 2h shows a coil-like impact breaker element 10, which rebounds many times the detonation and deflects labyrinthine in itself. This ball-like impact breaker element 10 is partly on the outer walls 11 of the impact crusher 9, partly it is spaced therefrom.

Basically, the FIGS. 2a to 2h Also be understood that the corresponding shock breaker has surface elements which are arranged inclined to the flow direction 36 of the detonation wave, which form the Stoßbrecherelemente 10, where the detonation wave reflects many times and thereby can be partially absorbed.

FIG. 2i takes care of the symbolism of hydraulics to represent a disposable element 14 as a shock breaker element 10. This is to describe a shock-breaker element 10 which allows the propagating explosion wave to pass while blocking its reflection in the reverse flow direction. This disposable element 14 is not necessarily a valve as known from hydraulics.

FIG. 2j has a throttle check element 15 as a shock breaker element 10. This contains a disposable element 14 as in FIG. 2i and a throttle element, which is equivalent to a curved and / or reduced passage 12. As well as in FIG. 2i Here, only the symbolism of the hydraulics is used, and it is in the throttle check element 15 is not necessarily a valve. To be expressed is a construction that lets the explosion through in its propagation direction and in hinders their direction of reflection. This is with the FIGS. 2i and 2j the flow resistance through the impact crusher 9 in the flow direction from the Zündraumausgang 8 to the ignition 6 each greater than that of the ignition point 6 to the Zündraumausgang. 8

In the FIGS. 3a and b 1, a first detailed embodiment of an impact crusher 9 is shown in which three impact crusher elements 10 together form a labyrinth structure in the form of a multiply curved passage 12.

In FIG. 3a the rotationally symmetrical impact crusher 9 is shown in section, wherein the three impact crusher elements 10 are not cut. These are cylindrical disc-like impact crusher elements 10, each having a bore 16 and a groove 17 as a passage through the disc or past the disc. Because the cylinder-disk-shaped shock-breaker elements 10 are arranged in phase relationship with respect to their bores 16 and grooves 17 in the flow direction, the part of the detonation wave flowing through the impact-breaker elements 10 is redirected several times. The cylindrical disks 10 are arranged at a distance from the outer walls 11 of the impact crusher 9, so that an additional passage 12 is produced at this point. Through a two-part housing structure with a dividing plane 24, the impact breaker 9 or the impact breaker elements 10 can be mounted and maintained in a simple manner via a thread 23. In the area of the impact crusher elements 10, the passage 12 is enlarged, but then tapered again so that the impact crusher elements 10 can not get into the adjacent ignition space 5 or into the support tube 25. In addition, this provides for above-mentioned reduction of the passage 12th

In FIG. 3b the cylindrical disk-shaped impact crusher elements 10 are drawn in perspective. The respective bores 16 and grooves 17 are here phase-shifted by 60 ° to the respective next in the flow direction of the cylindrical disk 10.

In FIG. 4 another shock breaker 9 is shown with cylindrical disc-shaped impact crusher elements 10. FIG. 4a shows a section through the rotationally symmetrical impact crusher 9, wherein the Stoßbrecherelemente 10, four in number, are cut along. To facilitate assembly and maintenance of the shock breaker 9 is again constructed in two parts and connected by a thread 23. In contrast to FIG. 3 are the cylindrically shaped impact crusher elements 10 here symmetrically constructed labyrinth elements. A labyrinth structure results here merely by juxtaposing in the flow direction 36. These impact crusher elements 10 are immovably on the outer wall 11 of the impact crusher 9. Starting from the ignition point 6 is the propagating explosion wave, a passage 12 is available, which tapers conically towards the impact crusher elements 10 and then reduced continues. This reduced passage 12 is maintained after passing through the impact crusher elements 10. The cylindrically shaped impact crusher elements 10 each have two bores 16 transversely to the flow direction 36, which are connected to each other via recesses 17 attached laterally. Longitudinal bores from the side of the end faces 13 end in each case at the bores 16. As a result, the passage 12 is first branched in T-shape, in order then to be brought together again via a second T-shape. The outlet of a bumper element 10 abuts the inlet of the next bumper element 10.

