EP2182184B1 - Gas exchange valve for combustion engines - Google Patents
Gas exchange valve for combustion engines Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2182184B1 EP2182184B1 EP09012954A EP09012954A EP2182184B1 EP 2182184 B1 EP2182184 B1 EP 2182184B1 EP 09012954 A EP09012954 A EP 09012954A EP 09012954 A EP09012954 A EP 09012954A EP 2182184 B1 EP2182184 B1 EP 2182184B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gas exchange
- movement
- piston
- exchange valve
- valve arrangement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
- F01L9/10—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulic
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a gas exchange valve arrangement for an internal combustion engine.
- gas exchange valves have long been known from the prior art.
- various principles are known from the prior art to actuate such gas exchange valves, which control the operation of internal combustion engines.
- an electromagnetic actuator is provided, which has an opening magnet and a closing magnet, between which an armature is axially displaceable.
- the DE 10 2004 018 359 A1 describes a hydraulic actuator of gas exchange valves of an internal combustion engine.
- a plunger of a gas exchange valve in response to a variable chambered hydraulic fluid volume between a first and a second end position is displaceable and leaving the chamber hydraulic flow variable by a flow valve, this flow valve is designed as an electrical switching valve such that it allows at least three switching positions.
- a gas exchange valve assembly for an internal combustion engine with a valve body wherein the valve body is movable in two opposite, rectilinear directions of movement and having an actuating element for actuating the valve body.
- a piston of the actuating element is movable in the directions of movement such that a movement of the piston in at least one direction of movement of the valve body in this direction of movement is caused.
- the piston is guided in a movable manner in a space having a supply port for the flowable medium.
- the present invention has for its object to provide a device which can bring about a high-frequency and at the same time stable movement of a gas exchange valve substantially independent of external forces. This is inventively achieved by a gas exchange valve assembly according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments and further developments are the subject of the dependent claims.
- a gas exchange valve arrangement has a valve body, wherein the valve body is movable in two mutually opposite rectilinear directions of movement. Furthermore, an actuating element for actuating the valve body is provided, wherein a piston of this actuating element is movable in the directions of movement such that a movement of the piston in at least one direction of movement causes a movement of the valve body in this direction of movement.
- the piston is movable by a fluid medium with respect to a space, wherein the space has a feed opening for the flowable medium and the gas exchange valve assembly comprises a throttle device which throttles the movement of the piston in at least one direction of movement at least temporarily or in sections.
- a movement of the valve body is caused in only exactly one direction of movement by a movement of the piston.
- the valve body has a fixedly arranged on this valve head.
- the valve body is that part of the valve which is intended to cover an opening, for example an opening within a cylinder of an internal combustion engine, by means of the valve head arranged thereon.
- a spring plate is arranged on this valve body and preferably formed with a positive fit therewith.
- This valve body may be sections of a rod-like body.
- the flowable medium is in particular a liquid medium and more preferably a hydraulic oil.
- the throttle device is designed such that it throttles or damps the movement of the actuating element differently depending on its position in the direction of movement.
- the actuating element and the valve body are preferably separable from each other. This results in that the actuating element actuates the valve body in one direction, namely by pressing it and vice versa preferably in the second direction of movement of the valve body actuates the actuating element.
- said space has a discharge opening in order to discharge the flowable medium from the space.
- the hydraulic fluid for actuating the actuating element is thus guided through the said space.
- the throttle device has at least one throttle element for the flowable medium, which extends in the direction of movement of the piston. By guiding the flowable medium in this throttle element throttling of the moving element is achieved.
- the throttle device has at least one throttle element which is arranged radially outside the piston.
- the throttle element is provided within the piston.
- at least one throttle element is designed as a channel, which particularly preferably extends substantially rectilinearly.
- several and particularly preferably all throttle elements are formed as channels.
- At least one throttle element preferably has an inner cross section that changes in the direction of movement of the actuating element.
- a stable opening movement of the actuating element or of the actuator and thus of the valve can be achieved by a damping volume in the actuator or the space, which is emptied via special throttles, which are variable depending on the translational movement in their geometry.
- the gas exchange valve arrangement has two throttle elements or channels which extend outside of the piston. In this way, a particularly stable movement of the piston can be achieved.
- the throttle elements or channels preferably have variable cross sections in the direction of movement.
- at least two channel sections are arranged behind one another in the direction of movement and completely separated from each other. These two channel sections preferably have different inner cross sections.
- one of these channel sections causes a damping or throttling of the movement of the piston in the first direction of movement
- the second channel section causes a damping or damping of the movement of the piston in the second direction of movement.
- At least one throttle element or channel is advantageously open in the direction of the piston.
- the gas exchange valve arrangement has at least one biasing element, which biases the valve body in a direction of movement. By this biasing element, the closing movement of the gas exchange valve and also of the actuating element or the actuator and the removal of the hydraulic medium from the room after appropriate adjustment of switching elements by the valve spring connected to the gas exchange valve is preferably carried out.
- this movement is controlled by a damping volume, which is emptied via variable throttles.
- the two throttles are, as mentioned above, preferably designed in the form of slots, which are hidden due to their arrangement perpendicular to the direction of movement depending Aktuatorhub.
- the gas exchange valve arrangement has a first control valve which controls the supply of the flowable medium into the room.
- a further switching element actuator This actuator or this actuator realized so that a translational movement, which is transmitted in each case to a gas exchange valve of the internal combustion engine.
- the gas exchange valve arrangement has a second control valve which controls the discharge of the flowable medium from the room.
- a further particularly advantageous embodiment provides that the throttle device is designed such that its throttling effect in dependence on the position of the piston 14th varies on its trajectory at least in sections, in particular, that it, as the piston approaches the end positions on its trajectory, increases.
- the two control valves are each solenoid valves.
- the gas exchange valve arrangement has at least one position detection device, which detects a position of the valve disk or valve body in the direction of movement.
- the position detection device preferably has at least one radiation device and at least one radiation detector device, wherein the radiation device and the radiation detector device are arranged such that a beam path between the radiation device and the radiation detector device is at least temporarily influenced by the spring plate or the valve body (or a portion of these elements) becomes.
- the radiation detector device has at least one and preferably a multiplicity of photocells.
- the beam path is at least temporarily blocked by the spring plate or the valve body or a portion of these elements.
- the radiation detector means comprises a plurality of photosensitive elements arranged in the direction of movement.
- these photosensitive elements are preferably arranged in rows so that they are selectively released via the valve movement by a spring plate attached to the valve.
- the position detection device preferably has a processor unit which outputs at least one characteristic value for the movement of the valve body.
- This characteristic value may be a position, a velocity, an acceleration and also a jerking behavior of the valve body.
- a downstream evaluation logic is proposed, which interprets the switching signals and outputs the current valve travel.
- these characteristic values are output to the above-mentioned control valves, and thus control of the movement of the gas exchange valve takes place.
- This said embodiment allows the use of conventional inexpensive optical electronic components whose switching time is so low when lighting with special diodes, however, that they can detect the high-frequency movement of a gas exchange valve.
- the resolution of this measuring device is determined in particular by the density of the switching elements or detection devices in the line.
- the downstream evaluation logic also has an effect on the quality of the measurement, since it must interpret the measurement signals, e.g. To the effect, whether a direct illumination or only a reflection of the illumination is present and preferably also a possible oil wetting must recognize.
- the present invention is further directed to an internal combustion engine with a gas exchange valve assembly of the type described above.
- the present invention is also directed to a motor vehicle, in particular a road motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine of the type described above.
- Fig. 1 shows a sectional view of a gas exchange valve assembly according to the invention 1.
- the reference numeral 4 refers to a valve body on which a valve head 2 is arranged, which serves for opening and closing a (not shown) cylinder.
- This Valve body 4 is movable along the double arrow in the two opposite directions of movement B1 and B2.
- the stroke for this movement is in a range between 10 mm and 15 mm and preferably in a range of 12 mm.
- the reference numeral 5 refers to a fixedly connected to the valve body 4 spring plate, which is biased by a suspension device 22, that is biased in the direction B1.
- this suspension device 22 is supported on a wall 27, which is arranged stationary relative to the movable valve body 4 from.
- the reference numeral 12 refers in its entirety to an actuating element which actuates the valve body 4.
- the gas exchange valve arrangement 1 or the actuating element 12 referred to as actuator preferably has four functional elements, namely a housing 6, a piston 14, a in the in Fig. 1 shown in the basic position closed first control valve 32 (in the form of a high pressure valve) and opened in this basic position second control valve 34 (in the form of a low pressure valve).
- the housing is made in two parts, wherein a block (not shown) receives a slot which forms the housing 6.
