EP2178100B1 - Elektrisches Schaltgerät, das mit zwei Schaltern ausgerüstet ist, wie etwa einem Sammelschienentrennschalter und einem Erdungstrenner, einschließlich der gemeinsamen Antriebsmittel der mobilen Kontakte der Schalter - Google Patents

Elektrisches Schaltgerät, das mit zwei Schaltern ausgerüstet ist, wie etwa einem Sammelschienentrennschalter und einem Erdungstrenner, einschließlich der gemeinsamen Antriebsmittel der mobilen Kontakte der Schalter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2178100B1
EP2178100B1 EP09172750A EP09172750A EP2178100B1 EP 2178100 B1 EP2178100 B1 EP 2178100B1 EP 09172750 A EP09172750 A EP 09172750A EP 09172750 A EP09172750 A EP 09172750A EP 2178100 B1 EP2178100 B1 EP 2178100B1
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Prior art keywords
lever
movable
hollow tube
levers
straight line
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EP09172750A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2178100A1 (de
Inventor
Bernard Gelloz
Christophe Rech
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Grid Solutions SAS
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Areva T&D SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H31/00—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H31/003—Earthing switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/32—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts
    • H01H3/46—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts using rod or lever linkage, e.g. toggle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details

Definitions

  • the invention generally relates to the field of high or medium voltage electrical switching apparatus comprising two switches, such as a bar switch and an earthing switch.
  • the invention relates to apparatus of this type in which one of the switches is a bar switch and the other of the switches is an earthing switch.
  • each switch such as a disconnector comprises a pair of contacts consisting of a fixed contact and a movable contact in translation so as to separate mutually when switching.
  • the main application is the medium or high electrical voltage in which the bar disconnector and the earthing switch are arranged in insulating envelopes each filled with a dielectric gas under a controlled atmosphere, such as SF6.
  • interlocking devices the purpose of which is to ensure the safety of persons and equipment, have the function of allowing the position of the bar switch to be kept in the open position when the earthing switch is in the closed position. last not to take place in the presence of an electrical voltage on the main electrical circuit.
  • the document EP 0 735 637 B1 discloses in its embodiment of Figure 8, an electrical switching apparatus comprising two bar disconnectors 28, 35; 29, 36 in which the two movable contacts 35, 36 movable in translation are each connected by means of a coupling rod 42, 43 of generally rectilinear shape to a single-arm lever 45.
  • This lever 45 is itself fixed to a rotation shaft 21 whose axis of rotation is arranged at the intersection of the respective translation axes of the contacts 35, 36.
  • the document EP 1 082 791 B1 also discloses in its embodiment of the figure 2 an electrical switching apparatus comprising a bar switch 53, 31 and an earthing switch 55, 16 in which the two movable translational contacts 53, 55 are each connected via a connecting rod 74, 75
  • This lever 71 is itself fixed to a rotation shaft 7 whose axis of rotation is arranged at a distance a1, a2 of the respective translation axes of the contacts 53, 55.
  • the document EP 1 068 659 B1 discloses, in its embodiment of the figure 2 an electrical switching apparatus comprising two switches 25, 22, 23; 24, 22, 23 in which a single contact 22 movable in translation is connected, via a bushing 26 arranged in the contact 22, to a single-arm lever 61.
  • This lever 61 is itself fixed to a rotation shaft 5 whose axis of rotation is arranged at a distance from the translation axis of the movable contact 22.
  • the transmission ratio (ratio between the linear stroke of the movable contact 22 and the angular travel of the rotation shaft 5 ) is very high close to the closed positions (mutual support of the movable contact 22 with the corresponding fixed contact 23 or with the fixed contact 24).
  • Such a high ratio requires a high torque on the shaft 5.
  • a radial force reacts on the movable contact 22 near the closed positions with the risk that it rotates.
  • the structures of the disclosed devices are not optimal for use in very high voltage because the dielectric cover of the transmission elements (shaft, lever (s), connecting rod) is difficult to achieve.
  • the size, cost and assembly of the electrical switching apparatus comprising two switches, as currently proposed, can be further improved.
