EP2175702B2 - Buse pour une torche à plasma refroidie par liquide, coiffe de tuyère pour une torche à plasma et tête de torche à plasma dotée de celle-ci - Google Patents

Buse pour une torche à plasma refroidie par liquide, coiffe de tuyère pour une torche à plasma et tête de torche à plasma dotée de celle-ci Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2175702B2
EP2175702B2 EP09011322.6A EP09011322A EP2175702B2 EP 2175702 B2 EP2175702 B2 EP 2175702B2 EP 09011322 A EP09011322 A EP 09011322A EP 2175702 B2 EP2175702 B2 EP 2175702B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
liquid supply
section
case
groove
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP09011322.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2175702A1 (fr
EP2175702B9 (fr
EP2175702B1 (fr
Inventor
Volker Krink
Frank Laurisch
Timo Grundke
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Kjellberg Finsterwalde Plasma und Maschinen GmbH
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Kjellberg Finsterwalde Plasma und Maschinen GmbH
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Priority to EP12006772.3A priority Critical patent/EP2563100B1/fr
Priority to SI200930633T priority patent/SI2175702T1/sl
Priority to PL09011322T priority patent/PL2175702T5/pl
Priority to SI200930633A priority patent/SI2175702T2/sl
Application filed by Kjellberg Finsterwalde Plasma und Maschinen GmbH filed Critical Kjellberg Finsterwalde Plasma und Maschinen GmbH
Publication of EP2175702A1 publication Critical patent/EP2175702A1/fr
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Priority to HRP20130559TT priority patent/HRP20130559T4/hr
Publication of EP2175702B2 publication Critical patent/EP2175702B2/fr
Publication of EP2175702B9 publication Critical patent/EP2175702B9/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/28—Cooling arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3457—Nozzle protection devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3478—Geometrical details

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a nozzle for a liquid-cooled plasma torch and to a plasma torch head having the same.
  • Plasma is a thermally highly heated electrically conductive gas, which consists of positive and negative ions, electrons and excited and neutral atoms and molecules.
  • the plasma gas used is a variety of gases, for example the monatomic argon and / or the diatomic gases hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen or air. These gases ionize and dissociate through the energy of an arc.
  • the plasma jet can be greatly influenced in its parameters by the design of the nozzle and electrode. These parameters of the plasma jet are, for example, the beam diameter, the temperature, the energy density and the flow velocity of the gas.
  • the plasma is constricted through a nozzle, which may be gas or water cooled.
  • a nozzle which may be gas or water cooled.
  • energy densities up to 2x10 6 W / cm 2 can be achieved.
  • Temperatures of up to 30,000 ° C are generated in the plasma jet, which, in combination with the high flow velocity of the gas, produce very high cutting speeds on materials.
  • Plasma torches can be operated directly or indirectly.
  • the current from the power source flows through the electrode of the plasma torch, the arc generated by the arc and constricted by the nozzle directly back to the power source via the workpiece.
  • electrically conductive materials can be cut.
  • the current flows from the power source through the electrode of the plasma torch, the plasma jet generated by the arc and constricted by the nozzle and the nozzle back to the power source.
  • the nozzle is even more heavily loaded than with direct plasma cutting, because it not only constricts the plasma jet, but also realizes the starting point of the arc.
  • both electrically conductive and non-conductive materials can be cut.
  • the nozzle is then inserted into a plasma torch whose main components are a plasma torch head, a nozzle cap, a plasma gas guide member, a nozzle, a nozzle holder, an electrode holder, an electrode holder with electrode insert and in modern plasma torches a nozzle cap holder and a nozzle cap.
  • the electrode holder fixes a tungsten tip insert which is suitable for the use of non-oxidizing gases as plasma gas, for example an argon-hydrogen mixture.
  • a so-called flat electrode whose electrode insert consists for example of hafnium is also suitable for the use of oxidizing gases as plasma gas, for example air or oxygen.
  • oxidizing gases for example air or oxygen.
  • the nozzle In order to achieve a long service life for the nozzle, it is cooled here with a liquid, for example water.
  • the coolant is directed towards the nozzle via a water feed and a water return from the nozzle and flows through a coolant space which is delimited by the nozzle and the nozzle cap.
  • a nozzle In DD 36014 B1 a nozzle is described. This consists of a highly conductive material, for example copper, and has a geometric shape associated with the respective plasma torch type, for example a conical discharge space with a cylindrical nozzle exit.
  • the outer shape of the nozzle is formed as a cone, wherein an approximately equal wall thickness is achieved, which is dimensioned so that a good stability of the nozzle and a good heat conduction to the coolant is ensured.
  • the nozzle sits in a nozzle holder.
  • the nozzle holder is made of corrosion-resistant material, such as brass, and has inside a centering for the nozzle and a groove for a rubber seal, which seals the discharge space against the coolant.
  • nozzle holder for the coolant supply and return.
  • the nozzle cap also made of corrosion-resistant material, such as brass, is formed at an acute angle and has a useful for the dissipation of radiant heat to the coolant wall thickness.
  • the smallest inner diameter is provided with a round ring.
  • the easiest way to cool water is to use water. This arrangement is intended to allow easy production of the nozzles with economical use of material and rapid replacement of these and by the acute-angled design pivoting of the plasma torch relative to the workpiece and thus bevel cuts.
  • a plasma torch preferably for plasma cutting of materials and for welding edge preparation is described.
  • the slender shape of the burner head is achieved by the use of a particularly acute-angled cutting nozzle whose inner and outer angles are equal to each other and equal to the inner and outer angles of the nozzle cap.
  • a coolant space is formed, in which the nozzle cap is provided with a collar, which seals with the metal cutting nozzle, thereby forming a uniform annular gap as the coolant space.
  • the supply and discharge of the coolant generally water, is carried out by two 180 ° offset from each other arranged slots in the nozzle holder.