- the piston 14 is guided in said housing 6 on its inner wall.
- a hydraulic fluid can be supplied to the actuating element 12 from a reservoir 7, this supply being controlled by the first control valve 32.
- the hydraulic fluid passes into a designated in its entirety by 16 space.
- the volumes V1, V2 and V3 and the throttle elements 11, 19 and 25 are formed by the above-mentioned functional elements 6, 14, 32, 34.
- the throttle elements 11, 19 and 25 are also referred to in their entirety as throttle devices 30 and are arranged laterally with respect to the piston 14.
- the volume V1 arises above the piston 14 as soon as it is not in the upper end position.
- Fig. 1 the volume V1 is emptied.
- the volume V2 is annealed around the piston skirt.
- the piston is in the upper position, as in the sketch is shown, the volumes V1 and V2 are connected to each other only via the throttle elements 11.
- Fig. 2a is a plan view along the line A of the arrangement according to the invention shown. It can be seen here in particular two laterally with respect to the piston 14 arranged throttle elements 11, in which the hydraulic medium can occur. These two throttle elements 11, which are open in the direction pointing to the piston, therefore form the above-mentioned channel sections. These two slots serve to dampen the movement of the piston 14 in the direction of movement B1, ie when closing the gas exchange valve. However, this throttling acts as explained in more detail below only shortly before the actual closing of the gas exchange valve, so shortly before the piston reaches its top dead center.
- throttle elements 11 are in the form of two opposing slots 11 in the guide wall, along which the piston 14 runs along introduced.
- the effective cross section of the slots 11, that is to say the cross section of the throttle elements 11, depends on the position of the piston 14.
- the volume V2 is connected via the series-connected throttle elements 19 and 25, which, like the throttle elements 11 are pairwise opposite, connected to the volume V3.
- the likewise annular volume V3 is formed below the piston 14 between an inner piston rod or actuating rod 15 and the outer piston guide wall.
- the throttle elements 25 are arranged in the form of circular bores, which run parallel to the piston axis, in the housing 6 or the above-mentioned insert and extend to the lower stop plane of the piston guide.
- the piston guide wall is pierced in the lower guide region by slots 19 so that they connect the throttle bores 25 with the volume V3.
- These slots 19 form the throttle elements D2, which thus have a direct connection to the volume V3, but are connected to V2 only via the throttle elements 25 (series connection of the throttle elements 25 and 19).
- the acting connecting cross-section, which the throttling elements 19 release for the transfer to 25 depends on the position of the piston 14 and is continuously reduced in a downward movement.
- the high-pressure valve (control valve 32) is, as already mentioned, connected upstream via lines to the system pressure reservoir 7 (oil pressure source P). Downstream, it is connected to the volume V1. Since the high pressure valve (control valve 32) is closed in the ground state, in this state, the system pressure does not work in the volume V1, further finds no oil flow from the oil pressure source P via the control valve 32 into the volume V1 instead.
- the low-pressure valve (control valve 34) is connected upstream to the volume V2, downstream via lines to a (pressureless) tank 35 of the system. Since the low-pressure valve (control valve 34) is open in the ground state, the volumes V1, V2 and V3 of the actuator are depressurized, again, there is no volume flow. However, all volumes are filled with oil and the system is completely deaerated.
- the low-pressure valve (control valve 34) is brought from its basic position shown in the sketch in the switching position.
- the connection of the volume V2 and thus the volumes V1 and V3 is prevented with the tank 35 of the system, a volume flow does not flow.
- control valve 32 by applying a voltage from its in Fig. 1 shown basic position in the switching position.
- the volume V1 is thus connected to the oil pressure source P (reservoir 7).
- the pressure of the oil pressure source P now acts in the volumes V1, V2 and V3. Since the piston face facing V1 is larger than the one facing V3, a force is created which causes the piston 14 to move downwards. During this movement, there are different volume flows in the actuator. Oil flows from the volume V3 via the throttle element 19 to the throttle element 25 and then into the volume V2.
- the cross section of the holes of the throttle element 25 is smaller by the choice of the bore diameter and the slot width at the beginning of the stroke than the effective cross section of the throttle elements or slots 19. It follows that the throttle element 25 at the beginning of the stroke significantly for the throttling of the flow from V3 to V2 and the throttle element 19 takes over this role later in the stroke, since the slots are increasingly obscured by the piston 14.
- V2 to V1 a volume flow of V2 to V1 occurs, which flows over the throttle elements 11 until the upper piston edge has passed the lower throttle edge, see above. Subsequently, the volume flow between V2 and V1 flows over the described cylinder jacket surface.
- the total volume of the actuator of V1, V2 and V3 is increased in the downward movement by the volume of the extending out of the actuator piston rod 14, which thus actuates the gas exchange valve and its spring means 22. This increase is compensated by the volume flow from the oil pressure source P via the high pressure valve (control valve 32) in the volume V1.
- the throttle cross-section determines the flow velocity and, associated therewith, the pressure curve in a connected pressurized volume, in the present case thus the speed of movement of the piston 14 and the force on the respective piston surface.
- the actuator (piston 14) must not accelerate the movable elements of the valve body 4 so much that the frictional connection between Gas monventilschaftende and actuator (piston 14) dissolves, since in this case an uncontrolled movement of the gas exchange valve vorläge. This is avoided by the interaction of the throttle elements 19 and 25, so that an active position or force control of the actuator is not necessary.
- the throttle elements 11 since the throttle elements 11, as described above, only in the upper piston guide area, ie a Hinhub only at the beginning of the movement, which is characterized by low movement speeds and thus low flow velocities act, they are in fact not important for the gas exchange valve opening movement.
- the series connection of the throttle elements 19 and 25 causes constant at the beginning of the Hinhubes the throttle element 25 and then - as soon as the effective cross section of the throttle element 19 of the throttle element 25 below - the throttle element 19 acts with continuously decreasing cross-section, see above.
- the forward movement of the piston 14 is braked to the end, because the volume flow of V3 to V2 is thus increasingly difficult.
- the diameter of the throttle bores or throttling elements 25 is matched to a maximum design gas force which may be present at the gas exchange valve at the beginning of the movement. If a lower gas force is now present, an increased speed of movement of the piston 14 follows, considered in an infinitesimal time step, which would result in a faster outflow of oil from V3 to V2 and the danger of an uncontrolled movement.
- the behavior of the mechanism is converted into a behavior which continues to increase in proportion to the excess force but increases linearly with the upstroke, which is suitable for controlling the movement.
- Significant here is the point at which the effect of the throttle element 19 exceeds the effect of the throttle element 25. This point is determined by selecting the diameter of the throttle element 25 and the slot width of the throttle element 19.
- the return stroke therefore runs in summary with the above-described volume flows between the volumes and is decelerated to the appropriate level depending on the applied gas force, in principle the braking force increases with the stroke.
- the movement completes the piston 14 until it reaches the lower stop level and thus has completely opened the gas exchange valve 4, the volume V3 is now emptied and V1 filled to the maximum.
- the flow rates come to a halt, the high pressure valve (control valve 32) remains open, so that the actuator (piston 14) is not hydraulically locked.
- control valve 34 the power supply of the low pressure valve (control valve 34) is also deactivated and this brought so in its basic position.
- the volume V2 and thus the volumes V1 and V3 are connected to the tank 35 of the system.
- volume V1 flows into the volume V2 and from this via the discharge line 28 and the low-pressure valve (control valve 34) to the tank 35, so that the volume of the now entering the actuator piston rod 15 is compensated.
- the last phase of the movement is critical, for a wear and quiet and controlled movement of piston 14 and thus the gas exchange valve whose speed when reaching the attacks must not be too high.
- the throttling effect of the throttle elements 11 begins in the upper region of the piston guide.
- the acting throttle cross-section of the throttle element 11 is continuously reduced with the further stroke during an upward movement.
- the outflow from V1 is made more difficult and the piston 14 is increasingly braked so that it reaches the end stop at reduced speed, which therefore also applies to the gas exchange valve.
- Fig. 2 1 shows a detection unit 40 for detecting a position of the valve body 4. More specifically, this detection unit 40 has a transmission means 42, more specifically a plurality of radiation sources 46 arranged in a row, and a reception means 44, more precisely a plurality of detectors 48 arranged in a row Through this interplay of these radiation sources and the detectors, an exact position of a spring plate 5 (and thus also of the valve body 4) can be detected. In addition, it is also possible to determine mathematical derivatives of this position, ie speeds and accelerations of the valve body 4.
- the radiation sources 46 may be, for example, light-emitting diodes.
- the reference numeral 56 refers to a measuring amplifier and the reference numeral 52 to an evaluation logic, which evaluate the signals from the detectors 48, which may be photo-elements.
