EP2225423B1 - Composite cellulose element - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a wall containing pulp composite elements consisting of thick plates of pulp-containing material with cavities enclosed therein, each plate consisting of a plurality of layers of sheets or thin plates glued together, several of which have the profile of a shaft or a shaft Mäanders have and form within this profile numerous cavities and several plates are connected to each other.

Cellulose is more than 50% part of cell walls in plants, making it one of the most abundant organic compounds in the world. The chemical formula is: (C ₆ H ₁₀ O ₅ ) _N. Technically, cellulose is obtained as a so-called pulp by abrading from wood and serves as a raw material in the paper industry, the clothing industry and as a raw material for numerous other applications in other areas. Cellulose has been known for centuries as an essential component of paper and board. It becomes clear under the microscope that the individual fibers are oriented in the most diverse directions and, like a nonwoven, are manifoldly interlinked. It follows that paper and cardboard can be loaded in the direction of their surface with relatively high tensile forces, but on the other hand can be curved perpendicular to the surface with relatively very low forces. With increasing strength, a paper can absorb ever increasing pressure forces in its plane and is called cardboard. From about 1.5 mm thickness and a basis weight of about 600 g / m ² , it is referred to as cardboard.

Cellulose is insoluble in water and in most organic solvents. The solubility of most papers and boards in water is therefore not due to the base material but to the adhesives used to bond the cellulose fibers. Since the tensile strength of paper or board in the plane is significantly higher than the compressive strength, a sheet of paper or a piece of cardboard can withstand considerably higher compressive forces when curved in a columnar or tubular manner, as a result of which the compressive forces in the now curved surface of the paper partially are derived to tensile forces.

Therefore, in 1871, a wave-shaped profiled cardboard with the outermost areas of the valleys and mountains of its waves was glued between two flat cardboard pieces. As corrugated board, this material is the leading base material in the packaging industry and also proves its worth in the transport packaging of goods of particularly high weight, such as Internal combustion engines, its carrying capacity. On the other hand, it is one of the most cost-effective plate materials available in the state-of-the-art due to the inexpensive and widely available raw material and a variety of perfected processing machines.

Therefore, current state-of-the-art paperboard and corrugated board is also a component used in building construction as one of several layers in boards and composites. There have also been repeated attempts to increase the proportion of corrugated cardboard in building construction, which has hitherto been very low in percentage terms, and not only to use the material as one of several layers, but also to form essential components of walls and roofs therefrom.

So describes eg US 4,346,541 , Schmitt a board for walls and ceilings, which consists of multi-folded corrugated board, whose cavities are foamed with polyurethane. Outwardly is the Corrugated cardboard coated with a plastic film and is provided with this weather protection for exterior walls and for roofs. A major disadvantage of this design, however, is that the corrugated board is folded several times. The folding causes the corrugated layers of the corrugated board to be compressed in the kinks along the fold lines, which reduces the insulating effect of the corrugated board. Another disadvantage is that at the folds numerous fibers are either themselves broken or released from the bond with the adjacent fibers, further weakening the material. Last but not least for strengthening these areas of corrugated cardboard, which are considerably weakened by folding and kinking, are in US 4,346,541 the cavities are foamed with polyurethane.

US 6,557,308 Snell describes small one-storey houses made entirely of corrugated cardboard. For the production of the positive form of a house, consisting of floor, walls and roof is placed in one piece around this form several layers of corrugated cardboard are wound and glued together. By bonding the individual layers creates a quasi one-piece construction of floors, walls and roofs, but without ceilings. The key disadvantage is that a very bulky part is created, which can be transported because of its large cavity only with disproportionate effort. The max. possible heights, widths and lengths limit the dimensions of the houses produced by this method. Larger houses must be created with appropriate forms on site, for which correspondingly gigantic forms and required cranes are required. A major disadvantage of this principle, however, is that arise after this process on both sides of open hollow body whose efficient and permanent connection remains unanswered. Unspecified is also the creation of the gable walls.

As a further alternative, the folding of the resulting hollow body is described by scoring and folding in places with a very narrow radius of curvature. By this folding, however, the corrugated board - as previously explained - significantly weakened. The subsequent folding back into the original shape weakens the joint further, so that it becomes a predetermined breaking point.

