EP2188493B1 - Roller drill or roller bit - Google Patents
Roller drill or roller bit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2188493B1 EP2188493B1 EP07818222A EP07818222A EP2188493B1 EP 2188493 B1 EP2188493 B1 EP 2188493B1 EP 07818222 A EP07818222 A EP 07818222A EP 07818222 A EP07818222 A EP 07818222A EP 2188493 B1 EP2188493 B1 EP 2188493B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cutting
- roller
- roller drill
- tool
- face
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
Links
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 24
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005552 hardfacing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C27/00—Machines which completely free the mineral from the seam
- E21C27/20—Mineral freed by means not involving slitting
- E21C27/32—Mineral freed by means not involving slitting by adjustable or non-adjustable planing means with or without loading arrangements
Definitions
- the invention relates to a roller drilling tool or a roller chisel for removing material such as rocks, minerals or the like.
- a roller drilling tool or a roller chisel for removing material such as rocks, minerals or the like.
- the undercutting principle with a concentric about a central axis around, conically widening to the end face of the roller drilling tool cutting surface and with a support body on the inside the cutting surface is arranged and extends to the front side of the tool.
- roller drilling tools or roller bits operating on the undercutting principle are characterized by unilateral, conical tool bodies or discs mounted on drill heads or tool arms of, for example, plug-in drilling machines such that the roller drilling tools are free to rotate about their central axis.
- the removal of the material, in particular rock, hard rock or mineral rock, according to the undercutting principle takes place in thin layers. The material is broken out with the conical widening from the drill head and the rock in thin layers undercutting releasing cutting surfaces in mostly palm-sized pieces.
- roller bits or roller drilling tools are mounted on a rotatable and / or hammer-driven driven drill head (see eg DE862584 . DE 198 38 195 B1 or WO 92/10647 ).
- roller drilling tools or roller bits working on the undercutting principle are attached obliquely to the stone front to be dismantled with conically widening cutting surfaces formed only on one side, the cutting surfaces of the roller bits and in particular the cutting edge at the transition of the cutting surface in the front side systemically exposed to high axial forces.
- the axial forces in turn, in particular at the cutting edge at the free edge of the cutting surface cause a system-related rapid wear of the individual roller bits.
- the object of the invention is to provide a roller drilling tool or a roller chisel, the service life or service life is improved over the prior art.
- the cutting surface made of a harder material than the support body and that the support body forms a ring land, which extends conically at least on its outer peripheral wall and bounded with its inner peripheral wall a free space on the end face of the tool. Due to the interaction of the different material combination of hardened or harder cutting surface and softer support body on the one hand and the free space in the support region of the support body, i. viewed radially behind the cutting surface, on the other hand, it is achieved that, over a comparatively long period of time, the cutting edge at the transition of the cutting surface into the front side can independently re-sharpen.
- the CaribbeannachJemrf bin is achieved in particular by the fact that with a wear of the hardened cutting surface and the underlying behind the softer material of the support body is weggeschlissen by the stone to be removed, whereby substantially permanently only the hardened cutting surface is in contact engagement with the material to be ablated.
- the free space is formed as a cavity or the like.
- the clearance in the radial direction behind the support body could also be filled with even softer material than the material of the support body.
- the free space in the back of the support body is formed as a hollow depression. It is particularly advantageous if the free space from the end face of the tool at least partially over the axial extent of the Cutting surface of the tool extends. The deeper the free space is formed in the axial direction, the greater the effective axial length of the cutting surface, in which an independent resharpening of the cutting edge of the roller bit can be achieved. In the cavity behind the support body, the weggeschlissene material of the support body may also temporarily accumulate.
- the annular web between its inner peripheral wall and its outer peripheral wall to an exactly constant or substantially constant thickness.
- This embodiment has the advantage that the roller drilling tool over its entire service life during resharpening same restoring forces in the machine on which the roller drilling tools are used, as regardless of the degree of wear, thus from the axial shortening of the cutting surface of hardened material, the same cross section softer support material must be weggeschl admirt to achieve that only the cutting edge of harder material is in operative engagement with the stone to be removed.
- the inner peripheral wall extends conically, whereby the free space or the recess also tapers conically towards the bottom of the free space.
- the cone angle of the inner peripheral wall and the cone angle of the cutting surface can be exactly the same.
- the web thickness of the annular web is only approximately constant.
- the cone angle of the inner peripheral wall and the cone angle of the cutting surface can advantageously deviate from one another by less than 8 °, in particular less than 5 °, preferably less than 2 °.
- the web thickness can also vary, with the web thickness generally being usually two to ten times thicker than the radial thickness of the cutting surface. Overall, the web thickness should be as thin as possible to be able to wear away the softer material at the same time.
- roller bits according to the invention or roller drilling tools with hardened cutting surfaces supported radially by means of annular support bodies can have different structures.
- the cutting surface may then in one embodiment consist of a surface hardening or hard layer applied to the conically extending outer circumferential wall of the annular web.
- the cutting surface may consist of cutting segments or hard metal segments attached to the conically extending outer circumferential wall of the annular web.
- the cutting segments or hard metal segments can be attached to the outer peripheral wall of the annular web of the support body, in particular soldered or soldered.
- the use of cutting segments has the advantage that the concentric circumferential cutting surface can be relatively easily manufactured.
- the cutting segments or hard metal segments may be covered by at least one ring or a cover layer, which consists of softer material than the cutting surface.
- a corresponding ring or a corresponding cover layer thus ensure an additional fixation of the cutting segments and thus the cutting surface on the support body.
- the material of the ring or the cover layer is expediently also softer than the material of the annular web in order not to negatively influence the re-sharpening effect of the tool according to the invention.
- the cutting surface may be part of a cutting ring, which has a cylindrical neck portion and a conical collar portion, on the inside of the support body abuts or is formed.
- the entire cutting ring can then consist of hard metal or other wear-resistant material.
