DE102013009519A1 - formwork system - Google Patents

Abstract

Based on this state of the art, the invention is based on the objective task of presenting a formwork system for the construction industry, as well as a method for the production of formwork modules which, compared to the state of the art, has potential for improvement in the areas of system structure, site organization and assembly times. The invention is particularly applicable in the construction industry for creating walls.

Description

The invention relates to a formwork system for the construction industry, and a method for the production of formwork elements according to the preambles of claims 1 and 8, as well as the use of these formwork elements for the construction of walls in building construction.

The construction industry is subject to constant change, as developments in the various building materials, as well as the changing requirements or specification requirements (eg thermal insulation, environmental requirements) on the building materials, shape the working methodology locally on the construction site. In addition to the cost factor of the different building materials, the handling of the different building materials also plays a very decisive role, since in the meantime the wages in the construction industry decisively influence the overall construction costs (represent a not inconsiderable factor).

General information on the state of the art and its development steps:
The masonry as such is probably the oldest and the most widely used technology for the construction of all interior and exterior walls. Over the centuries, this technology has developed so much that it has little in common with the original. There are now several different components on the market that differ from each other in terms of material and dimensions.

Thus, the respective technologies have different physical properties. The construction times are different. As a rule of thumb, the larger the stones the shorter the construction time. Often, labor costs can be saved, although the costs of the necessary construction equipment (eg cranes) must be taken into account.

Meanwhile, the "biological factor" or the sustainability of the building materials used increasingly plays a role in the choice of the building material used, or is taken into account in the decision significantly, especially the KS stones as a very "healthy" material for the future building users are considered.

In addition to the conventional masonry also reinforced concrete is considered the method of choice. Reinforced concrete has been known since the middle of the 19th century, and has been continually developed and is thus constantly gaining in importance. At the moment it is the most used and often irreplaceable building technology. Thanks to the use of iron bars (reinforcement), many static advantages were achieved. Thus, the structures can be created today as so-called mullion-transom constructions, so almost without walls. One of the great advantages of reinforced concrete structures is the fact that reinforced concrete can be used to make highly resilient and very robust structures (eg load-bearing ceilings / ceiling constructions).

The next development step was the use of reinforced concrete to create prefabricated parts (eg stairs), so that the construction time on site is often primarily limited to mere assembly.

However, the use of reinforced concrete also has disadvantages compared to conventionally created masonry. As disadvantages in this case, for example, the increased effort can be cited, especially in the preparation of the reinforcement, as well as the majority of operations (shells, reinforcement, pouring, waiting, stripping, concrete maintenance), which are currently in use with the state of the art Working materials (eg reinforced concrete) or auxiliary materials (eg formwork systems) can not be reduced.

Another major drawback is the iron reinforcement of the walls and ceilings, which function as a radiator (antenna) in the later phase of use and are thus associated with a worse "quality of life". For this reason, reinforced concrete in housing construction is reduced to the bare essentials.

Whereas there are almost no alternatives to reinforced concrete in foundations, floor slabs, floor slabs and bridges.

As an innovative further development or as a very intelligent alternative to the conventional construction technologies, the so-called "lost formwork" or the shell concrete technology should be mentioned. This shell concrete technology is also known by other names, as they are referred to by the manufacturers.

In the following, this technology will be explained in more detail with reference to three examples, or by way of example based on three known manufacturer products.

The term "Thermomur" is also known as an energy-saving, highly rational and cost-effective monolithic solid construction system using Thermomur shuttering elements consisting of EPS rigid foam. Thermomur is a very smart alternative to the conventional technologies for builders who want to build houses with their own hands. The idea is based on the principle of stackable building bricks, which are individually stacked, for example, then filled with filler to a load-bearing core / a load-bearing wall.

The difference to the conventional design is that this is done with the Termodur elements only an outer formwork and the final load-bearing wall is later poured with concrete, the reinforcement in this system can be reduced to a minimum (individual bars).

As a disadvantage of this technology can be considered that in the finished state, an interior wall covering of styrofoam / styrofoam-like material (about 5 cm) is replaced, which greatly degrades their functionality and flexibility (the surface is not very resilient). In addition, the use of internal insulation from a building physics point of view is not without controversy, since the walls can never properly dry out or can not "breathe".

Another and older technology is known as "Velox", which has been continually improved, so it can be considered one of the best "lost formwork" technology today. The principle has remained the same, with the difference that here wood pressure plates (natural building materials) are used.

In this system / concept, the outer and inner formwork are delivered separately, but built almost simultaneously. Conceptually arises here an additional effort, in particular also because when assembling the elements, they must be connected by means of small wire anchors. As before, composite panels can also be used in this system, so that the outer walls are already insulated after completion.

With regard to quality, there are no aspects that can be challenged in terms of building physics. Likewise, there is no internal insulation. However, the wood panels are also not particularly sustainable.

A disadvantage of this technology can be considered that relatively many steps are required with an associated expenditure of time, and thus increases the risk that errors occur during assembly / processing.

Another technology is known as Iso-Span, which at first glance seems to be the best. It combines the advantages of the Thermomur system (inner and outer shell in one stone - ie a few working steps) with the advantages of the Velox system (natural building materials). The construction elements look like stackable stones, whereby the walls can also "breathe" ("breathe" in the sense that the walls are vapor-diffusible).

