RU2657627C2 - Bodrov car for movable heavy oversize loads - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transportation.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to railway transport for unloading / loading on unprepared platforms and motorway moving / self-propelled cargoes. Car for moving heavy oversized loads includes body (1) in the form of a carrier closed in cross-section of the shell as a single unit with one end wall, equipped with a counterweight with the ability to move along the bottom along the longitudinal axis of the body, wheel guard devices, extension backstops (9) into the ground, bearing frame (2), spiral beam and the joint (6) of the bearing frame with the body, including the mechanisms of lifting, turning and tilting. Bearing frame is made with a double spine beam and with the possibility of supporting the rails/sleepers/ground in the area of the joint junction. Telescopic supports in the ground from the side of the open end are located inside the body with the possibility of moving behind the side walls of the body while turning it.

EFFECT: invention provides loading or unloading of the car on unprepared platforms/highways.

1 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to railway transport for expeditious delivery and unloading / loading to unprepared sites and roads of mobile / self-propelled goods.

As a prototype adopted a car for transportation of self-propelled equipment [1]. The wagon includes a body made in the form of a carrier enclosed in a cross section of the shell as a unit with one end wall, and articulated with a carrier frame supported by running trolleys by means of an articulation unit including a lifting mechanism, a horizontal rotation mechanism and a vertical tilt mechanism the plane.

The body is equipped with a counterweight with the ability to move along the bottom along the longitudinal axis, wheel chippers with the possibility of transverse symmetrical expansion and telescopic stops in the ground with the possibility of controlled extension.

At the junction with the joint, the spinal beam is reinforced from below and with a recess from above so that the top of the joint mechanism is at the top of the spinal beam.

With regard to the transportation of mobile heavy oversized cargo in width and height, the most significant disadvantages of the prototype:

- when lifting the body above the frame, its weight is distributed not evenly over the entire spinal beam, but locally, on the recess section, which significantly increases the bending moment and, as a result, requires either a particularly rigid structure or a significant reduction in the weight of the transported equipment relative to the wagon's carrying capacity;

- a body with a cross section within the largest size of T cars limits the dimensions of many types of transported equipment, and recesses for placing telescopic stops in the ground further reduce the permissible width of the equipment.

The objective of the invention is the proposal of a vehicle for prompt delivery to places near the railway lines of heavy oversized mobile equipment.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in a carriage for moving heavy oversized cargo, including a body made in the form of a carrier shell closed in cross section as a unit with one end wall and equipped with a counterweight with the ability to move along the bottom along the longitudinal axis of the body, with wheel chippers with the possibility symmetrical extension and telescopic stops in the ground with the possibility of controlled extension, the supporting frame, the spinal beam of which is made at the junction with the joint with a recess with according to the invention, the body is made with a cross section within the allowable oversize, and the supporting frame is made with a double spine beam and can be supported on rails / sleepers / soil in the area of the joint.

In addition, telescopic stops in the ground from the side of the open end are placed inside the body with the ability to move beyond the side walls of the body when it is rotated.

According to [2], the permissible oversize in the lower half of the car is 4.4 m and 2.28 m at the top, which allows the possibility of transporting self-propelled vehicles of substantially greater width. The internal dimensions of the body can be: width in the lower half 4.3, under the roof 2.2, height 4 m. With four-axle trolleys, the body length can be about 25 m, load capacity about 140 tons.

Since during loading / unloading most of the body does not lean on the bearing frame and the roadside soil, its longitudinal stiffness, as in the prototype, is ensured by the form of a closed shell (non-circular pipe), while the bottom of the body may have a small thickness, and the end the wall, made as a unit with the body, provides its lateral rigidity,

In the prototype, telescopic stops in the ground are located outside the side walls within the size of the car, but niches under the stops protrude into the car, thereby narrowing the possible width of the transported cargo. The location of the telescopic stops in the ground inside the body with the possibility of moving them over the side walls when turning the body for loading / unloading does not create an additional restriction on the width of the cargo.

The running gear (wheels / tracks) of a moving load of increased width is generally more widely spaced apart. The double spinal beam not only significantly increases the bearing capacity of the frame, but also allows to reduce the lateral rigidity of the underbody due to the approach of the wheels / tracks to the area of the body support on the spinal beams, and the increased weight of not only the transported cargo, but also the tare is compensated by the increased number of wheel pairs in carts. The use of three- or four-axle trolleys requires an increase in the length of the body, which allows to increase the permissible size of the cargo along the length.

