EP2228278B1 - Wagon - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a wagon for the transport of motor vehicles, self-propelled machines and trailers, which has a pivotable about a pivoting loading area and a chassis under the loading area.

The current and future demands of the modern consumer and industrial society on transport routes and energy requirements are no longer in conformity with existing obsolete structures and require an urgent revision. An expansion of road networks in order to cope with the increasing transport tasks seems to make little sense in view of steadily declining budget funds and does not make sense in their historical conceptual interpretation. A way out of this situation may result from a shift of long-distance and transit traffic to rail. The traffic route network required for this purpose is available and sufficiently meets the desired speed and capacity requirements. Furthermore, unused freight areas exist on a large scale. Only minor changes in the traffic route have to be made in order to achieve a flexibility designed in the way of road transport. The resulting minimum loading discomfort is compensated for by fuel savings and extended truck and truck service intervals.

The basic idea of relocating vehicles and trailers from road to rail has been known for some time. For example, the document describes DE 44 30 118 A1 a flatbed railroad car of the above mentioned type having a rotatable bridge mounted between a front and rear bogie on a lowered portion of the undercarriage. At the bridge, loading ramps are provided at the front and at the rear, which are folded up during the journey and folded down for loading and unloading, so that a truck can drive onto the bridge or leave it.

Furthermore, in the document DE 91 05 638.1 U1 a railway wagon with swiveling loading area for the transport of cars and trucks reveals. The loading surface rests on a provided on a central axis of the car rotatable disc, on which a motor and possibly a power steering are provided. In addition, are on one Subfloor of the wagon below the loading surface roller bearing applied to support the loading area.

According to the document DE 91 05 638.1 U1 It is proposed that the wagon for loading and unloading enters a slot provided in the station, the depth of which corresponds to the height of the chassis of the wagon. Laterally of the shaft lobes should be provided for a leveling of the cargo area and the access areas next to the bulges should be made of concrete.

Since the undercarriage of a wagon always sits on springs, occurs in both of the aforementioned cars, the problem that, depending on the load of the wagon, results in a different height of the bed. Since in the publication DE 44 30 118 A1 described railroad cars explicitly dispensed with a ramp at the loading location and the dimensions of the shaft, in which the railroad car of the publication DE 91 05 638.1 U1 for loading and unloading einfährt, are fixed, resulting in these arrangements almost always a height difference between the loading area and the access or Auffahrtsfläche on the platform. In addition, these arrangements only work if a truck stands in the loading area so that the center of gravity of the load is just above the pivot point. However, this is almost never the case in practice. Therefore, there is a risk in these arrangements that the wagon mounted on springs tilts during the pivoting operation of the loading area.

The patent filed in 1956 FR 1,141,612 describes a low loader railroad car, which carries as a structure a liftable platform and thereon a rotatable loading area. The liftable platform is lifted out of a mechanical lock by four hydraulic cylinders arranged at their corners. The loading area has an eccentric axis of rotation about which it is rotated by a hydraulic cylinder. Rollers are provided to assist rotation. The loading area is equipped with ramps and parking stands.

The publication EP 0 463 283 A1 describes a railway wagon, which is specially optimized for the transport of semitrailer trailers. The railroad car disclosed in this document has some shortcomings, for which in the document EP 0 622 284 A1 Improvements are described. This wagon consists of two chassis and a loading area, which are firmly connected in railway operation. For loading or unloading, the loading area is lifted by hydraulic cylinders which bear against the rails. The cargo area is separated from the chassis. In this loading condition, the two chassis are interconnected only by two elastic rods. In the supported state, the loading area is unscrewed from the wagon and it are discontinued ramps and support elements on the loading grounds. Due to the multi-component structure of these cars, a relatively lightweight design is achieved. The disadvantage is the high loading and unloading.

The publication WO 093/18951 describes a multi-component railway low-loader wagon, which has two chassis and a self-supporting revolving platform, which forms the low-load area in the train driving operation. To load these wagons special stations are provided, which are equipped with rotatable hydraulic lifting bridges, which can lift the self-supporting revolving platforms of the wagons and rotate on suitable platforms. This railway wagon is characterized by a low weight and low height, since the lifting and turning technology is not carried, but remains in the station. This advantage is offset by the disadvantages that special stations are needed and that for loading and unloading accurate positioning of the wagons on the hydraulic lifting bridges must be realized.