Depending on the type of different systems, or when choosing the different available building materials, it should also be noted that good thermal insulation is ensured, which often requires the use of polystyrene (wood material also insulates, but not as well as polystyrene). is.

Failure to follow certain rules, or when using different building materials with different thermal conductivities, there is the danger of the formation of so-called cold bridges. The emergence of cold bridges, however, is always regarded as a problem case from the point of view of building physics, since a cold bridge causes the wall to be colder in partial areas, which as a rule leads to water vapor condensation in these areas and ultimately favors the development of fungal infestation.

With the development of building materials and the use of new construction technologies, building has become relatively easy. Although you still need a specialist for the necessary reinforcements and a concrete pump and vibrator for compacting the concrete, but almost all other work can be done by the builders themselves.

Depending on the type of different systems, they have tongue and groove or not. If these have no tongue and groove systems, more care must be taken during the assembly of the individual components, the installation effort is more time consuming.

The use of larger prefabricated components in order to ultimately obtain fewer "crossing points" is in clear contradiction of the simple transportability of prefabricated components, as well as the desire to use as possible only standardize component size.

As a further disadvantage of the individual building technologies can be considered as mentioned above, that depending on the technology relatively many steps with an associated time required, and thus increases the risk that errors occur during assembly / processing.

Since the shell concrete technologies have certain advantages over traditional construction technology is It is only a matter of time until the old technologies are replaced by one of the newer technologies step by step, where it is necessary to eliminate the aforementioned disadvantages as best as possible, or to improve accordingly.

From the prior art further generic prefabricated formwork modules / formwork elements (so-called "lost formwork") are known and described.

From the Scriptures DE 20 2007 005 701 U1 is a formwork element with a wrapped by a foil lattice known, in which the film connects the individual grid mats and at the same time acts as a hinge or hinge, so that the grid mats are angled against each other.

A disadvantage of this technique can be considered that in the area of the "hinges" in the deployed state, a relatively large unevenness arises, which ultimately reflects as a large depression in the finished wall and a corresponding post-processing needed to ultimately obtain a flat planar wall surface , Another problem with this technology should be considered that the stability of the formwork can only be exposed to a limited load capacity and may have to be supported / supported during the Ausgiesen of the gap, if necessary, with another surrounding auxiliary formwork.

From the Scriptures DE 691 26 601 T2 a collapsible prefabricated formwork module for molding vertical concrete walls is known, in which the respective prefabricated formwork modules have two opposite facing panels, as well as a number of connecting elements located between the connecting panels, wherein the collapsible prefabricated formwork for storage and transport require a reduced space requirement, and before Location by extension of the connecting elements, the first and the second cladding panel in transverse and longitudinal alignment with each other and at a distance separate to the full extent of the connecting elements during assembly at the construction site to bring the Fertigschalungsmodule in position.

A disadvantage of this technique can be considered that the structural design of a collapsible prefabricated formwork module is relatively expensive, and in the manufacturing process relatively many individual components must be processed, and on site at the construction site relatively many steps for assembly are required.

Based on this prior art, the invention has the objective of presenting a formwork system for the construction industry, and to present a method for the production of formwork modules, which reduces the above-mentioned disadvantages, or compared to the prior art, an improvement potential in the areas System structure, site organization and installation times has.

This object is achieved in that a formwork system according to the preamble of claim 1 also has its characterizing features, and a method according to the preamble of claims 8 and 9 and its characterizing features, and the use of the formwork system according to the invention for the construction of building parts, in particular of walls in the construction industry.

Advantageous developments of the formwork system according to the invention for the construction industry are shown in the subclaims, wherein combinations of the individual claim characteristics are possible with each other.

The novel formwork system is based on the skeleton construction technology that is already used in drywall systems today. The main components of the new formwork system are steel or aluminum profiles and finished construction panels. Cement-bonded boards are preferably used here, which are reinforced on both sides with a fabric mesh (eg Aquapanel by Knauf). One side of the plate advantageously has a finished level surface. The essential difference to conventional known plates is that the plates of the novel formwork system are foldable, and thus are much more compact in the transport state, as well as can be transported and stored much easier.

All dimensions given below are to be understood as exemplary dimensions, even if they are not explicitly stated as examples. Rather, the dimensions serve to facilitate understanding of the inventive concept of the formwork system by way of example. Other dimensions are of course also possible, or included in the scope of protection.

The U-shaped (double-L-shaped) aluminum profiles / steel profiles are already bolted to the plates in advance, or secured by suitable means. To a plate here are only from one of the two sides (at the "back") attached the profiles at a distance of, for example, 60 cm. The length of the profiles here is equal to the height of the plates, but these are fixed with, for example, 30 mm offset, so that a kind of tongue and groove system arises. Each additional Layer can be pushed on the lower and attached to it.

For example, a plate has a dimension of 90 cm x 125 cm, which means that an element is 90 cm high and 125 cm long (in the finished / unfolded state). Thus, 3 rows of components / formwork modules according to the invention are required one above the other to create a wall with standard height of 270 cm.