According to the theory of resistance of materials:

- The greatest bending moment in a beam uniformly loaded along the span with a total force P is two times less than in a beam loaded with the same concentrated force in its middle. A double spinal beam with the placement of pivot nodes of the frame and automatic couplings between the spinal beams compensates for the concentration of the load.

- The bending moment in the beam loaded by force P on two supports is proportional to the distance between the supports, to increase this distance while maintaining the bearing capacity, it is necessary to increase the bending resistance moment, which is achieved by increasing the height of the beam cross section to minimize weighting, but with an increase in the height of the spinal beam, the permissible load size decreases in height. Additional support under the articulation unit (approximately in the middle of the carriage base) for the time the load is concentrated (lifting and turning the body) can significantly increase the carriage length (cargo overall length) without decreasing the overall height while minimizing the tare weight of the car, and in the transport position Longer beams are achieved by doubling the spinal beams.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

FIG. 1 - Wagon in transport position.

FIG. 2 - Wagon in the unloading position on the side of the road or road.

Figure 3 - View A

FIG. 4 - Cross section along the axis of the articulation unit with the body in transport position.

FIG. 5 - Cross section along the axis of the articulation unit with the body raised.

FIG. 6 - View I

FIG. 7 - View II

FIG. 8 - Section BB

FIG. 9 - A longitudinal section of an individual container for each elastic cylinder of the lifting mechanism.

The wagon includes: a body 1 (Fig. 1-4), a supporting frame 2 (Fig. 1, 2) with reinforcement 3 (Fig. 1, 5), at the ends of which the supporting frames 4 with jacks 5 and with a lift drive are pivotally mounted not shown), articulation unit 6 (Fig. 1) and trolley 7 (Fig. 1, 2, 4). The back of the body is equipped with a door 8 (Fig. 1, 3) and a pair of articulated telescopic stops (hereinafter t / stop) 9, for example hydraulic, with a drive 10 lift. The front end of the body is equipped with a pair of pivotally mounted t / stops 11 (Fig. 2-4). The open end opening of the body 1 in the transport position is closed by the end wall 12 (Fig. 1, 2), rigidly fixed to the end beam of the supporting frame 2. The bottom 13 (Fig. 5, 6) of the body 1 is equipped with cams 14 (Fig. 3). Inside the body 1, a counterweight 15 (Fig. 2, 3, 5) moved by a winch (not shown) and wheel chippers 16 with a symmetrical sliding mechanism (not shown) are located. In addition, inside the body 1 near the door 8 there is a control panel (not shown), measuring tanks 17 (Fig. 9) with antifreeze, oil pumps and a tank (not shown) with oil for hydraulic cylinders t / stops 9, 11 and jacks 5.

The joint 6 includes a mechanism for lifting the body 1 and the mechanisms of its rotation and tilt.

The lifting mechanism includes a support disk 18 (Fig. 5, 6) rigidly fixed to the bottom 13 with a centering stop 19 (Fig. 5, 8), elastic cylinders 20 (Fig. 6-8) and an intermediate ring 21 (Fig. 6, 7 ) The rotation mechanism includes a pallet 22 (Fig. 5-7) with an annular stop 23 (Fig. 5, 8), an antifriction gasket 24 (Fig. 6, 7), a bevel gear 25 rigidly fixed to the pallet 22, leading a bevel gear 26 and its drive 27 (Fig. 6-8), rigidly fixed to the bottom 13 through the dust collector 28 (Fig. 6, 7). The tilt mechanism includes an upper arc sheet 30 (Fig. 5, 6) rigidly fixed to the pallet 22 by means of stiffeners 29 (Fig. 5, 6), freely supported on the lower arc sheet 31 (Fig. 5), rigidly fixed in the neckline of the spinal beams 2, reinforced from below by a quadruple z-profile 3. In addition, the tilt mechanism includes a counterweight 15 and t / stops 9, 11.

The device operates as follows.

In the initial position, the car is empty, the body 1 is rotated along the longitudinal axis of the car and rests on the supporting frame 2. The wedge cams 14 on the bottom of the body fit tightly in the wedge sockets (not shown) on the supporting frame, eliminating the possibility of horizontal movement of the body relative to the supporting frame. The end opening of the front of the body 1 is closed by the end wall 12. The centering stop 19 rests on the near-axis part of the pallet 22, excluding the complete compression of the cylinders 20. The annular stop 23, which contacts the lateral surface of the centering stop 19 along the landing, fixes its location strictly along the axis of the rotation mechanism . T / stops 9 are held by the drive 10 in a horizontal position in the niches of the body 1, and t / stops 11 are located inside the body. The springs inside t / stops 9 and 11 support their minimum length. The supporting frames 4 with jacks 5 are held by the drive in a horizontal position.