It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a wagon of the above-mentioned type, which allows a time-efficient, yet safe loading and unloading of motor vehicles, self-propelled machines or trailers.

The problem is solved by a wagon according to claim 1.

The wagon according to the invention makes it possible to move motor vehicles, in particular trucks, self-propelled machines, such as tractors, and trailers, from the road to the rail in a simple, reliable and efficient manner. The hereby possible loading and unloading is comparable with the known from passenger traffic transfers. Thus, the long-distance and transit traffic is not taken from its advantages. Instead, more are added. For example, a truck can be moved over long distances almost without interruption. An enormous time saving with circulation times is the consequence. Furthermore, the invention results in a significant relief of the environment and society, which can result in enormous economic impetus.

Due to the rotary and lifting cylinder of the wagon according to the invention, the loading area can be pivoted so far that it can be placed on an access or departure area on the platform. By the lifting mechanism in the rotary and lifting cylinders ensures that differences in height, which are caused by different loads on the car or different heights of the platform, can be compensated, so that the cargo area reliably at the height of a platform or a corresponding access or departure area can be arranged. By additionally provided according to the invention at a distance from the central rotating and lifting cylinder support cylinder, the loading area is supported during its pivotal movement front and rear, so that the risk of tilting of the car during the lifting and pivoting movement can be eliminated until the loading area safely on the platform or a podium intended for departure or access or a corresponding ramp. As a result, there is a wagon construction which can be adapted to different heights and which has stabilizers by means of the at least two support cylinders, which enable a fast and, above all, safe loading and unloading of motor vehicles, self-propelled machines and trailers onto the wagon.

In an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the rotary and lifting cylinders and the support cylinders are hydraulically coupled. Thus, the height of the support cylinder can be changed in a simple manner exactly with the height of the rotary and lifting cylinder, which, due to the hydraulics, especially larger loads can be lifted and lowered by all cylinders.

It has proved to be particularly suitable if a hydraulic system is provided on the wagon, which can be switched separately for each car of a train, for example from the locomotive. Thereby, the loading areas of each car of a train can be individually brought into a suitable position for loading and unloading of the wagon, depending on the respective construction of the wagon, the load applied to the wagon and the construction of the loading and unloading station.

According to a favorable variant of the present invention, the rotary and lifting cylinders and the support cylinders are provided in a lowered area between the undercarriage and the loading area. This has the advantage that the cylinders can be accommodated in the lowered area below the loading platform in a space-saving manner, whereby the overall structure of the wagon, including the motor vehicle parked thereon, the self-propelled machine or the trailer, can be kept so small that it meets the requirements, which suffice during transport, for example due to limited tunnel heights and the like. In addition, the reduction provided in the undercarriage has the advantage that, in particular in the case of heavy goods vehicles, a potential tipping point shifts downward, as a result of which the wagon as a whole becomes more stable.

Preferably, a platform fixed to the undercarriage is provided on the support cylinders, on which the loading surface rests. The platform can be designed, for example sickle-shaped. By supporting cylinders provided under each platform, the loading surface resting on the platform can be raised and lowered. In addition, the cargo bed can be safely swung on the platform, sliding from a home position on the car to a loading and unloading position on a platform and back.

In a particularly advantageous example of the present invention, the rotary and lifting cylinder on a turntable, which is guided circumferentially by a guide mechanism. As a guide mechanism, for example, a turntable or a pivot bearing can be used, which preferably has guide elements which engage in each other to give the turntable to the outside of a suitable stability.

It is particularly advantageous if a turntable of the rotary and lifting cylinder has a diameter which corresponds approximately to the width of the loading area. As a result, tilting of the wagon or the load on the wagon in the width direction of the loading surface can be avoided.

It is also advantageous if the rotary and lifting cylinder has a safety toothing. Thus, a turntable of the rotary and lifting cylinders in a starting position, for example, during the journey of the car, be fixed so that accidental swinging the cargo while driving can be prevented.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the present invention, rollers or rollers are provided in a front and a rear area at the bottom of the loading area. The rollers or rollers preferably have an orientation adapted to a pivoting angle of the loading surface. Due to the rollers or rollers, the loading area can be moved particularly easily on a support surface on the platform. In a special embodiment of the invention, the rollers or rollers may be provided in corresponding recesses at the bottom of the loading surface, whereby the overall height of the wagon can be reduced.