  • a plasma arc torch in particular for cutting or welding, is described, in which the electrode holder and the nozzle body form an exchangeable structural unit.
  • the outer coolant supply is essentially formed by a comprehensive the nozzle body cap.
  • the coolant flows via channels into an annular space, which is formed by the nozzle body and the cap.
  • DE 692 33 071 T2 relates to an arc plasma cutting device. Described herein is an embodiment of a plasma arc cutting nozzle nozzle formed from a conductive material and having a plasma jet jet exit and a hollow body portion configured to have a generally conical thin-walled configuration in the direction is inclined to the outlet opening and has an enlarged head portion which is formed integrally with the body portion, wherein the head portion is solid except for a central channel, which is aligned with the outlet opening and having a generally conical outer surface, which is also in the direction of the outlet opening is inclined and has a diameter adjacent to that of the adjacent body portion exceeding the diameter of the body portion to form a recessed recess.
  • the arc plasma cutter has a secondary gas cap.
  • a water-cooled cap is disposed between the nozzle and the secondary gas cap to form a water-cooled chamber for the outer surface of the nozzle for high-efficiency cooling.
  • the nozzle is characterized by a large head surrounding an exit port for the plasma jet and a sharp undercut or recess to a conical body. This nozzle design favors the cooling of the nozzle.
  • the coolant is led back to the nozzle via a water feed channel and away from the nozzle via a water return channel.
  • These channels are usually offset by 180 ° to each other and the coolant should flow around the nozzle as evenly as possible on the way from the flow to the return. Nevertheless, overheating in the vicinity of the nozzle channel are repeatedly found.
  • FIG. 1 Another coolant guide for a burner, preferably plasma torches, in particular for plasma welding, plasma cutting, plasma melting and plasma spraying, which withstands high thermal stresses on the nozzle and the cathode is disclosed in US Pat DD 83890 B1 described.
  • the nozzle in the nozzle holding part easily deployable and removabledemedienleitring arranged to limit the cooling media on a thin layer of a maximum thickness of 3 mm along the outer nozzle wall has a circumferential Formnut, in the more than one, preferably two to four, and star-shaped to this radially and symmetrically to the nozzle axis and star connected to this at an angle between 0 and 90 ° mounted cooling lines so that it is adjacent by two cooling media outlets and each cooling medium outflow of two cooling medium inflows.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to avoid overheating in the vicinity of the nozzle channel or the nozzle bore in a simple manner.
  • substantially cylindrical is intended to mean that the outer surface is, at least when thinking away of the grooves, such as liquid inlet and - Weglaufnuten, by and large cylindrical.
  • substantially conically tapered means that the outer surface, at least when the grooves are thought out, such as liquid inlet and return grooves, is conically tapered by and large.
  • the nozzle has one or twodestattkeitszulaufnut (s), and the nozzle cap on its inner surface at least two, in particular exactly three, recesses whose openings facing the nozzle each extend over an arc length (b 2 ), wherein the arc length of the circumferentially adjacent to thedefactkeitszulaufnut (s) adjacent to the ordefactkeitszulaufnut (s) outwardly projecting portions of the nozzle is greater than the arc length (d4, e4).
  • a shunt from the coolant inlet to the coolant return is particularly elegant avoided.
  • the two bores each extend substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the plasma burner head. This ensures that coolant lines can be connected to save space on the plasma burner head.
  • the bores for the cooling liquid inlet to the Küh gutkeits Weglauf can be arranged offset by 180 °.
  • the radian dimension of the section between the recesses of the nozzle cap is at most half the size of the minimum radian measure of the coolant return groove or the minimum radian measure of the coolant inlet groove (s) of the nozzle.
  • the liquid return groove (s) may also extend over a portion of the first portion in the outer surface of the nozzle.
  • At least two fluid inlet grooves are provided in case a) and at least two fluid pressure grooves are provided in case b).
  • the center of the liquid inlet groove and the center of the copestechniks Weglaüfnut are arranged offset by 180 ° to each other over the circumference of the nozzle.
  • the liquid inlet groove and the liquid return groove face each other.
  • the width of the liquid return groove and in case b) the width of the liquid inlet groove in the direction of contact in the range of 90 ° to 270 °.
  • the liquid inlet groove extends in the circumferential direction of the first portion of the nozzle over the entire circumference.
  • liquid inlet groove in the circumferential direction of the first portion of the nozzle over an angle of 60 ° to 300 ° and in case b) the liquid return groove in the circumferential direction of the first portion of the nozzle over an angle in the range of 60 ° to 300 °.
  • this may be provided that in the case of a) this diesstechnikszulaufnut in the circumferential direction of the first portion of the nozzle over an angle in the range of 90 ° to 270 ° and in case b) the liquid return groove in the circumferential direction of the first portion of the nozzle over an angle in Range extends from 90 ° to 270 °.
  • the two liquid feed grooves may be arranged circumferentially of the nozzle symmetrical to a straight line extending from the center of the liquid return groove at right angles through the longitudinal axis of the nozzle and in case b) the two liquid return grooves symmetrical about the circumference of the nozzle are arranged to a straight line extending from the center of the diesstechnikszulaufnut at right angles through the longitudinal axis of the nozzle.
  • the width of the liquid return groove and in case b) the width of the liquid inlet groove in the circumferential direction is in the range of 120 ° to 270 °.
  • the liquid inlet groove in case a) via one or both of the fluid inlet grooves and in case b) the fluid return groove beyond one or both of the fluid return grooves.
  • the liquid inlet groove extends in the circumferential direction of the first portion of the nozzle over the entire circumference.
  • the two holes could each extend substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the plasma burner head.
  • the holes for the coolant inlet and the coolant return are arranged offset by 180 °.
  • the invention is based on the surprising finding that by supplying and / or removing the cooling liquid at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the plasma burner head instead of - as in the prior art - parallel to the longitudinal axis of the plasma burner head, a better cooling of the nozzle by significantly longer contact of the cooling liquid the nozzle is achieved.
