EP2171128A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von isocyanaten durch anodische oxidation vom formamiden - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von isocyanaten durch anodische oxidation vom formamidenInfo
- Publication number
- EP2171128A1 EP2171128A1 EP08774881A EP08774881A EP2171128A1 EP 2171128 A1 EP2171128 A1 EP 2171128A1 EP 08774881 A EP08774881 A EP 08774881A EP 08774881 A EP08774881 A EP 08774881A EP 2171128 A1 EP2171128 A1 EP 2171128A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- isocyanates
- formamides
- formamide
- area
- anodic oxidation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
- C25B3/20—Processes
- C25B3/23—Oxidation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
- C25B3/01—Products
- C25B3/05—Heterocyclic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
- C25B3/01—Products
- C25B3/07—Oxygen containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
- C25B3/01—Products
- C25B3/09—Nitrogen containing compounds
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the preparation of isocyanates by oxidation of formamides.
- Isocyanates are important raw materials e.g. for the production of polyurethanes. They are industrially produced by reacting amines with phosgene with elimination of HCl. The disadvantage here is the use of very toxic phosgene, which makes high investments in security technology necessary, as well as the formation of two equivalents of HCl, which must be removed and disposed of or recycled.
- isocyanates are the carbonylation of aromatic nitro compounds or of amines, as described in Weissermel-Arpe, Industrielle Organische Chemie, 4th edition, pages 408-413, and the catalytic oxidation of formamides to isocyanates in the presence of a copper or silver catalyst as described in EP-A 0 000 602, EP-A 0 182 537 and DE-A 32 29 323.
- a major disadvantage of the catalytic oxidation of formamides with oxygen is that water forms as a dehydrogenation product, which can react with the moisture-sensitive isocyanates. This disadvantage can be circumvented by operating in inert solvents with the exclusion of moisture as described in US Pat. No. 3,960,914. Still existing disadvantages of the catalytic dehydrogenation of formamides to isocyanates are the relatively high reaction temperatures of up to 300 0 C and a high substrate to catalyst ratio of 2: 1 (m / m).
- oxidation of formamides may also be carried out with halogens, e.g. Bromine, as described in T. Lesiak, K. Seyda, J. Prakt. Chem. 1979, 321, 161-163. This procedure produces the corresponding hydrohalic acids which must be removed from the reaction mixture.
- halogens e.g. Bromine
- hydroxamic acids by reacting acid amides with carboxylic acid metal salts such as e.g. Potassium acetate.
- carboxylic acid metal salts such as e.g. Potassium acetate.
- the hydroxamic acids can be thermally decomposed to the isocyanates.
- the object of the invention is to provide an easy to carry out process for the preparation of isocyanates.
- R is hydrogen or any organic radical
- the Elektroylseaims next to the formamide (I) contains at least one conductive salt.
- R is hydrogen or any organic radical
- Preferred radicals R are hydrogen, straight or branched Ci-Ci o alkyl, C 2 -C 0 alkenyl or C 2 -C 0 -.
- the radicals mentioned can also be substituted twice, 3 times or more with -NH-CHO.
- radicals R are methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, tert-butyl, phenylethyl and 6- ⁇ / -formylhexyl.
- the electrolysis solution contains in addition to the formamide (I) at least one conductive salt.
- the conductive salts contained in the electrolysis solution are generally alkali metal salts such as salts of Li, Na, K or quaternary ammonium salts such as tetra (C 1 to C 6 alkyl) ammonium or tri (C 1 to C 6 alkyl) methyl ammonium salts.
- Suitable counterions are sulfate, hydrogen sulfate, alkyl sulfates, aryl sulfates, halides, phosphates, carbonates, alkyl phosphates, alkyl carbonates, nitrate, alcoholates, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, perchlorate or bis-triflimide.
- suitable conductive salts are ionic liquids ("lonic liquids")
- lonic liquids ionic liquids
- electrochemically stable ionic liquids are described in "Lonic Liquids in Synthesis”, eds. Peter Wasserscheid, Tom Welton, Verlag Wiley-VCH 2003, chap. 1 to 3.
- Preferred conducting salts are tetrabutylammonium fluoroborate, methyltributylammonium methylsulfate, methyltriethylammonium methylsulfate or lithium bis-triflimide.
- the electrolysis solution may further contain an inert solvent.
- Suitable solvents are polar aprotonic solvents having high electrochemical stability, such as acetonitrile, propionitrile, adiponitrile, suberititrile, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dichloromethane, nitromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, Trichlorethylene, tetrachlorethylene, hexafluoroacetone, ⁇ / -methylpyrrolidinone, hexamethylphosphoric triamide, dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethylpropyleneurea (DMPU).