- the reference numeral 54 denotes a control device for driving the individual radiation sources 46. The values or signals output by the evaluation logic 52 can be used to control the control valves 32, 34.
- the detectors 48 or photoelements are thus arranged in a line in such a way that they are selectively released via the valve movement by the spring plate fastened to the valve.
- the evaluation logic 52 interprets the switching signals and outputs the current valve travel.
- Fig. 4 shows a simplified perspective view of an optical detection device 40 according to the invention. Again, the miniature light barrier is shown, which is composed of the transmitting device 42 and the receiving device 44. The height of these two elements determines the optical resolution of the motion measurement.
- the individual radiation sources 46 emit radiation which is not or only slightly reflected by the spring plate 5, so that such reflections influence the position measurement as little as possible. It would also be possible to color elements, such as the spring element 22 and the spring plate 5 black, in order to better prevent the reflections in this way.
- optical detection An important aspect of the (optical detection) described here is the use of conventional, inexpensive optical electronic components whose switching time is so low when lighting with special diodes, however, that they can detect the high-frequency movement of a gas exchange valve.
- the resolution of the measuring device is determined by the density of the switching elements in the line. The quality of the measurement depends on the downstream evaluation logic, as it must interpret whether there is direct lighting or only a reflection of the lighting and also has to recognize a possible oil wetting.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Actuator (AREA)
- Fluid-Driven Valves (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
- Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
- Lift Valve (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Gaswechselventilanordnung für eine Brennkraftmaschine. Derartige Gaswechselventile sind aus dem Stand der Technik seit langem bekannt. Dabei sind aus dem Stand der Technik unterschiedlichste Prinzipien bekannt, um derartige Gaswechselventile, welche den Betrieb von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen steuern, zu betätigen. So beschreibt beispielsweise die
Die
Aus der
Weitere Gattungsgemäße Anordnungen sind der
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung zur Verfügung zu stellen, welches im Wesentlichen unabhängig von externen Kräften eine hochfrequente und zugleich stabile Bewegung eines Gaswechselventils herbeiführen kann. Dies wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Gaswechselventilanordnung nach Anspruch 1 erreicht. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen und Weiterbildungen sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.The present invention has for its object to provide a device which can bring about a high-frequency and at the same time stable movement of a gas exchange valve substantially independent of external forces. This is inventively achieved by a gas exchange valve assembly according to
Eine erfindungsgemäße Gaswechselventilanordnung weist einen Ventilkörper auf, wobei der Ventilkörper in zwei einander entgegengesetzten geradlinigen Bewegungsrichtungen bewegbar ist. Weiterhin ist ein Betätigungselement zum Betätigen des Ventilkörpers vorgesehen, wobei ein Kolben dieses Betätigungselements in den Bewegungsrichtungen derart bewegbar ist, dass durch eine Bewegung des Kolbens in wenigstens einer Bewegungsrichtung eine Bewegung des Ventilkörpers in dieser Bewegungsrichtung verursacht wird. Erfindungsgemäß ist der Kolben durch ein fließfähiges Medium gegenüber einem Raum bewegbar, wobei der Raum eine Zuführöffnung für das fließfähige Medium aufweist und die Gaswechselventilanordnung eine Drosseleinrichtung aufweist, welche die Bewegung des Kolbens in wenigstens einer Bewegungsrichtung wenigstens zeitweise bzw. abschnittsweise drosselt.A gas exchange valve arrangement according to the invention has a valve body, wherein the valve body is movable in two mutually opposite rectilinear directions of movement. Furthermore, an actuating element for actuating the valve body is provided, wherein a piston of this actuating element is movable in the directions of movement such that a movement of the piston in at least one direction of movement causes a movement of the valve body in this direction of movement. According to the invention the piston is movable by a fluid medium with respect to a space, wherein the space has a feed opening for the flowable medium and the gas exchange valve assembly comprises a throttle device which throttles the movement of the piston in at least one direction of movement at least temporarily or in sections.
Vorzugsweise wird in nur genau einer Bewegungsrichtung durch eine Bewegung des Kolbens eine Bewegung des Ventilkörpers verursacht. Vorzugsweise weist der Ventilkörper einen fest an diesem angeordneten Ventilkopf auf.Preferably, a movement of the valve body is caused in only exactly one direction of movement by a movement of the piston. Preferably, the valve body has a fixedly arranged on this valve head.
Bei dem Ventilkörper handelt es sich dabei um denjenigen Teil des Ventils, der dazu bestimmt ist, mittels des daran angeordneten Ventilkopfes eine Öffnung abzudecken, beispielsweise eine Öffnung innerhalb eines Zylinders eines Verbrennungsmotors. An diesem Ventilkörper ist dabei ein Federteller angeordnet und vorzugsweise formschlüssig mit diesem ausgebildet. Bei diesem Ventilkörper kann es sich dabei abschnittsweise um einen stangenartigen Körper handeln. Bei dem fließfähigen Medium handelt es sich insbesondere um ein flüssiges Medium und besonders bevorzugt um ein Hydrauliköl. Durch die Drosselung der Bewegung des Betätigungselementes in wenigstens einer Bewegungsrichtung kann eine sehr stabile Führung des Betätigungselements und damit auch des Ventilkörpers erreicht werden.The valve body is that part of the valve which is intended to cover an opening, for example an opening within a cylinder of an internal combustion engine, by means of the valve head arranged thereon. In this case, a spring plate is arranged on this valve body and preferably formed with a positive fit therewith. This valve body may be sections of a rod-like body. The flowable medium is in particular a liquid medium and more preferably a hydraulic oil. By throttling the movement of the actuating element in at least one direction of movement, a very stable guidance of the actuating element and thus also of the valve body can be achieved.
Vorzugsweise ist die Drosseleinrichtung derart gestaltet, dass sie die Bewegung des Betätigungselementes in Abhängigkeit von dessen Position in der Bewegungsrichtung unterschiedlich drosselt bzw. dämpft.Preferably, the throttle device is designed such that it throttles or damps the movement of the actuating element differently depending on its position in the direction of movement.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform besteht zwischen dem Betätigungselement und dem Ventilkörper keine formschlüssige Verbindung. Damit sind das Betätigungselement und der Ventilkörper vorzugsweise voneinander trennbar. Dies führt dazu, dass das Betätigungselement dem Ventilkörper in einer Richtung betätigt, nämlich indem es diesen drückt und umgekehrt vorzugsweise in der zweiten Bewegungsrichtung der Ventilkörper das Betätigungselement betätigt.In a preferred embodiment, there is no positive connection between the actuating element and the valve body. Thus, the actuating element and the valve body are preferably separable from each other. This results in that the actuating element actuates the valve body in one direction, namely by pressing it and vice versa preferably in the second direction of movement of the valve body actuates the actuating element.
Bei einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform weist der besagte Raum eine Abführöffnung auf, um das fließfähige Medium aus dem Raum abzuführen. Damit wird insbesondere die Hydraulikflüssigkeit zum Betätigen des Betätigungselements durch den besagten Raum geführt.In a further advantageous embodiment, said space has a discharge opening in order to discharge the flowable medium from the space. In particular, the hydraulic fluid for actuating the actuating element is thus guided through the said space.
Bei einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform weist die Drosseleinrichtung wenigstens ein Drosselelement für das fließfähige Medium auf, das sich in der Bewegungsrichtung des Kolbens erstreckt. Durch das Führen des fließfähigen Mediums in diesem Drosselelement wird eine Drosselung des Bewegungselements erreicht. Vorteilhaft weist die Drosseleinrichtung wenigstens ein Drosselelement auf, das radial außerhalb des Kolbens angeordnet ist. Es wären jedoch auch Ausführungen denkbar, bei denen das Drosselelement innerhalb des Kolbens vorgesehen ist. Dabei ist wenigstens ein Drosselelement als Kanal ausgebildet, der sich besonders bevorzugt im Wesentlichen geradlinig erstreckt. Vorzugsweise sind mehrere und besonders bevorzugt alle Drosselelemente als Kanäle ausgebildet.In a further advantageous embodiment, the throttle device has at least one throttle element for the flowable medium, which extends in the direction of movement of the piston. By guiding the flowable medium in this throttle element throttling of the moving element is achieved. Advantageously, the throttle device has at least one throttle element which is arranged radially outside the piston. However, embodiments would also be conceivable in which the throttle element is provided within the piston. In this case, at least one throttle element is designed as a channel, which particularly preferably extends substantially rectilinearly. Preferably, several and particularly preferably all throttle elements are formed as channels.