The plates are cut at a distance of, for example, 70 mm alternately from behind and from the front (the "inside" and from the "outside"), without in each case the fabric web located on the opposite side is cut through. Then the plates are pushed together like a kind of accordion ("compressed"), whereby the remaining on the opposite side remaining intact tissue mesh doing a hinge function. For the non-load-bearing walls (d = 90 mm), the elements are provided with a second plate and thus delivered as "finished product". For the supporting walls (d = 150 mm), two elements including profiles are preferably riveted together in the factory. A collapsed module then has a width of about 33 cm in this example ( 9c ) and height of 90 cm, the depth being dependent on the wall thickness. In this example about 8.5 cm or about 17.5 cm.

In such a compact state, the individual formwork modules of the formwork system are delivered to the site, which is relatively simple and inexpensive to accomplish by the compact form of transport.

The construction or assembly on site at the site is again very easy and can be easily performed by an individual (modules "unfold"), what this person as a tool essentially requires a water cart.

Below is a list of the main materials and components:
As profiles aluminum profiles are preferably used, as they are already used in drywall or are known, the side wings are preferably always 40 mm long. The possible preferable widths start at 50 mm and go in 25 mm increments up to a width of 150 mm. Although all possible widths may be used in the novel formwork system, it should be noted that the profile width is matched to the blank (alternating cuts) of the panels, or matches accordingly. In this example, 40 × 75 mm profiles were selected because these dimensions match the plates that are alternately cut at a distance of 70 mm (as previously discussed).

With these profiles can thus a finished load-bearing wall of two module sets (see principle according to 9a & 9b ) of 150 mm plus 2 × plate thickness (12.5 mm) are produced, with wider profiles and correspondingly adapted plate blank (strip width) and other wall thicknesses can be achieved.

Since the system is also suitable for non-load-bearing walls, they can be built with the same profile (40 × 75 mm). For this purpose, however, only one module set is needed and an additional plate (preferably a plate without cuts). This wall would have a thickness of 90 mm, consisting of 75 mm (filled with insulation), plus two plate thicknesses.

The plates used are preferably cement-bonded plates of 12.5 mm thickness. Cement is a natural material suitable for steam diffusion, so that there are no concerns from a building physics point of view. The panels are reinforced on both sides with a fabric mesh and can thus be used both indoors and outdoors. In a preferred embodiment, one side of the plates is finished leveled, so that after completion, the resulting walls are almost finished and can be directly papered.

The cement-bonded panels have a great deal of physical and static advantages (load-bearing capacity) compared to standard plasterboard, which makes them the ideal formwork material.

As filling material, of course, concrete can be used, as it is already well known in the construction industry today and is indispensable, but the use of concrete usually requires that the walls must be partially reinforced with iron bars, but what is known Reasons (radiation and radiation) but should be avoided.

Another advantage is the simplicity in the installation of the novel formwork system to name as the individual shuttering modules / elements can be easily mounted by a person because of their compact design and handy size. In a preferred embodiment, the individual formwork modules are configured or matched to one another such that, after their unfolding and composition, the wall size automatically results, as provided for by the plan / planned by the architect. A post-processing or cutting the formwork modules on site at the site is therefore largely no longer required.

During assembly itself, the individual wall axes must first be measured and marked on the existing base plate as preliminary work. In the next step, a sheet steel profile in the width of the profiles of the wall formwork is needed, in this example, 75 mm. It must not be an aluminum profile because it serves as a "starter" and guide for the wall system, and must therefore identify a corresponding rigidity. The profile is now aligned very accurately by means of a spirit level or equivalent means, optionally with the aid of washers, and then fixed to the base plate (eg by means of dowels). In the next step, suitable angles are fixed at the beginning of the profile, which serve to ensure that later displacement of the individual wall profiles is reliably prevented. This step is no longer necessary when creating the other walls, since the other profiles can be attached to the already created walls.

For the load-bearing walls, which have a total thickness of 150 mm, of course, two profiles are needed, or a profile which fills over the corresponding width. The horizontal starter profiles are exactly below the vertical "standing" wall profiles.

To set up the first formwork module / formwork element, the profile of the first wall formwork is pushed up to the angles and thus held. The formwork element can now be deployed by pulling apart. The starter profiles serve as guide rails, whereby due to the overlapping of the plates on the lower profiles, the whole system is held together and can not fall over. After 125 cm (adjusted to the length of the formwork module to be introduced) located in the lower profile, a buckle / Rasthacken where the last vertical profile is anchored and held so that the element can no longer contract, or thus remains in the unfolded state. As an intermediate step, a steel frame profile is then placed / pushed from above, so that the construction obtains an additional stiffening, this patch / deferred profile also simultaneously forms the function of the guide rail for the next elements of the overlying formwork elements. The frame profile additionally forms a substructure for the stiffening of the elements in the other direction (wall thickness), inter alia always in the middle between two profiles still a plastic dowel is inserted, which is performed by the openings in the frame profile and the outer shells during the Holding backfill together. Before Ausgiesen the gap between the spaced arranged shuttering modules, the installation of the elements should be checked again for correctness / controlled whether the shuttering modules are exactly in the Lot and corrected if necessary deviations. Thus, the first formwork modules are fixed and theoretically could be poured out already.