In another example of the present invention, track-down support devices are provided on the undercarriage. The support devices are preferably mounted on both sides at a front region and at a rear region of the underframe. By supporting a spring movement of the car at the moment of the stroke can be disabled or blocked by the rotary and lifting cylinder by a defined height for the car is created by the support devices. In addition, an additional braking function for the wagon is provided by the supporting devices, which is fixed by the supporting devices at the position.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, bolt-shaped securing elements are provided on the underframe, which can engage in corresponding recesses in the loading area. It is particularly advantageous if the securing elements are hydraulically locked in the recesses. Hereby, the loading area in a position in which it rests just on the base, be fixed. Thus, the risk of unwanted shearing the truck bed while driving can be eliminated.

A load applied to the loading area can be secured particularly well if securing blocks are provided on the loading area. By means of the securing brackets, the load applied to the loading area can be secured particularly well in its position on the loading area, in particular when braking or starting the train. For loading and unloading, it is particularly advantageous if the securing brackets are lowered into the cargo area.

Conveniently, at least one hydraulically erectable and lowerable ramp is provided on the wagon. The ramp can be used to create a particularly good transition from the loading area to an approach or driveway area at the loading and unloading station. As the ramp is erectable and lowerable, it can be brought into an upright position while driving so that the wagon does not need to be extended unnecessarily.

In a further example of the invention, the loading area of the wagon may be lowered in a ramp in a front and / or a rear end area. Thus, the cargo area itself can be used, at least in part, as a ramp for loading and unloading the wagon.

It has also proven to be advantageous if the car has a coupling mechanism to a next car, the length of which is adapted to the degree of overlap of the car length by the loading surface in their pivotal movement. Thus, it is guaranteed by the proposed coupling mechanism that the cars have a minimum distance from each other, allowing unhindered pivoting in and out of the loading area.

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least one lifting and / or swivel-limiting sensor is provided laterally on the loading surface. The lifting and / or swivel limitation sensor is a measuring sensor or a detection element with which a distance of the loading area can be measured or detected from a platform, so that the loading area is only swung out of the track area when it is above a platform level. This has the advantage that the wagon can be stopped at any breakpoint, regardless of its height, for loading and unloading and an exact pivoting time for the cargo bed can be determined.

According to the invention, a loading and unloading station is also provided for a wagon, in which tracks are laid in concrete in the region of the loading and unloading station. This can be a track bed reduction, which would take place when placed on gravel tracks on which the wagon according to the invention also drive and can be loaded and unloaded, would be avoided. Thus, in the loading and unloading station according to the invention caused by a load of the wagon height difference compared to the height of an approach or departure area at the loading and unloading station is always the same.

It is particularly advantageous if an approach and departure area or a platform of the loading and unloading station is approximately at the level of the loading area of the wagon. In this case, the wagon can enter, for example, in a shaft on a station, which has a defined depth for receiving the chassis of the car. In another variant, the platform can also be designed to be raised at the loading and unloading station. By this construction, the stroke of the rotary and lifting cylinder and the support cylinder can be optimized or minimized so that an easy and efficient loading and unloading of the wagon with simultaneous energy savings can be made possible.

Figur 1

schematisch eine Seitenansicht einer Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Waggons zeigt;

Figur 2

schematisch den Waggon aus Fig. 1 in einer Draufsicht auf eine Ladefläche des Waggons zeigt;

Figur 3

schematisch den Waggon aus den Fig. 1 und 2 in einer Draufsicht auf ein Untergestell des Waggons zeigt;

Figur 4

schematisch einen Waggon gemäß einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung in einer Draufsicht auf eine Ladefläche bei verschiedenen Positionen der Ladefläche während ihrer Schwenkbewegung zeigt;

Figur 5

schematisch ein Beispiel für einen Dreh- und Hubzylinder, der in einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Waggons angewendet werden kann, in einer geschnittenen Seitenansicht zeigt;

Figur 6

schematisch den Dreh- und Hubzylinder aus Fig. 6 in einer geschnittenen Draufsicht zeigt;