  • the in the FIG. 1 shown plasma burner head 1 takes with an electrode holder 6, an electrode 7 in the present case via a thread (not shown).
  • the electrode is designed as a flat electrode.
  • air or oxygen can be used as the plasma gas (PG).
  • a nozzle 4 is received by a substantially cylindrical nozzle holder 5.
  • a nozzle cap 2 which is attached via a thread (not shown) to the plasma burner head 1, fixed the nozzle 4 and forms with this a cooling liquid space 10.
  • the cooling liquid space 10 is realized by a realized with a circular ring seal 4.16, which in a groove 4.15 of Nozzle 4 is sealed between the nozzle 4 and the nozzle cap 2.
  • a cooling liquid eg. As water or antifreeze added water flows through the coolant chamber 10 from a bore of the coolant flow WV to a bore of the coolant return WR, wherein the holes are arranged offset by 180 ° to each other.
  • the nozzle bore 4.10 of the nozzle 4 is insufficiently cooled because the cooling liquid insufficiently flows through the part 10.20 of the cooling liquid space 10 closest to the nozzle bore and / or even on the side facing the coolant liquid return not reached.
  • the cooling liquid is aptly directed into the cooling liquid space 10 almost perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the plasma burner head 1 from the nozzle holder 5 to the nozzle 4.
  • a deflection space 10.10 of the cooling liquid space 10 the cooling liquid from the direction parallel to the longitudinal axis in the bore of the cooling liquid flow WV of the plasma burner in Direction first nozzle section 4.1 (s. Fig. 2 ) is deflected almost perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the plasma burner head 1.
  • the cooling liquid flows through the coolant flowing from adestattkeitsvorlaufnut 4.20 (s. Fig. 1a .
  • the plasma burner head 1 is equipped with a nozzle protection cap holder 8 and a nozzle protection cap 9. Through this area flows the secondary gas SG, in the plasma jet surrounds.
  • the secondary gas SG flows through a secondary gas guide 9.1 and can be rotated by this.
  • Fig. 1a shows a sectional view along the line AA of the plasma torch FIG. 1 , This shows how the formed by thedefactkeitszulaufnut 4.20 of the nozzle 4 and the nozzle cap 2 space 10.11 by sections 4.41 and 4.42 of protruding portions 4.31 and 4.32 of the nozzle 4 in combination with the inner surface 2.5 of the nozzle cap 2 prevent a shunt between the cooling liquid flow and coolant return , So that in each position of the nozzle 4 to the nozzle cap 2 to each other, the shunt of the cooling liquid is prevented, the sheet dimensions d4 and e4 of sections 4.41 and 4.42 of the protruding areas 4.31 and 4.32 of the nozzle 4 must be at least as large as the radians b2 to the nozzle facing recesses 2.6 of the nozzle cap 2 (s. Fig. 14 to 16 ).
  • an effective cooling of the nozzle 4 is achieved in the region of the nozzle tip and prevents thermal overload. It is ensured that as much coolant as possible reaches the space 10.20 of the coolant chamber 10. There was no discoloration of the nozzle in the area of the nozzle bore 4.10 in experiments. Also leaks between the nozzle 4 and the nozzle cap 2 did not occur and the circular ring 4.16 was not overheated.
  • FIG. 1b includes a sectional view taken along the line B of the plasma burner head FIG. 1 , which shows the plane of the deflection 10.10.
  • Fig. 2 shows the nozzle 4 of the plasma burner head FIG. 1 , It has a nozzle bore 4.10 for the exit of a plasma jet at a nozzle tip 4.11, a first section 4.1, the outer surface 4.4 is substantially cylindrical, and adjoining the nozzle tip 4.11 second section 4.2, the outer surface of the 4.5 to the nozzle tip 4.11 out in essentially conically tapered.
  • Thedestattkeitszulaufnut 4.20 extends over a portion of the first section 4.1 and the second section 4.2 in the outer surface 4.5 of the nozzle 4 to the nozzle tip 4.11 and ends in front of the cylindrical outer surface 4.3.
  • Thedestattkeits Weglaufnut 4.22 extends over the second section 4.2 of the nozzle 4.
  • the center of thedeckenkeitszulaufnut 4.20 and the center of thedefactkeitsschreiblaufnut (4.22) are arranged offset by 180 ° to each other over the circumference of the nozzle (4).
  • the width alpha 4 of thedefactkeitsschreiblaufnut 4.22 in the circumferential direction is about 250 °.
  • Between thedeckenkeitsvorlaufnut 4.20 and thedeckenkeitsschreiblaufnut 4.22 are the outwardly projecting areas 4.31 and 4.32 with the corresponding sections 4.41 and 4.42.
  • FIG. 3 shows a plasma burner similar FIG. 1 ,
  • the nozzle 4 has twodestattkeitszulaufnuten 4.20 and 4.21.
  • the cooling liquid is directed almost perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the plasma burner head 1 of the nozzle holder 5 on the nozzle 4 in the cooling liquid space 10.
  • the cooling liquid is deflected from the direction parallel to the longitudinal axis in the bore of the cooling liquid flow WV of the plasma burner in the direction of the first nozzle section 4.1 almost perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the plasma burner head 1.
  • the cooling liquid flows through a groove 5.1 of the nozzle holder 5 in the two formed by thedeckenkeitszulaufnuten 4.20 and 4.21 of the nozzle 4 and the nozzle cap 2 spaces 10.11 and 10.12 to the nozzle bore 4.10 surrounding area 10.20 of the cooling liquid space 10 and flows around the nozzle 4 there , Thereafter, the cooling liquid flows back through the space 10.15 formed by the cooling liquid return groove 4.22 of the nozzle 4 and the nozzle cap 2 to the coolant return WR, the transition taking place substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the plasma burner head.