Vorzugsweise weist wenigstens ein Drosselelement einen sich in der Bewegungsrichtung des Betätigungselements ändernden Innenquerschnitt auf. Damit kann eine stabile Öffnungsbewegung des Betätigungselements bzw. des Aktuators und damit des Ventils durch ein Dämpfungsvolumen in dem Aktuator bzw. dem Raum erreicht werden, das über besondere Drosseln, die in Abhängigkeit von der translatorischen Bewegung in ihrer Geometrie veränderlich sind, entleert wird. Bevorzugt weist die Gaswechselventilanordnung zwei Drosselelemente bzw. Kanäle auf, die außerhalb des Kolbens verlaufen. Auf diese Weise kann eine besonders stabile Bewegung des Kolbens erreicht werden.At least one throttle element preferably has an inner cross section that changes in the direction of movement of the actuating element. Thus, a stable opening movement of the actuating element or of the actuator and thus of the valve can be achieved by a damping volume in the actuator or the space, which is emptied via special throttles, which are variable depending on the translational movement in their geometry. Preferably, the gas exchange valve arrangement has two throttle elements or channels which extend outside of the piston. In this way, a particularly stable movement of the piston can be achieved.
Vorzugsweise weisen die Drosselelemente bzw. Kanäle in der Bewegungsrichtung veränderliche Querschnitte auf. Vorzugsweise sind in der Bewegungsrichtung wenigstens zwei Kanalabschnitte hintereinander angeordnet und vollständig voneinander getrennt. Diese beiden Kanalabschnitte weisen dabei bevorzugt unterschiedliche Innenquerschnitte auf. Vorzugsweise bewirkt einer diese Kanalabschnitte eine Dämpfung bzw. Drosselung der Bewegung des Kolbens in der ersten Bewegungsrichtung und der zweite Kanalabschnitt eine Drosselung bzw. Dämpfung der Bewegung des Kolbens in der zweiten Bewegungsrichtung. Vorteilhaft ist wenigstens ein Drosselelement bzw. Kanal in Richtung des Kolbens offen. Vorzugsweise weist die Gaswechselventilanordnung wenigstens ein Vorspannelement auf, welches den Ventilkörper in einer Bewegungsrichtung vorspannt. Durch dieses Vorspannelement wird bevorzugt die Schließbewegung des Gaswechselventils und auch des Betätigungselements bzw. auch des Aktuators und die Abfuhr des hydraulischen Mediums aus dem Raum nach entsprechender Verstellung von Schaltelementen durch die mit dem Gaswechselventil verbundene Ventilfeder durchgeführt.The throttle elements or channels preferably have variable cross sections in the direction of movement. Preferably, at least two channel sections are arranged behind one another in the direction of movement and completely separated from each other. These two channel sections preferably have different inner cross sections. Preferably, one of these channel sections causes a damping or throttling of the movement of the piston in the first direction of movement, and the second channel section causes a damping or damping of the movement of the piston in the second direction of movement. At least one throttle element or channel is advantageously open in the direction of the piston. Preferably, the gas exchange valve arrangement has at least one biasing element, which biases the valve body in a direction of movement. By this biasing element, the closing movement of the gas exchange valve and also of the actuating element or the actuator and the removal of the hydraulic medium from the room after appropriate adjustment of switching elements by the valve spring connected to the gas exchange valve is preferably carried out.
Dabei wird vorzugsweise auch diese Bewegung durch ein Dämpfungsvolumen kontrolliert, welches über veränderliche Drosseln entleert wird. Die beiden Drosseln sind, wie oben erwähnt, vorzugsweise in Form von Schlitzen ausgeführt, die aufgrund ihrer Anordnung senkrecht zur Bewegungsrichtung je nach Aktuatorhub verdeckt werden. Durch die oben erwähnte Ausführungsform, dass keine formschlüssige Verbindung zwischen dem Betätigungselement zu dem Gaswechselventil vorliegt, wird erreicht, dass das Gaswechselventil in seiner Ladungswechselcharakteristik und Eigenbewegung nicht behindert wird und das System auch an konventionellen Ventilen angewandt werden kann. Andererseits ist zum Betrieb des Systems trotz dieser zur Instabilität neigenden Ventilanbindung und trotz einer eventuell am Ventil anliegenden Gaskraft keine aktive Lageregelung bzw. Bewegungskontrolle notwendig, wobei dies durch die oben erwähnte Drosseleinrichtung erreicht wird.In this case, preferably, this movement is controlled by a damping volume, which is emptied via variable throttles. The two throttles are, as mentioned above, preferably designed in the form of slots, which are hidden due to their arrangement perpendicular to the direction of movement depending Aktuatorhub. By the above-mentioned embodiment, that there is no positive connection between the actuating element to the gas exchange valve, it is achieved that the gas exchange valve is not hindered in its charge cycle characteristic and proper motion and the system can also be applied to conventional valves. On the other hand, in spite of this instability-prone valve connection and despite any gas force applied to the valve, no active attitude control or movement control is required to operate the system, this being achieved by the above-mentioned throttle device.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform weist die Gaswechselventilanordnung ein erstes Steuerventil auf, welches die Zuführung des fließfähigen Mediums in den Raum steuert. Damit wird vorzugsweise ein extern unter Überdruck bereitgestelltes hydraulisches Medium über das Steuerventil bzw. Schaltelement in einen vorzugsweise durch ein weiteres Schaltelement verschlossenen Aktuator geführt. Dieser Aktuator bzw. dieses Betätigungselement realisiert damit eine translatorische Bewegung, die jeweils auf ein Gaswechselventil der Brennkraftmaschine übertragen wird.In a further advantageous embodiment, the gas exchange valve arrangement has a first control valve which controls the supply of the flowable medium into the room. Thus, an externally provided under positive pressure hydraulic medium via the control valve or switching element is preferably performed in a preferably closed by a further switching element actuator. This actuator or this actuator realized so that a translational movement, which is transmitted in each case to a gas exchange valve of the internal combustion engine.
Bei einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist die Gaswechselventilanordnung ein zweites Steuerventil auf, welches die Abführung des fließfähigen Mediums aus dem Raum steuert.In a further preferred embodiment, the gas exchange valve arrangement has a second control valve which controls the discharge of the flowable medium from the room.
Eine weitere besonders vorteilhafte Ausführungsform sieht vor, dass die Drosseleinrichtung so ausgebildet ist, dass ihre Drosselwirkung in Abhängigkeit von der Lage des Kolbens 14 auf seiner Bewegungsbahn zumindest abschnittweise variiert, insbesondere, dass sie, bei der Annäherung des Kolbens an die Endlagen auf seiner Bewegungsbahn, ansteigt.A further particularly advantageous embodiment provides that the throttle device is designed such that its throttling effect in dependence on the position of the piston 14th varies on its trajectory at least in sections, in particular, that it, as the piston approaches the end positions on its trajectory, increases.
Vorzugsweise handelt es sich bei den beiden Steuerventilen jeweils um Magnetventile. Bei einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform weist die Gaswechselventilanordnung wenigstens eine Positionserfassungseinrichtung auf, welche eine Position des Ventiltellers oder Ventilkörpers in der Bewegungsrichtung erfasst.Preferably, the two control valves are each solenoid valves. In a further advantageous embodiment, the gas exchange valve arrangement has at least one position detection device, which detects a position of the valve disk or valve body in the direction of movement.
Es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass die genannte Positionserfassungseinrichtung auch unabhängig von den oben beschriebenen Ausführungsformen anwendbar ist. Dabei weist vorzugsweise die Positionserfassungseinrichtung wenigstens eine Strahlungseinrichtung und wenigstens eine Strahlungsdetektoreinrichtung auf, wobei die Strahlungseinrichtung und die Strahlungsdetektoreinrichtung derart angeordnet sind, dass ein Strahlengang zwischen der Strahlungseinrichtung und der Strahlungsdetektoreinrichtung wenigstens zeitweise von dem Federteller oder dem Ventilkörper (bzw. einem Abschnitt dieser Elemente) beeinflusst wird. Die Strahlungsdetektoreinrichtung weist wenigstens eine und bevorzugt eine Vielzahl von Photozellen auf.It should be noted that said position detecting means is also applicable independently of the above-described embodiments. In this case, the position detection device preferably has at least one radiation device and at least one radiation detector device, wherein the radiation device and the radiation detector device are arranged such that a beam path between the radiation device and the radiation detector device is at least temporarily influenced by the spring plate or the valve body (or a portion of these elements) becomes. The radiation detector device has at least one and preferably a multiplicity of photocells.
