EP2207621A1 - Kardanisches streichmesser - Google Patents
Kardanisches streichmesserInfo
- Publication number
- EP2207621A1 EP2207621A1 EP08800453A EP08800453A EP2207621A1 EP 2207621 A1 EP2207621 A1 EP 2207621A1 EP 08800453 A EP08800453 A EP 08800453A EP 08800453 A EP08800453 A EP 08800453A EP 2207621 A1 EP2207621 A1 EP 2207621A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- shearing
- shear
- drive shaft
- tool
- shear plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009470 Theobroma cacao Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 244000240602 cacao Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 244000299461 Theobroma cacao Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019219 chocolate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002048 anodisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000881 depressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
- B02C19/10—Mills in which a friction block is towed along the surface of a cylindrical or annular member
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G1/00—Cocoa; Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
- A23G1/04—Apparatus specially adapted for manufacture or treatment of cocoa or cocoa products
- A23G1/10—Mixing apparatus; Roller mills for preparing chocolate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/50—Mixing liquids with solids
- B01F23/53—Mixing liquids with solids using driven stirrers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/05—Stirrers
- B01F27/051—Stirrers characterised by their elements, materials or mechanical properties
- B01F27/052—Stirrers with replaceable wearing elements; Wearing elements therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/05—Stirrers
- B01F27/051—Stirrers characterised by their elements, materials or mechanical properties
- B01F27/054—Deformable stirrers, e.g. deformed by a centrifugal force applied during operation
- B01F27/0541—Deformable stirrers, e.g. deformed by a centrifugal force applied during operation with mechanical means to alter the position of the stirring elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/27—Mixers with stator-rotor systems, e.g. with intermeshing teeth or cylinders or having orifices
- B01F27/271—Mixers with stator-rotor systems, e.g. with intermeshing teeth or cylinders or having orifices with means for moving the materials to be mixed radially between the surfaces of the rotor and the stator
- B01F27/2712—Mixers with stator-rotor systems, e.g. with intermeshing teeth or cylinders or having orifices with means for moving the materials to be mixed radially between the surfaces of the rotor and the stator provided with ribs, ridges or grooves on one surface
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/60—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis
- B01F27/625—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis the receptacle being divided into compartments, e.g. with porous divisions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/80—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis
- B01F27/805—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis wherein the stirrers or the receptacles are moved in order to bring them into operative position; Means for fixing the receptacle
- B01F27/806—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis wherein the stirrers or the receptacles are moved in order to bring them into operative position; Means for fixing the receptacle with vertical displacement of the stirrer, e.g. in combination with means for pivoting the stirrer about a vertical axis in order to co-operate with different receptacles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/80—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/81—Combinations of similar mixers, e.g. with rotary stirring devices in two or more receptacles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/80—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/81—Combinations of similar mixers, e.g. with rotary stirring devices in two or more receptacles
- B01F33/811—Combinations of similar mixers, e.g. with rotary stirring devices in two or more receptacles in two or more consecutive, i.e. successive, mixing receptacles or being consecutively arranged
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/90—Heating or cooling systems
- B01F35/95—Heating or cooling systems using heated or cooled stirrers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a processing device according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Such devices are used for dispersion layers in the electronics industry, for dye processing and for dispersions of solid particles in fat, so for example chocolates and chocolate-like masses.
- the processing involves grinding or comminution, but also rounding off the particles, homogenization, as well as the anodization or homogenization of the dispersion compounds.
- fine grinding means that at the end of a grinding process solid particles with a mean particle size of less than 20 ⁇ m are distributed in the liquid.Electron industry today even requires dispersions of solid particles in the nanometer range. The milling effect is used in most wet grinding processes (which of course The shearing forces are intended to tear and thus break up the individual grains.For liquid grinding, for example, stirred mills are also used in which the dispersion to be milled is sheared by moving balls.