  • Fig. 3a includes a sectional view taken along the line AA of the plasma torch FIG. 3 and shows how the spaces 10.11 and 10.12 formed by the cooling liquid supply grooves 4.20 and 4.21 of the nozzle 4 and the nozzle cap 2 form a shunt between the portions 4.41 and 4.42 of the protruding portions 4.31 and 4.32 of the nozzle 4 in combination with the inner surface 2.5 of the nozzle cap 2 Prevent the coolant flow and coolant return. At the same time, a shunt between the spaces 10.11 and 10.12 is prevented by the section 4.43 of the protruding area 4.33.
  • the sheet dimensions d4 and e4 of sections 4.41 and 4.42 of the nozzle 4 must be at least as large as the radians b2 to the nozzle facing recesses 2.6 of the nozzle cap 2 (s , Fig. 14 to 16 ).
  • FIG. 3b is a sectional view taken along the line BB of the plasma torch FIG. 3 that the plane of the deflection 10.10 and the connection with both coolant outlets 4.20 and 4.21 through the groove 5.1 in the nozzle holder 5 shows.
  • Fig. 4 shows the nozzle 4 of the plasma burner head FIG. 3 , It has a nozzle bore 4.10 for the exit of a plasma jet at a nozzle tip 4.11, a first section 4.1, the outer surface 4.4 is substantially cylindrical, and adjoining the nozzle tip 4.11 second section 4.2, the outer surface of the 4.5 to the nozzle tip 4.11 out in essentially conically tapered.
  • Thedestattkeitszulaufnuten 4.20 and 4.21 extend over a portion of the first section 4.1 and the second section 4.2 in the outer surface of the nozzle 4 4.5 to the nozzle tip 4.11 and end in front of the cylindrical outer surface 4.3.
  • Thedestattkeits Weglaufnut 4.22 extends over the second section 4.2 of the nozzle 4.
  • the width alpha 4 of thede crampkeitsschreiblaufnut 4.22 in the circumferential direction is about 190 °.
  • Between thedeckenkeitszulaufnuten 4.20; 4.21 and thedeckenkeitsschreiblaufnut 4.22 are the outwardly projecting areas 4.31; 4.32 and 4.33 with the corresponding sections 4.41; 4.42 and 4.43.
  • FIG. 5 shows a plasma burner similar FIG. 3 but according to a particular embodiment of the invention.
  • the nozzle 4 has twodestattkeitszulaufnuten 4.20 and 4.21 (s. Fig. 5a ).
  • the cooling liquid is directed almost perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the plasma burner head 1 of the nozzle holder 5 on the nozzle 4 in the cooling liquid space 10.
  • the cooling liquid is deflected from the direction parallel to the longitudinal axis in the bore of the cooling liquid flow WV of the plasma burner in the direction of the first nozzle section 4.1 almost perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the plasma burner head 1.
  • the cooling liquid flows through a remplisstechnikszulaufnut 4.6 of the nozzle 4 in the two formed by thedefactkeitsvorlaufnuten 4.20 and 4.21 of the nozzle 4 and the nozzle cap 2 spaces 10.11 and 10.12 to the nozzle bore 4.10 surrounding area 10.20 of the cooling liquid chamber 10 and flows around the nozzle 4 there , Thereafter, the cooling liquid flows back through the space 10.15 formed by the cooling liquid return groove 4.22 of the nozzle 4 and the nozzle cap 2 to the coolant return WR, the transition taking place substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the plasma burner head.
  • Fig. 5a is the sectional view taken along the line AA of the plasma torch FIG. 5 showing how the spaces 10.11 and 10.12 formed by the cooling liquid supply grooves 4.20 and 4.21 of the nozzle 4 and the nozzle cap 2 form a shunt through the sections 4.41 and 4.42 of the protruding areas 4.31 and 4.32 of the nozzle 4 in combination with the inner surface 2.5 of the nozzle cap 2 between the coolant flow and coolant return. At the same time, a shunt between the spaces 10.11 and 10.12 is prevented by the section 4.43 of the protruding area 4.33.
  • the sheet dimensions d4 and e4 of sections 4.41 and 4.42 of the nozzle 4 must be at least as large as the radians b2 to the nozzle facing recesses 2.6 of the nozzle cap. 2
  • FIG. 5b is a sectional view taken along the line BB of the plasma torch FIG. 5 showing the plane of the deflection space 10.10 and the connection with both coolant liquid feeds through the liquid inlet groove 4.6 in the nozzle 4.
  • Fig. 6 shows the nozzle 4 of the plasma burner head FIG. 5 , It has a nozzle bore 4.10 for the exit of a plasma jet at a nozzle tip 4.11, a first section 4.1, the outer surface 4.4 is substantially cylindrical, and adjoining the nozzle tip 4.11 second section 4.2, the outer surface of the 4.5 to the nozzle tip 4.11 out in essentially conically tapered.
  • Thedestattkeitszulaufnuten 4.20 and 4.21 extend over a portion of the first section 4.1 and the second section 4.2 in the outer surface of the nozzle 4 4.5 to the nozzle tip 4.11 and end in front of the cylindrical outer surface 4.3.
  • Thedestattkeits Weglaufnut 4.22 extends over the second section 4.2 of the nozzle 4.
  • the width alpha 4 of thede crampkeitsschreiblaufnut 4.22 in the circumferential direction is about 190 °.
  • the cooling liquid grooves 4.20; 4.21 and thedeckenkeitsschreiblaufnut 4.22 are the outwardly projecting areas 4.31; 4.32 and 4.33 with the corresponding sections 4.41; 4.42 and 4.43.
  • Thedestattkeitszulaufnuten 4.20 and 4.21 are interconnected by the groove 4.6 of the nozzle.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a plasma burner head according to another specific embodiment, the embodiment not belonging to the invention.
  • the cooling liquid is directed almost perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the plasma burner head 1 of a nozzle holder 5 on the nozzle 4 in a cooling liquid space 10.