Vorzugsweise wird der Strahlengang wenigstens zeitweise von dem Federteller oder dem Ventilkörper bzw. einem Abschnitt dieser Elemente blockiert. Bei dieser Ausführungsform ist es möglich, die Bewegung des Gaswechselventils der Brennkraftmaschine durch optische Schaltelemente zu erfassen. Vorzugsweise weist die Strahlungsdetektoreinrichtung eine Vielzahl von in der Bewegungsrichtung angeordneten lichtempfindlichen Elementen auf. Dabei sind vorzugsweise diese lichtempfindlichen Elemente zeilenförmig so angeordnet, dass sie punktuell über die Ventilbewegung durch einen an dem Ventil befestigten Federteller freigegeben werden.Preferably, the beam path is at least temporarily blocked by the spring plate or the valve body or a portion of these elements. In this embodiment, it is possible to detect the movement of the gas exchange valve of the internal combustion engine by optical switching elements. Preferably, the radiation detector means comprises a plurality of photosensitive elements arranged in the direction of movement. In this case, these photosensitive elements are preferably arranged in rows so that they are selectively released via the valve movement by a spring plate attached to the valve.
Vorzugsweise weist die Positionserfassungseinrichtung eine Prozessoreinheit auf, welche wenigstens einen für die Bewegung des Ventilkörpers charakteristischen Wert ausgibt. Bei diesem charakteristischen Wert kann es sich um eine Position, eine Geschwindigkeit, eine Beschleunigung und auch ein Ruckverhalten des Ventilkörpers handeln. Damit wird eine nachgeschaltete Auswertelogik vorgeschlagen, welche die Schaltsignale interpretiert und den aktuellen Ventilweg ausgibt. Vorzugsweise werden diese charakteristischen Werte an die oben besagten Steuerventile ausgegeben und auf diese Weise findet eine Regelung der Bewegung des Gaswechselventils statt.The position detection device preferably has a processor unit which outputs at least one characteristic value for the movement of the valve body. This characteristic value may be a position, a velocity, an acceleration and also a jerking behavior of the valve body. Thus, a downstream evaluation logic is proposed, which interprets the switching signals and outputs the current valve travel. Preferably, these characteristic values are output to the above-mentioned control valves, and thus control of the movement of the gas exchange valve takes place.
Diese besagte Ausführungsform erlaubt die Anwendung konventioneller kostengünstiger optischer Elektronikkomponenten, deren Schaltzeit bei Beleuchtung mit speziellen Dioden jedoch so gering ist, dass sie die hochfrequente Bewegung eines Gaswechselventils erfassen können. Die Auflösung dieser Messvorrichtung ist dabei insbesondere durch die Dichte der Schaltelemente bzw. Erfassungseinrichtungen in der Zeile bestimmt. Weiterhin wirkt sich auch die nachgeschaltete Auswertelogik auf die Qualität der Messung aus, da diese die Messsignale interpretieren muss, z.B. dahingehend, ob eine direkte Beleuchtung oder lediglich eine Spiegelung der Beleuchtung vorliegt und bevorzugt auch eine eventuelle Ölbenetzung erkennen muss.This said embodiment allows the use of conventional inexpensive optical electronic components whose switching time is so low when lighting with special diodes, however, that they can detect the high-frequency movement of a gas exchange valve. The resolution of this measuring device is determined in particular by the density of the switching elements or detection devices in the line. Furthermore, the downstream evaluation logic also has an effect on the quality of the measurement, since it must interpret the measurement signals, e.g. To the effect, whether a direct illumination or only a reflection of the illumination is present and preferably also a possible oil wetting must recognize.
Die vorliegende Erfindung ist weiterhin auf einem Verbrennungsmotor mit einer Gaswechselventilanordnung der oben beschriebenen Art gerichtet. Die vorliegende Erfindung ist auch auf ein Kraftfahrzeug insbesondere ein Straßenkraftfahrzeug mit einem Verbrennungsmotor der oben beschriebenen Art gerichtet.The present invention is further directed to an internal combustion engine with a gas exchange valve assembly of the type described above. The present invention is also directed to a motor vehicle, in particular a road motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine of the type described above.
Weitere Vorteile und Ausführungsform ergeben sich aus den beigefügten Zeichnungen:
Darin zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine Querschnittsdarstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Wechselventilanord- nung;
- Fig. 2a
- eine Draufsicht auf die Anordnung aus
Fig. 1 entlang der Linie A aus Fig. - Fig. 2b
- eine Draufsicht auf die Anordnung aus
Fig. 1 entlang der Linie B ausFig. 1 ; - Fig. 3
- eine Darstellung einer optischen Erfassungseinrichtung für die Vorrichtung aus
Fig. 1 ; und - Fig. 4
- eine weitere Darstellung der optischen Erfassungseinrichtung aus
Fig. 3 .
Show:
- Fig. 1
- a cross-sectional view of a shuttle valve arrangement according to the invention;
- Fig. 2a
- a plan view of the arrangement
Fig. 1 along the line A of FIG. - Fig. 2b
- a plan view of the arrangement
Fig. 1 off along the B lineFig. 1 ; - Fig. 3
- a representation of an optical detection device for the device
Fig. 1 ; and - Fig. 4
- a further representation of the optical detection device
Fig. 3 ,
Das Bezugszeichen 12 bezieht sich in seiner Gesamtheit auf ein Betätigungselement, welches den Ventilkörper 4 betätigt.The
Die Gaswechselventilanordnung 1 bzw. das als Aktuator bezeichnete Betätigungselement 12 weist bevorzugt vier Funktionselemente auf, nämlich ein Gehäuse 6, einen Kolben 14, ein in der in
Dabei ist es möglich, dass das Gehäuse zweiteilig ausgeführt ist wobei ein Block (nicht dargestellt) einen Einschub aufnimmt der das Gehäuse 6 bildet. Der Kolben 14 ist in dem besagten Gehäuse 6 an dessen Innenwand geführt.It is possible that the housing is made in two parts, wherein a block (not shown) receives a slot which forms the
Zu dem Zweck der Betätigung des Ventilkörpers 4 kann dem Betätigungselement 12 aus einem Reservoir 7 eine Hydraulikflüssigkeit zugeführt werden, wobei diese Zufuhr durch das erste Steuerventil 32 gesteuert wird. Ausgehend von diesem ersten Steuerventil 32 gelangt die Hydraulikflüssigkeit in einen in seiner Gesamtheit mit 16 bezeichneten Raum.For the purpose of actuating the
Innerhalb des Raums 16 werden durch die oben genannten Funktionselemente 6, 14, 32, 34 die Volumina V1, V2 und V3 und die Drosselelemente 11, 19 und 25 gebildet. Die Drosselelemente 11, 19 und 25 werden auch in ihrer Gesamtheit als Drosseleinrichtungen 30 bezeichnet und sind seitlich bezüglich des Kolbens 14 angeordnet.Within the
Das Volumen V1 entsteht über dem Kolben 14, sobald sich dieser nicht in der oberen Endposition befindet. In
In
Diese Drosselelemente 11 sind in Form von zwei gegenüberliegenden Schlitzen 11 in die Führungswand, an der der Kolben 14 entlangläuft, eingebracht. Dadurch ergibt sich, dass der wirkende Querschnitt der Schlitze 11, also der Querschnitt der Drosselelemente 11 von der Position des Kolbens 14 abhängt.These
Das Volumen V2 ist über die hintereinander geschalteten Drosselelemente 19 und 25, welche wie die Drosselelemente 11 paarweise gegenüberliegend ausgeführt sind, mit dem Volumen V3 verbunden. Das ebenfalls ringförmige Volumen V3 wird unterhalb des Kolbens 14 zwischen einer innen liegenden Kolbenstange bzw. Betätigungsstange 15 und der außen liegenden Kolbenführungswand gebildet.The volume V2 is connected via the series-connected
Durch das Eintreten der Hydraulikflüssigkeit in den Raum 16 wird der Kolben 14, an dem die angesprochene Betätigungsstange 15 angeordnet ist, ausgehend von der in
Bei einer Abwärtsbewegung des Kolbens 14 wird das Volumen V3 verkleinert und V1 wie bereits erwähnt, vergrößert. V2 behält sein Volumen stets bei. Die Drosselelemente 25 sind in Form von kreisrunden Bohrungen, welche parallel zur Kolbenachse verlaufen, im Gehäuse 6 beziehungsweise dem oben genannten Einschub angeordnet und erstrecken sich bis zur unteren Anschlagebene der Kolbenführung.In a downward movement of the
Die Kolbenführungswand ist im unteren Führungsbereich durch Schlitze 19 so durchbrochen, dass diese die Drosselbohrungen 25 mit dem Volumen V3 verbinden. Diese Schlitze 19 bilden die Drosselelemente D2, welche also eine direkte Verbindung zu dem Volumen V3 aufweisen, jedoch zu V2 nur über die Drosselelemente 25 verbunden sind (Hintereinanderschaltung der Drosselelemente 25 und 19). Ähnlich wie bei den Drosselelementen bzw. Drosselschlitzen 11 ist der wirkende Verbindungsquerschnitt, den die Drosselelemente 19 zur Überleitung an 25 freigeben, von der Position des Kolbens 14 abhängig und wird bei einer Abwärtsbewegung kontinuierlich verkleinert.The piston guide wall is pierced in the lower guide region by
Das Hochdruckventil (Steuerventil 32) ist, wie bereits erwähnt, stromaufwärts über Leitungen mit dem unter Systemdruck stehenden Reservoir 7 (Öldruckquelle P) verbunden. Stromabwärts ist es mit dem Volumen V1 verbunden. Da das Hochdruckventil (Steuerventil 32) im Grundzustand verschlossen ist, wirkt in diesem Zustand der Systemdruck nicht im Volumen V1, des Weiteren findet kein Ölvolumenstrom von der Öldruckquelle P über das Steuerventil 32 in das Volumen V1 statt.The high-pressure valve (control valve 32) is, as already mentioned, connected upstream via lines to the system pressure reservoir 7 (oil pressure source P). Downstream, it is connected to the volume V1. Since the high pressure valve (control valve 32) is closed in the ground state, in this state, the system pressure does not work in the volume V1, further finds no oil flow from the oil pressure source P via the
Das Niederdruckventil (Steuerventil 34) ist stromaufwärts mit dem Volumen V2 verbunden, stromabwärts über Leitungen mit einem (drucklosen) Tank 35 des Systems. Da das Niederdruckventil (Steuerventil 34) im Grundzustand geöffnet ist, sind die Volumina V1, V2 und V3 des Aktuators drucklos, auch hier liegt kein Volumenstrom vor. Jedoch sind alle Volumina mit Öl gefüllt und das System ist komplett entlüftet.The low-pressure valve (control valve 34) is connected upstream to the volume V2, downstream via lines to a (pressureless) tank 35 of the system. Since the low-pressure valve (control valve 34) is open in the ground state, the volumes V1, V2 and V3 of the actuator are depressurized, again, there is no volume flow. However, all volumes are filled with oil and the system is completely deaerated.