- the cutting ring or the support body on the inner surface of the neck portion bevelled for a cooperating with this and releasably connectable to a tool shaft clamping disc.
- the neck portion at the same time with a shaft head receptacle for preferably rotationally fixed receiving a shaft end of a Be provided tool shaft.
- the clamping disc may also have a clamping collar with chamfer and connectable by means of a screw with a shaft end of a tool shaft.
- the support body with its annular web detachably abut against the inside of the cutting ring and having an integrally connected to the annular web floor, which can be clamped axially against the neck portion of the cutting ring by means of a screwed into the shaft end of a tool shaft screwing means.
- roller drilling tools or roller bits according to the invention can be particularly advantageously connected to one shaft end of a tool shaft, which are supported by means of two arranged on the circumference of a shaft shaft of the tool shaft bearing and the other, free shaft end axially supporting thrust bearing in a shaft receiving a machine head.
- a corresponding storage of the tool shafts for roller drilling tools on machine heads is of independent inventive importance and can also be used in roller drilling tools that have integral cutting surfaces made of a single material or a material with uniform hardness.
- the support body may e.g. steel and the cutting surface from surface hardening or e.g. hardfacing applied on the outer periphery of the support body, or different materials such as e.g. Carbide for the cutting surface, the cutting ring or the cutting segments and steel or the like.
- surface hardening e.g. hardfacing applied on the outer periphery of the support body
- different materials such as e.g. Carbide for the cutting surface, the cutting ring or the cutting segments and steel or the like.
- the Figures 1 and 2 show a machine head 2, which rotates about the central axis 4 of the machine head 2 by means of the drive shaft 3 by a machine, not shown otherwise for the reduction of materials such as rock on a schematically illustrated excavation front.
- the machine head 2 can be mounted, for example, via the drive shaft 3 on a tunnel boring machine, a section boring machine, a part-cut or full-cut machine or a machine working with impact overlay.
- the machine head 2 has three shaft head receptacles 5, in each of which a tool shaft 6 is mounted.
- each tool shaft 6 At the free, on the front side 2 'protruding from the machine head 2 shaft end 7 of each tool shaft 6 is a designated generally by reference numeral 10 and working on the undercut principle Roller drilling tool rotatably attached. Like in Fig. 2 can be clearly seen, it is in the role of drilling tools or roller bits 10 to one-sided conical cutting discs with a conically to the free end face 11 expanding cutting surface 12 on the circumference.
- the tool shafts 6 are rotatably mounted about the axis of rotation M of the tool shafts 6 in the receptacles 5 and the storage by means of two on the shaft of the tool shaft 6 fitting, via a sleeve 8 spaced radial bearings 30 and another, against the rear shaft end 7 'adjacent thrust bearing 31, which is counter-supported on a cover plate 32 which is fastened by means of a plurality of screws 33 on the back of the machine head 2 and the shaft receptacle 5 closes.
- disassembled roller bits 10 and disassembled locking ring 34 the tool shafts 6 can be taken out of the shaft seats 5 on the back of the machine heads 2. This in Fig.
- upper radial bearing 30 forms a movable bearing and the lower radial bearing 30 is a fixed bearing.
- the entire shaft seat 5 is protected by means of a shaft seal 59 against dirt and moisture.
- the thrust bearing 31 provides for an extremely favorable support of the tool shafts 6 at the rear shaft ends 7 'even at high axial forces, the in the undercut blasting of pieces of material 1' - as in Fig. 2 indicated - can occur on the mining front 1.
- the machine head 2 In operation, the machine head 2 is moved in the working direction A by pivot arms or a movement of the working machine. At the same time, the machine head 2 rotates about the central axis 4 in the direction of the arrow R (FIG. Fig. 1 ). Since the tool shafts 6 are mounted in a freely rotating manner, the roller bits 10 can also move in rotation about the center axis M, whereby the cutting surfaces 12, which are in Fig. 2 shown on the cut roller bit 10 shown as black bars can wear evenly over the circumference. Due to the rotational movement of the machine head 2 and the conical or wedge-shaped cutting surface 12 on the roller chisels 10, the material to be removed is removed in layers in the direction of the arrow A in an undercut manner.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show the roller chisel 10 from the Figures 1 and 2 in detail.
- Fig. 3 The roller bit 10 has a solid, one-piece support body 15 which is integral with a shaft head receptacle 16 for the free end of the tool shaft (7 . Fig. 2 ) and centric to the central axis M with a central bore 17 for a fastening screw (9, Fig. 2 ) is provided to non-rotatably connect the support body 15 with the shaft end of the tool shaft.
- the support body 15, which may consist in particular of steel, has a peripheral cylindrical neck portion 18 which extends from the bottom 13 of the roller chisel 10. The neck portion 18 merges integrally into a conically widening collar portion 19.
- the cutting surface 12 is formed, which consists here of a surface hardening or a hard metal coating layer.
- the cutting surface 12 preferably consists of a significantly more wear-resistant and harder material than the material of the support body 15.
- the hard metal layer support or surface hardening runs uniformly circumferentially over the outer circumferential wall 20 of the collar section 19.
- the shaft head receptacle 16 faces away from the vertical, angled perpendicularly to the central axis M. extending end face 11 of the roller chisel 10 is at the same time provided with a central recess 21 which extends here over approximately one third of the axial length of the support body 15.
- the recess 21, which may consist for example of a recess on the end face 11 of the support body 15 or a differently made recess, forms a free space which limits the cross section of the material provided by the support body 19 on the end face 11 on a narrow annular web 22.
- the narrow annular rib 22 has in the radial direction, ie perpendicular to the central axis M of the roller chisel 10, from the bottom 23 of the recess 21 to the end face 11 a constant web thickness.