- the invention has for its object to provide a machine of the type mentioned in such a way that it can be produced inexpensively and used in many ways and still produces the desired products in excellent quality with high efficiency. According to the invention, this is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1.
- the respective shear tool extends at an angle transverse to the axis of the drive shaft, that is, in the ideal case extends radially and is guided against a shear surface by rotation of the drive shaft to a shearing motion, wherein the respective shear tool is a substantially transverse to the axis of the drive shaft
- the friction - and thus the wear - over the length of the shearing edge or the radius of movement due to the radially outward continuously increasing peripheral speed is different.
- the respective shearing tool should be connected to the drive shaft via a universal joint, which allows an automatic adjustment of the optionally partially worn shear edge or shear surface to the coating surface, in particular in the interaction of all the heavy tool loading forces, such as the force of Loading device, which - together with the Kardstromrung - a three-point support of the heavy tool on the, a counterforce impacting layer of the mass to be machined, as will be explained later.
- This adaptation results in a well controllable way, especially when a loading device, in particular a spring, is provided, which approximately in the shear edge or near the shear edge against the shear surface loads, while the shear surface due to the universal joint on the one hand and the loading device on the other hand, forming a pull-in angle, oblique to the shear surface.
- the load device should and must exert the necessary pressure on the shear edge, and so strong that in the equilibrium state of the depressing force against the force of the back pressure of the mass of the desired large shear gap arises.
- the shearing tool is guided on the end opposite the universal joint, preferably radially outward, by means of a guide arrangement substantially perpendicular to the direction of rotation or parallel to the axis of the drive shaft.
- the universal joint is radially inward.
- the guide arrangement is preferably formed by an oblong hole on an arm protruding from the drive shaft, which can be configured differently.
- this guide arrangement the shear tool, in particular attached thereto, optionally cylindrical pin, in the direction of rotation with game, for example, by the width of the elongated hole is greater than the diameter of the pin, so that for tilting movements about the universal joint even at maximum deviation from the parallelism or maximum abrasion of the shearing edge enough leeway remains.
- the guide arrangement secures against the falling out of the universal joint from its joint socket.
- FIG. 1 A is a vertical section through a first embodiment of a processing machine according to the invention, to which
- Fig. 1B is a plan view and a section along the line B-B of FIG. 1A below
- Fig. 2 is a detail section along the line H-II of Fig. 1B;
- Fig. 3 is a view in the direction of the arrow III of Fig. 1 B;
- Fig. 4 is a detail section along the line IV-IV of Fig. 1 B; the
- Fig. 5, 7, 8 illustrate in several sections respectively along the line AA of Fig. 1B, the situation when shear and shear plate are parallel to each other (Fig. 5), in Figs. 7 and 8 each a situation with non-parallel position of this Parts, whereas the
- Fig. 6 shows the shear tool in axonometric view
- FIGS 9, 10 illustrate two alternative embodiments for a four-bar device, each arm carrying at least one shear tool according to the invention
- Fig. 11 A, 11 B show two other embodiments of a processing device according to the invention, of which
- Fig. 12 is a drawn in Fig. 1B section along the line XII-XII
- Fig. 13 is a drawn in Fig. 1B section along the line XIII-XIII
- Fig. 12 is a drawn in Fig. 1B section along the line XII-XII
- Fig. 13 is a drawn in Fig. 1B section along the line XIII-XIII
- Fig. 14 is a sectional view taken along the line XIV-XIV in Fig. 1B;
- Fig. 15 is a plan view of a variant of the shear plate, the in
- Fig. 16 in a section along the line XVI-XVI of Fig. 15 and in
- Fig. 17 is shown in a section along the line XVII-XVII of Fig. 15, whereas Fig. 18 is a section along the line XVIII-XVIII of Fig. 15 and the
- Fig. 19 is a perspective view of this shear plate, whereas the
