EP2166168A1 - Poutres en bloc comportant un tronc - Google Patents

Poutres en bloc comportant un tronc Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2166168A1
EP2166168A1 EP08016415A EP08016415A EP2166168A1 EP 2166168 A1 EP2166168 A1 EP 2166168A1 EP 08016415 A EP08016415 A EP 08016415A EP 08016415 A EP08016415 A EP 08016415A EP 2166168 A1 EP2166168 A1 EP 2166168A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
block beam
block
wood
construction
growth
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP08016415A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Alexandra Duffner
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Priority to EP08016415A priority Critical patent/EP2166168A1/fr
Publication of EP2166168A1 publication Critical patent/EP2166168A1/fr
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
    • E04B2/70—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood
    • E04B2/701—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood with integrated supporting and obturation function

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to logs for the construction of wooden structures or of wood formed from several horizontally stacked wooden beams.
  • the block beams are particularly suitable for the construction of houses, especially houses in half-timbered construction and other buildings.
  • Block beams for the construction of wooden structures or of wood walls formed from a plurality of horizontally stacked block beams are known from the prior art.
  • logs are usually first deburred, debarked and then cut by halving (half-section) or quarters (quarter section) of the logs in the longitudinal direction to wooden beams.
  • halving half-section
  • quarters quarter section
  • the freshly cut wood (as a standardized product according to DIN 68252) initially has no building inspectorate approval for use as lumber (as Bauismeholz) for supporting or stiffening purposes. It must first on a wood moisture of max. 20% dried and then sorted according to the load bearing capacity according to the criteria specified in DIN 4074. Some of these sorting criteria are z. B. the location and size of branches, the type, location and depth of cracks, as well as the inclination (the wood fibers should be as parallel as possible to the longitudinal axis of the wood cross section). Only wood meeting the sorting criteria may be used for structural or structural purposes.
  • wimmer growth or wimmer Another growth anomaly is called wimmer growth or wimmer.
  • wimmer growth or wimmer are wood with not exactly running annual rings in the longitudinal direction without any other damage. Severe deworming becomes a problem for the woodworking industry, as the wood is less dimensionally stable and tends to crack. Especially in older firs occurs Wimmer more often and here leads to impairment due to poor usability. They give a restless grain pattern, and lead to poor planable wood. In addition, wimmerwüchsiges wood from a certain wood strength practically no longer dry.
  • Black seed or generally nuclear rot is an infestation of parasitic fungi that can erode a tree by decomposing and thus hollowing out its core. Wood of such trees can not be used for construction work as a rule, since when cutting beams from such trunks, the cut may run into the decomposed core and the resulting beam is thus unusable.
  • Trees that have wood diseases or growth anomalies can not yet be used for the production of structural wood. Due to the cutting techniques described above, the wood used so far for building purposes must be as flawless as possible in order to obtain high-quality products that can be used, for example, in log cabin construction. The problem here, however, is the high price of such woods. If these trees are slow-growing species or hardwood, the wood is also not suitable for the production of paper and, in principle, can only be used as firewood.
  • the object of the present invention is to find a cheaper alternative to the hitherto used for construction high-priced wood, but on the other hand should meet the mechanical and physical requirements for the construction of timber structures or houses in block design.
  • a block beam made of a tree trunk having wood diseases or growth anomalies and flattened on at least two opposite sides is used for the construction of wooden structures or wood walls formed of a plurality of horizontally stacked timber beams, particularly houses and others Buildings can be used if it is manufactured in one piece.
  • the present invention is based on the recognition that most of the disadvantages of wood diseases and growth anomalies only come into play when the wood is sawed in the hitherto customary manner, i. in beams with half or quarter section.
  • the wood is largely preserved in its original form during further processing, i. Only the fewest possible wood fibers or rings are severed, so the mechanical stresses in the finished block beam largely correspond to those of the original tree.
  • This is achieved by the one-piece block beams according to the invention.
  • the stresses in the one-piece block beams according to the invention largely cancel each other out and the block beam remains straight. If such a tree trunk had been divided by a quarter section, the resulting beam would be very distorted due to the asymmetric destruction of the natural wood structure during drying.
  • a first object of the present invention is therefore a block beam for the construction of wooden structures, of wood formed from several horizontal stacked timber beams, in particular of houses and other buildings or for timber-framed construction of the block beam einstielig made of a tree trunk and at least two opposite sides flattened in the longitudinal direction and which is characterized in that the block beam is made of a tree trunk having wood diseases and / or growth anomalies. This means that the areas of the tree trunk where the wood diseases and / or growth anomalies are located are part of the blockbeam. So you will not be removed by trimming the tribe.