- the recess 21 forms a free space and, together with the different material pairing of a harder cutting surface 12 and a softer, bar-shaped support body 15, effects or supports an independent re-sharpening of the cutting surface 12 Since the cutting surface 12 is in engagement with the material to be removed during the undercut removal, the cutting surface 12 wears off slowly, in particular at the peripheral edge 14. However, as soon as the cutting edge 14 has worn, the much softer material of the support body on the front side 11 is immediately weggeschlissen by the degraded material, so always a clean angled and hardened cutting edge 14 at the transition of the cutting surface 12 in the end face 11 in operative engagement with the to be removed material. This independent Nachbulrf bin arises up to the in Fig.
- the constant radial wall thickness of the annular web 22 is the roller chisel 10 in 3 and 4 essentially supported by the fact that the inner circumferential wall 24 of the collar section 19 of the support body 15 designed as an annular web extends substantially at the same cone or oblique angle to the central axis M as the cutting surface 12 and the outer circumferential wall 20.
- the conical or oblique angle in the embodiment shown is approximately 45 °.
- Fig. 5 shows a roller bit 60 according to another embodiment.
- the roller bit 60 has a one-piece support body 65 with a conically widening to the outer edge 64 cutting surface 62. Centrally on the underside of the support body 65 is in turn formed in a cylindrical neck portion 66, a shaft head receptacle 67 for the shaft end of a tool shaft.
- the cutting surface 62 does not consist of a surface hardening or coating layer, but the conically widening cutting surface 62 is formed by several, here eg seventeen cutting segments, which are soldered to a conical outer peripheral wall of the support body 65 or secured in some other way.
- Each cutting segment 90 according to the invention has a significantly higher hardness than the material of the support body 65 and the support body 65th has radially behind a collar portion, on whose conically widening outer peripheral wall, the cutting segments 90 are supported, an annular ridge, which is provided with a recess as a free space to achieve even with a cutting surfaces formed by 90 cutting surfaces 62 an independent Nachstationrf bin.
- FIG. 6 another embodiment of a roller bit 110 is shown with a solid, one-piece support body 115, which integrally has a neck portion comprising the wave head receptacle 116 and an adjoining and flared collar portion 119 which is centrally provided with a recess 121, so that at the back the cutting surface 112 is formed exclusively a ring land with a constant thickness as a supporting part of the support body 115.
- the cutting surface 112 does not consist of a circumferential hardening but of individual cutting segments 140, which are soldered to the conically outwardly widening outer peripheral wall 120 of the annular web 122.
- all cutting segments 140 are circumferentially covered with a cover layer 145 over the entire axial length of the cutting surface 112.
- the cover layer 145 extends approximately from the cutting edge 114 at the transition of the cutting surface 112 in the end face 111 to the cylindrical periphery of the neck portion 118.
- a continuous cover layer and one or more rings could rotate around the individual segments 140 to their anchoring to support the ring-web-like support body in the region of the collar portion 119.
- the material of the cover layer 145 or of the rings is preferably substantially softer than the material of the cutting segments 140 as well as softer or at least as soft as the material of the support body 115.
- the cover layer 145 may be soldered, for example.
- a roller bit 210 is shown in which a support body 215 again has a neck portion 218 and a conically widening collar portion 219, which due to a recess 221 in the end face 211 radially behind the cutting surface 212 is tapered to a ring land 222 with a conically extending outer circumferential wall 220 and parallel thereto extending inner peripheral wall 224.
- the cutting surface 212 consists of a surface hardening, a soldered wear layer or applied cutting segments and is harder than the material of the support body in the annular web 222.
- the rotationally fixed attachment of the Stauerköpers 215 at the shaft end 207 of a tool shaft 206 is effected here by means of a separate clamping plate 235, which by means of a Fixing screw 209 can be screwed against the shaft end 207.
- the shaft end 207 is designed to be multi-stepped and has a blind hole 227 centrally and a step 228 on the outside.
- At the outer step 228 of the shaft end 207 is provided with a cylindrical central bore 225 neck portion 218 of the support body 215 at.
- the support body 215 can be pushed with its center bore 225 on the step 228 at the shaft end 207.
- an inclined clamping surface 226 is formed, against which the clamping ring 235 is clamped with a counter-slope 236 at its periphery by tightening the screw 209.
- the interaction of the two inclined clamping surfaces 226, 236 clamps the support ring 215 against the shaft end 207, so that it is rotatably and at the same time releasably secured to the tool shaft 206.
- the material of the support body 215 is considerably softer than the material of the cutting surface 212, so that sets in conjunction with the recess 221 of the NachMrf bin on the cutting surface 212.
- Fig. 8 shows a further embodiment of a roller bit 310 according to the invention, which is fastened to a multi-stepped shaft end 307 of a tool shaft.
- the roller bit 310 has a cutting ring 346, which has a cylindrical neck portion 347 and a conically outwardly web-shaped widening collar portion 348.
- the collar portion 348 forms with its outer peripheral surface the cutting surface 312 for the undercut removal of rock.
- the entire cutting ring 346 is made of a more wear-resistant material than a support body 315, which also forms the clamping piece for clamping the cutting ring 346 at the shaft end 307 by means of the fastening screw 309 at the roller bit 310.
- the clamping element forming support body 315 a ring web outwardly flared collar portion 319, which merges into a bottom portion 375 which limits the space 321 within the inner peripheral wall 324 of the support body 315.
- the support body 315 may be loose on the cutting ring 346 or be firmly connected thereto, but in the assembled state of the annular web collar portion 319 abuts with its outer peripheral wall 320 against the inner shell surface 348 'of the cutting ring 346 or pushes.
- the rotationally fixed anchoring of the cutting ring 346 at the shaft end 307 is achieved via the interaction of a clamping bevel 326 at the shaft end 307 and a clamping bevel 336 at the transition of the underside of the cutting ring 346 in a central bore 325 of the cutting ring 346.