- Shear plate in a similar perspective view shows; on the basis of the perspective view of the
- FIG. 21 is intended to explain the geometric and physical conditions of the cardanic mounting of a shearing tool
- Figs. 22a-c illustrate the principle of a shear arrangement as could be used in devices of Figs. 11A and 11B, but without a universal joint, in which Fig. 22a is a sectional view taken along line aa of the plan view of Figs. 22c and 22b is a section along the line bb of Fig. 22a; on the basis of the perspective view of
- Fig. 23 is the principle of the one-sided gimbal bearing of the heavy tool on the basis of a version with a substantially rectangular shear plate explained, which is mounted on a shortened arm by means of a ball joint;
- the 24 to 26 show the temperature control flow according to a particular embodiment in a shaft assembly according to the Fig. 11 A, wherein the Fig. 26 is approximately the upper part of Fig. 24, which is a section along the line XXIV-XXIV of FIG and Fig. 25 is a section along the line XXV-XXV of Fig. 24;
- Fig. 27 illustrates an axial section through another embodiment, to which
- Fig. 28 shows an enlarged detail of the relative position and arrangement of two axially spaced-apart shear units, whereas the
- a container 101 has a hopper 102, an upper cylindrical tube section 103 and a lower outlet section 104 with a discharge funnel. Between the upper tube portion 103 and the outlet portion 104, a shear plate 1 is inserted and by means of the flanges 105, 106 of the two sections 103 and 104 passing through, in Fig. 1A only dash-dotted lines indicated bolt 107 tightly screwed through corresponding holes (107a in Fig. 15 and 19, 20) protrude, with seals 108 are provided (see Fig .. 12-14).
- all sections of the container 101 are double-walled, in order to temper the mass located therein-generally a dispersion-via a gap-shaped space 109.
- tempering should be understood here as a generic term for a cooling or heating, because at the beginning of operation, so when the container 101 is still cold, it may be useful to heat the mass of a heating medium in the space 109, while at During operation, the resulting heat has to be dissipated via a cooling medium. If this is referred to as a gap-shaped space, it is understood that this design is different can be, for example with helical heating / cooling channels.
- the space 109 may serve the flow of a temperature control medium and be provided for this purpose with corresponding terminals 118 (only one is shown) for supply and removal of this medium.
- a shear arrangement cooperates, the one to a rotation in the direction of the arrow 16 about its geometrical axis 111a drivable drive shaft 111 and seen from the top view in the direction of the line BB arms 18a to 18d (in the illustrated embodiment, there are four; see also Fig. 1B) for fixing plate-shaped, substantially oblong rectangular shear tools 3 with shear surface 3c (Fig. 6) and shear edge 3d has.
- the shear plate 1 takes the axis 111a at an angle 131, which for manufacturing reasons or due to mounting tolerances of exact 90 ° - will differ within a tolerance specification (although not intended). The details of this shear tool and its storage in cooperation with the shear plate 1 will be discussed below.
- a dispersion such as, for example, a cocoa-containing dispersion in a fatty substance, is introduced through the top 102 of a container and passes by gravity and / or pumping into the region of the cutting tools 3 and the shear plate 1.
- the pumping can - as shown - several times done in a cycle.
- the shearing tools 3 occupy a predetermined angle 4 (Fig. 2) to the surface of the shear plate 1 and have a multiple effect:
- the machined mass can pull off.
- the shear plate 1 has at least one passage opening 112 for the machined mass, preferably a plurality of such openings 112, which are distributed over the surface of the shear plate 1, but preferably over the edge surface.
- Fig. 1A shows a pump 114 and a directional control valve 115, which can optionally be opened both to the line 113 and to the output line 116.
- a vent tube 117 may be provided outside the path of movement of the arms 18a to 18d (see FIGS. 1A and 1B), which allows when flowing out of the mass from the outlet section 104 or during the flow of ground from above a fuss promoting air pressure compensation takes place.
- the shearing tools 3 are supported and guided on the arms in a manner as discussed particularly with reference to FIGS. 2-8 and FIG. 23, respectively.