Figur 7

schematisch ein Beispiel für einen Grundaufbau eines Stützzylinders, der in einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Waggons angewendet werden kann, in einer Seitenansicht zeigt;

Figur 8

schematisch eine perspektivische Teilansicht des Waggons aus Fig. 1 bis 3 in einer Ansicht von unten auf eine Ladefläche und einer Ansicht von oben auf ein Untergestell des Waggons zeigt;

Figur 9

schematisch ein Beispiel eines bei einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Waggons verwendbaren Hydraulikverschlusses in einer perspektivischen Ansicht zeigt;

Figur 10

schematisch eine Ausführungsform einer Be- und Entladestation für einen erfindungsgemäßen Waggon mit einem eingefahrenen Waggon in einer Ansicht von der Seite zeigt;

Figur 11

schematisch den in die Be- und Entladestation aus Fig. 10 eingefahrenen Waggon in verschiedenen Phasen eines Be- und Entladevorganges in einer Ansicht von der Seite zeigt.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention, the structure of which function and advantages are explained in more detail below with reference to the figures of the drawing, wherein

FIG. 1

schematically shows a side view of an embodiment of a wagon according to the invention;

FIG. 2

schematically the wagon out Fig. 1 in a plan view of a loading area of the wagon shows;

FIG. 3

schematically the wagon from the Fig. 1 and 2 in a plan view of a base of the car shows;

FIG. 4

schematically shows a wagon according to an embodiment of the present invention in a plan view of a loading area at different positions of the loading surface during its pivotal movement;

FIG. 5

schematically shows an example of a rotary and lifting cylinder, which can be applied in one embodiment of the car according to the invention, in a sectional side view;

FIG. 6

schematically the rotary and lifting cylinder Fig. 6 in a sectional plan view shows;

FIG. 7

schematically shows an example of a basic structure of a support cylinder, which can be applied in an embodiment of the wagon according to the invention, in a side view;

FIG. 8

schematically a partial perspective view of the car from Fig. 1 to 3 in a view from below of a loading area and a view from above of a carriage of the carriage;

FIG. 9

schematically shows an example of a usable in an embodiment of the carriage according to the invention hydraulic lock in a perspective view;

FIG. 10

schematically shows an embodiment of a loading and unloading station for a wagon according to the invention with a retracted wagon in a view from the side;

FIG. 11

schematically the in the loading and unloading station Fig. 10 the wagon in different phases of a loading and unloading process in a view from the side.

Fig. 1 shows schematically a side view of an embodiment of a wagon according to the invention 1. The car 1 has a front bogie 6 and a rear bogie 7, on which a base frame 4 is mounted. The undercarriage 4 has between the front bogie 6 and the rear bogie 7 a lowered portion 5 and lies with its non-lowered portions 10, 11 on the bogies 6, 7.

On the undercarriage 4, a loading area 3 is provided for charging a motor vehicle or trailer. Preferably, the loading surface 3 is flat and in a thickness educated. Although it is in principle possible that the loading surface 3 in a central region, that is, especially under the load, reinforced. In this case, however, a higher stroke must be performed to prevent a bumping formed by the reinforcement lower edge of the loading area 3 at a platform. In the exemplary embodiment shown, side brackets 29 are provided laterally on the loading surface 3, which allow lateral stabilization of the motor vehicle or trailer mounted on the loading surface 3.

Between the base 4 and the loading area 3, a rotary and lifting cylinder 8 is centrally provided, which is mounted on the base frame 4 and with which the loading surface 3 can be raised, lowered and pivoted horizontally. In addition, at least two support cylinders 9 also mounted on the undercarriage 4 are provided between the undercarriage 4 and the loading area 3. The support cylinders 9 are coupled in the example shown hydraulically via a separate provided for the car 1 hydraulic system with the rotary and lifting cylinder 8, wherein the lifting movement of the support cylinder 9 is synchronized with the lifting movement of the rotary and lifting cylinder 8.

In the example of Fig. 1 are each two support cylinders 9 in a front and a rear portion of the undercarriage 4, symmetrically distributed in the width dimension b of the undercarriage 4, mounted thereon. In other, not shown embodiments of the present invention, in the front and the rear region of the undercarriage 4 also a support cylinder in the middle of the width extension b or more than two support cylinders 9 may be provided with symmetrical distribution over the width b of the undercarriage 4.