On the current state of the art is the application NL 1013438 , Snel golf carton, corrugated board elements, which are glued together from three equally sized, rectangular sections. In this case, the middle section is shifted in a diagonal direction relative to the upper and the lower section, so that several of these elements can be assembled in a plug-like manner. The disadvantage is that as a backup against tensile forces no other method is called as bonding. The uniform application of an adhesive layer, however, is almost impossible because during the insertion movement, the touching surfaces of the corrugated board slide on each other and thereby shift the amount of adhesive, which is not controllable from the outside.

Another very significant disadvantage is that in this way only very large-sized corrugated board sections are to be created. As a "corner joint" a quarter-circle corrugated cardboard section is proposed, which must be provided with plate-compatible connectors. The disadvantage is that this special part can only be produced in complex processes at high costs. Another disadvantage is that it is the orientation of two, connected via "corner" walls is fixed, so always on the site a be special orientation of the plates is required, which increases the processing time. The corrugated cardboard column makes it impossible to use in multi-storey buildings.

The European patent application EP 1 522 647 presents a combination of a corrugated board section with a gypsum board to be used as a wall in buildings. The disadvantage is that there are no indications for the connection of these plates to walls and space enclosing cubes.

The publication DE 1 907 683 , Dorothea Wolf, introduces a slab for building construction consisting of corrugated board layers with a coating of glass fiber reinforced polyester resin on all outer sides. For the connection of these wall elements with statically supporting columns, the invention proposes that on the front side a U-profile is incorporated, which is dimensioned so that it comprises the carrier like a pincers. In this case, the carrier should also serve as a connection interface to the adjacent plate, which also includes the carrier from the other side like a pincers, so that the visible to the outside seam between two abutting plates is always there, where a carrier has been established.

A disadvantage of this system is that a connection of adjacent plates without a carrier is not proposed. Likewise, no specific corner solution is presented, but given to the ingenuity of the user, as he is to connect two plates at an angle of 90 ° with each other.

Another major disadvantage is that when building a wall, the wall panels can not be fitted into an already standing support system, since they include the carrier on all sides. One Construction is only possible in that in alternating order a wallboard, then a carrier and then again a wallboard is used. This sequence requires in comparison to the previous and rehearsed sequence in drywall a complete restructuring of the workflow and the necessary auxiliary equipment.

Against this background, the invention has the task of developing a structural element, which consists mainly of corrugated board and is also suitable for multi-storey building construction, can be produced on existing machines can be shipped with the usual means of transport and with the In drywall conventional tools can be installed in a short time and thus allows the production of cost-effective and energy-efficient, recyclable buildings.

As a solution, the invention presents a wall in which between numerous vertical supports and / or horizontal bars of wood, metal or concrete, numerous plates are fitted and the end edges of the plates are at least partially formed as a plate connector, which is connectable to similar plates and as a is brought in edge recess, which is reinforced by a reinforcing element, which is glued to the leaves, screwed, riveted, clamped or pressed and made of wood or wood-based material or metal or concrete slabs or ceramic plates or plastic elements and the edge recess is formed by at least two adjacent plates complementary to an elongated connecting strip, which fills with one half of the recess of each plate and at the same time serves as a connecting element.

An important feature of the invention is therefore that the plate-shaped components for walls, floors, ceilings, roofs, stairs and other additions and additions of a building construction consist almost exclusively of pulp, the so - as known in principle for corrugated board - from several, one above the other layered and glued together leaves. It is max. each second leaf profiled and either in the form of a wavy line or in the form of a meander, which arise by continuous bending of a strip and that in turn followed by two rightward bends again two leftward bends and then again two right-hand bends The angle preferably lies in the range of 90 degrees, but in principle can take any value greater than 0 and less than 180 degrees.

The decisive advance of the pulp composite elements according to the invention over the prior art is the connection of one pulp composite element to the next.

For the assembly and shipping of inventive composite pulp elements, it is a significant advantage that the panel connector function of the edge region is not only formed as a notch or groove, but is additionally reinforced by stiffening elements. These stiffeners can be glued, bolted, riveted, clamped or pressed with the leaves. As a material for the reinforcing elements wood or wood material or metal or concrete or ceramic or plastic is provided.

It is thereby achieved that for the assembly of the pulp composite elements no corrugated cardboard typical methods and connecting materials such as gluing, plugging or folding must be applied, but adapted to the material of the supports and bars method by matching the material of the supports and bars also the reinforcing elements at the edge of the pulp composite elements to be fitted therein consist of the same material or at least of a compatible material.

