EP2173504A1 - Machine à laminer des profilés - Google Patents

Machine à laminer des profilés

Info

Publication number
EP2173504A1
EP2173504A1 EP08801517A EP08801517A EP2173504A1 EP 2173504 A1 EP2173504 A1 EP 2173504A1 EP 08801517 A EP08801517 A EP 08801517A EP 08801517 A EP08801517 A EP 08801517A EP 2173504 A1 EP2173504 A1 EP 2173504A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
profile
rolling
carriage
jaw
machine according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08801517A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2173504B1 (fr
Inventor
Ernst Walter Menn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
E W Menn GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
E W Menn GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by E W Menn GmbH and Co KG filed Critical E W Menn GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP2173504A1 publication Critical patent/EP2173504A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2173504B1 publication Critical patent/EP2173504B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21HMAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
    • B21H3/00Making helical bodies or bodies having parts of helical shape
    • B21H3/02Making helical bodies or bodies having parts of helical shape external screw-threads ; Making dies for thread rolling
    • B21H3/06Making by means of profiled members other than rolls, e.g. reciprocating flat dies or jaws, moved longitudinally or curvilinearly with respect to each other
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21HMAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
    • B21H5/00Making gear wheels, racks, spline shafts or worms
    • B21H5/02Making gear wheels, racks, spline shafts or worms with cylindrical outline, e.g. by means of die rolls
    • B21H5/027Making gear wheels, racks, spline shafts or worms with cylindrical outline, e.g. by means of die rolls by rolling using reciprocating flat dies, e.g. racks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a profile rolling machine for rolling a profile, in particular a thread, in a blank.
  • Such profile rolling machines are z. B. from German Utility Model DE 8124426 U1 known.
  • the profile rolling machine disclosed therein has a first profiled rolling jaw and a second profiled rolling jaw, which can be moved back and forth relative to one another in order to roll the profile into the blank.
  • the lubricant between the sliding mating prevents so-called galling when the carriage is running in the guide.
  • the present invention seeks to further develop a known roll forming machine and in particular their sliding between carriage and guideway so that it is much less sensitive both in terms of their wear and in terms of their lubricating behavior than previously known profile rolling machines ,
  • a profile rolling machine is characterized in that the databases and / or Schlittengleitplatten are at least partially made of ceramic or a non-metallic material or coated therewith.
  • the claimed materials for the searchesgleitplatten and / or Schlittengleitplatten is advantageously achieved that the pairing thus formed is both much less susceptible to wear as well as from their lubricating behavior ago much less sensitive.
  • the claimed use of the materials also permits the use of a closed lubrication system that can be used over and over again with lubricants. This saves costs and protects the environment.
  • the inventively designed profile rolling machine is less sensitive to the ingress of dirt due to the high hardness of the materials.
  • the sliding pairing designed according to the invention also makes it possible to use a combined cooling and lubricating medium, ie a medium which fulfills both a cooling function and a lubricating function. light.
  • the use of such a combined medium has the advantage that not both a cooling circuit and a lubricant circuit must be provided, but that only one cycle is required, which in turn costs can be saved.
  • costs can be saved if the guide sliding plates and / or the slide sliding plates are not formed completely, but only with one or more inserts or a coating of the claimed materials.
  • the second profile rolling jaw is exchangeably attached to the carriage as a wearing part.
  • both profiled rolling jaws can be moved.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a guide rail according to the invention with a carriage according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a guideway 130 according to the invention, in which a carriage 124 is mounted so as to be movable back and forth. The back and forth process takes place in the direction of the double arrow.
  • the carriage 124 has a recess 125 into which a second profiled rolling jaw 126 can be exchangeably used as a wearing part.
  • the guideway 130 has preferably large-area guide sliding plates 132, which together with Schlittengleitplatten 122 on the carriage 124 form a sliding pair.
  • the guide sliding plates 132 and / or the slide sliding plates 122 are at least partially made of or coated with ceramic or a non-metallic material.
  • FIG. 2 shows the functional principle of the profile rolling machine, wherein a first profile rolling jaw 110 and the second profile rolling jaw 126 are moved back and forth relative to one another in order to roll in a profile, in particular a thread, in a blank 200 existing between them.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Bearings For Parts Moving Linearly (AREA)
  • Machine Tool Units (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
EP08801517A 2007-08-07 2008-08-05 Machine à laminer des profilés Active EP2173504B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007037152 2007-08-07
PCT/EP2008/006423 WO2009018992A1 (fr) 2007-08-07 2008-08-05 Machine à laminer des profilés