- a clamping bevel 326 at the shaft end 307
- a clamping bevel 336 at the transition of the underside of the cutting ring 346 in a central bore 325 of the cutting ring 346.
- Fig. 9 shows a sixth embodiment of a roller bit 410, which in turn can be rotatably mounted on a stepped shaft end 407 by means of a fastening screw 409.
- the cutting surface 412 is formed on a cutting ring 446 made of hard metal or the like. And is formed on the cutting ring 446 of the conically widening peripheral surface.
- the support body 415 consists only of an annular body with a parallelogram-shaped cross-section and mutually parallel outer circumferential wall 420 and inner circumferential wall 423.
- the support ring is soldered or anchored to the inner circumferential surface 428 'of the web-shaped collar section 428 of the cutting ring 446.
- the support ring 415 is made as thin as possible so as to make the cutting surface 412 integrally formed on the cutting ring 446 sturdy enough for the undercut process.
- the material of the cutting surface should have a strength or hardness that is significantly higher than the material of the support body.
- the different degree of hardness can vary depending on the purpose.
- the use of steel for the support body and hardfacing applied by the hardfacing for the cutting surface is only an example, without limiting the scope of protection.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Rollenbohrwerkzeug oder einen Rollenmeißel zum Abtragen von Material wie insbesondere Gestein, Mineralien oder dgl. nach dem Hinterschneidprinzip, mit einer konzentrisch um eine Mittelachse herum ausgebildeten, sich konisch zur Stirnseite des Rollenbohrwerkzeugs erweiternden Schneidfläche und mit einem Stützkörper, der an der Innenseite der Schneidfläche angeordnet ist und sich bis zur Stirnseite des Werkzeuges erstreckt.The invention relates to a roller drilling tool or a roller chisel for removing material such as rocks, minerals or the like. According to the undercutting principle, with a concentric about a central axis around, conically widening to the end face of the roller drilling tool cutting surface and with a support body on the inside the cutting surface is arranged and extends to the front side of the tool.
Im Stand der Technik sind unterschiedliche Arten von Schneidsystemen bekannt, mit denen im Bereich des Bergbaus und des Straßenbaus mittels Rollenbohrwerkzeugen oder Rollenmeißeln nach dem Hinterschneidprinzip gearbeitet werden kann. Rollenbohrwerkzeuge oder Rollenmeißel, die nach dem Hinterschneidprinzip arbeiten, kennzeichnen sich durch einseitige, konische Werkzeugkörper oder Disken, die an Bohrköpfen oder Werkzeugarmen von z.B. Steckenvortriebsmaschinen derart montiert sind, dass sich die Rollenbohrwerkzeuge um ihre Mittelachse herum frei drehen können. Das Abtragen des Materials wie insbesondere Gestein, Hartgestein oder Mineraliengestein, nach dem Hinterschneidprinzip erfolgt in dünnen Schichten. Das Material wird mit den konisch sich vom Bohrkopf ausgehend erweiternden und das Gestein in dünnen Schichten hinterschneidend lösenden Schneidflächen in meist handtellergroßen Stücken herausgebrochen. Um eine hohe Abtragsleistung zu erzielen, werden meist mehrere Rollenmeißel oder Rollenbohrwerkzeuge an einem rotierbaren und/oder mit Schlagüberlagerung schnell drehend angetriebenen Bohrkopf gelagert (vgl. z.B.
Da die nach dem Hinterschneidprinzip arbeitenden Rollenbohrwerkzeuge oder Rollenmeißel mit nur einseitig ausgebildeten, konisch sich erweiternden Schneidflächen schräg an der abzubauenden Gesteinsfront angesetzt werden, sind die Schneidflächen der Rollenmeißel und insbesondere die Schneidkante am Übergang der Schneidfläche in die Stirnseite systembedingt hohen Axialkräften ausgesetzt. Die Axialkräfte wiederum bewirken insbesondere an der Schneidkante am freien Rand der Schneidfläche einen systembedingten schnellen Verschleiß der einzelnen Rollenmeißel.Since the roller drilling tools or roller bits working on the undercutting principle are attached obliquely to the stone front to be dismantled with conically widening cutting surfaces formed only on one side, the cutting surfaces of the roller bits and in particular the cutting edge at the transition of the cutting surface in the front side systemically exposed to high axial forces. The axial forces in turn, in particular at the cutting edge at the free edge of the cutting surface cause a system-related rapid wear of the individual roller bits.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Rollenbohrwerkzeug bzw. einen Rollenmeißel zu schaffen, dessen Standzeit bzw. Einsatzdauer gegenüber dem Stand der Technik verbessert ist.The object of the invention is to provide a roller drilling tool or a roller chisel, the service life or service life is improved over the prior art.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass die Schneidfläche aus härterem Material als der Stützkörper besteht und dass der Stützkörper einen Ringsteg bildet, der zumindest an seiner Außenumfangswand konisch verläuft und der mit seiner Innenumfangswand einen Freiraum an der Stirnseite des Werkzeuges begrenzt. Durch das Zusammenspiel der unterschiedlichen Materialpaarung von gehärteter bzw. härterer Schneidfläche und weicherem Stützkörper einerseits sowie dem Freiraum im Stützbereich des Stützkörpers, d.h. radial betrachtet jeweils hinter der Schneidfläche, andererseits wird erreicht, dass sich, über einen vergleichsweise langen Zeitraum, die Schneidkante am Übergang der Schneidfläche in die Stirnseite selbstständig nachschärfen kann. Der Selbstnachschärfeffekt wird insbesondere dadurch erreicht, dass bei einer Abnutzung der gehärteten Schneidfläche auch das dahinter befindliche weichere Material des Stützkörpers durch das abzutragende Gestein weggeschlissen wird, wodurch im Wesentlichen permanent nur die gehärtete Schneidfläche im Kontakteingriff mit dem abzutragenden Material steht.This object is achieved in that the cutting surface made of a harder material than the support body and that the support body forms a ring land, which extends conically at least on its outer peripheral wall and bounded with its inner peripheral wall a free space on the end face of the tool. Due to the interaction of the different material combination of hardened or harder cutting surface and softer support body on the one hand and the free space in the support region of the support body, i. viewed radially behind the cutting surface, on the other hand, it is achieved that, over a comparatively long period of time, the cutting edge at the transition of the cutting surface into the front side can independently re-sharpen. The Selbstnachschärfeffekt is achieved in particular by the fact that with a wear of the hardened cutting surface and the underlying behind the softer material of the support body is weggeschlissen by the stone to be removed, whereby substantially permanently only the hardened cutting surface is in contact engagement with the material to be ablated.