In FIG. 4b are two of the impact breaker elements 10 made FIG. 4a presented in different rotated perspective. Due to the branched passage system, it is irrelevant how the impact breaker elements 10 are arranged one behind the other in the flow direction.

In FIG. 5 the impact breaker 9 consists of an octagonal-prismatic impact breaker element 10, whose end faces 13 are aligned as baffles in the flow direction 36. The impact crusher element 10 is laterally flanked by two deflecting walls 18 which continue the outer contour of the impact crusher element 10 at a parallel distance therefrom. The outer wall 11 of the impact crusher 9 is extended laterally of the impact crusher element 10 and the deflecting walls 18 and also follows, at a parallel distance to the deflecting walls 18, the outer contour of the octagonal-prismatic Stoßbrecherelements 10. Thus, the passage 12 between the impact crusher element 10 and outer walls 11 each divided and diverted.

In FIG. 6 the passage 12 widens vascularly through the impact crusher 9, so that in the expansion of several shock-absorbing elements superimposed on each other like bulk material 10 find space. Depending on the configuration, it may be favorable to keep the impact crusher elements 10 away from the ignition location 6 and / or ignition space 5 by a catcher 19. This applies in particular to impact breaker elements 10, which are smaller than the corresponding passage 12 and a securing in the direction of gravity and the rebounding detonation wave. Ideally, the catcher 19 is formed like a net, but it may also have blocking struts, which narrow the passage 12 such that no impact breaker element 10 passes through. The catcher 19 thus acts flow permeable and bulk solids blocking. In particular, this impact crusher 9 has a substantially larger surface area than the ignition space inner surface adjacent to the impact crusher 9. The dashed line 20 indicates a way to disconnect the assembly and maintenance of the two impact breaker half shells.

In FIG. 7 an arrangement is shown on the gap of several, here diamond-shaped prismatic, impact breaker elements 10 on a shock breaker carrier 21. As a result, the impact breaker elements 10 can be easily replaced. Likewise, it is possible to incorporate a plurality of impact crusher elements 10 into the impact crusher 9 in a space-saving manner via a plurality of shock-breaker carriers 21 arranged behind one another or one above the other.

Due to the forces acting upon deceleration of the detonation wave, the impact breaker 9 or the impact breaker elements 10 contains steel and / or copper beryllium (CuBe).

FIG. 8 shows a schematic view of a device 29 according to the invention, in which the impact crusher 9 is arranged on the side facing away from the ignition point 6 of the mold 2. In this case, the impact crusher 9 can be arranged directly adjacent to the molding tool 2, at a distance thereto or at the end of the support pipe 25. Furthermore, two valves 22 are provided, one being located at the ignition location 6 and the other at the support tube 25. The valves 22 can on the one hand serve for the supply of explosive 7, but also as a filling device for fluids, such as water.

The impact crusher 9 could also be arranged on the side of the molding tool 2 facing the ignition location 6, or a plurality of impact crushers 9 could be provided on the propagation path of the detonation shaft. Furthermore, the orientation of the symbol for the impact breaker elements 10 is opposite to the representation in FIG FIG. 1 rotated by 180 degrees, to indicate that in this embodiment, the flow resistance of the impact crusher 9 in the flow direction 36 is greater than to the Zündort 6 out. In this case, the detonation wave can be attenuated after passing through the mold 2 already at the end of the device 29 in their energy. But the shock breaker 9 could also be arranged in the same way as in FIG. 1 so that the detonation wave is first attenuated when passing through less or not at all, to be broken by the impact breaker 9 after the reflection at the end 38 of the device 29.