The construction of the first row is carried out such that after the installation of the first element, further elements are introduced in the first row, in analogy to the first formwork module. However, this further work is a few steps simpler, since the first formwork module is already aligned and aligned, and the next formwork module with the first formwork module only connected accordingly (2 rivets per profile) and pulled / unfolded, with corresponding cuts in lower profile for a stiffening at the base serve as well as other patch frame profiles in the upper area an additional stiffener.

In the same way all other profiles or formwork elements of the first row are mounted, whereby possibly window and door openings are ignored for the first time. It is recommended that during assembly, you check again and again whether the formwork is still in order.

In the further assembly of the formwork elements, the second, third and optionally further rows of the wall formwork, mounted analogously to the previous description. Again, the first element / formwork module is started again, with this again a little more attention should be paid. Other elements / formwork modules are carried out analogously to the method with the first row, with any possible door and the wall openings remain unnoticed for the time being.

After completion of the complete wall formwork and before the backfilling of the walls, preferably all wall openings should be cut out. It is also possible to lay a complete electrical installation in the formwork elements (before backfilling the walls). All so-called flush-mounted boxes as well as cables or conduits can be placed in the wall. This procedure is already known from the drywall system and could now also be used for load-bearing walls.

In this case, the openings are first to measure and mark the intended openings accordingly to the wall surface. If possible, the openings should, if possible, be adapted to the existing slits of the panels (70 mm pitch in this example). The cutting is then done with a kind of jigsaw, with Note that this is suitable for both cement and steel profiles (or according to the materials used, if different). Subsequently, the openings thus created are closed with special Leibungselementen.

The Leibungselemente consist (analogous to the wall) preferably in turn of one or two U-profiles made of aluminum and a cement-bonded plate as a surface. The individual elements have a width or depth of 9 cm or 17 cm, and are thus adapted to the later wall thickness. For installation, the Leibungselemente be inserted into the soffit (wall thickness) and fastened from both sides with screws. These reveal elements are usually used for doors and / or windows for the lateral connections and for windows also for the lower connections.

For the formation of the upper connections, such as the so-called falls, basically the same principle is used, with the difference that the aluminum profiles are replaced by thicker steel sheet profiles d = 2 mm. These profiles are also on each side about 15 cm longer than the opening / s, so that they can distribute the forces on the walls accordingly. The resulting falls are very stable and can better take over the weight of the overlying wall filling, as well as better dissipate the forces.

After all the supporting walls (one floor) of the building have been set up / mounted in their final position, they could be filled with the filling material up to the upper edge of the last shuttering module in the next work step.

As a next step, the ceiling can be shuttered and poured out after only 2 days. For this purpose, any known technology such as in-situ concrete, or as an alternative wooden beams or various finished parts can be used. As a formwork material for ceiling noise here also inventive novel formwork system can be used by instead of a double-sided vertical formwork one-sided horizontal formwork (supported with a temporary auxiliary formwork according to the prior art, until the concrete has cured) is mounted and poured with concrete.

As one of the last steps a fine grinding is planned, because the surface of the plates was already filled from the factory and quasi finished. Only the majority of the small slots (about 1 mm) have to be finally filled. For frictional bonding of the individual joints, or the strips of strips, a special joint adhesive is recommended. The surface is now finished and can be glued with tiles. For the surfaces that are only to be painted, we recommend a spatula with glass fabric.

As filling material for filling the walls, as already discussed above, both reinforced concrete or a similar suitably suitable material can be used, wherein the choice is preferably based on the type of wall to be created. Thus, for example, in the basement area, a concrete is preferred as filling material, whereas in the living area, in particular in non-load-bearing walls, a filling material is to be preferred according to "healthy building biology criteria". Depending on the requirements of the degree of thermal insulation of the masonry, if appropriate, appropriate heat-insulating elements can be added to the filler in addition.

As a formwork module (the terms "formwork modules" / "Module / e" / "Module Set" / "Element / e" / "formwork element / e" are to be regarded by the linguistic usage as a synonym) is in the light of the invention, a single plate, preferably a cement-bonded plate, which is reinforced on both sides with a fabric mesh, and is foldable to understand. As previously discussed, the foldability is made possible by the intersecting cutting - from the inside and outside without cutting through the fabric web on the opposite side - of the individual panels, so that the individual panels are pushed together or unfolded like a kind of accordion can, with the remaining on the opposite side remaining intact fabric mesh doing a hinge function takes over. As an assembly aid, the plates or formwork modules are provided with profiles, which are preferably already attached from the factory.

The above-discussed two-sided reinforcement of the panels with a fabric mesh is advantageously carried out over a large area, alternatively (especially in an alternative manufacturing method) also a partial reinforcement on both sides of the plates is possible, especially when first introduced the cuts in the individual plates be, and in a further step then the individual faces are alternately reinforced in the interface / the "future" abutting edges with a fabric network. Under mutually is to be understood here that in the state which later corresponds to the "unfolded" state on each side always the second cut (one cut is skipped) is reinforced, in each case the omitted on the one side cut, according to the opposite side of the resulting total plate surface is reinforced, in the end again to obtain an arrangement that can be folded / folded like a kind of accordion.