On the loading surface 3 of the wagon 1, lifting and / or pivot limiting sensors 41 are provided laterally, by means of which a distance of the loading surface 3 from a platform can be measured or detected.

Furthermore, in the illustration of Fig. 1 respectively at the beginning and at the end of the wagon 1 to see a ramp 21, which is located at a longitudinal end of the loading area 3. In Fig. 1 the ramps 21 are folded upwards. To unload the wagon 1, the ramp 21 can be folded down. This can be done hydraulically.

In principle, it is also possible that the ramp is already integrated in the loading area 3 such that the loading area 3 is in a front and / or a rear end area is ramped down. Thus, here the loading and unloading of the wagon 1 via the ramp-shaped lowering alone or in combination with the ramp 21 described above can be made.

In order to secure a truck on the loading area 3, the truck drives up to a starting or securing block 39, analogous to a curb in front of the front wheels, which can be raised hydraulically from the loading area 3 and lowered into it and secures the truck in the direction of travel of the train , Two lateral guide rails or sleepers 43 or attachment wedges can be moved hydraulically over the entire vehicle length to the tires of the vehicle. The thresholds 43 may for example have a height of 15 cm. Thus, the truck is secured on both sides against lateral slipping.

Due to the pivoting of the loading area 3, the respective loading area 3 overlaps when swinging each of the undercarriage 4. Accordingly, between the car 1 and a subsequent car of the train to set a sufficient distance, which allows pivoting of the respective loading area 3, even if the Wagons are coupled together. For this purpose, the wagon 1 coupling mechanisms 22, whose length k is adapted to the degree of overlap of the wagon length by the loading surface 3 in the pivoting movement.

Fig. 2 schematically shows the car 1 from Fig. 1 In this plan view, it can be seen that the support cylinders 9 are each distributed symmetrically in the width dimension u of the undercarriage 4 and in each case at the same distance a from the pivot point 26 of the rotary and lifting cylinder 8 in the longitudinal extent I of the loading surface 3 are arranged. The support cylinders 9 may be arranged, for example, in each case 5 m in front of and behind the central rotary and lifting cylinder 8. In other embodiments of the present invention, other suitable distances of the support cylinders 9 may be provided by the rotary and lifting cylinder 8. The further the support cylinders 9 come to the outside, the more advantageous is the load distribution on the wagon 1. Furthermore, the height of the loading surface 3 can also be reduced thereby. The support cylinders 9 support the stroke of the rotary and lifting cylinder 8 in a stabilizing manner.

On the support cylinders 9 each have a crescent-shaped platform 12 is applied, whose width is approximately equal to the width b of the loading area 3. The crescent-shaped platform 12 can be raised and lowered by the support cylinder 9. On the platform 12 is the cargo area. 3 which can be raised and lowered with the platform 12 and which can be moved on the platform 12, sliding or, as in the example shown, rolling on the rollers or rollers 18 from the platform 12 to a platform. In this case, the loading surface 3 is during its pivoting movement on the platform 12 until the loading area 3 can be placed on a platform or an access and exit surface 31 of a loading and unloading station 23.

According to another, not shown embodiment of the present invention, it is also possible that the support cylinders 9 are fixed to the bottom of the loading area 3 and are movably guided on the base frame 4 so that they can perform the pivoting movement of the loading area 3 with. In this embodiment, however, a separate drive mechanism for the pivotal movement of the support cylinder 9 is required, so that this embodiment is associated with considerable additional effort compared to the above.

Fig. 3 schematically shows the car 1 from the Fig. 1 and 2 in a plan view of the undercarriage 4 of the wagon 1. From the FIGS. 2 and 3 It is clear that the rotary and lifting cylinder 8 has a turntable 14 whose diameter d is at least as large as the width u of the undercarriage 4. In a particularly advantageous variant of the wagon 1 according to the invention, the turntable 14 has a diameter d which corresponds approximately to the width b of the loading surface 3, resulting in a particularly good stability of the arrangement during a pivoting movement of the loading surface 3.