  • the object of the invention is thus to propose an improvement of the switching apparatus in this sense.
  • the invention relates to a control mechanism of an electrical switching apparatus comprising two switches, such as a bar disconnector and an earthing switch, each of which comprises a pair of contacts comprising a fixed contact and a contact movable in translation so as to separate each other during a switch, wherein the control mechanism comprises common means for driving the movable contacts which allow the opening of one of the switches while now closing the other switches and vice versa, a mechanism in which the geometric shape, the dimensions and the arrangement of the movable contacts and their drive means allow to cross the translation travel of the movable contacts.
  • crossing the translation races it should be understood here and in the context of the invention that, seen in a direction corresponding to that of the axis of rotation, the movable contacts have translational strokes which interlock or in other words, overlap.
  • the hollow tube has a slot made over part of its height from its opposite end to that facing the associated fixed contact, this slot being arranged to allow the elongate lever to be inserted during the translation of the hollow tube and increase its stroke of translation of its open position to its closed position.
  • the hollow tube has a slot made over part of its height from its end opposite to that facing the associated fixed contact, this slot being arranged to allow the elongate lever to be inserted during the translation. of the hollow tube and to increase the translation stroke of the other movable contact from its open position to its closed position.
  • the lever articulated between the right lever secured to the axis of rotation and the solid rod has a curved shape to reduce the radial forces on the rod near its closed position.
  • the solid rod has a slot made over part of its height from its opposite end to that opposite the associated fixed contact, this slot being arranged to allow the curved lever to be inserted during the translation of the rod and to increase both its translational stroke from its open position to its closed position and the translational travel of the hollow tube.
  • At least one of the two drive assemblies consists of a pair of levers, one of which is integral with the axis of rotation and the other articulated with one of the movable contacts and with the lever of training.
  • one of the two drive assemblies such as that of the movable bar switch contact, consists of a disk cam integral with the axis of rotation and a pair of levers, one of the levers comprising one end is fixed to a fixed hinge point and the other is articulated to the other of the levers itself articulated to one of the movable contacts, the lever to a fixed hinge point comprising a lug arranged between its two ends and housed in a groove in the cam forming a follower mechanism in which the geometric shape, the length and arrangement of the pair of levers, and the profile of the cam groove allows to have a ratio additional drive between the disk cam and the associated moving contact.
  • the invention also relates to an electrical switching apparatus comprising a casing in which are housed at least partially the movable contacts of two switches, such as a bar switch and an earthing switch and a control mechanism described above.
  • This apparatus may comprise a guide tube for guiding one of the movable contacts on a part of its translation travel.
  • the movable contact guided by the guide tube is advantageously the grounding rod.
  • the invention relates to a medium and high voltage sub-tank, comprising, at least for one phase, an electrical switching apparatus mentioned above.
  • a medium and high voltage sub-tank according to the invention has, for each phase, the envelope of the electrical switching apparatus described above which is housed in a given metal tank.
  • the station according to the invention can thus have the three metal tanks interconnected by a linkage system moved in translation by an actuator and adapted to simultaneously rotate the control mechanisms of the apparatus.
  • the following figures show a switching device A according to the invention which makes it possible to perform the switching of a single pole. It goes without saying that the arrangement described hereinafter of a switching apparatus can be repeated for each pole in the case of a multipole combination.
  • FIG. 1 On the figure 1 is shown a part of a three-phase electrical switching station 1 comprising three identical envelopes. Only one envelope 2A is shown. Inside it is housed a switching device according to the invention. Each of the three identical phases is arranged in a given metal vessel. Only the tank 3A housing the corresponding envelope 2A is shown.
  • the earthing switch 20 and the bar disconnector 21 of one of the phases 2A are arranged substantially in a plane by being superposed, or in other words offset along the axis of rotation X.
  • These disconnectors 20, 21 form an angle of 90.degree. ° between them. It goes without saying that the relative arrangement between the earthing switch 20 and the bar switch 21 may be different and such that the disconnectors form an angle between 70 and 180 °.
  • the movable contacts 200, 210 of a phase and the drive means 22 (otherwise called force transmission means) of the same phase are arranged in the same envelope 2A.