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2173504A1 true EP2173504A1 (fr) 2010-04-14
EP2173504B1 EP2173504B1 (fr) 2010-10-20

Family

ID=40020194

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08801517A Active EP2173504B1 (fr) 2007-08-07 2008-08-05 Machine à laminer des profilés

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US8468863B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2173504B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE485118T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE502008001609D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2354520T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009018992A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104117611B (zh) * 2014-07-24 2016-12-07 浙江科佳机械有限公司 搓丝机滑块安装结构
CN105127341B (zh) * 2015-08-28 2017-08-25 温州中特标准件有限公司 一种搓丝机的滑动拖板结构

Family Cites Families (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB210888A (en) 1922-11-11 1924-02-11 Richard Stanley Dowell Improved baby comforter or soother
US3214951A (en) * 1963-03-11 1965-11-02 Michigan Tool Co Apparatus for rolling teeth on tubular elements
GB1070160A (en) 1964-12-07 1967-05-24 Hartford Special Machinery Co Thread rolling machines
US3566652A (en) * 1968-08-23 1971-03-02 Michigan Tool Co Method and apparatus for providing a toothed-forming rack
US4028921A (en) 1976-02-13 1977-06-14 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Tooth forming rack with replaceable inserts
JPS5947035A (ja) * 1982-09-10 1984-03-16 Seiko Instr & Electronics Ltd ネジ加工用転造盤のエア−装置
US4519231A (en) * 1983-03-11 1985-05-28 Roth Robert G Forming machine including drive mechanism having rack and gear synchronization
JPS6099407A (ja) * 1983-11-04 1985-06-03 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd 継目無鋼管製管機用ガイドシユ−
JPS639515A (ja) * 1986-07-01 1988-01-16 Opt Kk 成形機における型開閉装置の摺動機構
US5131250A (en) 1991-02-08 1992-07-21 The National Machinery Company Flat die thread roller
CH684124A5 (de) * 1991-11-21 1994-07-15 Gautschi Electro Fours Sa Transporteinrichtung für Stoss- oder Durchlauföfen.
JP2638375B2 (ja) * 1992-02-20 1997-08-06 株式会社日立製作所 連続溶融金属メッキ装置及び連続溶融金属メッキ装置用軸受
US5560238A (en) * 1994-11-23 1996-10-01 The National Machinery Company Thread rolling monitor
US6108909A (en) * 1996-07-02 2000-08-29 Sae Magnetics (H.K.) Ltd. Groove forming processes for shaft outer diameter
DE19653343A1 (de) * 1996-12-20 1998-06-25 Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag Vorrichtung zum Transport von Bogen, die von einem Bogenstapel vereinzelt worden sind
DE19728669C2 (de) 1997-07-04 2001-08-23 Leico Werkzeugmaschb Gmbh & Co Verfahren und Querwalzmaschine zum Formen eines rotationssymmetrischen Hohlkörpers
US6301945B1 (en) * 2000-06-01 2001-10-16 Utica Enterprises, Inc. Rack slide assembly and machine for rolling splines in a round workpiece
DE10028165A1 (de) 2000-06-09 2001-12-13 Ex Cell O Gmbh Kaltwalzmaschine
US7021114B2 (en) * 2004-04-16 2006-04-04 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Stent crimper
US7526937B2 (en) * 2006-02-02 2009-05-05 Zauhar Mark L Can bottom forming assembly