  • the cooling liquid is deflected from the direction parallel to the longitudinal axis in the bore of the cooling liquid flow WV of the plasma burner in the direction of the first nozzle section 4.1 almost perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the plasma burner head 1.
  • the cooling liquid flows through a space 10.11 formed by a cooling liquid supply groove 4.20 of the nozzle 4 and the nozzle cap 2 (see FIG. Fig.
  • Fig. 7a is a sectional view taken along the line AA of the plasma torch FIG. 7 showing how the space 10.11 formed by the coolant inlet groove 4.20 of the nozzle 4 and the nozzle cap 2 passes through the portions 4.41 and 4.42 of the protruding areas 4.31 and 4.32 of the nozzle 4 in combination with the inner surface of the nozzle cap 2 to prevent a shunt between the cooling liquid flow and coolant return.
  • FIG. 7b is a sectional view taken along the line BB of the plasma burner head FIG. 7 showing the plane of the deflection spaces 10.10.
  • Fig. 8 shows the nozzle 4 of the plasma burner head FIG. 7 , It has a nozzle bore 4.10 for the exit of a plasma jet at a nozzle tip 4.11, a first section 4.1, the outer surface 4.4 is substantially cylindrical, and adjoining the nozzle tip 4.11 second section 4.2, the outer surface of the 4.5 to the nozzle tip 4.11 out in essentially conically tapered.
  • Thedefactkeitszulaufnut 4.20 and thedeckenkeitsschreibonnenut 4.22 extend over a portion of the first section 4.1 and the second section 4.2 in the outer surface 4.5 of the nozzle 4 to the nozzle tip 4.11 and end in front of the cylindrical outer surface 4.3.
  • the center of thedeckenkeitszulaufnut 4.20 and the center of thedeckensschreiblaufnut 4.22 are offset by 180 ° to each other over the circumference of the nozzle 4 and the same size. Between thedeckenkeitsvorlaufnut 4.20 and thedeckensschreiblaufnut 4.22 are the outwardly projecting areas 4.31 and 4.32 with the corresponding sections 4.41 and 4.42.
  • FIG. 9 shows a plasma burner head, the embodiment does not belong to the invention.
  • the nozzle 4 has twodestattkeitsvorlaufnuten 4.20 and 4.21.
  • the cooling liquid is directed almost perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the plasma burner head 1 of the nozzle holder 5 on the nozzle 4 in the cooling liquid space 10.
  • the cooling liquid is deflected from the direction parallel to the longitudinal axis in the bore of the cooling liquid flow WV of the plasma torch in the direction of the first nozzle section 4.1 almost perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the plasma burner head 1.
  • the cooling liquid flows through a groove 5.1 of the nozzle holder 5 in the two formed by thedeckenkeitszulaufnuten 4.20 and 4.21 of the nozzle 4 and the nozzle cap 2 spaces 10.11 and 10.12 to the nozzle bore 4.10 surrounding area 10.20 of the cooling liquid space 10 and flows around the nozzle 4 there , Thereafter, the cooling liquid flows back through the space formed by thedestattkeitsschreiblaufnut 4.22 of the nozzle 4 and the nozzle cap 2 10.15 back to the coolant return WR, the transition here is almost perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the plasma burner head, by a deflection 10.10.
  • Fig. 9a is a sectional view taken along the line AA of the plasma torch FIG. 9 showing how the spaces 10.11 and 10.12 formed by the cooling liquid inlet grooves 4.20 and 4.21 of the nozzle 4 and the nozzle cap 2 pass through the sections 4.41 and 4.42 of the protruding areas 4.31 and 4.32 of the nozzle 4 in combination with the inner surface of the nozzle cap 2 Prevent the coolant flow and coolant return. At the same time, a shunt between the spaces 10.11 and 10.12 is prevented by the section 4.43 of the protruding area 4.33.
  • FIG. 9b is a sectional view taken along the line BB of the plasma burner head FIG. 9 showing the plane of the deflection spaces 10.10 and shows the connection with bothdestattkeitsvor conceptn 4.20 and 4.21 through the groove 5.1 in the nozzle holder 5.
  • FIG. 10 shows the nozzle 4 of the plasma burner head FIG. 9 , It has a nozzle bore 4.10 for the exit of a plasma jet at a nozzle tip 4.11, a first section 4.1, the outer surface 4.4 is substantially cylindrical, and adjoining the nozzle tip 4.11 second section 4.2, the outer surface of the 4.5 to the nozzle tip 4.11 out in essentially conically tapered.
  • Thedestattkeitszulaufnuten 4.20 and 4.21 extend over a portion of the first section 4.1 and the second section 4.2 in the outer surface of the nozzle 4 4.5 to the nozzle tip 4.11 back and end in front of the cylindrical outer surface 4.3.
  • Thedeckenkeitsschreiblaufnut 4.22 extends over the second section 4.2 and the first section 4.1 in the outer surface 4.5 of the nozzle 4. Between thedeckenkeitsvorlaufnuten 4.20; 4.21 and thedeckensschreiblaufnut 4.22 are the outwardly projecting areas 4.31; 4.32 and 4.33 with the corresponding sections 4.41; 4.42 and 4.43.
  • FIG. 11 shows a plasma burner head similar FIG. 5 but according to another particular embodiment of the invention.
  • the bores of the coolant flow WV and the coolant return are arranged at an angle of 90 °.
  • the nozzle 4 has twodestattkeitszulaufnuten 4.20 and 4.21 and in the circumferential direction of the first section 4.1 over the entire circumference horrrekkende and thedefactkeitszulaufnuten connecting groove 4.6.
  • the cooling liquid is directed approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the plasma burner head 1 of the nozzle holder 5 on the nozzle 4 aptly into the cooling liquid space 10.
  • the cooling liquid is deflected from the direction parallel to the longitudinal axis in the bore of the cooling liquid flow WV of the plasma burner in the direction of the first nozzle section 4.1 almost perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the plasma burner head 1.