Um den erfindungsgemäßen Effekt des selbstständigen Nachschärfens des Werkzeuges zu erreichen, ist nicht unbedingt erforderlich, dass der Freiraum als Hohlraum oder dgl. ausgebildet ist; der Freiraum in Radialrichtung hinter dem Stützkörper könnte auch mit nochmals weicherem Material als das Material des Stützkörpers gefüllt sein. Bei der insbesondere bevorzugten Ausgestaltung ist allerdings der Freiraum im Rücken des Stützkörpers als hohle Vertiefung ausgebildet. Besonders vorteilhaft ist, wenn sich der Freiraum von der Stirnseite des Werkzeuges aus zumindest partiell über die Axialausdehnung der Schneidfläche des Werkzeuges erstreckt. Je tiefer der Freiraum in Axialrichtung ausgebildet ist, desto größer ist die effektive axiale Länge der Schneidfläche, bei welcher ein selbstständiges Nachschärfen der Schneidkante des Rollenmeißels erreicht werden kann. Im Hohlraum hinter dem Stützkörper kann sich das weggeschlissene Material des Stützkörpers außerdem vorübergehend ansammeln.In order to achieve the inventive effect of the self-sharpening of the tool, it is not absolutely necessary that the free space is formed as a cavity or the like. the clearance in the radial direction behind the support body could also be filled with even softer material than the material of the support body. In the particularly preferred embodiment, however, the free space in the back of the support body is formed as a hollow depression. It is particularly advantageous if the free space from the end face of the tool at least partially over the axial extent of the Cutting surface of the tool extends. The deeper the free space is formed in the axial direction, the greater the effective axial length of the cutting surface, in which an independent resharpening of the cutting edge of the roller bit can be achieved. In the cavity behind the support body, the weggeschlissene material of the support body may also temporarily accumulate.
Bei der insbesondere bevorzugten Ausgestaltung weist der Ringsteg zwischen seiner Innenumfangswand und seiner Außenumfangswand eine exakt konstante oder im Wesentlichen konstante Dicke auf. Diese Ausgestaltung hat den Vorteil, dass das Rollenbohrwerkzeug über seine gesamte Einsatzdauer beim Nachschärfen gleiche Rückstellkräfte in die Maschine, an der die Rollenbohrwerkzeuge zum Einsatz kommen, einbringt, da unabhängig vom Abnutzungsgrad, mithin von der axialen Verkürzung der Schneidfläche aus gehärtetem Material, derselbe Querschnitt aus weicherem Stützkörpermaterial weggeschleißt werden muss, um zu erreichen, dass ausschließlich die Schneidkante aus härterem Material in Wirkeingriff mit dem abzutragenden Gestein steht. Zweckmäßigerweise verläuft hierzu die Innenumfangswand konisch, wodurch der Freiraum bzw. die Vertiefung sich ebenfalls zum Grund des Freiraums hin konisch verjüngt. Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung können der Konuswinkel der Innenumfangswand und der Konuswinkel der Schneidfläche exakt gleich sein. Je nach verwendeter Materialpaarung kann es ausreichen, wenn die Stegdicke des Ringstegs nur annähernd konstant ist. Hierbei können vorteilhafterweise der Konuswinkel der Innenumfangswand und der Konuswinkel der Schneidfläche um weniger als 8°, insbesondere weniger als 5°, vorzugsweise weniger als 2° voneinander abweichen. Je nach verwendeter Materialpaarung kann auch die Stegdicke variieren, wobei in der Regel die Stegdicke meist zwei- bis zehnfach dicker ausgeführt werden wird als die radiale Dicke der Schneidfläche. Insgesamt sollte die Stegdicke so dünn wie möglich ausgeführt werden, um das zugleich weichere Material schnell wegschleißen zu können.In the particularly preferred embodiment, the annular web between its inner peripheral wall and its outer peripheral wall to an exactly constant or substantially constant thickness. This embodiment has the advantage that the roller drilling tool over its entire service life during resharpening same restoring forces in the machine on which the roller drilling tools are used, as regardless of the degree of wear, thus from the axial shortening of the cutting surface of hardened material, the same cross section softer support material must be weggeschleißt to achieve that only the cutting edge of harder material is in operative engagement with the stone to be removed. Conveniently, the inner peripheral wall extends conically, whereby the free space or the recess also tapers conically towards the bottom of the free space. According to an advantageous embodiment, the cone angle of the inner peripheral wall and the cone angle of the cutting surface can be exactly the same. Depending on the material pairing used, it may be sufficient if the web thickness of the annular web is only approximately constant. In this case, the cone angle of the inner peripheral wall and the cone angle of the cutting surface can advantageously deviate from one another by less than 8 °, in particular less than 5 °, preferably less than 2 °. Depending on the material pairing used, the web thickness can also vary, with the web thickness generally being usually two to ten times thicker than the radial thickness of the cutting surface. Overall, the web thickness should be as thin as possible to be able to wear away the softer material at the same time.