  • Each movable contact 200, 210 slides in an opening 200A, 210A provided for this purpose in the envelope 2A.
  • the fixed contact 201 of each earthing switch is fixed inside the metal tank 3A.
  • the fixed contact 211 of each bar switch is fixed to a driver not shown.
  • the common drive means 22 of the movable contacts 200, 210 allow the opening of the earthing switch 20 while maintaining the closure of the bar switch 21 and vice versa.
  • the fact that the movable contacts 200, 210 do not move in their open position makes it possible to save space for the envelope 2A, 2B or 2C.
  • the common drive means 22 comprise an axis 220.
  • This axis 220 is adapted to be rotated by a not shown actuator which translates a linkage system itself connected transversely to the three axes. 220 phases of the GIS station according to the invention.
  • the geometric shape, the dimensions and the arrangement of the movable contacts 200, 210 and their driving means detailed below make it possible to cross the translation races C1, C2 of the movable contacts 200, 210.
  • control mechanism makes it possible to cross the races C1, C2 of translation of the movable contacts 200, 210 respectively of the earthing switch 20 and of the bar switch 21.
  • the common drive means further comprises a piece 221 with two arms 2210, 2211 forming separate levers, the piece 221 being fixed on the axis of rotation 220.
  • One of the levers 2210 has a stirrup shape.
  • the other of these levers 2211 has a straight elongate shape.
  • Each of the two levers 2210, 2211 of the part 221 attached to the axis 220 is articulated at a point of articulation 222 with a link 2220, 2221 also forming coupling levers.
  • the coupling lever 2220 articulated to the lever 2210 has a curved shape in order to reduce the radial forces that may occur on the earth contact 200.
  • This lever 2220 is itself articulated at a hinge point 223 to the moving contact 200 of the earthing switch 20.
  • the coupling lever 2221 articulated to the lever 2211 has a straight elongated shape and is itself hinged at a pivot point 223 to the moving contact 210 of the bar switch 21.
  • the dimensions of the levers 2211, 2221, as well as their arrangement and that of the axis of rotation 220 are chosen such that the stirrup 2211 surrounds the movable contact 210 to which it is connected over at least a part of its translational stroke C2.
  • the movable contact 210 of the bar switch 21, connected to the stirrup lever 2211 has a hollow tube shape ( figure 2 for example)
  • the hinge 223 of the right lever 2221 to the hollow tube 210 is arranged inside the hollow tube at a height sufficient to allow a portion of the length of the right lever 2221 to be accommodated thereon on the translation travel of the hollow tube C1.
  • the movable contact 200 of the earthing switch 20 connected to the straight form lever 2210 has a solid rod shape.
  • the articulated lever 2220 between the right lever 2210 integral with the axis of rotation 220 and the solid rod 200 has a curved shape making it possible to reduce the radial forces on the rod close to its closed position ( figure 2 ).
  • a guide tube 23 which allows to guide in translation the contact rod 200 of grounding over a large part of its translation travel ( figure 2 for example).
  • the movable contact 210 of the bar switch 21 has a hollow tube shape and the movable contact 200 of the earthing switch 20 has a solid rod shape.
  • the control mechanism here comprises two drive assemblies which each transform the rotational movement of the axis 220 into translational motion at one of the movable contacts 200, 210.
  • Each of the assemblies comprises a drive part 2210, 2211 integral with the axis of rotation 220.
  • the two drive assemblies are arranged in parallel with each other so that when the movable contacts 200, 210 are in an intermediate position between their closed position and opening, they are immediately adjacent to each other at a distance e sufficient to allow their translation without friction between them.
  • the driving assembly of the movable rod 200 of the earthing switch 20 consists of a pair of levers 2210, 2220.
  • the driving lever 2210 integral with the axis of rotation 220 is articulated directly to the other 2220 itself directly articulated to the movable rod 200.
  • a drive variant of the mobile hollow tube 210 of the bar disconnector consists of a disc cam 2211 'integral with the axis of rotation 220 and a pair of levers 2221, 226 hinged together.
  • One of the levers 226 includes one end 2260 is attached to a point fixed hinge 227.