If e.g. Support and bolt are made of wood, then the reinforcing elements can be made of wood. Then, the wooden reinforcements of the pulp composite element can be connected to the wooden supports and bars of the building, as is customary in the construction of wooden houses and prefabricated houses and what the processing companies are also set, With such wood edge reinforcements, a composite element according to the invention can be installed as well , as could happen with conventional plate elements in drywall, eg by screwing, nailing or stapling. In this way, of course, reinforcements made of metal or plastic can be efficiently combined with wooden beams and wooden bars.

Concrete supports and baffles can be effectively connected to reinforcements of pulp composite elements, which also consist of concrete. To metal supports fit metal reinforcements of the pulp composite elements.

It is an interesting embodiment that the reinforcing elements are formed as U-shaped frame, the legs facing inward and engage in both sides along the edge arranged recesses of the plate. If these edge strips are connected together to form a stable frame, they also allow the transmission of tensile forces through the plate. Alternatively or additionally, the reinforcing elements can be glued to the end edges of the leaves or be connected by screws, staples or other metal elements which extend transversely through the leaves.

The U-shaped stiffener on the edge of the plate must be so narrow that opposite the outer surface still remains a paragraph that is filled with a connecting strip and with its other half over the shoulder of the remaining plate sticking out. In one embodiment, he can complete both notches flush.

From the packaging technology, as well as from the previously known state of the art for the application of corrugated board in building construction are used to connect Wellpappstücken, especially in corner joints, parts of the corrugated cardboard and connected to the next element of corrugated cardboard, usually by gluing, but z.T. also with additional, other fasteners.

It is - as already mentioned in the prior art - a serious disadvantage that reduces the thickness of the corrugated board by bending or bending and thereby their capacity is reduced and another, significant disadvantage that created by the profiled sheets cavity in his Volume is reduced, which reduces the thermal insulation and that even too sharp angling even individual sheets are touched, whereby adjacent cavities are interconnected, resulting in an increase in the air exchange between these cavities and thus leads to a significant reduction in thermal insulation.

For the person skilled in the art, the bending or bending of the layers also used in most other applications is obvious and therefore so widespread.

In contrast, the decisive advantage of the pulp composite elements according to the invention is that it is not necessary to angled or kinked some layers or the entire board to join the boards. Although the principle of the invention does not exclude that as a variant, for example, small tabs are formed, which are angled as mounting aid and inserted into corresponding slots of the adjacent plate. However, unlike most other pulp-containing devices, the invention is by no means reliant on it.

An important feature of the invention is that a panel connector is integrated directly into the end edges, with which the bending or bending of the layers can be avoided, thus successfully eliminating the weakening of load carrying capacity and insulation caused by bending.

The panel connector is to be matched to the orientation of the sheets in the composite pulp elements according to the invention. Several types of orientation of the leaves are conceivable:

The invention prefers alignment of the sheets parallel to the outer surface of the plates. One advantage is that it passes through all the sheets from the panel connector at one edge to the opposite panel connector at the other side, whereby the panel is loaded with far higher compressive and tensile forces than when the blades are perpendicular to the outer surface.

A further advantage is that the open end faces of the profiled sheets are aligned only in the region of the plate connections and are covered there by the plate connection or by the adjacent plate.

In principle, it is also conceivable that the leaves of a composite pulp element according to the invention are oriented perpendicular to the outer surface. One advantage is that such elements can be relatively easily formed into domed elements, even on the job site. However, a limitation is that then on the outer surface of the cavities of the profiled sheets are visible and must be covered with another layer. In addition, the stability of the composite element is less than parallel to the outer surface extending leaves.

In the sense of the greatest possible stability, ie equal loadability in every point, the wave crests and wave troughs of the wavy profiled leaves should have an approximately equal width. It is also advantageous if they run parallel to each other. The same applies to the lines of bending of meandering profiled leaves, the meandering shape advantageously not being formed by multiple kinking of a completely flat cardboard surface at the beginning, but is already formed in the production of the meandering profile in the still moving mass of pulp fibers and bonding material, so that after hardening no fibers are broken or detached from the bonding adhesive even in the angles.

For wall elements, which should also take over supporting functions, as for example with walls, it makes sense that the wavy lines of the profiled layers are aligned in the direction of greatest force, ie perpendicular to walls.

It can be applications such as Covering slabs of greater span, where the best bearing capacity is achieved when the orientation of the wave crests of a profiled layer alternate from one another layer by layer, so that the wavy lines of the adjacent layers intersect. For rectangular plates, a crossing angle of 90 degrees is close.