To load equipment into the car, the operator connects the control panel to the compressed air line of the brake system of the train and to its electrical system, lowers the support frames 4 with jacks 5 into a vertical position, turns on the oil supply pump to the jacks 5. The oil pressure in the jacks 5 is limited by the value at which the total pressure on the rails of the four jacks is approximately equal to the tare weight of the car. After that, the operator turns on the supply of compressed air to the measured containers 17 with liquid, for example, antifreeze, separated from the air cavity by an elastic membrane, for example, polyurethane. The number of containers 17 is equal to the number of cylinders 20. The liquid is extruded into the cylinders 20 and the body 1 rises. Moreover, in the automatic mode, the horizontal bottom of the body is maintained by the position of the counterweight 15 - in the case of a tilt of the body 1 above the permissible value, the drive for moving the counterweight 15 is turned on until the tilt is removed. After the complete extrusion of all the fluid from the containers 17 of the membrane, the pipeline for its supply is blocked, providing an equal volume of fluid to each cylinder 20 and, accordingly, the horizontal body 1 is raised by an amount sufficient to allow the wedge cams 14 to exit the wedge nests and to engage gears 25 and 26. The magnitude of the lifting of the body 1 is less than the height of the annular stop 23, therefore, the alignment of the centering stop 19 with the pallet 22 is maintained at any position of the body. The operator turns on the drive 27 and the body 1 rotates in the horizontal plane to the desired side by the desired angle, lowers the t / stops 9, rotates the t / stops 11 in the horizontal plane by 180 °, transferring them to the side walls of the body 1, after which the oil is supplied to the hydraulic cylinders t / stops 9, 11 pushes them all the way to the ground / site. Then the oil from the t / stops 11 is pumped into the t / stops 9 and the body 1 is tilted in a vertical plane to the bottom of the body under the open end opening in the ground / platform. Wheel chippers 16 are installed in a position in which the calling equipment moves strictly in the center of the cross section of the body. With t / stops 9 and 11, the body rises to the horizontal position, then they are shortened by 0.03-0.06 m and, depending on the tilt of the body forward or backward, the loaded equipment moves along the body until the tilt starts in the other direction (preliminary load alignment), the automatic balancing mode with a counterweight 15 taking into account the friction moment in the tilt mechanism, then the t / stops 9 and 11 are shortened to the limit and transferred to their original position, after which the body rotates to its original position, pressure is released in containers 17 air and liquid from the cylinders 20 under the influence of the weight of the body flows into the tank 17. The body lowers onto the supporting frame 2, the wheels / tracks of the immersed equipment are fixed, the pressure from the jacks 5 is released, the supporting frames 4 are turned to their original position. The wagon is ready for transportation.

At the unloading site, the wheels / tracks of the equipment are released, the support frames 4 are lowered and oil is supplied to the jacks 5, the body rises and rotates in the right direction, tilts to the bottom under the open end to the ground in the same way as before loading, the equipment leaves, then the support frames and the body is returned to its original position by actions similar to the procedure after loading it at the point of departure.

Thus, the proposed design of the car allows you to quickly deliver mobile heavy oversized equipment — truck cranes, bulldozers, long vehicles, trailers with cargo, etc., to a specified location near the railway, unload on unprepared sites / roads, or vice versa, load it from unprepared platforms / highways in the car.

Sources of information taken into account when preparing the application

1. V.V. Bodrov. Wagon for transportation of self-propelled machinery. Patent RU 2580389 C2, IPC B61D 3/18. Publ. 04/10/2015, Bull. Number 25.

2. Instructions for the transportation of oversized and heavy cargo on the railways of the CIS member states, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, and the Republic of Estonia. Approved at the thirtieth meeting of the Rail Transport Council on 10/19/2001.

Claims (2)

1. A wagon for moving heavy oversized cargo, comprising a body made in the form of a carrier enclosed in a transverse section of the shell as a unit with one end wall, equipped with a counterweight with the ability to move along the bottom along the longitudinal axis of the body, wheel chippers with the possibility of symmetrical separation and telescopic stops in soil with the possibility of controlled extension, a supporting frame, the spinal beam of which is made at the junction with the articulation node with a recess on top and reinforcement from below, and the assembly of the bearing frame with the body, including lifting, turning and tilting mechanisms, characterized in that the body is made with a cross section within the allowable oversize, and the supporting frame is made with a double spine beam and can be supported on rails / sleepers / soil in the area of the joint . 2. The wagon according to claim 1, characterized in that the telescopic stops in the ground from the side of the open end are placed inside the body with the ability to move beyond the side walls of the body when it is rotated.

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