Erfindungsgemäße Rollenmeißel oder Rollenbohrwerkzeuge mit gehärteten, radial mittels ringförmiger Stützkörper abgestützten Schneidflächen können unterschiedlich aufgebaut sein. Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung weist der Stützkörper einen zylindrischen Halsabschnitt und einen konischen, den Ringsteg bildenden Kragenabschnitt auf. Die Schneidfläche kann dann bei einer Ausführungsform aus einer an der konisch verlaufenden Außenumfangswand des Ringstegs aufgebrachten Oberflächenhärtung oder Hartschicht bestehen. Alternativ kann die Schneidfläche aus an der konisch verlaufenden Außenumfangswand des Ringstegs befestigten Schneidsegmenten oder Hartmetallsegmenten bestehen. Die Schneidsegmente oder Hartmetallsegmente können an der Außenumfangswand des Ringstegs des Stützkörpers befestigt, insbesondere angelötet oder aufgelötet sein. Die Verwendung von Schneidsegmenten hat den Vorteil, dass die konzentrisch umlaufende Schneidfläche relativ einfach hergestellt werden kann. Um selbst bei höchsten axialen Belastungen entsprechende Schneidsegmente oder Hartmetallsegmente vor Beschädigungen durch Stoßbelastung oder Ausbrechen zu schützen, können die Schneidsegmente oder Hartmetallsegmente mittels wenigstens eines Rings oder einer Decklage bedeckt sein, die aus weicherem Material als die Schneidfläche besteht. Ein entsprechender Ring oder eine entsprechende Decklage sorgen mithin für eine zusätzliche Fixierung der Schneidsegmente und damit der Schneidfläche am Stützkörper. Das Material des Rings oder der Decklage ist zweckmäßigerweise auch weicher als das Material des Ringstegs, um den Nachschärfeffekt des erfindungsgemäßen Werkzeuges nicht negativ zu beeinflussen.Roller bits according to the invention or roller drilling tools with hardened cutting surfaces supported radially by means of annular support bodies can have different structures. According to an advantageous Embodiment, the support body on a cylindrical neck portion and a conical, the ring land forming collar portion. The cutting surface may then in one embodiment consist of a surface hardening or hard layer applied to the conically extending outer circumferential wall of the annular web. Alternatively, the cutting surface may consist of cutting segments or hard metal segments attached to the conically extending outer circumferential wall of the annular web. The cutting segments or hard metal segments can be attached to the outer peripheral wall of the annular web of the support body, in particular soldered or soldered. The use of cutting segments has the advantage that the concentric circumferential cutting surface can be relatively easily manufactured. In order to protect corresponding cutting segments or hard metal segments from damage due to impact loading or breaking even at high axial loads, the cutting segments or hard metal segments may be covered by at least one ring or a cover layer, which consists of softer material than the cutting surface. A corresponding ring or a corresponding cover layer thus ensure an additional fixation of the cutting segments and thus the cutting surface on the support body. The material of the ring or the cover layer is expediently also softer than the material of the annular web in order not to negatively influence the re-sharpening effect of the tool according to the invention.
Gemäß einer alternativen Ausführungsform kann die Schneidfläche Bestandteil eines Schneidrings sein, der einen zylindrischen Halsabschnitt und einen konischen Kragenabschnitt aufweist, an dessen Innenseite der Stützkörper anliegt oder ausgebildet ist. Der gesamte Schneidring kann dann aus Hartmetall oder anderem verschleißfesten Material bestehen. Um entsprechende Rollenbohrwerkzeuge an Werkzeugwellen der Maschinenköpfe von Arbeitsmaschinen für die Materialabtragung auf einfache Weise befestigen zu können, weisen bei einer Ausführungsform der Schneidring oder der Stützkörper am Innenmantel des Halsabschnitts eine Anschrägung für eine mit dieser zusammenwirkenden und mit einer Werkzeugwelle lösbar verbindbaren Klemmscheibe auf. Hierbei kann der Halsabschnitt zugleich mit einer Wellenkopfaufnahme zur vorzugsweise drehfesten Aufnahme eines Wellenendes einer Werkzeugwelle versehen sein. Die Klemmscheibe kann auch einen Klemmkragen mit Anschrägung aufweisen und mittels einer Schraube mit einem Wellenende einer Werkzeugwelle verbindbar sein. Weiter alternativ kann der Stützkörper mit seinem Ringsteg lösbar an der Innenseite des Schneidringes anliegen und einen integral mit dem Ringsteg verbundenen Boden aufweisen, der axial gegen den Halsabschnitt des Schneidrings mittels eines ins Wellenende einer Werkzeugwelle einschraubbaren Schraubmittels anklemmbar ist.According to an alternative embodiment, the cutting surface may be part of a cutting ring, which has a cylindrical neck portion and a conical collar portion, on the inside of the support body abuts or is formed. The entire cutting ring can then consist of hard metal or other wear-resistant material. In order to fasten corresponding roller boring tools to tool shafts of the machine heads of machines for material removal in a simple manner, have in one embodiment, the cutting ring or the support body on the inner surface of the neck portion bevelled for a cooperating with this and releasably connectable to a tool shaft clamping disc. Here, the neck portion at the same time with a shaft head receptacle for preferably rotationally fixed receiving a shaft end of a Be provided tool shaft. The clamping disc may also have a clamping collar with chamfer and connectable by means of a screw with a shaft end of a tool shaft. Further alternatively, the support body with its annular web detachably abut against the inside of the cutting ring and having an integrally connected to the annular web floor, which can be clamped axially against the neck portion of the cutting ring by means of a screwed into the shaft end of a tool shaft screwing means.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Rollenbohrwerkzeuge oder Rollenmeißel können besonders vorteilhaft mit dem einen Wellenende einer Werkzeugwelle verbunden sein, die mittels zweier am Umfang eines Wellenschaftes der Werkzeugwelle angeordneter Lager sowie einem das andere, freie Wellenende axial abstützenden Axiallager in einer Wellenaufnahme eines Maschinenkopfes abgestützt sind. Eine entsprechende Lagerung der Werkzeugwellen für Rollenbohrwerkzeuge an Maschinenköpfen ist von eigenständiger erfinderischer Bedeutung und auch bei Rollenbohrwerkzeugen einsetzbar, die einstückige Schneidflächen aus einem einzigen Material bzw. einem Material mir einheitlicher Härte aufweisen.The roller drilling tools or roller bits according to the invention can be particularly advantageously connected to one shaft end of a tool shaft, which are supported by means of two arranged on the circumference of a shaft shaft of the tool shaft bearing and the other, free shaft end axially supporting thrust bearing in a shaft receiving a machine head. A corresponding storage of the tool shafts for roller drilling tools on machine heads is of independent inventive importance and can also be used in roller drilling tools that have integral cutting surfaces made of a single material or a material with uniform hardness.