The formwork system according to the invention for the construction industry is characterized in that it has at least a plurality of individual formwork modules and profiles, wherein the individual formwork modules can be formed by a corresponding arrangement to a wall, and the individual formwork modules are part of the finished wall in Baufertigzustand, and further that the individual formwork modules are foldable, the individual formwork modules for assembly after their deployment in the final state form and / or in their remaining position to bring, and the individual formwork modules are reinforced on both sides with a fabric network.

The individual formwork modules (shuttering elements) are in the novel formwork system according to the invention preferably - apart from any special special sizes - executed as a common part / realized.

The individual profiles are profiles, which - preferably already ex works - are mounted as an assembly aid to the plates or formwork modules, and the aforementioned, required for the installation starter profiles and frame profiles.

The formwork system according to the invention for the construction industry is further characterized by the fact that the individual formwork modules form the outer side / s of a wall after their unfolding.

The formwork system according to the invention for the construction industry is further characterized by the fact that the individual formwork modules are to be arranged spaced, and the forming intermediate area (a) is pourable with curable building material, wherein the individual formwork modules after pouring the intermediate area, the two outer sides of a wall and / or form the underside of a ceiling after pouring out.

The formwork system according to the invention for the construction industry is further characterized by the fact that the individual shuttering modules have at least on one side a finished filled surface.

The formwork system according to the invention for the construction industry is further characterized by the fact that the individual formwork modules are alternately cut from the inside and from the outside (a plate from the back and from the front) without the respective remaining woven fabric mesh being cut through.

The formwork system according to the invention for the construction industry is further characterized by the fact that each remaining opposite non-intersected fabric mesh acts as a hinge function.

The formwork system according to the invention for the construction industry is further characterized by the fact that the distance of the alternately introduced from the inside and from the outside cuts the width of the intended and to be mounted U-profiles is adjusted.

The formwork system according to the invention for the construction industry is further characterized by the fact that in the folded state, the majority of the individual partial surfaces of a shuttering module by about +/- 90 degrees (ideally +/- 90 degrees) are rotated relative to the orientation in the unfolded state.

Furthermore, the invention comprises a method for the production of walls in the construction industry by means of the formwork system according to the invention, wherein the walls are composed of several individual formwork modules by the individual formwork modules are formed by a corresponding arrangement to a wall and / or ceiling, and the individual formwork modules remain as a component in the finished wall and / or ceiling in Baufertigzustand by this the individual formwork modules are foldable and unfolded are brought into position, the individual formwork modules are brought after their unfolding in the final state form and / or in its remaining position, and the individual shuttering modules are reinforced on both sides with a fabric mesh during manufacture.

Furthermore, the invention comprises a method for the production of formwork modules, in which the individual formwork modules of plates, preferably made of cementitious boards, are produced, and the individual formwork modules are reinforced on both sides with a fabric mesh in the production, as well as the individual formwork modules alternately from the inside and be cut from the outside, without each of the remaining opposing tissue nets is cut here.

Furthermore, the invention comprises an alternative method for the production of formwork modules, in which the individual shuttering modules are made of plates, preferably cement bonded plates, in which the individual formwork modules are assembled in the production of cut strip-shaped faces, the strip-shaped faces in this case in alternation Way from behind and from the front (from "outside" and "inside" of the resulting Shuttering module) are partially reinforced with a Gewetztetzt, and are brought into a folded state for transport, wherein the folding takes place in such a way that the majority of the individual partial surfaces of a formwork module by about +/- 90 degrees (ideally +/- 90 Degrees) relative to the orientation in the deployed state.

Furthermore, the invention includes the use of the novel formwork system for the construction of building parts in the construction industry.

Further advantages or applications of the present invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the in the drawings / 1 to 10 illustrated embodiments, wherein combinations of the figures / the features are possible, or are included in the scope. It should be noted that the following figures are rough schematic representations which serve to illustrate the invention, wherein there is no claim to completeness, but essentially contains only the elements that are necessary to explain the invention.

In the description, in the claims, in the abstract and in the appended drawings, the terms and associated reference numerals used in the list of reference numerals recited below are used.

The invention will now be explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment with the aid of the figures, wherein in the figures primarily the principle representation is in the foreground, but no claim to scale is given (the dimensioning is not shown to scale in all respects). In the following, the same reference numerals can be used for functionally identical and / or identical elements. Show it:

The drawings show in

1 : A schematic representation of a formwork module, with the sections therein and the acting as a hinge fabric network.

2 : A schematic representation of a formwork module, in the perspective of a partial folding (to illustrate the folding properties).

3 : A schematic representation of a formwork module, in the perspective of the folded form (corresponds to the transport form).

4 : A schematic representation of a formwork module, in the perspective of the unfolded form (corresponds to the form of assembly / application form).

5 : A schematic representation of two formwork modules built on each other / on top of one another to create a wall surface.

6 : A schematic representation of two mutually arranged formwork modules, to create a wall, by pouring the intermediate area with hardenable building material.

7 : A schematic representation of a formwork module, with the cuts therein and acting as a hinge fabric mesh, which shows an alternative way of producing a formwork module.

8th : A schematic representation of a formwork module, with profiles attached to it, in the unfolded state, as well as in the partially or completely folded state form.