Im Folgenden wird detailliert die Funktion des erfindungsgemäßen Gaswechselventils beschrieben.The function of the gas exchange valve according to the invention is described in detail below.
Durch Anlegen einer Spannung wird das Niederdruckventil (Steuerventil 34) von seiner in der Skizze gezeigten Grundposition in die Schaltposition gebracht. So wird die Verbindung des Volumens V2 und somit der Volumina V1 und V3 mit dem Tank 35 des Systems unterbunden, ein Volumenstrom fließt nicht.By applying a voltage, the low-pressure valve (control valve 34) is brought from its basic position shown in the sketch in the switching position. Thus, the connection of the volume V2 and thus the volumes V1 and V3 is prevented with the tank 35 of the system, a volume flow does not flow.
Anschließend wird das Hochdruckventil (Steuerventil 32) durch Anlegen einer Spannung von seiner in
Der Druck der Öldruckquelle P wirkt nun in den Volumina V1, V2 und V3. Da die zu V1 hingewandte Kolbenfläche größer ist als die zu V3 gewandte, entsteht eine Kraft, die den Kolben 14 in eine Abwärtsbewegung versetzt. Bei dieser Bewegung liegen verschiedene Volumenströme im Aktuator vor. Öl fließt vom Volumen V3 über das Drosselelement 19 zu dem Drosselelement 25 und anschließend in das Volumen V2.The pressure of the oil pressure source P now acts in the volumes V1, V2 and V3. Since the piston face facing V1 is larger than the one facing V3, a force is created which causes the
Der Querschnitt der Bohrungen des Drosselelements 25 ist durch die Wahl des Bohrungsdurchmessers und der Schlitzbreite zu Beginn des Hubes kleiner als der wirkende Querschnitt der Drosselelemente bzw. Schlitze 19. Daraus ergibt sich, dass das Drosselelement 25 zu Beginn des Hubes maßgeblich für die Drosselung des Volumenstromes von V3 zu V2 ist und das Drosselelement 19 im späteren Hubverlauf diese Rolle übernimmt, da die Schlitze durch den Kolben 14 zunehmend verdeckt werden.The cross section of the holes of the
Weiterhin tritt ein Volumenstrom von V2 zu V1 auf, der solange über die Drosselelemente 11 fließt, bis die obere Kolbenkante die untere Drosselkante passiert hat, siehe oben. Anschließend fließt der Volumenstrom zwischen V2 und V1 über die beschriebene Zylindermantelfläche. Das Gesamtvolumen des Aktuators aus V1, V2 und V3 wird bei der Abwärtsbewegung um das Volumen der aus dem Aktuator ausfahrenden Kolbenstange 14, welche so das Gaswechselventil und dessen Federeinrichtung 22 betätigt, vergrößert. Diese Vergrößerung wird durch den Volumenstrom aus der Öldruckquelle P über das Hochdruckventil (Steuerventil 32) in das Volumen V1 ausgeglichen.Furthermore, a volume flow of V2 to V1 occurs, which flows over the
Durch die Drosselung der Volumenströme an den Drosselelementen 11, 19 und 25 wird die Bewegung des Kolbens 14 und somit des Gaswechselventils 1 beeinflusst. Prinzipiell gilt, dass der Drosselquerschnitt die Fließgeschwindigkeit und damit verbunden den Druckverlauf in einem angeschlossenen druckbeaufschlagten Volumen bestimmt, im vorliegenden Fall also die Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit des Kolbens 14 und die Kraft an der jeweiligen Kolbenfläche verändert.By throttling the volume flows at the
Die Drosselung der einzelnen beschriebenen Volumenströme an den restlichen Geometrien und Bauteilen des Aktuators (wie zum Beispiel an den Steuerventilen 32, 34) und die Kompressibilität des Drucköls wird in dieser Beschreibung vernachlässigt. Für den Hinhub des Kolbens 14 ist das fehlen einer formschlüssigen Anbindung des Gaswechselventilschaftendes an den Aktuator (Kolben 14) sehr vorteilhaft. Je nach Motorbetriebspunkt kann eine mit diesem variierende Gaskraft am Gaswechselventil anliegen, die durch den Aktuator (Kolben 14) mit einer ausreichend großen Kraft überwunden werden muss.The throttling of the individual described volume flows on the remaining geometries and components of the actuator (such as on the
Liegt die Gaskraft jedoch bei einem anderen Betriebspunkt nicht an oder ist diese geringer als die Auslegungskraft, darf der Aktuator (Kolben 14) die beweglichen Elemente des Ventilkörpers 4 nicht so stark beschleunigen, dass sich der Kraftschluss zwischen Gaswechselventilschaftende und Aktuator (Kolben 14) löst, da in diesem Fall eine unkontrollierte Bewegung des Gaswechselventils vorläge. Dies wird durch das Zusammenspiel der Drosselelemente 19 und 25 vermieden, so dass eine aktive Lage- beziehungsweise Kraftregelung des Aktuators nicht nötig ist.However, if the gas force is not present at another operating point or is less than the design force, the actuator (piston 14) must not accelerate the movable elements of the
Da die Drosselelemente 11, wie oben beschrieben, nur im oberen Kolbenführungsbereich, also bei einem Hinhub nur zu Beginn der Bewegung, der durch geringe Bewegungsgeschwindigkeiten und somit durch geringe Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten geprägt ist, wirken, sind sie für die Gaswechselventilöffnungsbewegung faktisch nicht von Bedeutung. Die Hintereinanderschaltung der Drosselelemente 19 und 25 führt dazu, dass zu Beginn des Hinhubes konstant das Drosselelement 25 und anschließend - sobald der wirksame Querschnitt des Drosselelement 19 den des Drosselelements 25 unterschreitet - das Drosselelement 19 mit sich kontinuierlich verkleinerndem Querschnitt wirkt, siehe oben.Since the
Grundsätzlich wird so erreicht, dass die Hinbewegung des Kolbens 14 zum Ende gebremst wird, denn der Volumenstrom von V3 zu V2 wird so zunehmend erschwert. Der Durchmesser der Drosselbohrungen bzw. Drosselelemente 25 ist auf eine maximale Auslegungsgaskraft, die am Gaswechselventil zum Beginn der Bewegung anliegen kann, abgestimmt. Liegt nun eine geringere Gaskraft an, folgt zunächst - in einem infinitesimalen Zeitschritt betrachtet - eine erhöhte Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit des Kolbens 14, was ein schnelleres Abfließen von Öl aus V3 in V2 und die Gefahr einer unkontrollierten Bewegung zur Folge hätte.Basically, it is achieved that the forward movement of the
Da dies jedoch weiterhin zu einem Druckanstieg in V3 führt, erhöht sich auch die an der Kolbenunterseite wirkende Kraft, welche der von der Kolbenoberseite bereitgestellten, in dieser Situation überschüssigen Kraft entgegenwirkt. Wären lediglich die Drosselelemente 25 vorhanden, wäre die Wirkung dieses Mechanismus proportional zur überschüssigen Kraft (Auslegungskraft minus aktuelle Gaskraft) und über dem Hub konstant. Simulationen haben gezeigt, das dies zur Herbeiführung einer stabilen Bewegung von Kolben 14 und Gaswechselventil bei verschiedenen Gaskräften nicht ausreichend ist.However, since this still leads to a pressure increase in V3, the force acting on the piston underside force, which counteracts the force provided by the piston top, in this situation excess force increases. If only the