- the bearing is preferably on one side of the universal joint, in particular on the radially inner side, whereas the other side, in particular the radially outer side, has a loose guide with clearance.
- the game is expediently so great that the pin 10b can move freely in the amount of horizontal relative movement as a result of rotation of the shear tool 3 about its on the basis of FIG. 23 described spatial diagonal 33 '.
- This bearing and guide thus comprises a universal joint 10a on the radially inner, the shaft 111 facing side and - preferably - a height movement or lateral movement permitting guide 18 ', 119 for movement at least in the extent h of Fig. 1A, ie perpendicular to the direction of rotation 16 of the shaft 111 and parallel to its axis 111a.
- the height movement within the mass h is advantageously dimensioned so that at maximum deviation from the parallelism or at maximum possible or tolerable abrasion of the cutting tools 3, the cylindrical pin 10b the upper or lower limit of the slot 119 as far as possible not yet reached.
- the elongated hole 119 Since the universal joint 10a or 10a 'provided according to the invention permits movement on all sides, it is expedient for the elongated hole 119 to have a certain play relative to the journal 10b. In this case, the slot 119 should be so wide that the pin 10b guided therein permits a movement transversely to the extension direction of the elongated hole 119 upon tilting of the shearing tool (as described about the diagonal 33 'on the basis of FIG. 23).
- This guide arrangement 18 ', 119 is preferably located on the radially sweeter end of the arm, although a guide at the inner end (see stops 39') will be explained with reference to FIG. This can be done in any case - regardless of any uneven mass wear facing the shear plate 1 shear edge of the cutting tools 3 - an automatic adjustment and adjustment.
- the arms 18a to 18d extend above the shearing tools 3 and engage over their entire length, so that the shearing tools 3 at its other, preferably radially outer, end by means of an apparent from Fig. 1B end plate 18 'then secured against falling out is when the universal joint according to FIGS.
- the universal joint should also be formed by a cylindrical pin, but which is in a bearing hole, which is wide enough to allow the desired gimbal movement.
- the embodiment of the pin with a certain conicity according to FIGS. 5-8 has the advantage that the pin 10a can be easily inserted into its bearing hole and at the same time a stop in the horizontal direction radially inward, without the vertical movement or a hinder horizontal pivoting movement of the heavy tool 3.
- a ball and socket joint 10a 1 according to FIG. 23 either the arm 18a 'is divided in a horizontal plane (referring to FIG. 23) and passing through the ball joint socket (indicated by the dot-dash line in FIG. so that the ball joint 10a 'first in the lower part of the arm 18a' inserted and then the upper part above it, in any manner, for example by means of clamping screws, is attached.
- the arm has an insertion hole, in which also the ball 10a 'is inserted, and on the inside of this hole an expandable joint socket, for example made of plastic, which receives the ball 10a' under widening and then snap together elastically.
- Fig. 23 shows a preferred embodiment, although in a universal joint 10a 1 , which thus prevents a displacement radially outward itself, as is the case with the ball joint 10a ', an embodiment without the guide assembly (see .Low 119 in FIG 3) is possible at the outer end of the arms 18.
- Such a guide (a movement of the pin with the ball 10 a 'leading vertical slot style with clearance) can also be provided at the radially inner end, such as by two parallel stops or by an L-shaped angle iron.
- This L-shaped stop 39 'with at the rear downwardly guided leg and under the bearing pin for the heavy tool 3 extending horizontal leg can be seen in Fig. 23, which the one-sided storage of the shear plate 3 in a ball joint 10a' at a - compared to the previous embodiments - shortened arm 18a illustrated.
- the leadership has the task of limiting the per se possible free movement of heavy tools 3 in the direction of rotation, forward and possibly also down.