The in the Fig. 1 to 3 Car 1 shown thus has a support surface which is realized by the base 4 and on which a bogie and a coupling in the form of the rotary and lifting cylinder 8 and the support cylinder 9 are realized with the platform 12 provided thereon. The loading area 3 lies on the underframe 4 as another level. The loading area 3 accommodates the extended road in the form of at least one ramp 21 or a ramp-shaped lowered front and / or end area and all securing devices for load securing.

Fig. 4 schematically shows a wagon 1 according to the invention in a plan view of the loading area 3 at different positions A, B, C of the loading area 3 during its pivoting movement. As in Fig. 4 schematically indicated, the loading area 3 is laterally swivelable in both directions laterally at least in a swivel angle α, so that the loading area 3 in each case in their ready b on a supply and departure area 31 of a Platforms of a loading and unloading station 23 can be placed or rest. In this case, the loading area 3 should be swung so far that its front or rear end rests in the entire width dimension b at least on a platform edge 27.

Out Fig. 4 It can also be seen that the loading surface 3 moves in its pivotal movement relative to the support cylinders 9 and the platform 12 on this. During the pivoting movement of the loading surface 3, the support cylinders 9 retain their position on the undercarriage 4 in the embodiment shown. This is defined by the width of the platform 12 and the distance a of the support cylinder 9 of the pivot point 26, a maximum pivot angle α for the loading area 3. As a result, an up or shut down of a truck, a self-propelled machine or a trailer on or from the bed 3 each diagonal to the direction of travel of the car 1, according to the direction indicated by the arrows D, E, F, G directions.

Fig. 5 schematically shows an example of a central rotary and lifting cylinder 8, for example, in the in the Fig. 1 to 4 shown carriage 1 according to the invention can find application in a sectional side view. The rotary and lifting cylinder 8 is composed of a plurality of individual cylinders 33, 34, 35 telescopic cylinder, which has a support member 36 for the individual cylinder 33, 34, 35 and a turntable 14 mounted thereon. The illustrated rotary and lifting cylinder 8 is hydraulically operated, whereby the telescopic cylinder composed of the individual cylinders 33, 34, 35 can raise and lower and which raises and lowers the turntable 14 accordingly.

The turntable 14 has an outer part 15b of a guide mechanism, which is formed in the example shown as a ring gear, which can be rotated by a hydraulically operated rack 37 in rotary motion, so that the turntable 14 in addition to the lifting movement can also perform a rotational movement. In other, not shown embodiments of the present invention, the rack 37 may also be omitted and a purely hydraulic drive mechanism may be used to enable the turntable 14 in a rotational movement. The rotational movement is guided by the provided on the turntable 14 guides 15a, 15b, in which a guide member 28 of the support member 36 engages, guided, so that the rotational movement of the turntable 14 is stabilized to the outside.

In addition, at the bottom of the turntable 14, a projection 16 is provided, which can engage in a recess 17 of the support member 36, so that upon engagement of the projection 16 in the recess 17, a locking teeth results when the turntable 14 is lowered completely onto the support member 36 is. As a result, the turntable 14 is locked in its lowered position, for example, during the journey of the wagon 1, whereby unwanted pivoting movements of the turntable 14 can be prevented while driving.

Fig. 6 schematically shows the rotary and lifting cylinder 8 Fig. 5 in a cutaway plan view.

Fig. 7 schematically shows an example of a basic structure of a support cylinder 9, which, for example, in the embodiments of the carriage 1 of the invention Fig. 1 to 4 can be applied in a side view. The support cylinder 9 is a lifting cylinder, with which the loading surface 3 can be raised and lowered at a distance a to the centrally provided rotary and lifting cylinder 8. The support cylinder 9 off Fig. 7 is in the form of a telescopic cylinder with individual cylinders 33, 34, 35 is formed. As stated above, at least two support cylinders 9 are used in the wagon 1, each acting as stabilizers, so that a tilting of the loading surface 3 can be prevented during a pivoting movement of the loading surface 3 until the loading surface 3 rests on a platform.

Fig. 8 schematically shows a partial perspective view of the car 1 from the Fig. 1 to 4 in a view from below of the loading area 3 and a view from above of the underframe. 4

Between the non-lowered areas 10, 11 of the undercarriage 4 and the loading area 3 are, as in Fig. 8 see safety locks 32 provided in Fig. 9 are shown enlarged. The safety closures 32 are in the example shown hydraulic locks and each have bolt-shaped securing elements 19 which can engage in corresponding recesses 20 in or below the loading area 3, whereby the loading area 3 can be locked in its non-pivoted position on the base frame 4. In this way, an undesired pivoting of the loading surface 3 can be prevented while driving.