Der Stützkörper kann z.B. aus Stahl und die Schneidfläche aus einer Oberflächenhärtung oder einer z.B. durch Auftragsschweißung aufgebrachten Hartschicht am Außenumfang des Stützkörpers bestehen, oder es kommen von vornherein unterschiedliche Materialien wie z.B. Hartmetall für die Schneidfläche, den Schneidring oder die Schneidsegmente sowie Stahl oder dgl. für den Stützkörper in Frage.The support body may e.g. steel and the cutting surface from surface hardening or e.g. hardfacing applied on the outer periphery of the support body, or different materials such as e.g. Carbide for the cutting surface, the cutting ring or the cutting segments and steel or the like. For the support body in question.
Weitere Vorteile und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von in der Zeichnung schematisch gezeigten Ausführungsbeispielen für erfindungsgemäße Rollenbohrwerkzeuge oder Rollenmeißel. In der Zeichnung zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- schematisch stark vereinfacht eine Draufsicht auf den Ma- schinenkopf einer nach dem Hinterschneidprinzip arbeitenden Maschine mit mehreren, am Maschinenkopf gelagerten erfin- dungsgemäßen Rollenmeißeln;
- Fig. 2
- den Maschinenkopf aus
Fig. 1 in Seitenansicht, teilweise aufgebrochen; - Fig. 3
- ein erfindungsgemäßes Rollenbohrwerkzeug in Draufsicht auf die Stirnseite;
- Fig. 4
- einen Horizontalschnitt durch das Rollenbohrwerkzeug aus
Fig. 3 ; - Fig. 5
- ein Rollenbohrwerkzeug gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbei- spiel in Draufsicht auf die Schneidfläche;
- Fig. 6
- ein Rollenbohrwerkzeug mit Schneidsegmenten gemäß einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel;
- Fig. 7
- ein Rollenbohrwerkzeug gemäß einem vierten Ausführungsbei- spiel in Schnittansicht;
- Fig. 8
- ein Rollenbohrwerkzeug gemäß einem fünften Ausführungsbei- spiel in Schnittansicht; und
- Fig. 9
- ein Rollenbohrwerkzeug gemäß einem sechsten Ausführungsbei- spiel.
- Fig. 1
- schematically greatly simplifies a plan view of the machine head of a working according to the undercutting principle machine with several, mounted on the machine head according to the invention roller bits;
- Fig. 2
- the machine head
Fig. 1 in side view, partially broken; - Fig. 3
- an inventive roller drilling tool in plan view of the end face;
- Fig. 4
- a horizontal section through the roller drill
Fig. 3 ; - Fig. 5
- a roller drilling tool according to a second Ausführungsbei- game in plan view of the cutting surface;
- Fig. 6
- a roller drilling tool with cutting segments according to a third embodiment;
- Fig. 7
- a roller drilling tool according to a fourth Ausführungsbei- game in sectional view;
- Fig. 8
- a roller drilling tool according to a fifth Ausführungsbei- game in sectional view; and
- Fig. 9
- a roller drilling tool according to a sixth embodiment.
Die
Im Betriebseinsatz wird der Maschinenkopf 2 in Arbeitsrichtung A durch Schwenkarme oder eine Bewegung der Arbeitsmaschine bewegt. Gleichzeitig rotiert der Maschinenkopf 2 um die zentrale Achse 4 in Pfeilrichtung R (
Die
In
In
Bei sämtlichen Ausführungsbeispielen sollte das Material der Schneidfläche eine Festigkeit oder Härte aufweisen, die deutlich höher ist als das Material des Stützkörpers. Der unterschiedliche Härtegrad kann je nach Verwendungszweck variieren. Die Verwendung von Stahl für den Stützkörper und durch Auftragsschweißen aufgebrachtes Hartmetall für die Schneidfläche ist nur beispielhaft, ohne den Schutzbereich auf diese zu begrenzen.In all embodiments, the material of the cutting surface should have a strength or hardness that is significantly higher than the material of the support body. The different degree of hardness can vary depending on the purpose. The use of steel for the support body and hardfacing applied by the hardfacing for the cutting surface is only an example, without limiting the scope of protection.
Claims (15)
- A roller drill for removing material, such as in particular rock, minerals or the like, according to the undercutting principle, comprising a cutting face (12) which is formed concentrically around a central axis (M) and widens conically toward the end face (11) of the roller drill, and comprising a supporting body (15) which is arranged on the inner side of the cutting face (12) and extends up to the end face (11) of the tool, characterized in that the cutting face (12) is made of a harder material than the supporting body (15) and in that the supporting body forms an annular web (22) which is conical at least at an outer circumferential wall (20) and which defines with its inner circumferential wall (23) a free space (21) at the end face (11) of the tool.
- The roller drill as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the free space (21) is designed as a recess.
- The roller drill as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the hollow free space (21) extends from the end face (11) at least partly over the axial extent of the cutting face (12) of the tool.
- The roller drill as claimed in one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the annular web (22) has a constant thickness or a substantially constant thickness between its inner circumferential wall (23) and its outer circumferential wall (20).