- polar aprotonic solvents having high electrochemical stability, such as acetonitrile, propionitrile, adiponitrile, suberititrile, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dichloromethane, nitromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-
- the formamides if liquid, are preferably electrolyzed in the absence of an additional solvent.
- Solid formamides are generally dissolved in a solvent and electrolyzed in the solvent in the presence of the conducting salt. However, solid formamides can be converted to the liquid state by working at temperatures above their melting point.
- the process according to the invention can be carried out in all customary divided or undivided types of electrolytic cell. Preferably, one works continuously with undivided flow cells. It is expedient to work in the absence of moisture.
- bipolar switched capillary gap cells or Plattenstapelzellen in which the electrodes are designed as plates and are arranged plane-parallel (Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 1999 electronic release, Sixth Edition, VCH Verlag Weinheim, Volume Electrochemistry, Chapter 3.5 special cell designs, as well as Chapter 5, Organic Electrochemistry, Subchapter 5.4.3.2 Cell Design).
- the electrode material graphite is preferable.
- the current densities at which the process is carried out are generally 0.1 to 100, preferably 0.3 to 10 A / dm 2 .
- work is carried out at atmospheric pressure. Higher pressures are preferably used when operating at higher temperatures in order to avoid boiling of the starting compounds or the solvent.
- Suitable anode materials are, for example, noble metals such as platinum or metal oxides such as ruthenium or chromium oxide or mixed oxides of the type RuO x , TiO x and diamond electrodes. Preference is given to graphite or carbon electrodes.
- cathode materials for example, iron, steel, stainless steel, nickel or precious metals such as platinum and graphite or carbon materials and diamond electrodes into consideration.
- the system is graphite or platinum as the anode and cathode and graphite or platinum as the anode and nickel, stainless steel or steel as the cathode.
- the electrolyte solution is worked up by general separation methods.
- the electrolysis solution is generally first distilled and the individual compounds are recovered separately in the form of different fractions. Further purification can be carried out, for example, by crystallization, extraction, distillation or by chromatography.
- the isocyanate formed may also be continuously removed from the electrolysis solution by distillation during anodic oxidation.
- An electrolyte consisting of 80 g of formamide and 1, 2 g of tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate was on a graphite anode and a steel cathode (area: 10 cm 2 , distance 9 mm) 9 h at a current density of 3 A / dm 2 and a temperature of 40 0 C electrolyzed, with a voltage of 23 - 26 V set.
- Cyanuric acid (2 g, corresponding to a current efficiency of 78%) was obtained by filtration of the electrolyte as a white solid.
- reaction mixture was examined by qualitative GC analysis. It had formed 0.42 area% (I-isocyanatoethyl) benzene, at the same time were still 97.9 area% ⁇ / - (1-phenylethyl) formamide present (99.3 area% at the beginning).
- 4-methyl-4H-benzo [e] [1, 3] oxazine (0.58 area%) was formed as the product of an intramolecular cyclization of (I-isocyanatoethyl) benzene.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08774881A EP2171128B1 (de) | 2007-07-13 | 2008-07-08 | Verfahren zur herstellung von isocyanaten durch anodische oxidation vom formamiden |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP07112435 | 2007-07-13 | ||
| EP08774881A EP2171128B1 (de) | 2007-07-13 | 2008-07-08 | Verfahren zur herstellung von isocyanaten durch anodische oxidation vom formamiden |
| PCT/EP2008/058836 WO2009010420A1 (de) | 2007-07-13 | 2008-07-08 | Verfahren zur herstellung von isocyanaten durch anodische oxidation vom formamiden |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2171128A1 true EP2171128A1 (de) | 2010-04-07 |
| EP2171128B1 EP2171128B1 (de) | 2011-09-21 |
Family
ID=39776863
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08774881A Not-in-force EP2171128B1 (de) | 2007-07-13 | 2008-07-08 | Verfahren zur herstellung von isocyanaten durch anodische oxidation vom formamiden |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2171128B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE525497T1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2009010420A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4430262A (en) * | 1981-06-05 | 1984-02-07 | Shell Oil Company | Preparation of isocyanates and/or derivatives thereof |
| JPH03104892A (ja) * | 1989-08-15 | 1991-05-01 | Osaka City | 有機イソシアネート類の製造法 |
-
2008
- 2008-07-08 AT AT08774881T patent/ATE525497T1/de active
- 2008-07-08 WO PCT/EP2008/058836 patent/WO2009010420A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2008-07-08 EP EP08774881A patent/EP2171128B1/de not_active Not-in-force
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2009010420A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2009010420A9 (de) | 2009-03-19 |
| ATE525497T1 (de) | 2011-10-15 |
| EP2171128B1 (de) | 2011-09-21 |
| WO2009010420A1 (de) | 2009-01-22 |
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