As a further precautionary measure can be released in the inventive wagon 1 by the lifting operation via lever support devices with Abstützböcken 40 with extending over the width of the car 1 support plates 42, which are each of the wagon center in front of the bogie 6, 7 and on the tracks 24th can be placed. By the supporting devices, a defined height for the loading area 3 of the wagon 1 can be adjusted so that the spring movement of the wagon 1 can be disabled or blocked during the lifting and pivoting movement of the loading area 3. In addition, the supporting devices act as additional brakes for the wagon. 1

Further, in a front and rear end portion of the non-lowered portions 10, 11 of the undercarriage 4 and above the crescent-shaped platform 12 at the bottom of the loading surface 3, a plurality of rollers or rollers 18 made of steel are provided. The rollers 18 are preferably fastened to the loading surface 3 in such a way that their orientation is adapted to the swiveling angle α of the loading surface 3. By providing the rollers or rollers 18, the loading surface 3 can be suitably swung to the side of the platform 12 and moved on a platform. For example, as shown in FIG Fig. 8 is shown to be provided in recesses in the loading area 3, from which they protrude suitably. Thus, the height of the car 1 can be kept low.

Fig. 10 schematically shows an embodiment of an inventively usable loading and unloading station 23 for a wagon 1 according to the invention, as it is for example in the Fig. 1 to 4 and 8th is shown with a retracted carriage 1 in a view from the side. The loading and unloading station 23 has two lateral entry and exit areas 31, between which a shaft 25 is formed for retracting the wagon 1. The shaft 25 has a depth t, which corresponds approximately to the height of the chassis and undercarriage 4 of the wagon 1. In the example of Fig. 10 If the loading area 3 is not swung out on the undercarriage 4 of the wagon 1.

In another variant of a loading and unloading station which can be used according to the invention, the latter can also have a platform elevated relative to the track bed, whereby an entry or exit area or the platform of the loading and unloading station is approximately level with the loading area 3 of the wagon 1.

In the in Fig. 10 illustrated embodiment, the shaft 25 is formed with a subfloor or track bed 30 made of ballast, in which tracks 24 are laid. In a favorable development of the opposite of the platform lower lying track bed 30 or shaft 25 at least the track bed or the bottom of the shaft 25 is formed of concrete, and accordingly the tracks 24 are laid in the concrete. This has the advantage that the track bed does not lower with time, so that the height of the loading area 3 of the wagon 1 at the same load on entry into the shaft 25 at different times always remains the same. This is particularly noteworthy, since the typical track bed reduction of tracks laid in ballast is currently about 7 cm / year. By the track bed or at least the bottom of the shaft 25 is formed of concrete, this need not be taken into account and the stroke of the cylinder 8, 9 of the car 1 according to the invention can be set for example at about 20 cm. Thus, the energy required to raise and lower the loads in the wagon 1 of the invention can be lowered.

Fig. 11 schematically shows the in the loading and unloading station 23 Fig. 10 retracted wagon 1 in different phases of loading and unloading. By provided on the bed 3 arrow J, the stroke direction of the loading surface 3 is shown symbolically. In this case, the loading area 3 in the pivoted state, resting on the rollers 18, on the entry and exit areas 31 are discontinued and the ramp 21, if any, are lowered for loading or unloading, so that for example a truck on the ramp 21st can ascend to the loading area 3 until it is completely on the loading area 3. Subsequently, the loading surface 3 is raised again by the cylinders 8, 9, in the direction of travel of the wagon 1, in a straight support on the base frame 4, swung back, lowered again and locked in this position. Furthermore, at the latest in this position, the ramp 21 is folded up again.

If the loading area 3 for unloading the truck at the loading and unloading station 23 are extended again, the loading area 3 is raised by the cylinder 8, 9, for example, about 20 cm above platform height, by means of rack 37, which is moved hydraulically, and a Sprocket 15b slidably pivoted at an angle α of, for example, 45 ° on the platform 12 until it sits on the platform, lowered and the ramp 21 is lowered. The safety systems are released and the truck leaves the loading area 3 in, opposite or diagonally to the direction of travel of the train. Immediately thereafter, the next truck to the loading area 3, as described above, ascend and will be secured. The loading area 3 is again raised, pivoted and lowered again to the starting position.