- the shear plate 3 Due to the one-sided storage of the substantially rectangular shear plate 3 at a location remote from the shear edge 3d location, the shear plate 3 assumes the position shown in solid lines, in which it rests with its end points 29 and 30 on the shear plate 1. Due to the load in the direction of arrow 6, however, the shear plate 3 is tilted around the space diagonal 33 and pressed into the dot-dashed position in which their shear edge 3d in a desired manner along a straight line 32 between their end points 29 and 31 abuts the coating surface 1 or along this line 32 limits a shearing gap 15 (see Fig. 21).
- the shearing tool 3 is composed of a support plate 3a and a wear plate 3b.
- the wear plate 3b can be connected in any manner with the support plate 3a, for example by means of a releasable holder, by gluing or the like. Accordingly, the wear plate 3b on the downwardly facing side has a shear surface 3c which terminates at a downwardly turned shear edge 3d.
- the storage of this cutting tool 3 takes place on one side in an approximately peg-shaped universal joint 10 a, which is arranged at a distance from the cutting edge 3d, wherein the universal joint preferably in a pin 10 b along a longitudinal axis O its continuation.
- This pin 10b is supported on the respective arm 18, as explained above, preferably so as to permit movement parallel to the axis of the drive shaft 111 (FIG. 1A), i.
- the accommodation and support of the elongated hole in the end plate 18 ' is the advantage of a shear tool 3 over its entire (radial) length cross-arm 18. It is advantageous if the width 11a (Fig. 3) of the slot 119 is so much greater than the diameter of the pin 10b that a possible swiveling tangential movement of the pin 10b is not hindered.
- This slightly swinging tangential movement can be created by rotation of a rectangular shear tool 3 about its diagonal 33 '(FIG. 23) in the event of a change in the distance of the heavy edge 3d or 3d' and the axis O to the shear plate 1.
- Ie 120 can be tempered, which are provided with corresponding connections, such as the one shown in Fig. 1A connection 121. This, together with the other temperature control measures, allows a relatively accurate maintenance of an optimum temperature of the mass, for which purpose optionally at least one temperature sensor (not shown) is connected to a corresponding temperature control loop.
- a loading device in particular a spring 6a (FIG. 4) is provided.
- this spring 6a (or some other load) lies approximately above the region of the shearing edge 3d or near this shearing edge 3d and loads it against the shear plate 1 via loading bolts 6c, while the shearing surface 3c of the heavy tool 3 is grounded of the universal joint 10a on the one hand and the loading device 6a on the other hand, forming a pull-in angle 4 (FIG. 2), runs obliquely to the shear plate 1.
- the through holes 112 are not shown for the convenience of illustration.
- the spring 6a is seated in each case in a spring housing 6b, and their pressure on the respective loading bolt 6c is optionally adjustable by means of an adjusting screw 122.
- the arrangement of the spring 6a, seen in the radial direction of the arm 18 and the underlying tool 3, is not critical. As can be seen from the arrow 6 of FIG. 21 or 23, a single loading device suffices per se.
- two such spring housings 6b are provided at a distance from one another per cutting tool 3, as is preferred. But it can also be distributed over the (radial) length of the cutting tool 3 more load devices of the same or different kind.
- the pin 10 a formed into a universal joint is accommodated in a bearing hole 10 b of an arm 18.
- the bearing hole 10b is preferably provided with a radius R permitting a clearance to facilitate the cardanic function at the inlet.
- the pin 10 a is just formed so that it can move and rotate in the bearing hole 10 b in all directions, in particular by rolling at the radius R, and thus exerts a Kardanfunktion.
- the above-mentioned longitudinal Slit 119 ( Figure 3) prevents the pin 10a and its associated shear tool 3 in the direction of movement of the arm 18 is able to move so strong that the pin 10a could fall out of the bearing hole 10b.
- this movement limitation could also be done in other ways, for example on the side of the pin 10a, be it by a ball head (FIG. 23) or possibly also by a pin 10a surrounding, eg dome-shaped, flange, in the direction of the axis O through a holding part is held.