The preferred shape of a composite pulp element is likely to be the rectangle in practice, because this results in the most possible combinations and because the vast majority of all equipment of buildings and all materials for construction are tailored to rectangular shapes.

As already explained, it is a significant advantage of the composite pulp elements according to the invention that they contain numerous, very small cavities over their cross-section. Up to a certain limit, the smaller the number of cavities and the greater the number of cavities over a given cross-section, the more thermally insulating effect of a slab improves. A further increase in the insulating effect can be achieved in that as many of the profiled sheets are provided on at least one side with a heat-reflecting coating, such as an aluminum foil. In addition to reducing the heat exchange due to convection by means of the numerous small cavities, thereby also the heat transfer is further blocked by radiation.

Pulp is in principle not water-soluble and therefore well suited for use as a building material. By the adhesive for bonding the individual adhesive fibers and by appropriate additives and / or corresponding coatings of the fibers and / or the sheets and / or the components, they can be flame-retardant or hardly combustible and / or moisture-repellent or water-resistant and / or fungi-inhibiting (fungicide) and / or unfavorable to termites and / or biodegradable and / or electrically conductive.

Another useful reinforcement is a layer of net-like or textile material. When this layer is disposed on the outer surface or near the outer surface, it increases the resistance of the outer surface. In one embodiment, the filaments of this layer can be guided into the panel connector and connected to the panel connector. This configuration further increases the tensile strength of the plate.

When the network of wires is braided and when these wires are led into the panel connection and connected there to the wires of the adjacent composite pulp member, considerable tensile forces can also be absorbed by the whole structure. As a further reinforcement, it is conceivable to build intermediate layers of metal. These metal surfaces can be used as electrical shielding of the interior space when they are connected to similar metal surfaces in adjacent plates. Alternatively, it is also conceivable to connect only the metal layers of a few, selected elements with one another and to form in this way receiving antennas, which are tunable in their properties to the frequency to be received. If the metal layers are very strong and the connection of the metal surfaces is very strong, such as by a screw, the resulting structure can withstand very high forces.

Alternatively, the intervening interlayers may contain additional functionalities, such as e.g. Take over heating or cooling.

Depending on the desired structure of the wall, a vapor barrier film may be useful as an intermediate layer.

In principle, it is readily possible for a cellulose composite element according to the invention to introduce an intermediate layer of any other material. Metal, gypsum, fiber-reinforced gypsum, concrete, fiber-reinforced concrete, aerated concrete, plastic, clay, wood or wood-based material or plaster base with plaster are mentioned. The thickness of the layer, the positioning of this layer either near the inner wall or in the middle or near the outer wall and the selection of the intermediate material depends on the overall concept of the building and its physical design.

Another interesting alternative is to fill some cavities of one or more profiled layers with sand. As a result, the sound-insulating effect of the element is further enhanced, the ratio between the weight increase and the achieved sound attenuation is particularly favorable, because a significant proportion of the energy contained in the sound pressure is intercepted by friction of the sand grains moved by the sound to each other.

As another alternative, some cavities of at least one profiled layer may be filled with an insulating material, thereby increasing the thermal resistance of the device and hence the insulating ability.

Another advantageous option is an air- and / or waterproof film surrounding the entire composite pulp element. As a result, not only the component itself is protected against moisture or aggressive gases, but it can also be at least partially evacuated inside the cavities, whereby the insulating ability of the element is significantly increased. Alternatively, within the surrounding film, some cavities may also be filled with a gas, whereby the insulating properties can be improved compared to an air filling.

Even if only air is present in the cavities within the film envelope, the separating film allows this air to be dried prior to introduction, so that little or no condensation forms in the interior, even with temperature fluctuations.

Another useful option is the introduction of voids or cavities for installation piping that can supply power, water, gas, air and more. Also conceivable are elements that contain openings for doors, windows, passages or other installations. It is possible to incorporate these elements already in the production and to mount on the site only in the house together with the inventive composite pulp. Doors, windows, pass-through, flaps, switch boxes, heating elements, cooling elements, lighting fixtures, Electric switches, sanitary elements or wall cabinets.

As already described, it is an essential feature of the composite pulp boards according to the invention that a suitable board connector is integrated, which is introduced as a peripheral recess. Such a depression can be introduced into a plate by means of material removing operations, such as cutting or milling. It is more interesting, however, to form the depression by constructing the plate from leaves of different sizes, because then no waste is created.