  • the cooling liquid flows through the sosstechnikszulaufnut 4.6, which extends in the circumferential direction of the first section 4.1 of the nozzle 4 on a partial circumference between the grooves 4.20 and 4.21, ie over about 300 °, in the two by thedefactkeitsvorlaufnuten 4.20 and 4.21 of Nozzle 4 and the nozzle cap 2 formed spaces 10.11 and 10.12 to the nozzle bore 4.10 surrounding area 10.20 of the cooling liquid space 10 and flows around the nozzle 4 there. Thereafter, the cooling liquid flows back through the space 10.15 formed by the cooling liquid return groove 4.22 of the nozzle 4 and the nozzle cap 2 to the coolant return WR, the transition taking place substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the plasma burner head.
  • Fig. 11a is a sectional view taken along the line AA of the plasma torch FIG. 11 showing how the spaces 10.11 and 10.12 formed by the cooling liquid inlet grooves 4.20 and 4.21 of the nozzle 4 and the nozzle cap 2 form a shunt through the sections 4.41 and 4.42 of the protruding areas 4.31 and 4.32 of the nozzle 4 in combination with the inside surface 2.5 of the nozzle cap 2 between the coolant flow and coolant return. At the same time, a shunt between the spaces 10.11 and 10.12 is prevented by the section 4.43 of the protruding area 4.33.
  • the sheet dimensions d4 and e4 of sections 4.41 and 4.42 of the nozzle 4 must be at least as large as the radians b2 to the nozzle facing recesses 2.6 of the nozzle cap. 2
  • FIG. 11b is a sectional view taken along the line BB of the plasma torch FIG. 11 , which shows the plane of the deflection space 10.10 and the connection with both cooling liquid flows through the over approximately 300 ° circumferential liquid inlet groove 4.6 in the nozzle 4 and offset by 90 ° arranged holes for the coolant flow WV and the coolant return WR.
  • FIG. 12 shows the nozzle 4 of the plasma burner head FIG. 11 , It has a nozzle bore 4.10 for the exit of a plasma jet at a nozzle tip 4.11, a first section 4.1, the outer surface 4.4 is substantially cylindrical, and adjoining the nozzle tip 4.11 second section 4.2, the outer surface of the 4.5 to the nozzle tip 4.11 out in essentially conically tapered.
  • Thedestattkeitszulaufnuten 4.20 and 4.21 extend over a portion of the first section 4.1 and the second section 4.2 in the outer surface of the nozzle 4 4.5 to the nozzle tip 4.11 back and end in front of the cylindrical outer surface 4.3.
  • Thedestattkeits Weglaufnut 4.22 extends over the second section 4.2 of the nozzle 4.
  • Thedeckenkeitszulaufnuten 4.20; 4.21 and thedeckenkeitsschreiblaufnut 4.22 are the outwardly projecting areas 4.31; 4.32 and 4.33 with the corresponding sections 4.41; 4.42 and 4.43.
  • Thedeckenkeitszulaufnuten 4.20 and 4.21 are connected by a circumferential direction of the first section 4.1 of the nozzle 4 on a partial circumference between the grooves 4.20 and 4.21, ie over about 300 ° extending liquid inlet groove 4.6 of the nozzle. This is particularly advantageous for the cooling of the transition between the nozzle holder 5 and the nozzle 4.
  • FIG. 13 shows a nozzle according to another specific embodiment of the invention, which in the plasma burner head after FIG. 8 can be used.
  • Thedestattkeitszulaufnut 4.20 is connected to a remplisstechnikszulaufnut 4.6 which extends in the circumferential direction over the entire circumference.
  • This has the advantage that the bore for the cooling liquid flow WV and the coolant return WR in the plasma burner head need not be arranged offset by exactly 180 °, but also as for example in FIG. 11 can be arranged offset by 90 °.
  • this is advantageous for the cooling of the transition between the nozzle holder 5 and the nozzle 4.
  • the same can of course be used for achenkeits Weglaufnut 4.22.
  • FIG. 14 shows a nozzle cap 2, wherein the embodiment does not belong to the invention.
  • the nozzle cap 2 has an essentially conically tapering inner surface 2.2, which in this case has recesses 2.6 in a radial plane.
  • the recesses 2.6 are arranged equidistantly over the inner circumference and semicircular in the radial section.
  • FIGS. 15 and 16 shown nozzle caps differ from the in Fig. 14 shown embodiment in the shape of the recesses 2.6.
  • the recesses 2.6 in Fig. 15 are in the view shown there to the nozzle tip out frustoconical, with in Fig. 16 the frustoconical shape is slightly rounded.

Claims (15)

  1. Buse (4) pour une torche à plasma refroidie par liquide, comportant un alésage de buse (4,10) pour la sortie d'un jet de plasma à un sommet de buse (4.11), une première section (4.1), dont la surface extérieure (4.4) est sensiblement cylindrique, et une deuxième section (4.2) s'étendant de la première section jusqu'au sommet de buse (4.11), dont la surface extérieure (4.5) se rétrécit sensiblement en forme de cône vers le sommet de buse (4.11), où a) il est prévu au moins une rainure d'amenée de liquide (4.20 ; 4.21) qui s'étend sur la deuxième section (4.2) vers le sommet de buse (4.11) à la surface extérieure (4.5) de la buse (4) et il est prévu une seule rainure de retour de liquide (4.22) séparée de la, ou des rainures d'amenée de liquide (4.20 ; 4.21) et qui s'étend sur la deuxième section (4.2), ou bien b) il est prévu une seule rainure d'amenée de liquide (4.20 ou 4.21) qui s'étend sur la deuxième section (4.2) vers le sommet de buse (4.11) à la surface extérieure (4.5) de la buse (4) et il est prévu au moins une rainure de retour de liquide (4.22) séparée de la rainure d'amenée de liquide (4.20 ou 4.21) qui s'étend sur la deuxième section (4.2), la rainure d'amenée de liquide (4.20 ; 4.21) s'étendant également sur une partie de la première section (4.1), caractérisée en ce qu'une rainure d'amenée de liquide (4.6) reliée à la rainure d'amenée de liquide (4.20) et qui s'étend dans la direction périphérique de la première section (4.1) se trouve dans la première section (4.1) de la buse (4) dans le cas a), et en ce qu'une rainure de retour de liquide reliée à la rainure de retour de liquide (4.22) et qui s'étend dans la direction périphérique de la première section (4.1) se trouve dans la première section (4.1) de la buse (4) dans le cas b).