- the gimbal axis O and the axis O 1 defined by the bearing hole 10b coincide, which is the case when the shear plate 1 is in an inclination to the shear edge 3d when two are opposite each other Arms 18 are at an angle of 90 ° transverse to the pitch axis, and provided that the shear plate 1 is still flat.
- the shear plate 1 which is preferably flat, but also within the scope of the invention, e.g. can be curved in the manner of a cylinder (similar to a conch trough is the case), is shown here simplified. On this shear plate 1 will therefore be a certain dispersion layer 2, which is to be processed. About this shear plate 1 and the dispersion layer 2 lying thereon, the shearing tool 3 sweeps with its shear edge 3d.
- DE-A-42 21 315 With regard to the principles of theological shear between dispersion layers, reference is made to DE-A-42 21 315. Of course, these principles also apply in the present case when it comes to shear.
- the shear tool 3 is shown as a simple plate, although it may take various forms per se, whereas the gimbal bearing pin 10a and the guide pin 10b are indicated only by dash-dotted lines. Since the shearing tool 3 is pressed against the shear plate 1 by the arm 18 (see, for example, FIGS. 5 and 7, 8) via the loading device 6 (see bolt 6c) over the entire (radially extending) length of its shearing edge 3d (cf. to this also Fig. 23) and on the other hand, the center of the gimbal bearing 10 at a predetermined distance 9 to the shear plate 1, the already mentioned angle of attack results 4.
- the shearing tool 3 of the shear plate 1 slightly lifting buoyancy force 8 will arise, which reduces the angle 4 slightly .
- the rotational speed 5 of the shear tool 3 together with the nip 7 and the physical properties of the material to be processed and the resulting state of equilibrium of the pressure forces 6 with the driving forces for the movement 66, as well as the gimbal bearing 10a retaining reaction forces, and the buoyancy forces 8 with the opposing forces of shear and back pressure 88 in the catchment room 2 under the cutting tool 3 ultimately determine the size of the shear gap 13 (distance 15 of the shear edge 3d of the shear plate 1).
- this shear gap 13 or the distance 15, which determines the processing fineness of the dispersion can be adjusted by the magnitude of the load 6 and preferably also vary. For all forces acting on the shearing tool 3 will ultimately be in a state of equilibrium with each other. For a grinding, this means that the maximum particle size of a dispersion to be milled after passing through the shear gap 13 is not greater than this itself.
- each shear tool 3 has been discussed essentially. However, this can be driven in various ways relative to the shear plate 1. Because the problem at stake here is the processing of a mass or dispersion, such as chocolate, paints, coating compounds or the like.
- the arms 18 may protrude from the shaft approximately radially from her. Of course, it is not necessarily a construction with arms 18, because the shearing tools 3, for example, stored on a plate above them and can be driven by this, which covers them fully or only partially.
- FIGS. 9 and 10 show two variants of the above-mentioned solution.
- the shaft 111 rotates in the clockwise direction in the direction of the arrow 16
- Angle - ⁇ are directed backwards, unfold a pumping action in the manner of a centrifugal pump.
- This pumping action can be exploited, for example, to accelerate the machined mass radially outwards into a discharge opening arranged there or several thereof, which also means that the residence time in the respective reaction space is shortened.
- the arms 18 may be directed radially outward at an angle + ⁇ forward to the direction of rotation 16 so as to counteract the centrifugal force and mass delayed to convey to the outside, ie to extend the residence time in the reaction space.
- FIG. 1A shows a machine 101 which is all in all specially designed for the intended purpose
- Figs. 11A and 11B show machines which are known in their basics as mixers but for processing the mass or dispersion with the invention Shearing tools are provided.
- 11A shows a dash-dotted line of a mixing vessel 101a, which is flanged on its upper side to a drive with a motor M and motor shaft Mw and a hollow shaft 111 'mounted parallel thereto and driven by V-belt K with a housing 126 on the vessel 101a.