FIG. 9 shows a further embodiment of an impact crusher 9, which has a main passage 30 and a branch 26 has. The branch has sidewalls 33, which are inclined to the main passage. The inclination of the side walls 33 is conceivable at any angle to the main passage 30. Only one branch 26 is shown, although a plurality of such branches may be formed at a plurality of angles to the main passage 30. At its end, the branch 26 is closed. It can thereby be achieved that the detonation wave remains within the impact crusher 9 and can not act on the support tube 25 possibly surrounding the impact crusher 9 or the ignition chamber 5. It can thus be achieved that at least the support tube 25 or the ignition space 5 in the region of the impact crusher can be made of a different material than the impact crusher, which preferably consists of resistant material, as mentioned above. The impact crusher 9 may be circular in cross-section, which facilitates assembly within a pipe or tubular member. However, it is also conceivable any deviating cross-section, for example, polygonal shapes.

FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of the impact crusher 9, which is formed as a single impact breaker element 10 and is disposed within a support tube 25. The impact crusher element 10 has a lateral branch 26, which is open at its end and forms a filling channel 35 with an omission 34 in the support tube 25, by means of which fluid, for example water, can be filled into the propagation space of the device 29 or else the explosive agent supply 7 can be trained. The propagation space extends inside the device from the ignition point 6 to the end 38 of the device. In this embodiment, the impact crusher 9 has a round cross-sectional shape, which, however, could also be formed in some other way square.

FIG. 11 shows another embodiment of an impact crusher 9, which is formed as a single impact crusher member 10, wherein the impact crusher member 10 has a plurality of side branches, which are partially branched and branched, and an exemplary branch, which is connected via a channel 35 with a propagation space 27 , The detonation wave can here partly leave the impact crusher, as well as the support tube 25, to be weakened in the propagation space 27 in their energy. The propagation space 27 may be filled with gas, liquid or solids.

The main passage 30 opens into a reflection surface 32, which is hemispherical in this embodiment. However, the reflection surface 32 may also have another shape such as a dome shape or pyramidal or the like. The reflection surface 32 is formed in this embodiment as a part of a lid 31, which is removably attached to the support tube 25 in this embodiment and is formed together with the support tube 25 and the impact crusher 9 as an end piece.

FIG. 12 shows a further embodiment of an impact crusher 9 according to the invention, which is attached to the end 38 of the device 29 and has a plurality of reflective surfaces 32. In this exemplary embodiment, it is indicated that the reflection surfaces form in such a way that in each case two reflection surfaces 32 oppose each other at an opening angle and thus result in triangular recesses on the impact crusher 9 seen from the side. The figure can also be understood to mean that it is a cross-section and as indicated by the dashed lines within the impact crusher 9, the recesses have a pyramidal shape. At such formed and often occurring at the impact breaker 9 reflecting surfaces 32, the incident from the flow direction 36 detonation wave can be broken several times, so that the energy of the impinging detonation wave is divided on a variety of reflected back at different angles shock waves. The maximum energy which can occur after reflection at the impact crusher 9 in a reflected back shock wave can thus be reduced with respect to the detonation wave.

The impact breaker 9 may be provided in this embodiment, without additional holding devices in a direction indicated by the outer dashed lines support tube at the end 38. A reflection of the detonation wave at the smooth end 38 of the device 29 can be avoided in the present embodiment by using the impact crusher 9. The detonation wave can be scattered directly at the impact crusher 9 by hitting the plurality of reflection surfaces 32.

Claims (26)