  • Flattened in the longitudinal direction means along the original growth direction of the tree from which the block beam is made. This flattening in the longitudinal direction can be carried out in different ways.
  • the block beams according to the invention are characterized in that they have at least two largely parallel surfaces in the longitudinal direction, ie along the original direction of growth.
  • the block beams after cutting to the desired length, stacked on the parallel surfaces and then fixed.
  • the one-piece block beams according to the invention can also have two opposite cut surfaces which converge slightly along the original direction of growth.
  • the resulting cross-sectional areas of the block beam ends are different in size in this case.
  • the block beams can also be stacked and fixed here after cutting to the desired length, in each case on the parallel surfaces.
  • the block bars are alternately superimposed with the smaller and larger block bar ends.
  • Wood from trees with growth anomalies is characterized by the fact that it often remains in growth and therefore has a finer ring structure in relation to the annual rings and forms latewood. Therefore, this wood is usually harder than the wood of healthy grown trees of the same kind.
  • the term one-piece construction is understood to mean a block beam in which the full cross-section of the tree trunk is used as far as possible.
  • the trunk is thus not split along the longitudinal axis, as is the case with a half-section or a quarter-section.
  • the core of the tribe also referred to as the heart, is therefore largely located in the middle of the preserved one-piece log.
  • the one-piece block beam according to the invention has the advantage that the wood with the finest annual rings lies on the outer sides of the block beam, which is particularly hard and resistant. Possible weakenings of the block beam due to internal defects, such as nuclear rot, therefore have only a secondary effect on the overall stability of the block beam, in particular if it has a large thickness, for example of 25 cm or more.
  • wood diseases and / or growth anomalies are, for example, curvature, woodiness, twisting, fiber deviation (growth), growth of wax, twigs (fork growth), double core, eccentric growth, tension, reaction wood (pressure wood), stinginess and bumps, wound overgrowth, measles tubers and Growth of males, adhesion, cracking, ring or core peeling, ring gap, nuclear brittleness and nuclear rot, especially black nucleus, wet core, lunar ring, resinous galls, cancerousness, bark firing, cortical necrosis (colouration), feeding ducts, for example termite infestation, mistletoe attack, lightning damage, freeze strip, waxed Metal, splinter infestation, felling and reverse damage, biting, peeling and felling damage.
  • termite infestation mistletoe attack
  • lightning damage freeze strip
  • waxed Metal splinter infestation
  • felling and reverse damage biting, peeling and felling damage.
  • tree trunks having dimpling, wild shoots, root canes, ring or core peels, tenderness and dents, wound overgrowth, measles tubers and maser growth, intergrowth, nuclear brittleness, and nuclear rot, especially black core, wet core, lunar ring, resinous gall, crab.
  • growth anomalies or wood diseases affect the mechanical strength of logs only to a small extent when the logs are manufactured in one piece, partially even their capacity even in comparison to healthy wood increase, as in Wimmerwuchs, wild shooters, root approaches , Tenderness and bumps, as well Adhesions can occur.
  • wood with growth anomalies or wood diseases is very inexpensive.
  • nuclear rot on the stability of the one-piece block beams according to the invention has no particularly great influence.
  • the nuclear rot usually affects only the inner part and thus youngest part of the tree trunk.
  • the older, more outward wood is naturally much harder and therefore more sustainable.
  • Single-core logs made of wood with core rot are sufficient in terms of load-bearing capacity and durability to produce logs for the construction of wooden structures or log houses.
  • a further development of the one-piece block beams according to the invention with core rot or generally with internal damage is to mill out the inner area of the log or block beam infested or damaged by nuclear rot.
  • the resultant in this way hollow core can then be impregnated with lime sludge or lime solution for preservation purposes and optionally additionally filled with clay, especially light clay, limestone, hemp or cellulose or other filling or insulating materials.
  • the likewise preferred wood of trees with wimmer growth is characterized by a particular hardness. This is probably due to the adhesions in the outer layers of wood. Since this wood is particularly hard, logs according to the invention are made of such wood particularly viable. Wimmerwüchsiges wood of firs, especially silver firs is particularly stable and therefore preferred.
  • the wood of branchy trees is also particularly preferred since, similar to the growth of worms, the acuteness leads to a higher wood hardness of the outer layers of the stem. Since in the block beams according to the invention, the wood structure due to the Einkunzier is largely retained, it is also when drying made of this wood block beams not to a strong warping, as would inevitably be the case with half or quarter cut beam from this wood.