- This shaft 111 ' rotates about a fixed axis 17 which on the upper side by means of the shape or wedge axis K1 and bolt 123 shown in detail in FIG.
- the device has two different pressure adjustment options, i.
- Via connections 125 temperature control means can be supplied to the intermediate space between the shaft 111 'and the axis 17 or separate channels.
- the advantage of this solution lies not least in the fact that the mixing vessel 101a - after unscrewing the housing 126 - can also be used for other tasks. It can also - on Position of the housing 101 a to be placed such that a plurality of mutually parallel shafts 111 or 111 ', for example, with different tools, such dissolver tools for dissolving larger particles or Agglomera- th, by a common motor or driven separately.
- FIG. 11B The situation is similar in the case of Fig. 11B, but instead of a fixed to the container 101 a drive housing 126 (Fig. 11A) is provided via a lifting piston 127 in a stand 128 raised and lowered housing 126 a, so that Container 101a, after lifting out of the tool assembly or shaving unit 1, 18 shown in detail in Fig. 24 from the container, rolled away and can be replaced by another container.
- the drive unit of FIG. 11B can be designed substantially exactly as shown for FIG. 11A or in FIG. 26.
- FIG. 12 shows an enlarged section along the line XII-XIII, which, however, also illustrates the connection 121 (FIG. 1A) and the tempering channel 120 together with the seals 108 in detail.
- a tempering 120 further seals 129 are provided.
- the shear plate 1 carries on its upper side a firing plate 1z, which, if desired, is easily replaceable after loosening the bolts 107.
- Fig. 13 shows the section along the line XII-XIII of Fig. 1B, but here one of the through holes 112 can be seen. As can be seen, the passage openings 112 are arranged so that no additional seal with respect to the tempering 120 is required.
- Fig. 14 illustrates the arrangement of the vent tube 117 in a section along the line XIV-XIV of Fig. 1B. Also, this vent tube 117, which establishes the connection of the space above the shear plate 1 and the space below, is arranged so that no additional seal against the tempering 120 is required.
- FIG. 15 to 19 show a variant of a shear plate 1 ', in which for additional processing, in particular a more intensive grinding, the shear plate 1' with sharp edges 19 (see Fig. 16, 18, 19), preferably sawtooth, to the surface of the shear plate V or an interchangeable firing plate 1z 'are provided.
- the shearing tools 3 see previous figures
- sudden up and down movements of the, preferably plate-shaped, shear tool 3 which - in addition to shearing - to a better grinding effect by additional smashing of the solid particles to lead. In this way, it may be possible to dispense with premilling coarser particles.
- FIG. 20 shows a perspective view of the already explained shear plate 1.
- FIGS. 22a to 22c show the theoretical case of a non-cardanic mounting of the shearing tools 3, which are each mounted here at their two ends, ie with per heavy tool 3 double-sided storage.
- Fig. 22c as may be the arrangement with two opposing arms and shearing tools (instead of four crosswise arranged arms corresponding to Fig. 1B), it should be noted here that with respect to the number of around the drive shaft 111 arranged shear tools per se, there is no restriction. For the sake of avoiding imbalance but it is expedient if the shearing tools are arranged at equal angular intervals around the shaft 111 and its axis 111 a.
- FIGS. 11A, 11B A version with a cooled shear plate 1a (see also FIGS. 11A, 11B) can be seen in FIGS.
- the arrangement and mounting of the shear tool 3 shown in FIG. 24 is the same as already described with reference to FIGS. 2-8.
- the drive shaft 111 ' mounted in a respective fixed bearing 28, 28' (Fig. 26), similarly as in Fig. 11A via a belt pulley 36 and the belt K driven, while in its hollow interior, the non-rotatable but advantageously axially displaceable , Double tube 17 (see also the connections 125 in Fig. 11A) is mounted, via which in the manner shown in Fig. 24 in the middle of a temperature control a supply channel 25 supplied and peripherally (see the arrows) is discharged from the temperature control 120 again. In this way, an intensive tempering and in particular a very effective removal of the resulting processing heat is possible.