9 : A schematic representation of a formwork module, with the profiles thereon, as well as details of the profile embodiments.

10 : A schematic representation of two formwork modules arranged on top of each other, with details showing the assembly and the cohesion of the formwork modules.

The 1 shows a schematic representation of a formwork module ( 2 ), with the cuts therein (S) and the hinge ( 5.1 ) acting fabric network ( 5.0 ), the tissue network ( 5.0 ) is not explicitly highlighted. The principle representation here shows the novel formwork module according to the invention ( 2 ), which in this example consists of 8 subareas ( 2.1 ), or strip-shaped surfaces ( 2.1 ), the 8 faces ( 2.1 ) or strip-shaped surfaces ( 2.1 ) are held together alternately from the "front" and "back" with a fabric web (not shown), the fabric web ( 5.0 ) alternately from "front" and "back" a hinge function ( 5.1 ) in the transition region of the partial surfaces ( 2.1 ) perceives. Like from the 1 can also be seen, are also alternately from "front" and "back" cuts (S), which the original plate in corresponding sub-areas ( 2.1 ), but the cut separates the opposing fabric web ( 5.0 ) is not severed, which then the hinge function ( 5.1 ).

The 2 shows a schematic representation of a formwork module ( 2 ), in which case the novel formwork module ( 2 ) is shown in the perspective of a partial folding, which serves to clarify the folding properties. The 2 shows here same formwork module ( 2 ) like this in the 1 is shown, wherein this is in a state of partial folding. The 2 shows how the 8 faces ( 2.1 ) of the formwork module ( 2 ) at the transition points / joints with the hinged ( 5.1 ) Fabric web are held together or are connected, wherein the hinge function ( 5.1 ) alternately on the sides of the formwork module ( 2 ) acts. Like from the 2 can be further seen, the formwork module ( 2 ) in this way to fold like a kind of accordion.

The 3 shows a schematic representation of a formwork module ( 2 ), in the perspective of the folded form (corresponds to the transport form). The 3 shows the same formwork module ( 2 ) like this in the 1 and 2 is shown, wherein this is in a state of complete folding. This is an idealized representation, since, as the later figures still show, not all faces ( 2.1 ) are folded in the manner that the partial surfaces ( 2.1 ) with mounted profile ( 6 ) are usually not folded (therefore only the majority, as stated in the set of claims). The 3 shows how the 8 faces ( 2.1 ) of the formwork module ( 2 ) at the interfaces / joints with the hinge fabric ( 5.0 . 5.1 ) are held together, and the hinge function ( 5.1 ) alternately on the sides of the formwork module ( 2 ) acts.

From the 3 is the orientation of the individual faces ( 2.1 ) in the folded state of the formwork module ( 2 to see). Like from the 3 It can also be seen that the alignment of the partial surfaces ( 2.1 ) of the formwork module ( 2 ) in the folded state by about +/- 90 degrees (ideally +/- 90 degrees) relative to the orientation in the unfolded state rotated. The orientation in the unfolded state is in the 3 marked with x, whereby the partial surfaces ( 2.1 ) are in the folded state by +/- the angle (α) to the x direction.

The 4 shows a schematic representation of a formwork module ( 2 ), in the perspective of the unfolded form (corresponds to the mounting form / application form). Analogous to 1 , here is the formwork module ( 2 ) again from 8 partial surfaces ( 2.1 ), which in a manner not shown mutually with the acting as a hinge function tissue network ( 5.0 . 5.1 ) are connected (analogous to the 1 ).

The 5 shows a schematic representation of two mutually assembled / mounted formwork modules ( 2 ) like from the 4 known, for creating a wall surface.

The 6 shows a schematic representation of two mutually arranged novel formwork modules ( 2 ), for creating a wall, which by pouring the intermediate area ( 3 ) is formed with curable building material. Like from the 6 can be seen, the individual formwork modules ( 2 ) with an intermediate area ( 3 ) spaced at the distance (a) to each other. Like from the 6 It can also be seen that after gating the intermediate area ( 3 ) wall, a wall thickness ( 4 ) / Wall thickness ( 4 ) with the strength (d), which is defined by the distance (a) of the intermediate region ( 3 ) and the two plate thicknesses of the formwork modules ( 2 ).

The 7 shows a schematic representation of a formwork module ( 2 ), with the cuts therein and the hinged fabric web, which is an alternative way of producing a formwork module ( 2 ) shows. In this underlying manufacturing process, the individual faces ( 2.1 ) of the formwork module ( 2 ) cut out, for example, from a plate or a cuboid (as shown), and in a further step, the individual cut strip-shaped faces ( 2.1 ), wherein the strip-shaped partial surfaces ( 2.1 ) here in an alternating manner from the back and from the front partially with a woven fabric ( 5.0 ) are folded and brought into a folded state for the transport, wherein the folding takes place in such a way that the (majority of) individual partial surfaces ( 2.1 ) of a formwork module ( 2 ) are rotated about +/- 90 degrees (ideally +/- 90 degrees) from the unfolded orientation.

As it is from the 7 can be seen further, one obtains with this alternative manufacturing method as a result of a formwork module ( 2 ) with the same characteristics or technical characteristics as that already described in the description of 3 was discussed.