- The roller drill as claimed in one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the inner circumferential wall (23) runs conically, wherein preferably, the cone angle of the inner circumferential wall (23) and the cone angle of the cutting face (12) are the same or differ from one another by less than 8°, in particular less than 5°, preferably less than 2°.
- The roller drill as claimed in one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the supporting body (15; 115; 215) has a cylindrical neck section (18; 118; 218) and a conical collar section (19; 119; 219), which forms the annular web (22; 122; 222).
- The roller drill as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the cutting face (12; 212) consists of surface hardening or a hard coating applied to the conically running outer circumferential wall (220) of the annular web (22; 222).
- The roller drill as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the cutting face (62; 112) consists of cutting segments (90; 140) or carbide segments fastened to the conically running outer circumferential wall (120) of the annular web (122).
- The roller drill as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that the cutting segments (140) are covered by means of at least one ring or a covering layer (145) which is made of a softer material than the cutting face (112).
- The roller drill as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that the material of the ring or of the covering layer (145) is softer than the material of the annular web (122).
- The roller drill as claimed in one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the cutting face (312; 412) is an integral part of a cutting ring (346; 446) which is made of carbide or the like and which has a cylindrical neck section (347; 447) and a conical collar section (348; 448), the supporting body (315; 415) bearing against, or being formed on, the inner side of said collar section (348; 448).
- The roller drill as claimed in one of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that the cutting ring (346) or the supporting body (215; 415) has, at an inner bore (225; 325; 425) of the neck section (218; 347; 447), a clamping slope (226; 326; 426) for a clamping disk (235; 315; 435) which interacts with the clamping slope and can be detachably connected to a tool shaft, wherein preferably, the clamping disk (235; 435) has a clamping slope (236; 436) with bevel and can be connected to an end of a tool shaft by means of a screw.
- The roller drill as claimed in one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the neck section (118) has a shaft head receptacle (116) for accommodating an end of a tool shaft, preferably in a rotationally fixed manner.
- The roller drill as claimed in one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the supporting body (315) bears with its annular web (322), preferably in a detachable manner, against the inner side (348') of the cutting ring (346) and has a base (375) which is integrally connected to the annular web and which can be clamped axially against the neck section (347) of the cutting ring (346) by a screwing means (309) which can be screwed into the end of a tool shaft.
- The roller drill as claimed in one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the supporting body or the cutting ring is connected to the end of a tool shaft which is supported in a shaft receptacle (5) of a machine head (2) by means of two bearings (30) arranged on the circumference of the shaft shank and by means of a thrust bearing (31) axially supporting the other shaft end (7').
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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PL07818222T PL2188493T3 (en) | 2007-09-18 | 2007-09-18 | Roller drill or roller bit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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PCT/EP2007/008120 WO2009036781A1 (en) | 2007-09-18 | 2007-09-18 | Roller drill or roller bit |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2188493A1 EP2188493A1 (en) | 2010-05-26 |
EP2188493B1 true EP2188493B1 (en) | 2011-02-02 |
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EP07818222A Not-in-force EP2188493B1 (en) | 2007-09-18 | 2007-09-18 | Roller drill or roller bit |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US8469458B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2188493B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5709519B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101796263B (en) |
AT (1) | ATE497571T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2007359121B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2699807C (en) |
DE (1) | DE502007006437D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2363116T3 (en) |
PL (1) | PL2188493T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009036781A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA201002632B (en) |
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JP2004019311A (en) * | 2002-06-18 | 2004-01-22 | Oishi International Sisukomu Kk | Disk bit, cutter head and cutter drum |
JP2004044244A (en) * | 2002-07-12 | 2004-02-12 | Komatsu Ltd | Roller cutter of underground excavator, spiral roller cutter and cutter head having it |
CN2558752Y (en) * | 2002-07-24 | 2003-07-02 | 江西省宜春飞龙钻头制造有限公司 | Tricone bit |
DE102005028277A1 (en) * | 2005-06-18 | 2006-12-21 | Dbt Gmbh | Driving device for rotating, with Oszillationsüberlagerung working tools and tools hereby |
-
2007
- 2007-09-18 PL PL07818222T patent/PL2188493T3/en unknown
- 2007-09-18 US US12/675,802 patent/US8469458B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-09-18 CN CN2007801004811A patent/CN101796263B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-09-18 AT AT07818222T patent/ATE497571T1/en active
- 2007-09-18 ES ES07818222T patent/ES2363116T3/en active Active
- 2007-09-18 JP JP2010524357A patent/JP5709519B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-09-18 DE DE502007006437T patent/DE502007006437D1/en active Active
- 2007-09-18 AU AU2007359121A patent/AU2007359121B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-09-18 CA CA2699807A patent/CA2699807C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-09-18 EP EP07818222A patent/EP2188493B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2007-09-18 WO PCT/EP2007/008120 patent/WO2009036781A1/en active Application Filing
-
2010
- 2010-04-15 ZA ZA2010/02632A patent/ZA201002632B/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101796263A (en) | 2010-08-04 |
DE502007006437D1 (en) | 2011-03-17 |
AU2007359121A1 (en) | 2009-03-26 |
JP2010539353A (en) | 2010-12-16 |
US20100219676A1 (en) | 2010-09-02 |
AU2007359121B2 (en) | 2015-05-07 |
JP5709519B2 (en) | 2015-04-30 |
EP2188493A1 (en) | 2010-05-26 |
PL2188493T3 (en) | 2011-06-30 |
ATE497571T1 (en) | 2011-02-15 |
WO2009036781A1 (en) | 2009-03-26 |
ES2363116T3 (en) | 2011-07-20 |
CA2699807C (en) | 2012-11-20 |
CN101796263B (en) | 2013-01-09 |
US8469458B2 (en) | 2013-06-25 |
ZA201002632B (en) | 2010-12-29 |
CA2699807A1 (en) | 2009-03-26 |
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