1. A device for explosive forming of workpieces (3), comprising an ignition chamber (5) and an ignition mechanism (4), an explosive agent being ignitable by means of the ignition mechanism (4) in the ignition chamber (5) at an ignition point (6), from which a detonation wave may propagate to form the workpiece in a die (2), characterised in that a shock dissipator (9) is provided in the propagation path (37) of the detonation wave, and in that the shock dissipator (9) is arranged on the side of the die (2) remote from the ignition point (6) and/or on the side of the die (2) facing the ignition point (6).
2. A device according to claim 1, characterised in that the shock dissipator (9) is arranged between the ignition point (6) and an ignition chamber outlet (8).
3. A device according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the shock dissipator (9) is arranged closer to the ignition point (6) than to the ignition chamber outlet (8), in particular in that the shock dissipator (9) is arranged directly at the ignition point (6).
4. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the shock dissipator (9) is arranged directly on the die (2), or preferably in that the shock dissipator (9) is located closer to the opposite end (38) of the device (29) from the ignition point (6), in particular in that the shock dissipator (9) forms the opposite end (38) of the device (29) from the ignition point (6).
5. A device according to claim 4, characterised in that the shock dissipator (9) is provided inside a supporting tube (25), in particular in that the shock dissipator (9) is formed as an endpiece (28) in unity with the supporting tube (25).
6. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the shock dissipator (9) comprises and/or produces a passage (12) curved and/or narrowed relative to the ignition chamber cross-section.
7. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one shock dissipator element (10) is provided, which is arranged at least partially spaced from and forming a passage (12) with the ignition chamber internal wall or the supporting tube internal wall, or in that a plurality of shock dissipator elements (10) are provided which form passages (12) between each other, in particular in that a plurality of shock dissipator elements (10) are provided which adjoin one another in the manner of bulk material.
8. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the flow resistance through the shock dissipator (9) is greater or less in the flow direction (36) away from the ignition point (6) than towards the ignition point (6).
9. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the shock dissipator (9) comprises at least one flow restrictor element (15) or at least one one-way element (14).
10. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the shock dissipator (9) has a larger surface area than the ignition chamber inner surface or supporting tube inner surface adjoining the shock dissipator (9).
11. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the shock dissipator (9) includes shock dissipator elements (10) comprising surface elements arranged at least partially at an angle to the direction of flow (36), which shock dissipator elements are in particular at least partially staggered.
12. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the ignition chamber cross-section and/or the supporting tube cross-section is enlarged in the region of the shock dissipator (9).
13. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the shock dissipator (9) has at least one lateral branch (26) extending from a main passageway (30), preferably in that the at least one branch (26) is at least partially ramified, in particular in that the branch (26) is closed at its end.
14. A device according to claim 13, characterised in that at least one branch (26) forms a filling channel (35) for fluid.
15. A device according to claims 13 or 14, characterised in that the propagation chamber is connected inside the device (29) via the branch (26) to a propagation space (27).
16. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a filling channel (35) for fluid is provided on the side of the die (2) remote from the ignition point (6).
17. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the shock dissipator (9) has a labyrinthine structure, preferably in that the shock dissipator (9) comprises at least one labyrinth element and/or a plurality of shock dissipator elements (10) forming a labyrinthine structure, in particular in that the passage (12) for instance adopts a zigzag configuration.
18. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the shock dissipator (9) comprises at least one disc-like shock dissipator element (10) with at least one passage (12) through the disc, in particular in that the shock dissipator element (10) takes the form of a cylindrical disc.
19. A device according to claim 18, characterised in that a plurality of shock dissipator elements (10) are provided with successive phase-shifted passages (12), or in that the shock dissipator element (10) comprises a branched passage system.
20. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the shock dissipator element (10) is sponge-like or intertwined and/or tangled.
21. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one shock dissipator element (10) takes the form of a deflecting wall (18), in particular in that the deflecting wall (18) is polygonal in profile.
22. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a plurality of mutually spaced shock dissipator elements (10) are arranged one behind the other in the direction of flow (36) and staggered relative to one another across the direction of flow (36), in particular in that at least two shock dissipator elements (10) arranged one behind the other are arranged overlapping one another.
23. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a plurality of shock dissipator elements (10) are held by a shock dissipator support (21).
24. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the shock dissipator (9) contains steel and/or copper beryllium (CuBe).
25. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the shock dissipator (9) is at least partially replaceable.
26. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that explosive agent feed (7) takes place on the side of the shock dissipator (9) opposite the ignition chamber outlet (8), or in that explosive agent feed (7) takes place between shock dissipator (9) and ignition chamber outlet (8).

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