The 8th shows a schematic representation of a formwork module ( 2 ), with the profiles ( 6 ), in the deployed state ( 8a & 8b ), as well as in the 8c ) or completely ( 8d ) folded state form.

As from the part figure 8c can be seen (and already mentioned above), not all faces ( 2.1 ) folded during the folding process, but only the majority of the individual partial surfaces ( 2.1 ) of a formwork module ( 2 ), to which no profile ( 6 ) is mounted.

The 9 shows a schematic representation of a formwork module ( 2 ), with the profiles ( 6 ), as well as details of the embodiments of the profiles ( 6 ). The 9a shows here two formwork modules ( 2 ) with the profiles ( 6 ), which as in 9b shown to a wall area consisting of 2 formwork modules ( 2 ) can be joined together with two outer sides. Furthermore, from the 9b to see how the two profiles ( 6 ) by means of a riveted connection ( 7.1 ) were joined together.

Instead of a riveted connection as in 9b can be shown as in 9c shown a connection of two opposite formwork modules ( 2 ) can also be produced in the manner in which the profiles ( 6 ) of 2 opposite formwork modules engage behind each other ( 7.2 ). A riveted connection is not necessary in this case, because in the intermediate area ( 3 ) to be introduced filling the two opposing modules ( 2 ) pushes apart.

Like in the 9d can be further seen, the profiles ( 6 ), as well as the frame profiles, not shown ( 9.2 ), in an advantageous embodiment in the area of the back openings ( 8th ) exhibit. This has the advantage that the filling material to be felt from above does not have to be inserted row by row, but can be filled from the uppermost formwork module row and through the openings (FIG. 8th ) through to the lowest formwork row, this fills out. As a further advantage, it should be mentioned here that the wall regions formed by the individual superposed rows of formworks, as well as the formwork modules ( 2 ) wall parts, with each other have a better strength, since a connection of the partial wall areas through the openings ( 8th ) of profiles ( 6 ), and thus additionally stabilizes the resulting solid wall.

The 10a shows a schematic representation of two mutually arranged formwork modules ( 2 ), with details showing the assembly and cohesion of formwork modules ( 2 ) demonstrate.

From the section AB of 10a are two mutually arranged formwork module pairs ( 2 ) with the associated and the formwork modules ( 2 ) attached profiles ( 6 ), the profiles ( 6 ) in the middle region of the arrangement, each with two riveted joints ( 7.1 ) are connected.

Furthermore, from the 10a the starter profile ( 9.1 ), which is not shown in detail on the ground ( 10 ) is / is attached. The lowest formwork module pair is thereby placed on the starter profile ( 9.1 ), that the side surfaces of the starter profile ( 9.1 ) between the plate surface and the profile ( 6 ) of the formwork module ( 2 ) intervenes. Like from the 10 can be seen further, this principle is repeated at the junction between the individual formwork rows, here by a so-called frame profile ( 9.2 ) is introduced in an analogous manner, and provides the required stability. The frame profile ( 9.2 ) is designed here as a double-T profile. (The spaces are shown greatly enlarged in this figure, and serve only the principle representation).

The 10b shows similar to the 10a a schematic representation of two mutually arranged formwork modules ( 2 ), with details showing the assembly and cohesion of formwork modules ( 2 ) demonstrate.

Deviating from 10a are in the 10b the starter profile ( 9.1 ) as well as the frame profiles ( 9.2 ) narrower, the starter profile ( 9.1 ) as well as the frame profiles ( 9.2 ), the profiles ( 6 ) of formwork modules ( 2 ) engage in the inner region / on the side facing away from the plate profile side face / are in operative connection with these. The narrower embodiment of the starter profiles ( 9.1 ) and in particular the frame profiles ( 9.2 ) has opposite to a wide realization according to 10a the advantage that the filling of the space can be made easier with hardenable material, since the frame profiles ( 9.2 ) represent a lesser "horizontal obstacle".

Furthermore, from the 10b (top right) a symbolized side view of a frame profile ( 9.2 to see). Like from the 10b can be further seen, the frame profile ( 9.2 ) Slots, these slots being opposite the spacing of the profiles ( 6 ) on the plates ( 2 ), and thus from the profiles ( 6 ) can be made to achieve a fixing active connection.

The 10c shows similar to the 10a a schematic representation of two mutually arranged formwork modules ( 2 ), with details showing the assembly and cohesion of formwork modules ( 2 ) demonstrate.

Deviating from 10a are in the 10c the profiles ( 6 ) of formwork modules ( 2 ) with a "bulge" ( 6.1 ), in which the starter profile ( 9.1 ) as well as the frame profiles ( 9.2 ) intervene.

The 10d shows similar to the 10a a schematic representation of two mutually arranged formwork modules ( 2 ), with details showing the assembly and cohesion of formwork modules ( 2 ) demonstrate.

Deviating from 10a are in the 10d the profiles ( 6 ) of formwork modules ( 2 ) with an offset relative to the panels of the formwork modules ( 2 ) attached.

The 10d shows in detail as already stated above that the length of the profiles ( 6 ) in this case the height of the plates is the same, but these are fixed with, for example, 30 mm offset, so that a kind of tongue and groove system ( 2.2 ) arises. Starting with the starter profile ( 9.1 ) or with two starter profiles ( 9.1 ) which by means not shown on the bottom plate ( 10 ), each layer or subsequent layer of formwork modules ( 2 ) are inserted on the lower and attached to it.