Durch die Ergänzung der Drosselelemente 25 um die Drosselelemente 19 in Reihenschaltung wird das Verhalten des Mechanismus in ein weiterhin proportional zur überschüssigen Kraft, jedoch mit dem Hinhub linear ansteigendes Verhalten überführt, was zur Kontrolle der Bewegung geeignet ist. Bedeutsam ist dabei der Punkt, an dem die Wirkung des Drosselelements 19 die Wirkung des Drosselelements 25 übersteigt. Dieser Punkt wird durch Wahl des Durchmessers des Drosselelements 25 und der Schlitzbreite des Drosselelements 19 festgelegt.By supplementing the throttling
In der ausgeführten Version konnte es durch iteratives Anpassen der beschriebenen Kennlinie über die vorgenannten Parameter (Durchmessers des Drosselelements 25 und Schlitzbreite des Drosselelements 19) erreicht werden, dass sich die Öffnungsbewegungen des Gaswechselventils mit maximaler und ohne Gaskraft nur geringfügig unterscheiden und stets eine kontrollierte Bewegung vorliegt.In the version carried out it could be achieved by iteratively adapting the described characteristic over the aforementioned parameters (diameter of the
Durch diese gezielte Anordnung und Kombination der speziellen hydraulischen Elemente kann ein Hydraulikzylinder der vorstehend beschriebenen Art ohne Lageregelung und nahezu unabhängig von einer externen Kraft eine hochfrequente und zugleich stabile Bewegung eines Gaswechselventils herbeiführen.By this specific arrangement and combination of the special hydraulic elements, a hydraulic cylinder of the type described above without position control and almost independent of an external force cause a high-frequency and stable movement of a gas exchange valve.
Der Hinhub läuft also zusammenfassend mit den oben beschriebenen Volumenströmen zwischen den Volumina ab und wird je nach anliegender Gaskraft auf entsprechendem Niveau gebremst, grundsätzlich nimmt die Bremskraft mit dem Hub zu. Die Bewegung vollführt der Kolben 14 bis er die untere Anschlagebene erreicht und somit das Gaswechselventil 4 vollständig geöffnet hat, das Volumen V3 ist jetzt entleert und V1 maximal gefüllt. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt kommen die Volumenströme zum Erliegen, das Hochdruckventil (Steuerventil 32) bleibt weiterhin geöffnet, so dass der Aktuator (Kolben 14) nicht hydraulisch verriegelt wird.The return stroke therefore runs in summary with the above-described volume flows between the volumes and is decelerated to the appropriate level depending on the applied gas force, in principle the braking force increases with the stroke. The movement completes the
Durch Abschalten der Spannungsversorgung des Hochdruckventils (Steuerventil 32) wird dieses in seine Grundposition gebracht. So wird die Verbindung des Volumens V1 und somit der Volumina V2 und V3 mit der Öldruckquelle P (Reservoir 7) unterbunden, ein Volumenstrom fließt nicht.By switching off the power supply of the high pressure valve (control valve 32) this is brought into its basic position. Thus, the connection of the volume V1 and thus the volumes V2 and V3 with the oil pressure source P (Reservoir 7) is prevented, a volume flow does not flow.
Anschließend wird die Spannungsversorgung des Niederdruckventils (Steuerventil 34) ebenfalls deaktiviert und dieses so in seine Grundposition gebracht. Das Volumen V2 und somit die Volumina V1 und V3 werden mit dem Tank 35 des Systems verbunden.Subsequently, the power supply of the low pressure valve (control valve 34) is also deactivated and this brought so in its basic position. The volume V2 and thus the volumes V1 and V3 are connected to the tank 35 of the system.
Während des Hinhubes wurde neben der Bewegung des Gaswechselventils die Feder 22 des Ventils gespannt. Diese erzeugt eine Kraft, die den Kolben 14, da dessen Oberseite nun drucklos also kraftlos ist, in eine Aufwärtsbewegung versetzt. Die zuvor beschriebenen Volumenströme verlaufen nun in entgegengesetzter Richtung. Der Volumenstrom vom Volumen V2 in das Volumen V3 fließt jedoch in diesem Fall nicht über die Drosselelemente 19 und 25, sondern über in
Des Weiteren fließt ein Volumenstrom vom Volumen V1 in das Volumen V2 und von diesem über die Abführleitung 28 und das Niederdruckventil (Steuerventil 34) zum Tank 35, so dass das Volumen der nun in den Aktuator einfahrenden Kolbenstange 15 ausgeglichen wird.Furthermore, a volumetric flow of the volume V1 flows into the volume V2 and from this via the
Für den Rückhub ist die letzte Phase der Bewegung entscheidend, für eine verschleiß- und geräuscharme und kontrollierte Bewegung von Kolben 14 und damit des Gaswechselventils darf dessen Geschwindigkeit beim Erreichen der Anschläge nicht zu hoch sein. Wie oben bereits angedeutet, setzt im oberen Bereich der Kolbenführung die drosselnde Wirkung der Drosselelemente 11 ein. Sobald die obere Kolbenkante die untere Drosselkante der Drosselelemente 11 passiert, wird nämlich der wirkende Drosselquerschnitt des Drosselelementes 11 mit dem weiteren Hubverlauf bei einer Aufwärtsbewegung kontinuierlich reduziert. Der Abfluss aus V1 wird erschwert und der Kolben 14 zunehmend gebremst, so dass er mit reduzierter Geschwindigkeit den Endanschlag erreicht, was somit auch für das Gaswechselventil gilt.For the return stroke, the last phase of the movement is critical, for a wear and quiet and controlled movement of
Auf diese Weise wird auch bei der Zurückbewegung der Kolben zunächst schneller und am Ende der Bewegungen langsamer bewegt. Überschüssiges Hydraulikmittel wird dabei durch eine Abführleitung 28 und das nunmehr geöffnete Schaltventil 34 aus dem Betätigungselement 12 ausgeleitet.In this way, the piston is initially moved faster and at the end of the movements slower in the return movement. Excess hydraulic fluid is discharged through a
Nachdem alle Volumenströme zum Erliegen gekommen sind, ist das System wieder in den in der Skizze ersichtlichen Grundzustand zurückgekehrt.After all volume flows have come to a standstill, the system has returned to the basic state shown in the sketch.
Zusammenfassend ist festzuhalten, dass ein bedeutsamer Aspekt der Erfindung in der gezielten Anordnung und Kombination spezieller hydraulischer Elemente auf neue Art und Weise liegt, so dass ein Hydraulikzylinder (Aktuator) ohne Lageregelung und nahezu unabhängig von einer externen Kraft eine hochfrequente und zugleich stabile Bewegung eines Gaswechselventils herbeiführen kann.In summary, it should be noted that a significant aspect of the invention in the targeted arrangement and combination of special hydraulic elements in a new way, so that a hydraulic cylinder (actuator) without position control and almost independent of an external force high-frequency and stable movement of a gas exchange valve can bring about.