  • the block beam according to the invention is made of the first trunk length or of earth logs, that is to say the part of the tree trunk which adjoins the root area.
  • the stem length is preferably up to 15 m, particularly preferably up to 12 m.
  • the wood in this area is often harder and often has adhesions that are partly due to the rooting.
  • earthy wood of trees with an age of more than 120 years, in particular of more than 150 years, most preferably of more than 200 years.
  • the block beam has a thickness of at least 25 cm, preferably at least 30 cm, particularly preferably at least 35 cm.
  • the term strength is understood as the shortest distance between two opposite side surfaces.
  • Very good usable block beams result in a thickness of 38 cm. Block beams of these thicknesses are particularly preferred because at these thicknesses possible mechanical stresses in the wooden beam, which may be caused in particular by the growth anomalies or wood diseases, can be better distributed during drying. As a result, such logs can not easily forgiven.
  • block beams according to the invention have even higher strengths. So are block beams with thicknesses of 40 cm and more, and even up to 50 cm and over it produced. For example, with lengths and widths of 40 cm x 40 cm, 40 cm x 50 cm and even 50 cm x 50 cm. These particularly solid block beams find preferred use in strong block construction or
  • the block beams according to the invention may have a square or rectangular cross-section.
  • a ratio width: height of about 1: ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1: 1.4 is particularly preferred because of its particularly high stability.
  • block beams according to the invention with a so-called forest edge.
  • Such a cross section is in Fig. 4 shown.
  • the particular advantage of this cutting technique with respect to the wood used in the present invention is that the proportion of harder outer wood of a log is greater in this block beam cross-section than, for example, a square cut.
  • nuclear rot or internal damage such as Termitenfrrust can be in this way from a given stock thickness not only larger-sized block beams, but also produce more stable block beams due to the higher proportion of hard outer wood.
  • the block beams according to the invention can be surface-treated or preserved in a manner known per se. Owing to the ecologically-oriented appearance of the block beams according to the invention, harmless surface treatment methods are preferred, such as, for example, the open-cell treatment with lime, treatment with pigments or flame treatment and tannic acid treatment, in particular with tannic acid produced from oak.
  • block beams are preferred in which the heart of the tree trunk lies largely in the center of the block beam. This embodiment is particularly preferred because these logs do not expand as fast during drying forgiven.
  • the block beams according to the invention preferably exhibit approximately a rotational symmetry with respect to the annual rings along the longitudinal axis.
  • the wood is selected from trees having an age of at least 50, in particular at least 60, 70 or 80 years for the production of the block beams according to the invention.
  • the wood of such trees preferably with an age of 80 years or even more than 90 or more than 100 years, even more than 200 or even more than 500 years, is characterized on the one hand by a high hardness, especially in the outer area and In addition, it has sufficient thickness in the trunk, so that even large-sized, one-piece block beams can be manufactured with high mechanical strength, for example, with thicknesses of 35 cm and more.
  • trees of this age especially trees of 70, 80 years or more, in particular of 90 or 100 years old or more, are more prone to growth anomalies and wood diseases and therefore these trees are used for the production of wood products for construction purposes, especially structural ones Construction parts, so far are often unusable.
  • the wood slow-growing trees especially slow-growing conifers such as firs, especially silver firs, redwoods, pines, especially Ponderosa pine or Sequoia, pines, especially Zwirbelkiefer and larch, preferably European larch, as well as deciduous trees Oak, linden and jungle woods, especially eucalyptus and meranti.
  • the wood of such trees is characterized by a higher hardness, which makes it suitable even with nuclear rot for the production of mechanically strong, einstieliger logs.
  • larch wood which usually has too strong rotation for the production of conventional logs, can be used for the production of inventive einstieliger block beams.
  • a development of the present invention provides that the block beam has a reaching to the heart of the block beam, tapered, wedge-shaped longitudinal slot.
  • This heart cut is preferably provided over the entire length of the block beam. In this way, an uncontrolled tearing of the trunk during the drying process can be prevented.
  • the longitudinal section can still be wedge-shaped after drying, for example, to a water content ⁇ 15%, and filled if necessary with a heat-insulating agent. Particularly preferably, this heart cut is provided centrally along one of the flattenings of the block beam.
  • the block beams are provided with corresponding recesses for a Eckauerplattung for the construction of a log cabin, in particular the corners.