The embodiment according to the 10d is to be regarded as a preferred embodiment, since in this variation predominantly or exclusively standard profiles already available on the market can be used. The embodiments of the 10a to 10c have over the embodiment 10d the advantage that the profiles ( 6 ) must have no offset relative to the plates, and thus can be realized slightly more compact in the transport form. Preferred are the profiles ( 6 ) slightly shorter than the boards of the formwork modules ( 2 ), so that the assembly of the intervening acting as a "tongue and groove system" frame profiles ( 9.2 ) can be done easily.

For the sake of completeness, it should be noted that the use of standard profiles and the need to match individual profile widths of profiles ( 6 . 9.1 . 9.2 ), as well as the ultimately resulting wall width, not all solution variants shown, such. B. 9c , are possible, since this would have an influence on the resulting wall thickness and would have to be compensated accordingly.

Of course, the individual profiles ( 6 . 9.1 . 9.2 ) in addition to the connection techniques shown by way of example, with other suitable bonding techniques, such. B. by means of screws, rivets, crimps, etc., are fixed against each other. The spaces are in the 10a to 10d shown greatly enlarged, and serve only the principle representation.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Formwork system for the construction industry

2

Formwork module / formwork modules / module / element / module set

2.1

Partial surfaces of a formwork module

2.2

"Tongue and groove" system

3

Intermediate area (a)

4

Wall thickness (d)

5.0

Remaining opposing fabric network

5.1

hinge function

6

Profile / U-shaped profile / double-L-shaped profile

6.1

"Forming" in the U-shaped profile

7.1

rivet

7.2

Interdependent connection of two profiles ( 6 )

8th

Opening / hole / notch on the back of the profile ( 6 )

9.1

Starter Profile

9.2

frame profile

10

baseplate

S

trimmed from the outside (truncated formwork module)

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 202007005701 U1 [0029]
• DE 69126601 T2 [0031]

Claims (10)

Formwork system ( 1 ) for the construction industry, a) comprising at least several individual shuttering modules ( 2 ) and profiles ( 6 . 9.1 . 9.2 ), b) the individual formwork modules ( 2 ) can be formed by a corresponding arrangement to a wall, c) and the individual formwork modules ( 2 ) are in the prefabricated construction part of the finished wall, characterized in that d) the individual formwork modules ( 2 ) are foldable, e) whereby the individual formwork modules ( 2 ) for assembly after their unfolding into their final state form and / or in their remaining position, f) and the individual formwork modules ( 2 ) on both sides with a fabric web ( 5.0 ) are reinforced. Formwork system ( 1 ) for the construction industry according to claim 1, characterized in that the individual formwork modules ( 2 ) after the unfolding of the outside / n form a wall. Formwork system ( 1 ) for the construction industry according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the individual formwork modules ( 2 ) are spaced apart, and the forming intermediate region (a) is pourable with curable building material, wherein the individual formwork modules ( 2 ) after pouring out the intermediate area (a) form the two outer sides of a wall. Formwork system ( 1 ) for the construction industry according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the individual formwork modules ( 2 ) are alternately cut from the inside and from the outside (S), without the remaining opposing fabric mesh ( 5.0 ) is intersected. Formwork system ( 1 ) for the construction industry according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the respective remaining opposite non-intersecting fabric web ( 5.0 ) as a hinge function ( 5.1 ) acts. Formwork system ( 1 ) for the construction industry according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in the folded state, the majority of the individual partial surfaces ( 2.1 ) of a formwork module ( 2 ) are rotated about +/- 90 degrees (ideally +/- 90 degrees) from the unfolded orientation. Formwork system ( 1 ) for the construction industry according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the distance of the alternately introduced from the inside and from the outside sections of the width of the intended and to be mounted U-profiles ( 6 ) is adjusted. Method for producing formwork modules ( 2 ), whereby the individual formwork modules ( 2 ) are made of plates, preferably of cement-bonded plates, characterized in that a) the individual formwork modules ( 2 ) in the production on both sides with a fabric network ( 5 ) and b) the individual formwork modules ( 2 ) are cut alternately from the inside and the outside (S), without the remaining opposing fabric mesh ( 5.0 ) is cut through here. Method for producing formwork modules ( 2 ), whereby the individual formwork modules ( 2 ) are made of plates, preferably of cement-bonded plates, characterized in that a) the individual formwork modules ( 2 ) in the production of cut strip-shaped partial surfaces ( 2.1 ), where b) the strip-shaped partial surfaces ( 2.1 ) here in an alternating manner from the back and from the front partially with a woven fabric ( 5.0 ), c) and are brought into a folded state for transport, d) wherein the folding takes place in such a way that the majority of the individual partial surfaces ( 2.1 ) of a formwork module ( 2 ) are rotated by about +/- 90 degrees (ideally +/- 90 degrees) from orientation in the deployed state. Use of a formwork system ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 7, and / or use of formwork modules ( 2 ) which were produced according to claims 8 or 9, for the construction of building parts in the construction industry.

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