For example, unused rail areas in the cargo area can be redesigned in such a way that waiting areas for trucks can be created for loading and "transferring". For this purpose concrete tracks are to create a length corresponding to the mobility and the length of an EU standard train right and left of the tracks 24 and make out at the height of the wagon 1 according to the invention.

The inventive concept is designed especially for trains with about fifty cars 1, two social cars with sleeping cabins, showers, toilet and bistro. As route network north-south as well as east-west connections can be created with change possibilities for the change of direction. The transit traffic can thus be subjected to a railway obligation. Thus, Europe-wide passage trains are possible.

Due to the fast and flexible loading, long-distance traffic routes can be limited to road lengths of about 150 km for loading and unloading. This has the advantage that the transit traffic can be almost completely relocated from the road network to the rail. The daily mileage of goods can thereby at least be doubled. Sundays and holidays as well as driving times are irrelevant in the inventive concept. Lower consumption and pollutant emissions reduce the environmental impact. Energy is cheaper because diesel is no longer in demand to the extent. In addition, direct railway workplaces can be newly created. Freight forwarders also save tolls, fuel and wear. In addition, maintenance costs on roads and bridges can be greatly reduced by the invention.

Claims (16)

1. Wagon (1) for transporting motor vehicles, self-propelling machines and trailers, which wagon (1) has a load bed (3) which can be pivoted about a pivot point and a bogie (4) below the load bed (3),
   characterized in that
   the wagon (1) has a carrier bed which is realized by the bogie (4), and in that the wagon (1) has, centrally on the bogie (4), a rotating and lifting cylinder (8) for the load bed (3), which rotating and lifting cylinder (8) is provided between the bogie (4) and the load bed (3) and is mounted on the bogie (4), and at least two supporting cylinders (9) for the load bed (3), which supporting cylinders (9) are arranged in each case at an identical spacing (a) from the rotating and lifting cylinder (8) in the longitudinal extent (I) of the load bed (3), are provided between the bogie (4) and the load bed (3) and are synchronized with the lifting movement of the rotating and lifting cylinder (8).
2. Wagon according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotating and lifting cylinder (8) and the supporting cylinders (9) are coupled hydraulically.
3. Wagon according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a hydraulic system which can be switched separately for each wagon (1) of a train is provided on the wagon (1).
4. Wagon according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotating and lifting cylinder (8) and the supporting cylinders (9) are provided in a recessed region (5) between the bogie (4) and the load bed (3).
5. Wagon according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in each case one platform (12) which is fastened to the bogie (4) and on which the load bed (3) rests is provided on the supporting cylinders (9).
6. Wagon according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotating and lifting cylinder (8) has a rotary plate (14) which is guided on the circumferential side by a guide mechanism (15a, 15b, 28).
7. Wagon according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a rotary plate (14) of the rotary and lifting cylinder (8) has a diameter (d) which corresponds approximately to the width (b) of the load bed (3).
8. Wagon according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotating and lifting cylinder (8) has a safety serration (16, 17).
9. Wagon according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that rollers or rolls (18) are provided on the bottom of the load bed (3) in a front and in a rear region.
10. Wagon according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that supporting devices (40, 42) which can be lowered onto rails (24) are provided on the bogie (4).
11. Wagon according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that pin-shaped securing elements (19) which can engage into corresponding cutouts (20) in the load bed (3) are provided on the bogie (4).
12. Wagon according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that securing supports (39) are provided on the load bed (3).
13. Wagon according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one ramp (21) which can be raised and lowered hydraulically is provided on the wagon (1).
14. Wagon according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the load bed (3) is lowered in the manner of a ramp in a front and/or a rear end region.
15. Wagon according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wagon (1) has a coupling mechanism (22) to a next wagon, the length (k) of which coupling mechanism (22) is adapted to the extent of an overlap of the wagon length by the load bed (3) during its pivoting movement.
16. Wagon according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one lifting and/or pivoting limit sensor (41) is provided laterally on the load bed (3).

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