A particularly interesting design of the edge connectors, coordinated with the structure of the board according to the invention, is to omit the profiling of some layers in the edge region, as a result of which the cross section becomes smaller in the edge region. It turns out that the following on a profiled layer layer in the edge region is stepped down on the non-profiled area down.

These stairs can of course be formed by bending the respective sheet twice. Because, however, the sheet is somewhat weakened in the folds, it is even more advantageous to introduce this paragraph immediately in the production of the still soft sheet. This results in an approximately trough-shaped part whose angled areas are just as stable as the flat areas.

In this case, the edge-side depression can be formed not only as a notch, but also as a groove.

In any case, two adjacent plates each have a recess which is filled with a connecting strip as a third element again - in one embodiment, even flush - which projects in each case to a half in a plate or rests on a notch. This creates components whose connection is designed as a tongue and groove. Such a type of connection is also possible in the exclusive use of identical plates, in which in each case opposite edges are formed complementary to each other and can be assembled like a building block in this way.

As the shape of the plate is - as already mentioned, a rectangle closest, because it allows very different combinations. Also conceivable, however, are hexagonal plates that are placed together like honeycombs. Regular hexagons whose front edges occupy an angle of less than 90 degrees to the outer surface, are particularly well suited for the construction of polygonal domes or domes. Plates shaped as a regular octagon require squares with the edge length of the octagon as another element to fill in the gaps.

In principle, curved outer lines for the contour of the plates are also possible, wherein expediently mutually opposite outer lines must be complementary to each other, so that all elements can be placed without joints together.

A pulp composite element according to the invention may be provided on its outer surface and / or its inner surface as weather protection and / or as a decoration and / or as a reinforcement with a variety of materials and materials. Are mentioned trapezoidal sheet metal, other metal sheets, shingles, roof panels, concrete slabs, ceramic tiles, wall tiles, plastic sheets, plastic elements, gypsum boards, wood panels, floor coverings, solar panels, relief embossing, wallpaper, decorative films, layers of paint and / or applied plaster on plaster.

It is also conceivable that in the interior of the composite cellulose element, a cavity is present, which either remains empty or is filled with another insulating and / or reinforcing material.

As an addition to the pulp composite elements according to the invention elements of wood or wood-based material have been mentioned. These elements can be formed in a particularly lightweight and at the same time very stable alternative of three layers of wood, of which a first layer is undulating and with the wave crests a second, flat layer of wood is connected and connected to the back of the troughs a third flat layer of wood, so that numerous cavities form between the wood layers. These wood elements are therefore constructed similar to the layers of the composite pulp element, but consist of much thicker layers. Therefore, they are also more resilient. This is counteracted by an increased effort, in particular for the shaping of the middle, undulating layer.

As tools for this method, rollers or punches with a wavy surface are suitable. At high temperature and / or high humidity, they form a wooden plate undulating. Thereafter, the corrugated plate must be cooled and dried and then can be glued with flat wood panels, for example. Pulp composite elements according to the invention are universally applicable in building construction for walls, facing shells, pre-walls, roofs, ceilings, floors, stairs, partitions and other sheet-like elements.

For the connection of several panels to a wall, it is a particularly interesting embodiment variant of the pulp composite elements, if the individual plates are provided at the entire edge with a circumferential, rectangular notch, which can be filled with complementarily shaped connecting strip. These connecting strips are preferably twice as wide as the peripherally encircling notches. As a result, they can be inserted into the two notches of two adjacent plates. If the depth of the indentation corresponds to the strength of the connecting strips, the outer surface of the connecting strips is flush with the outer surface of the plates. The result is a flat outer surface of the wall, within which the plates are tensile and pressure-resistant connected by the connecting strips together.

As a material for the connecting strips lends itself to wood or a wood material. Although the reinforcing elements in the region of the plate connectors are formed of the same material, the connecting strip can be screwed and / or adhesively bonded to the reinforcing elements effectively. Also conceivable are nails, staples or connecting plates, which have numerous, notched on both sides, triangular sheet metal tips which are pressed in the manner of a nail between reinforcing element and connecting strip.

A wall according to the invention has vertical supports and / or horizontal bars made of wood, metal or concrete, are fitted between the plates according to the invention. For roofs, pulp composite elements can carry all loads up to certain spans without additional support structure.

There are even ceilings lesser span, such. B. over corridors conceivable from pulp composite elements according to the invention. In this case, an increase in the load capacity can be achieved in that the cross section of the ceiling is formed like a vault, i. in the middle of the ceiling has a smaller cross-section than outward. For this application ceiling elements are conceivable, which have a trapezoidal cross section, so that the ceiling forms a flat surface at its upper edge, but the lower edge is formed polygonal.