  2. Buse selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la ou les rainures de retour de liquide (4.22) s'étendent également sur une partie de la première section (4.1) à la surface extérieure de la buse (4).
  3. Buse selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce qu'au moins deux rainures d'amenée de liquide (4.20 ; 4.21) sont prévues dans le cas a), et au moins deux rainures de retour de liquide (4.22) dans le cas b).
  4. Buse selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que le point central de la rainure d'amenée de liquide (4.20) et le point central de la rainure de retour de liquide (4.22) sont décalés de 180° l'un par rapport à l'autre sur la périphérie de la buse (4).
  5. Buse selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que la largeur de la rainure de retour de liquide dans le cas a) et la largeur de la rainure d'amenée de liquide dans le cas b) est comprise entre 90° et 270° dans la direction périphérique.
  6. Buse selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la rainure d'amenée de liquide (4.6) s'étend sur toute la périphérie dans la direction périphérique de la première section (4.1) de la buse (4) dans le cas a), ou en ce que la rainure d'amenée de liquide (4.6) s'étend sur un angle compris entre 60° et 300° dans la direction périphérique de la première section (4.1) de la buse (4) dans le cas a), et en ce que la rainure de retour de liquide s'étend sur un angle compris entre 60° et 300° dans la direction périphérique de la première section (4.1) de la buse (4) dans le cas b), ou en ce que la rainure d'amenée de liquide (4.6) s'étend sur un angle compris entre 90° et 270° dans la direction périphérique de la première section (4.1) de la buse (4) dans le cas a), et en ce que la rainure de retour de liquide s'étend sur un angle compris entre 90° et 270° dans la direction périphérique de la première section (4.1) de la buse (4) dans le cas b).
  7. Buse selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que seulement deux rainures d'amenée de liquide (4.20 ; 4.21) sont prévues dans le cas a), et seulement deux rainures de retour de liquide (4.22) dans le cas b).
  8. Buse selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que les deux rainures d'amenée de liquide (4.20 ; 4.21) sont disposées sur la périphérie de la buse symétriquement à une droite qui traverse à angle droit l'axe longitudinal de la buse (4) depuis le point central de la rainure de retour de liquide (4.22) dans le cas a), et les deux rainures de retour de liquide sont disposées sur la périphérie de la buse symétriquement à une droite qui traverse à angle droit l'axe longitudinal de la buse (4) depuis le point central de la rainure d'amenée de liquide dans le cas b).
  9. Buse selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisée en ce que les points centraux des deux rainures d'amenée de liquide (4.20 ; 4.21) dans le cas a) et les points centraux des deux rainures de retour de liquide dans le cas b) sont décalés l'un par rapport à l'autre d'un angle compris entre 30° et 180° sur la périphérie de la buse (4).
  10. Buse selon l'une des revendications 7 à 9, caractérisée en ce que la largeur de la rainure de retour de liquide (4.22) dans le cas a) et la largeur de la rainure d'amenée de liquide dans le cas b) est comprise entre 120° et 270° dans la direction périphérique.
  11. Buse selon l'une des revendications 7 à 10, caractérisée en ce que les deux rainures d'amenée de liquide (4.20 ; 4.21) sont reliées l'une à l'autre dans la première section (4.1) de la buse (4) dans le cas a), et en ce que les deux rainures de retour de liquide sont reliées l'une à l'autre dans la première section (4.1) de la buse (4) dans le cas b).
  12. Buse selon la revendication 11, caractérisée en ce que les deux rainures d'amenée de liquide (4.20 ; 4.21) sont reliées l'une à l'autre par une rainure d'amenée de liquide (4.6) dans la première section (4.1) de la buse (4) dans le cas a), et en ce que les deux rainures de retour de liquide sont reliées l'une à l'autre par une rainure de retour de liquide dans la première section (4.1) de la buse (4) dans le cas b), en particulier en ce que la rainure d'amenée de liquide (4.6) dépasse d'une ou des deux rainures d'amenée de liquide (4.20 ; 4.21) dans le cas a) et en ce que la rainure de retour de liquide dépasse d'une ou des deux rainures de retour de liquide dans le cas b).
  13. Tête de torche à plasma (1), comportant :
    - une buse selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12,
    - un support de buse (5) pour le maintien de la buse (4), et
    - un capuchon de buse (2), de préférence ledit capuchon de buse (2) présentant une surface intérieure (2.2) qui se rétrécit sensiblement en forme de cône et une surface extérieure qui se rétrécit sensiblement en forme de cône, en outre la surface intérieure (2.2) du capuchon de buse (2) présentant au moins deux, en particulier exactement trois évidements (2.6) sur un plan radial qui se trouve dans la région de la surface extérieure se rétrécissant sensiblement en forme de cône, ledit capuchon de buse (2) et la buse (4) formant un compartiment (10) à liquide de refroidissement pouvant être relié par deux alésages décalés respectivement de 60° à 180° à une conduite d'amenée de liquide de refroidissement ou à une conduite de retour de liquide de refroidissement, le support de buse (5) étant réalisé de telle manière que le liquide de refroidissement parvienne dans le compartiment (10) à liquide de refroidissement pratiquement perpendiculairement à l'axe longitudinal de la tête de torche à plasma (1) incident à la buse (4) et/ou parvienne dans le support de buse pratiquement perpendiculairement à l'axe longitudinal depuis le compartiment à liquide de refroidissement.