- FIG. 27 shows a variant embodiment in the form of an extruder 101b, but in which, instead of an extruder screw, the shearing tools 3 mounted on one side in a cardan manner are provided on arms.
- the form shaft or splined shaft 111 is inserted in a driving sleeve 43 (FIGS. 28, 31) fixedly connected to the shear arm with a corresponding shape complementary to the external shape of the shaft 111", which expediently passes through an opening 111a "between continues the arms 18.
- the outer shape of the forming shaft 111 may be arbitrary per se, as known in the art, for example as a splined shaft.
- the arms 18 advantageously have a - in the direction of rotation - forward facing and against the shear tool 3 inclined surface 44, which thus on the one hand forms a streamlined profile in the mass to be processed, on the other hand, this mass against the deflects respective shear tool 3 out.
- the extruder housing 103a has a modular construction, wherein the individual modules are pressed together by clamping screws 37, which at the same time determines and generates the respective predicted force of the loading device (spring 6 in the spring housing 6b).
- the load is determined by the spring 6 respectively by the geometry or the length of the sleeves 43.
- a spreading device for adjusting the spring force between opposing sleeves see Fig. 28
- Each module comprises a temperature-controllable shear plate 1b and in between the housing 103a, which, as shown, is also tempered.
- the arms 18 are mounted axially displaceably on the drive shaft 111 '' with their sleeves 43, so that their free ends 130 abut against each other as shown in Fig. 28. In the uninstalled state, this defines the unloaded distance 131a (see Figs Distance 131 in Fig. 27) of the opposite shear edges 3d from the respective shear plate 1b (see Fig. 27, 28). 1b, 18 are located, advantageously temperable, intermediate plates 38, which force a deflection of the flow from the outside to (radially) inside.
- the mass to be processed passes through the supply line 113 in a to the right (as seen in Fig. 27) sealed in a manner not shown annular space 40 around the shaft 111 "and is then from the radially inner side, if necessary supported 9, directed radially outward, as shown by the arrows in Fig. 27.
- FIG. 29 illustrates in perspective view that embodiment with a full drive shaft 111 and the arms 18 as used in the embodiment of Figs. 1A, 1B
- Fig. 30 shows the hollow drive shaft 111 'which in the embodiment of Figs Figs. 11A and 11B is used.
- the invention can take on a wide variety of shapes, with only the gimbal bearing of the shearing tools 3 being of importance.
- These shearing tools 3 are preferably as rectangular as shown in Figs. 21 or 23, but other shapes are possible.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH16622007 | 2007-10-25 | ||
| PCT/CH2008/000407 WO2009052640A1 (de) | 2007-10-25 | 2008-10-02 | Kardanisches streichmesser |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2207621A1 true EP2207621A1 (de) | 2010-07-21 |
Family
ID=40076896
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08800453A Withdrawn EP2207621A1 (de) | 2007-10-25 | 2008-10-02 | Kardanisches streichmesser |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2207621A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2009052640A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2026825A (en) * | 1934-02-19 | 1936-01-07 | John H Dequer | Device for milling and separating ores |
| US2226825A (en) | 1939-09-14 | 1940-12-31 | Mcauley Charles Edward | Film reel |
| DE703473C (de) | 1939-09-27 | 1941-03-10 | I G Farbenindustrie Akt Ges | Reibmuehle |
| US3284059A (en) | 1965-03-18 | 1966-11-08 | Nat Eng Co | Mulling shoe mixer |
| FR2896586A1 (fr) | 2006-01-25 | 2007-07-27 | Pari Sa | Dispositif d'homogeneisation et de remplissage |
-
2008
- 2008-10-02 WO PCT/CH2008/000407 patent/WO2009052640A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2008-10-02 EP EP08800453A patent/EP2207621A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2009052640A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2009052640A1 (de) | 2009-04-30 |
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