Das Bezugszeichen 56 bezieht sich auf einen Messverstärker und das Bezugszeichen 52 auf eine Auswertelogik, die die Signale von den Detektoren 48, bei denen es sich um Photoelemente handeln kann, auswerten. Das Bezugszeichen 54 kennzeichnet ein Steuergerät zum Ansteuern der einzelnen Strahlungsquellen 46. Die von der Auswertelogik 52 ausgegebenen Werte bzw. Signale können zum Ansteuern der Steuerventile 32, 34 verwendet werden.The
Die Detektoren 48 bzw. Photoelemente sind damit zeilenförmig so angeordnet, dass sie punktuell über die Ventilbewegung durch den am Ventil befestigen Federteller freigegeben werden. Die Auswertelogik 52 interpretiert die Schaltsignale und gibt den aktuellen Ventilweg aus.The
Vorzugsweise geben die einzelnen Strahlungsquellen 46 eine Strahlung aus, die nicht oder nur gering von dem Federteller 5 reflektiert wird, so dass derartige Reflexe die Positionsmessung möglichst wenig beeinflussen. Auch wäre es möglich, Elemente, wie das Federelement 22 und den Federteller 5 schwarz einzufärben, um auf diese Weise die Reflexe besser verhindern zu können.Preferably, the
Ein bedeutender Aspekt der hier beschriebenen (optischen Erfassung) liegt in der Anwendung konventioneller, kostengünstiger optischer Elektronikkomponenten, deren Schaltzeit bei Beleuchtung mit speziellen Dioden jedoch so gering ist, dass sie die hochfrequente Bewegung eines Gaswechselventils erfassen können. Die Auflösung der Messvorrichtung ist durch die Dichte der Schaltelemente in der Zeile bestimmt. Die Qualität der Messung ist von der nachgeschalteten Auswertelogik abhängig, da diese interpretieren muss, ob eine direkte Beleuchtung oder lediglich eine Spiegelung der Beleuchtung vorliegt und außerdem eine eventuelle Ölbenetzung zu erkennen hat.An important aspect of the (optical detection) described here is the use of conventional, inexpensive optical electronic components whose switching time is so low when lighting with special diodes, however, that they can detect the high-frequency movement of a gas exchange valve. The resolution of the measuring device is determined by the density of the switching elements in the line. The quality of the measurement depends on the downstream evaluation logic, as it must interpret whether there is direct lighting or only a reflection of the lighting and also has to recognize a possible oil wetting.
Sämtliche in den Anmeldungsunterlagen offenbarten Merkmale werden als erfindungswesentlich beansprucht, sofern sie einzeln oder in Kombination gegenüber dem Stand der Technik neu sind.All disclosed in the application documents features are claimed as essential to the invention, provided they are new individually or in combination over the prior art.
- 11
- GaswechselventilanordnungGas exchange valve arrangement
- 22
- Ventilkopfvalve head
- 44
- Ventilkörpervalve body
- 55
- Federtellerspring plate
- 66
- Gehäusecasing
- 77
- Reservoirreservoir
- 1111
- Schlitzeslots
- 1212
- Betätigungselementactuator
- 1414
- Kolbenpiston
- 1515
- Betätigungsstangeactuating rod
- 1616
- Raumroom
- 1818
- Zuführleitungfeed
- 1919
- Schlitz (für Öffnungsbewegung des Ventils)Slot (for opening movement of the valve)
- 2222
- Federungseinrichtungsuspension device
- 2525
- Drossel, BohrungThrottle, drilling
- 2727
- Wandungwall
- 2828
- Abführleitungdischarge
- 2929
- materialfreier Raummaterial-free space
- 3030
- Drosseleinrichtungthrottling device
- 3232
- erstes Steuerventilfirst control valve
- 3434
- zweites Steuerventilsecond control valve
- 3535
- Tanktank
- 4040
- PositionserfassungseinrichtungPosition detection device
- 4242
- Sendeeinrichtungtransmitting device
- 4444
- Empfangseinrichtungreceiver
- 4646
- Strahlungsquelleradiation source
- 4848
- Detektorendetectors
- 5252
- Auswertelogikevaluation logic
- 5454
- Steuergerätcontrol unit
- 5656
- Messverstärkermeasuring amplifiers
- B1, B2B1, B2
- entgegen gesetzte Bewegungsrichtungenopposite directions of movement
- V1, V2, V3V1, V2, V3
- Voluminavolumes
Claims (15)
- A gas exchange valve arrangement (1), in particular for a combustion engine, with a valve body (4), the valve body being movable in two opposing rectilinear directions of movement (B1, B2), and with an actuating element (12) for actuating the valve body (4), a piston (14) of the actuating element (12) being movable in the directions of movement (B1, B2) such that due to a movement of the piston (14) in at least one direction of movement (B1, B2) a movement of the valve body (4) in this direction of movement (B1, B2) is caused, the piston (14) being a piston movable with respect to a space (16) by a free-flowing medium, the space (16) having a supply opening (18) for the free-flowing medium and the gas exchange valve arrangement (1) having a constriction means (30) which at least at times constricts the movement of the piston (14) in at least one direction of movement (B 1, B2), characterised in that the constriction means (30) has a plurality of constriction elements (11, 19, 25) for the free-flowing medium which extended [sic] in the direction of movement (B1, B2) of the piston (14), the constriction elements (11, 19, 25) having different internal cross-sections and being arranged radially outside the piston (14).
- A gas exchange valve arrangement (1) according to Claim 1, characterised in that there is a non-positive connection between the actuating element (12) and the valve body (4).
- A gas exchange valve arrangement (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the free-flowing medium is a liquid medium.
- A gas exchange valve arrangement (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the space (16) has a discharge opening (28) in order to discharge the free-flowing medium from the space (16).
- A gas exchange valve arrangement (1) according to at least one of the preceding Claims 5 - 7, characterised in that the gas exchange valve arrangement (1) has at least two constriction elements (11, 19) which are arranged outside the piston (14).
- A gas exchange valve arrangement (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the gas exchange valve arrangement (1) has at least one pretensioning element which pre-tensions the valve body (4) in one direction of movement (B1,B2).
- A gas exchange valve arrangement (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the gas exchange valve arrangement (1) has a first control valve (32) which controls the supply of the free-flowing medium into the space (16).
- A gas exchange valve arrangement (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the gas exchange valve arrangement (1) has a second control valve (34) which controls the discharge of the free-flowing medium from the space (16).
- A gas exchange valve arrangement (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the constriction means (30) is formed such that its choking action varies, at least in sections, dependent on the position of the piston (14) on its path of movement.
- A gas exchange valve arrangement (1) according to Claim 9, characterised in that the choking action increases as the piston (14) approaches at least one end position of its path of movement.
- A gas exchange valve arrangement (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the gas exchange valve arrangement (1) has at least one position detection means (40) which detects at least one position of the valve body (4) in the direction of movement (B1, B2).
- A gas exchange valve arrangement (1) according to Claim 11, characterised in that the position detection means (40) has at least one transmission means (42) and at least one receiving means (44), the transmission means (42) and the receiving means (44) being arranged such that a beam path between the transmission means (42) and the receiving means (44) is influenced at least at times by the spring plate (5) or the valve body (4) or an add-on part connected to the spring plate (5) or the valve body (4).
- A gas exchange valve arrangement (1) according to at least one of the preceding Claims 11 - 12, characterised in that the transmission means (42) has a large number of radiation sources (46) arranged one behind the other in the direction of movement (B1, B2) and/or in that the receiving means (44) has a large number of detectors (48) arranged one behind the other in the direction of movement (B1, B2).
- A gas exchange valve arrangement (1) according to at least one of the preceding Claims 11 - 13, characterised in that the position detection means (40) has a processor unit which emits at least one value characteristic for a movement of the valve head (2).
- A combustion engine with at least one gas exchange valve arrangement (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102008054014A DE102008054014A1 (en) | 2008-10-30 | 2008-10-30 | Gas exchange valve for internal combustion engines |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2182184A1 EP2182184A1 (en) | 2010-05-05 |
EP2182184B1 true EP2182184B1 (en) | 2011-08-24 |
Family
ID=41600354
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09012954A Active EP2182184B1 (en) | 2008-10-30 | 2009-10-14 | Gas exchange valve for combustion engines |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8613264B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2182184B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101922323B (en) |
AT (1) | ATE521793T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102008054014A1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2518319C2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US9725994B2 (en) * | 2013-10-28 | 2017-08-08 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Flow control assembly actuated by pilot pressure |
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-
2008
- 2008-10-30 DE DE102008054014A patent/DE102008054014A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2009
- 2009-10-14 EP EP09012954A patent/EP2182184B1/en active Active
- 2009-10-14 AT AT09012954T patent/ATE521793T1/en active
- 2009-10-29 RU RU2009140131/06A patent/RU2518319C2/en active
- 2009-10-29 US US12/608,577 patent/US8613264B2/en active Active
- 2009-10-30 CN CN2009102090590A patent/CN101922323B/en active Active
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DE102008054014A1 (en) | 2010-05-06 |
US8613264B2 (en) | 2013-12-24 |
EP2182184A1 (en) | 2010-05-05 |
US20100108003A1 (en) | 2010-05-06 |
CN101922323A (en) | 2010-12-22 |
RU2009140131A (en) | 2011-05-10 |
CN101922323B (en) | 2013-12-25 |
RU2518319C2 (en) | 2014-06-10 |
ATE521793T1 (en) | 2011-09-15 |
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