  14. Tête de torche à plasma (1) selon la revendication 13, caractérisée en ce que la buse (4) présente une ou deux rainures d'amenée de liquide de refroidissement (4.20 ; 4.21), et le capuchon de buse (2) sur sa surface intérieure (2.5) au moins deux, en particulier exactement trois, évidements (2.6), dont les orifices ouverts vers la buse (4) s'étendent respectivement sur une mesure d'arc (b2), la mesure d'arc (d4 ; e4) de chacune des zones (4.31 ; 4.32) de la buse (4) adjacentes aux rainures d'amenée de liquide de refroidissement (4.20 ; 4.21) dans la direction périphérique et dépassant vers l'extérieur par rapport à la ou aux rainures d'amenée de liquide de refroidissement, étant au moins aussi grande que la mesure d'arc (b2).
  15. Tête de torche à plasma (1) selon la revendication 13 ou 15, caractérisée en ce que la mesure d'arc (c2) de la section entre les évidements (2.6) du capuchon de buse (2) équivaut au plus à la moitié de la mesure d'arc (a4) minimale de la rainure de retour de liquide de refroidissement (4.22) ou de la mesure d'arc (b4) minimale de la rainure d'amenée de liquide de refroidissement (4.20) et/ou (4.21) de la buse (4).
EP09011322.6A 2008-10-09 2009-09-03 Buse pour une torche à plasma refroidie par liquide, coiffe de tuyère pour une torche à plasma et tête de torche à plasma dotée de celle-ci Active EP2175702B9 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12006772.3A EP2563100B1 (fr) 2008-10-09 2009-09-03 Buse pour une torche à plasma refroidie par liquide et tête de torche à plasma dotée de celle-ci
SI200930633T SI2175702T1 (sl) 2008-10-09 2009-09-03 Šoba in pokrov šobe za plazemski gorilnik s hlajenjem s tekočino in glava plazemskega gorilnika z le-to/le-tema
PL09011322T PL2175702T5 (pl) 2008-10-09 2009-09-03 Dysza oraz nasadka na dyszę do palnika plazmowego chłodzonego cieczą, oraz głowica palnika plazmowego zawierająca jedną z nich lub obie
SI200930633A SI2175702T2 (sl) 2008-10-09 2009-09-03 Šoba in pokrov šobe za plazemski gorilnik s hlajenjem s tekočino in glava plazemskega gorilnika z le-to/le-tema
HRP20130559TT HRP20130559T4 (hr) 2008-10-09 2013-06-18 Mlaznica i poklopac mlaznice tekućinom hlađenog plazmatskog plamenika, te glava plazmatskog plamenika koja nosi jedno od njih ili oboje

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DE102008050770 2008-10-09
DE102009006132.0A DE102009006132C5 (de) 2008-10-09 2009-01-26 Düse für einen flüssigkeitsgekühlten Plasmabrenner, Düsenkappe für einen flüssigkeitsgekühlten Plasmabrenner sowie Plasmabrennerkopf mit derselben/denselben

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EP12006772.3 Division-Into 2012-09-28

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EP2175702A1 EP2175702A1 (fr) 2010-04-14
EP2175702B1 EP2175702B1 (fr) 2013-03-20
EP2175702B2 true EP2175702B2 (fr) 2017-01-04
EP2175702B9 EP2175702B9 (fr) 2017-05-17

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EP09011322.6A Active EP2175702B9 (fr) 2008-10-09 2009-09-03 Buse pour une torche à plasma refroidie par liquide, coiffe de tuyère pour une torche à plasma et tête de torche à plasma dotée de celle-ci

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US (1) US8941026B2 (fr)
EP (2) EP2563100B1 (fr)
KR (2) KR101225435B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101836509B (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0920511B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2734986C (fr)
DE (1) DE102009006132C5 (fr)
DK (1) DK2175702T4 (fr)
ES (1) ES2425436T5 (fr)
HR (1) HRP20130559T4 (fr)
MX (1) MX2011002912A (fr)
PL (1) PL2175702T5 (fr)
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Publication number Publication date
SI2175702T1 (sl) 2013-08-30
EP2175702A1 (fr) 2010-04-14
CA2734986A1 (fr) 2010-04-15
EP2175702B9 (fr) 2017-05-17
US20110284502A1 (en) 2011-11-24
HRP20130559T4 (hr) 2017-04-21
CN101836509B (zh) 2012-12-05
BRPI0920511A2 (pt) 2018-10-23
ES2425436T5 (es) 2017-07-20
KR20120117945A (ko) 2012-10-24
RU2011117304A (ru) 2012-11-20
DK2175702T4 (en) 2017-04-10
KR101225435B1 (ko) 2013-01-22
PL2175702T3 (pl) 2013-10-31
RU2519245C2 (ru) 2014-06-10
WO2010040328A1 (fr) 2010-04-15
PT2175702E (pt) 2013-06-27
DK2175702T3 (da) 2013-06-24
PL2175702T5 (pl) 2017-09-29
KR20110063663A (ko) 2011-06-13
EP2563100A1 (fr) 2013-02-27
HRP20130559T1 (en) 2013-07-31
SI2175702T2 (sl) 2017-04-26
KR101234874B1 (ko) 2013-02-19
CA2734986C (fr) 2017-06-13
EP2563100B1 (fr) 2013-11-20
DE102009006132A1 (de) 2010-05-27
CN101836509A (zh) 2010-09-15
DE102009006132C5 (de) 2015-06-03
US8941026B2 (en) 2015-01-27
BRPI0920511B1 (pt) 2021-02-23
DE102009006132B4 (de) 2010-12-16
MX2011002912A (es) 2011-07-04
ZA201102989B (en) 2012-07-25
ES2425436T3 (es) 2013-10-15
EP2175702B1 (fr) 2013-03-20

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