  • the other 2261 of the ends of the lever 226 is articulated to the lever 2221 hinged mobile hollow tube 210.
  • the lever 226 fixed at the point 227 comprises a lug 2262 arranged between its two ends 2260, 2261 and housed in a groove 22110 'formed in the cam 2211' forming a follower.

Landscapes

  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Betätigungsmechanismus zum Betätigen eines elektrischen Schaltgeräts (A), das mit zwei Schaltern ausgerüstet ist, wie etwa einem Erdungstrennschalter (20) und einem Sammelschienentrennschalter (21), die jeweils ein Paar von Kontakten aufweisen, das einen festen Kontakt (201; 211) und einen translatorisch verschiebbaren Kontakt (200; 210) umfasst, derart, dass sie sich bei einem Schaltvorgang voneinander trennen, wobei der Betätigungsmechanismus gemeinsame Antriebsmittel (22) zum Antreiben der beweglichen Kontakte aufweist, die das Ausschalten eines der Schalter gestatten und dabei den jeweils anderen Schalter eingeschaltet halten, und umgekehrt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die geometrische Form, die Abmessungen des Mechanismus sowie die Anordnung der beweglichen Kontakte (200, 210) und deren Antriebemittel 1 (22, 220, 221, 2210, 2211, 2220, 2221, 222, 223) gestatten, die Verschiebewege (C1, C2) der beweglichen Kontakte zu kreuzen.
  2. Betätigungsmechanismus zum Betätigen eines elektrischen Schaltgeräts (A) nach Anspruch 1, wobei:
    - die gemeinsamen Antriebsmittel (22) enthalten:
    • eine Drehachse (220)
    • ein fest mit der Drehachse verbundenes Teil (221), das zwei verschiedene Hebel (2210, 2211) aufweist, wovon der eine (2211) in Form eines Bügels ausgeführt ist,
    - der Mechanismus zwei Paare von zueinander angelenkten Hebeln (2210, 2220; 2211, 2221) aufweist, wobei der eine Hebel eines jeden Hebelpaares (2210, 2211) der eine Hebel der verschiedenen Hebel des fest mit der Drehachse verbunden Teils (221) ist und der andere Hebel eines jeden Hebelpaares (2220, 2221) an einen der beweglichen Kontakte (200, 210) angelenkt ist, wobei die Abmessungen der Hebel (2210, 2211) sowie deren Anordnung und die der Drehachse derart sind, dass der Bügel (2211) den beweglichen Kontakt (210) umgibt, mit dem der über zumindest einen Teil seines Verschiebeweges (C2) verbunden ist.
  3. Betätigungsmechanismus zum Betätigen eines elektrischen Schaltgeräts (A) nach Anspruch 2, wobei:
    - der bewegliche Kontakt (210), wie etwa der bewegliche Kontakt des Sammelschienentrennschalters (21), der mit dem bügelförmigen Hebel (2211) verbunden ist, in Form eines Hohlrohrs vorliegt,
    - der andere Hebel (2221), der an das Hohlrohr und an den bügelförmigen Hebel angelenkt ist, eine längliche Form hat, wobei die Anlenkung des länglichen Hebels (2221) am Hohlrohr (210) innerhalb des Hohlrohr in einer Höhe angeordnet ist, die dafür ausreicht, dass der längliche Hebel mit einem Teil seiner Länge über den Verschiebeweg des Hohlrohrs darin aufgenommen werden kann.
  4. Betätigungsmechanismus zum Betätigen eines elektrischen Schaltgeräts (A) nach Anspruch 3, wobei das Hohlrohr einen Schlitz aufweist, der über einen Teil seiner Höhe ausgehend von seinem dem betreffenden festen Kontakt entgegengesetzten Ende ausgeführt ist, wobei dieser Schlitz dazu vorgesehen ist, um dem länglichen Hebel zu ermöglichen, bei der Verschiebung des Hohlrohrs sich darin einzuschieben und seinen Verschiebeweg von seiner Ausschaltstellung in seine Einschaltstellung zu vergrößern.