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2009018992A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE502008001609D1 (de) 2010-12-02
EP2173504B1 (fr) 2010-10-20
WO2009018992A1 (fr) 2009-02-12
US20100175451A1 (en) 2010-07-15
ATE485118T1 (de) 2010-11-15
ES2354520T3 (es) 2011-03-15
US8468863B2 (en) 2013-06-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE3931806C2 (de) Lineare Führungsvorrichtung
DE112010002968T5 (de) Kurvenrolle und Verfahren zum Herstellen der Kurvenrolle
DE102014106533B4 (de) Scheibenbremse für ein Nutzfahrzeug
EP2336423A2 (fr) Elément d'amortissement pour la construction de voies ferrées ayant une couche de glissement, système de rails pour voie ferrée doté d'un élément d'amortissement et procédé de fabrication d'un élément d'amortissement
DE102006007978A1 (de) Teleskopführung mit Rastelement
EP2607732A1 (fr) Guidage linéaire, dispositif de lubrifiant et utilisation d'un tel dispositif de lubrifiant dans un guidage linéaire
DE102015205657A1 (de) Passive Schmierung der Gleitführung einer Greifvorrichtung
EP2173504B1 (fr) Machine à laminer des profilés
DE1774925A1 (de) Fuehrungseinrichtung mit einem laengs einer Fuehrungsstange bewegbaren Schieber
DE2609817A1 (de) Kolben, insbesondere fuer einen pneumatikzylinder
DE202016101698U1 (de) Gleitlager, Gleitführung und Gleitelement für eine Kurvenschiene
DE102017128700B3 (de) Rollstab, Rollstabaggregat, Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Rollstabes und kontinuierliche Presse
DE102007006248A1 (de) Linearmodul
DE10357441B3 (de) Festwalzrollenkopf für Split-Pin-Kurbelwellen
DE2831142C2 (de) Durchbiegungseinstellwalze
DE202007016472U1 (de) Vorrichtung zum Einleiten einer Festwalzkraft in ein lineares Festwalzwerkzeug
DE102011103247A1 (de) Rollelement eines Tripodegelenks sowie Tripodegelenk, aufweisend ein derartiges Rollelement
EP0904891B1 (fr) Chariot pour dispositif de guidage
DE4300099C1 (de) Klemmeinrichtung mit parallelen Klemmflächen
DE102011017758B4 (de) Schmiermittelzufuhr für eine Linearführung
EP3500134B1 (fr) Chariot doté d'au moins un corps de cylindre
DE202007009719U1 (de) Türantrieb für mindestens einen Türflügel in einem Fahrzeug
DE60302316T2 (de) Kopf mit Klauen für eine Vorrichtung zum Verkorken von Flaschen mit Korken
DE102014004076B4 (de) Spritzgussmaschine mit Sicherheitstür
EP1862235B1 (fr) Mandrin pour outil de cintrage à direction de cintrage variable

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20100107

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL BA MK RS

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: MENN, ERNST, WALTER

Inventor name: ROTH, EBERHARD

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: GERMAN

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 502008001609

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20101202

Kind code of ref document: P

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: VDEP

Effective date: 20101020

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Effective date: 20110303

LTIE Lt: invalidation of european patent or patent extension

Effective date: 20101020

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20101020

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110120

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FD4D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110220

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20101020

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110120

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20101020

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20101020

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20101020

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20101020

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110221

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20101020

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110121

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20101020

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20101020

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20101020

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20101020

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20101020

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20101020

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20101020

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20110721

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 502008001609

Country of ref document: DE

Effective date: 20110721

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20101020

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: E. W. MENN G.M.B.H. & CO. KG

Effective date: 20110831

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20110831

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

Effective date: 20120430

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20110831

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20110831

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20120805

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20120831

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20120831

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION

Effective date: 20101020

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20110805

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20120805

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20101020

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20101020

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MM01

Ref document number: 485118

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20130805

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20130805

P01 Opt-out of the competence of the unified patent court (upc) registered

Effective date: 20230517

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20230825

Year of fee payment: 16

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20230821

Year of fee payment: 16

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20231027

Year of fee payment: 16