If the blankets are to span larger spans, panels according to the invention or entire composite pulp panels can be placed between or on the floor joists.

Even stair treads are possible, which, if they are of sufficient thickness, consist exclusively of composite pulp material. Again, the individual steps can be formed as trapezoidal in cross section elements. Alternatively, it is conceivable to connect rectangular plates to L-shaped components, which form the tread surface and the front edge of a step. These elements can be inserted on both sides in wall elements. Alternatively, they can also be placed on inclined beams as a support or inserted between them. For stairs of greater width, it may be useful to support the pulp composite elements according to the invention by additional, running transversely to the direction of the stairs support.

Figur 1:

Perspektivische Darstellung einer geschnittenen Platte

Figur 2:

Vollständige Darstellung der in Figur 1 geschnittenen Platte

Figur 3:

Schnitt durch eine Decke-Wandverbindung mit den in Figur 1 und Figur 2 gezeigten Platten

In the following, further details and features of the invention will be explained in more detail by way of examples. However, these are not intended to limit the invention, but only to explain. It shows in a schematic representation:

FIG. 1:

Perspective view of a cut plate

FIG. 2:

Full illustration of in FIG. 1 sliced plate

FIG. 3:

Cut through a ceiling wall joint with the in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 shown plates

The FIG. 1 As part of a pulp composite element according to the invention, it comprises a plate 1. In this variant, it consists of corrugated sheets 2 which are aligned crosswise to one another and which are glued to each other with a flat sheet 2 as an intermediate layer.

This in FIG. 1 shown embodiment has a total of seven profiled sheets 2, which are profiled wavy here. Since they are aligned crosswise to each other, you can see in the cutting plane of FIG. 1 a total of three profiled leaves 2.

Adjacent to the two outer surfaces 11 of the plate 1 is ever a further, profiled layer can be seen. Their cavities 3 can still be seen at the edge of the outer surface 11 of the ready-to-install plate 1. Later they will - as in FIG. 3 shown - still covered by the side edge of a connecting plate 6.

In the embodiment of FIG. 1 is shown as a plate connector 4 of the plate 1 a peripheral peripheral, rectangular notch. This notch is so deep that a profiled sheet 2 is visible to the outside. In the edge-side notch reinforcing elements 5 are inserted parallel to the outer surface 11 and glued. Between these two reinforcing elements 5, a third reinforcing element 5 is inserted and at least glued, but preferably pinned and / or screwed.

As a material for the reinforcing elements wood or a wood material is preferred, since it has been proven for the dry construction of buildings for centuries and therefore there is a very rich spectrum of experience and tools.

In FIG. 1 is clearly visible that the volume of a plate 1 according to the invention consists of a very large number of rod-shaped cavities 3, which extend between the wave crests and the troughs of the profiled sheets 2.

In FIG. 1 It is clear that in the cross-section of a plate - already in this, very simple construction example - from the outside inwards already seven separate cavities must be overcome, which plausibility of a very good insulation effect.

In FIG. 2 is the in FIG. 1 shown plate 1 drawn as a complete component. FIG. 2 makes it clear that the plate 1 is cuboid shaped in this example. All arranged in the outer circumferential groove reinforcing elements 5 are connected to the four pieces arranged on the front side, further reinforcing elements 5 to a U-shaped frame, along all four edges the plate 1 rotates. On the surfaces of the plate 1 protrudes as a smaller cuboid ever a further layer of a wave-shaped profiled sheet 2 with a flat outer surface 11 out.

In the embodiment of FIG. 2 the peripheral edge notch is half filled with the reinforcing elements 5. In FIG. 2 will be understood that these reinforcing elements 5 should be particularly intimately connected to the leaves 2.

FIG. 2 However, it can also be made clear that with a very strong connection of the here used, a total of twelve pieces reinforcing elements 5 and the tensile strength of the plate connector 4 is high, since tensile forces acting on one side on a reinforcing element 5, on the two adjacent, U- shaped reinforcing elements 5 are forwarded to the applied side of the opposite reinforcing element 5 and exerts exclusively pressure forces on the inside of the plate 1 arranged corrugated cardboard elements.

In FIG. 3 is drawn as the in FIG. 1 and 2 featured panels 1 to walls and ceilings completed and interconnected. FIG. 3 shows two horizontal plates 1, of which the rear one is cut at a corner and thereby shows the 7 layers of profiled sheets 2 containing numerous cavities 3. The two interconnected plates 1 in the wall of the upper floor together form a pulp composite element.