  5. Betätigungsmechanismus zum Betätigen eines elektrischen Schaltgeräts (A) nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, wobei das Hohlrohr einen Schlitz aufweist, der über einen Teil seiner Höhe ausgehend von seinem dem betreffenden festen Kontakt entgegengesetzten Ende ausgeführt ist, wobei dieser Schlitz dazu vorgesehen ist, um dem länglichen Hebel zu ermöglichen, bei der Verschiebung des Hohlrohrs sich darin einzuschieben und den Verschiebeweg des anderen beweglichen Kontakts von seiner Ausschaltstellung in seine Einschaltstellung zu vergrößern.
  6. Betätigungsmechanismus zum Betätigen eines elektrischen Schaltgeräts (A) nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, wobei:
    - der jeweils andere Hebel (2210) des fest mit der Drehachse verbundenen Teils (221) eine gerade Form hat;
    - der bewegliche Kontakt (200), wie etwa der bewegliche Kontakt des Erdungstrennschalters, der mit dem Hebel gerader Form (2210) verbunden ist, in Form eines Vollschafts vorliegt.
  7. Betätigungsmechanismus zum Betätigen eines elektrischen Schaltgeräts (A) nach Anspruch 6, wobei der Hebel (2220), der zwischen dem fest mit der Drehachse verbundenen geraden Hebel (2210) und dem Vollschaft (200) angelenkt ist, eine gekrümmte Form hat, die gestattet, die radialen Kräfte auf den Schaft in der Nähe seiner Einschaltstellung zu vermindern.
  8. Betätigungsmechanismus zum Betätigen eines elektrischen Schaltgeräts (A) nach Anspruch 7, wobei der Vollschaft einen Schlitz aufweist, der über einen Teil seiner Höhe ausgehend von seinem dem betreffenden festen Kontakt entgegengesetzten Ende ausgeführt ist, wobei dieser Schlitz dazu vorgesehen ist, um dem gekrümmten Hebel zu ermöglichen, bei der Verschiebung des Schafts sich darin einzuschieben und zugleich seinen Verschiebeweg von seiner Ausschaltstellung in seine Einschaltstellung und den Verschiebeweg des Hohlrohrs zu vergrößern.
  9. Betätigungsmechanismus nach Anspruch 1, wobei
    - einer der beweglichen Kontakte (210), wie etwa der bewegliche Kontakt des Sammelschienentrennschalters (21), in Form eines Hohlrohrs vorliegt,
    - der jeweils andere bewegliche Kontakt (200), wie etwa der bewegliche Kontakt des Erdungstrennschalters, in Form eines Vollschafts vorliegt,
    - die gemeinsamen Antriebsmittel (22) eine Drehachse (220) aufweisen,
    - der Mechanismus zwei Antriebseinheiten aufweist, um jeweils die Drehbewegung der Achse (220) in eine Verschiebebewegung eines der beweglichen Kontakte umzuwandeln, wobei jede der Antriebseinheiten ein fest mit der Drehachse verbundenes Antriebsteil (210, 2211, 2211') aufweist, wobei die beiden Antriebseinheiten parallel zueinander angeordnet sind, derart, dass dann, wenn der bewegliche Vollschaft und das bewegliche Hohlrohr (200, 210) in einer Zwischenstellung zwischen ihrer Einschaltstellung und ihrer Ausschaltstellung sind, sie über einen Abstand e unmittelbar aneinandergrenzen, der ausreicht, um deren Verschiebung ohne gegenseitige Reibung zu gestatten.
  10. Betätigungsmechanismus nach Anspruch 9, wobei zumindest eine der beiden Antriebseinheiten aus einem Paar von Hebeln (2210, 2220) besteht, von denen der Antriebshebel (2210) fest mit der Drehachse verbunden ist und der andere Hebel (2220) an einem der beweglichen Kontakte (200) und an dem Antriebshebel (2210) angelenkt ist.
  11. Betätigungsmechanismus nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, wobei zumindest eine der beiden Antriebseinheiten, wie etwa die des beweglichen Kontakts des Sammelschienentrennschalters, aus einer fest mit der Drehachse verbundenen Kurvenscheibe (2211') und aus einem Paar von Hebeln (226, 2221) besteht, wobei der eine Hebel (2261) mit einem Ende (2260) an einem festen Anlenkpunkt (227) befestigt ist und der andere (2261) an dem jeweils anderen Hebel (2221) angelenkt ist, der seinerseits an einem der beweglichen Kontakte (200, 210) angelenkt ist, wobei der Hebel mit festem Anlenkpunkt einen Vorsprung (2262) aufweist, der zwischen seinen beiden Enden angeordnet und in einer in der Kurvenscheibe (2211') ausgeführten Nut (22110') aufgenommen ist und dabei ein Nachführglied bildet, bei welchem Mechanismus die geometrische Form, die Länge und die Anordnung des Paares von Hebeln und das Profil der Kurvenscheibennut ermöglichen, über ein zusätzliches Übersetzungsverhältnis zwischen der Kurvenscheibe und dem betreffenden beweglichen Kontakt zu verfügen.
  12. Elektrisches Schaltgerät (A) mit einem Gehäuse (2A), in dem zumindest teilweise die beweglichen Kontakte (200, 210) von zwei Schaltern, wie etwa von einem Sammelschienentrennschalter (21) und einem Erdungstrennschalter (20), aufgenommen sind, sowie mit einem Betätigungsmechanismus nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche.
  13. Elektrisches Schaltgerät (A) nach Anspruch 12, enthaltend ein Führungsrohr (23) zum Führen eines der beweglichen Kontakte (200) über einen Teil seines Verschiebeweges (C1).
  14. Elektrisches Schaltgerät nach Anspruch 13, wobei der von dem Führungsrohr geführte bewegliche Kontakt die Erdungsstange ist.
  15. Metallgekapselte Mittel- bzw. Hochspannungs-Schaltanlage (GIS), die zumindest für eine Phase ein elektrisches Schaltgerät (A) nach den Ansprüchen 12 bis 14 aufweist.
  16. Schaltanlage (GIS), wobei für jede Phase das Gehäuse (2A) des elektrischen Schaltgeräts nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 14 in einer gegebenen Metallkapselung (3A) aufgenommen ist.
  17. Schaltanlage (GIS) nach Anspruch 16, wobei die drei Metallkapselungen über eine Gestängeeinrichtung miteinander verbunden sind, die über einen Aktuator translatorisch verschoben wird und dazu ausgelegt ist, die Betätigungsmechanismen der Schaltgeräte gleichzeitig in Drehung zu versetzen.
EP09172750A 2008-10-14 2009-10-12 Elektrisches Schaltgerät, das mit zwei Schaltern ausgerüstet ist, wie etwa einem Sammelschienentrennschalter und einem Erdungstrenner, einschließlich der gemeinsamen Antriebsmittel der mobilen Kontakte der Schalter Active EP2178100B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0856952A FR2937175B1 (fr) 2008-10-14 2008-10-14 Appareil de commutation electrique muni de deux interrupteurs, tels qu'un sectionneur de barre et un sectionneur de terre et comprenant des moyens d'entrainement communs des contacts mobiles des interrupteurs.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2178100A1 EP2178100A1 (de) 2010-04-21
EP2178100B1 true EP2178100B1 (de) 2011-11-30

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US (1) US8389884B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2178100B1 (de)
JP (1) JP5528765B2 (de)
KR (1) KR101736935B1 (de)
CN (1) CN101728784B (de)
AT (1) ATE535925T1 (de)
FR (1) FR2937175B1 (de)
RU (1) RU2516446C2 (de)

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FR2937175A1 (fr) 2010-04-16
FR2937175B1 (fr) 2010-12-03
JP2010097943A (ja) 2010-04-30
KR20100041677A (ko) 2010-04-22
US20100089732A1 (en) 2010-04-15
JP5528765B2 (ja) 2014-06-25
KR101736935B1 (ko) 2017-05-17
EP2178100A1 (de) 2010-04-21
CN101728784A (zh) 2010-06-09
RU2516446C2 (ru) 2014-05-20
ATE535925T1 (de) 2011-12-15
RU2009137890A (ru) 2011-04-20
US8389884B2 (en) 2013-03-05
CN101728784B (zh) 2015-05-20

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