As a wall for both floors are already three pieces of plates 1 installed, of which the two front are shown cut, so that their internal structure is visible. The lower, vertical plate 1 carries on its upper front side as a ceiling a horizontally arranged Plate 1, which rests with its downwardly facing and parallel to the outer surface 11 reinforcing element 5 on the edge-side reinforcing element 5 of the vertical plate 1. Towards the top she wears two more panels 1, which form a composite pulp element for the wall of the upper floor.

FIG. 3 shows that the facing away from the viewer, the outwardly facing part of the plate connector 4 of the lower, vertical plate 1 forms a surface which is flush with the front edge of the horizontally mounted plates 11, which in turn with the surface within the plate connector 4 of the two plates 1 of Upper floor is aligned.

Due to the aligned planes of the edge strips 4 of the lower plates 1 with the upper plates 1 and the front edge of the panels used as a ceiling 1 creates a horizontal notch on the outside of the building, which will be filled with a particularly wide connecting strip 6, the FIG. 3 still drawn at a distance from the notch.

In FIG. 3 are entered in the wall of the upper floor two vertical connecting strips 6, of which the left is already connected to the two, marked plates 1 and the right connecting strip 6 rests with only one half on the plate connector 4 of the plate 1; the other half of the connecting strip 6 is still waiting for the next, subsequent plate. 1

In the base area of the wall of the upper floor, a plurality of very narrow connecting strips 6 can be seen, which cover the area of the horizontal panel connectors 4 not yet covered by the panels 1 used as a ceiling and complete them into a flat wall.

Following the same principle as the wall is also the ceiling in FIG. 3 built up. There are a total of 3 pieces horizontally arranged connecting strips 6 can be seen in the ceiling, of which the two right-hand cut are shown. At the very front drawn connecting strip 6 can be seen that it is screwed into the rectangular groove at the front edge of the (ceiling) plates 11. He is there screwed into the parallel reinforcing element 5 and protrudes forward over.

Below the front, horizontal connecting strip 6 forms, together with the vertical end edge of the plate 1 and the top of the ceiling beam 7, a large groove into which the next, adjacent plate 1 is inserted and screwed.

The ceiling beam 7 is shown in this embodiment in a very powerful embodiment. It is conceivable that it is replaced by vertically arranged narrow wooden elements, which then carry the load of the horizontally arranged plates 1.

In FIG. 3 is shown as a variant for the T-shaped connection of plates 1 according to the invention that between two aligned, but spaced-apart plates 1, a further, third plate 1 is interposed. This form of T-shaped connection is particularly suitable for the integration of ceilings in walls. However, it is also possible to connect three hitting walls in this way.

In FIG. 3 is not shown that such a connection by directly abutting, aligned plates and a third plate 1 connected to its front side can be formed.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Plate of several layers 2

11

Outer surface of the plate 1

2

Leaves, form the layers of the plate 1

3

Cavity, in plate 1

4

Plate connector, part of the plate 1, which serves for connection to an adjacent plate 1

5

Reinforcement element in the plate connector 4

6

Connecting strip, connects two adjacent plates. 1

7

Ceiling joists, carries two adjacent plates 1 as a ceiling plate

Claims (16)

1. Composite cellulose element for the dry construction of walls, ceilings and floors of buildings, which consists of thick panels (1) of a cellulose-containing material with cavities (3) enclosed therein; in which

   - each panel (1) consists of several layers of sheets (2) or thin plates cemented together of which several ones feature the profile of a wave or a meander and form numerous cavities (3) within this profile and

   - several panels (1) are combinable with one another,
   characterised in that

   - numerous panels (1) are fitted between the vertical props and / or horizontal bolts of wood, metal or concrete and

   - the front edges of the panels (1) are at least partly formed as a panel connector(4)

   - which is combinable with similar panels (1) and

   - which is holed out as a recess at the rim side,

   - which is reinforced by a reinforcing element (5)

   - which is cemented, screwed, riveted, cramped or grouted together with the sheets and

   - which consists of wood or a wood composite or of metal or of concrete slabs or of ceramic tiles or of plastic elements, and

   - the rim side recess is formed of at least two abutting panels (1) complementing an elongate connecting plate (6) which each time fills up half of the recess of each panel (1) and serves as a connecting element at the same time.
2. Composite cellulose element in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that the reinforcing elements (5) are formed as a U-shaped frame.
3. Composite cellulose element in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the sheets (2)

   - are profile-free and basically form a plane or slightly curved surface whose radius of curvature constitutes a multiple of the thickness of the panel (1) and / or

   - are aligned approximately parallel to the outer surface (11) of the panels (1) and / or

   - are aligned approximately vertically to the outer surface (12) and / or

   - have a wavelike or meander-shaped profiling in which

   - at least the majority of wave crests and troughs or the fold lines within a panel (1)

   - run parallel to one another or

   - are deviated alternately against one another from layer to layer, for instance, by approximately 90 degrees against one another, and

   - are provided at least on one side with a heat-reflective coating and / or are

   - flame-retardant or

   - non-combustible and / or

   - moisture-repellent or

   - water-resistant and / or

   - antifungal (fungicidal) and / or

   - termite-repellent and / or

   - biodegradable and / or

   - electric / conductive.
4. Composite cellulose element in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least in one panel (1) one layer

   - consists of a net-like or textile material, in which

   - the filaments of the net or the textile can be connected to the panel connector (4) and these connections can withstand tensile loads and

   - the filaments can be of metal and / or at least one layer

   - is a vapour-blocking foil and / or consists

   - of metal and / or - of plaster and / or

   - of fibre-reinforced plaster and / or

   - of concrete and / or

   - of fibre-reinforced concrete and / or

   - of porous concrete and / or - of plastics and / or - of clay and / or

   - of wood and / or

   - of a wood composite and / or

   - of a plaster base with plaster.
5. Composite cellulose element in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least in one panel (1) the cavities (3) of least one profiled layer are for the most part

   - filled with sand or

   - filled up with an insulating material or

   - at least partly evacuated or

   - at least partly filled with a gas or

   - at least partly filled with dried air.
6. Composite cellulose element in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it contains

   - empty conduits or cavities for installation cables throughout or

   - openings for doors, windows or hatches or other fittings or

   - at least one complete door or window or hatch or flap or switch box or heating element or cooling element or lighting gear or electric switch or sanitary element or wall cupboard.
7. Composite cellulose element in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that the rim side recess is

   - formed by the omission of profiling of some sheets (2) in the rim area and the uninterrupted continuance of all sheets (2) into the rim area and / or

   - formed as a circumferential groove and / or

   - formed in complement to the rim area of another, similar or equal panel (1) with a fold jutting out over the front edge.
8. Composite cellulose element in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one panel 1 is provided with a rim side recess at half of its edges and provided at the other half of its edges with a fold or tongue jutting out over the front edge in complement to the recess.
9. Composite cellulose element in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the composite cellulose element is provided at least at one outer face with

   - troughed sheets or

   - other metal sheets or

   - shingles or

   - roof elements or

   - concrete slabs or

   - ceramic tiles or - wall tiles or

   - plastic plates or

   - plastic elements or

   - plasterboards or

   - wood plates or

   - floor coverings or - solar elements or

   - relief embossings or

   - wallpapers or

   - decorative foils or- colour coats or

   - plaster bases with plaster and / or

   - at least one panel 1 is surrounded on all sides by an airproof and waterproof foil.
10. Composite cellulose element in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the composite cellulose element features inside at least one very large cavity (3).
11. Use of composite cellulose elements in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterised in that out of several panels (1) connected to one another,

    - a wall and / or

    - a facing formwork for a wall and / or

    - a roof and / or

    - a ceiling and / or

    - a floor and / or

    - a flight of stairs

    is formed.
12. Wall, containing composite cellulose elements in accordance with one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the connecting plates (6) are flush with the outer surfaces (11) of the panels (1) into whose panel connector (4) they are inlaid.
13. Wall, containing composite cellulose elements in accordance with one of claims 1 to 10 and claim 12, characterised in that the wooden bolts consist of at least three layers, of which a first layer is wavelike, and a second, even wooden layer is connected to the wave crests, and a third, even wooden layer is connected to the back side of the wave crests, so that numerous cavities form between the wooden layers.
14. Roof, containing composite cellulose elements in accordance with one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that numerous panels (1) are mounted between or on the rafters.
15. Ceiling, containing composite cellulose elements in accordance with one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that numerous panels (1) are mounted between or onto the ceiling joists (7).
16. Flight of stairs, containing composite cellulose elements in accordance with one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that several panels (1), connected to one another in pairs into an L-shaped structural element, are mounted between or onto the girders of the stairs, serving as treads.

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