  • recesses are provided in the width of the block beam to be fastened crosswise thereon.
  • a vertically alssp Schwarzbarer longitudinal slot is sawn into the block beam, which preferably extends centrally from the end face to over the area of Ecküberplattung.
  • a retractable wedge can be used, which presses the intersecting in the corner area block beams against each other.
  • This wedge may preferably still be combined with a tension spring which penetrates vertically through the block beam in the overplate region and which is inserted transversely to the longitudinal direction of the block beam.
  • a preferred embodiment of the block beam according to the invention is thus characterized in that the block beam at at least one of its ends Having recesses for a Ecküberplattung and on the front side of this end has a reaching beyond the area of Ecküberplattung, spreadable longitudinal slot, in which optionally a retractable wedge can be used.
  • Another object of the present invention is a method for producing the one-piece block beams according to the invention, in which a tree trunk of a tree having wood diseases or growth defects, is flattened on at least two opposite sides in the longitudinal direction.
  • the flattened sides can run as parallel as possible in the original direction of growth or slightly converge.
  • the tree trunk is sawn into a block beam of square or rectangular cross-section.
  • the procedure is such that the tree trunk is sawn into a block beam in such a way that the heart of the tree trunk lies as far as possible in the center of the block beam. That way you can inventive block beam produce high mechanical stability, which forgave or bend even during the drying process only to a very small extent.
  • Another object of the present invention relates to a wooden wall, in particular wooden wall of a house in block construction, which is formed of a plurality of horizontally superposed block beams according to the invention.
  • a wooden wall in particular wooden wall of a house in block construction, which is formed of a plurality of horizontally superposed block beams according to the invention.
  • the wooden wall according to the invention can be created in different ways.
  • one-piece block beams according to the invention are used, which have at least two largely parallel cut surfaces in the longitudinal direction, ie along the original growth direction. These can be placed on the parallel surfaces to form a wooden wall after the sheath to the desired length and then fixed.
  • a wooden wall can be made of one-piece block beams according to the invention, which have two opposite cut surfaces, which slightly converge along the original growth direction.
  • the block bars are stacked alternately with the smaller and larger block beam ends and then fixed.
  • wood logs can be used large thickness, which for example a floor of a log cabin can be created by stacking only 7 wooden beams of 38 cm thickness.
  • block bars with a thickness of 50 cm can be a floor height of for example 2.50 m already achieve with 5 stacked block beams.
  • Another advantage is ultimately the energy savings in the production of these logs, as in contrast to the usual methods, which provide the use of half and quarter cuts, less saw cuts are required for the production of a block beam.
  • the block beams according to the invention can also be used for building reconstruction of old half-timbered houses and the like.
  • block beams according to the invention can be used for the production of unusual pieces of furniture, so for example for the production of one-piece tables. Also for the production of wooden stairs.
  • the Fig. 1 shows a tree trunk 1, which is flattened by means of two, nearly parallel poles 2 and 3 along the trunk axis (perpendicular to the paper plane) on two opposite sides.
  • the tree trunk 1 is infested in the inner region 11 by nuclear rot. Through these saw cuts results in an inventive, einstieliger block beam 4, which has two curved and two flattened long sides.
  • a preferred embodiment of the block beam 4 according to the invention is shown, in which the log 1 by two more, mutually parallel additional saw cuts 5 and 6 in the longitudinal direction of the log 1 to a block bar 7 according to the invention with square cross-section sawed. Also the tree trunk 1 in the Fig. 2 is infested in the inner region 11 by nuclear rot.
  • block bar 4 show in relation to the annual rings along the longitudinal axis in about a rotational symmetry. As a result, these block bars 4 are very stable.
  • Fig. 3 shows a comparison of the prior art, an additional half-section 8, whereby the log 1 is cut into two log bars 9 and 10 rightly.
  • This half-section means that the area 11 of the nuclear rot now lies on the surfaces of the block beams 9 and 10, making them useless.
  • these logs 9 and 10 do not show rotational symmetry with respect to their grain / annual rings, and therefore would be strongly warped in the presence of other growth anomalies or wood diseases as a core rot on drying.
  • the shows Fig. 4 a further embodiment of a one-piece block beam 4 according to the invention with nuclear decay in the inner region 11.
  • the block beam has four each at an angle of approximately 90 ° to each other arranged saw cuts in the longitudinal direction 2, 3, 5 and 6 and further four further saw cuts in the longitudinal direction 12, 13, 14 and 15, which are arranged opposite the saw cuts 2, 3, 5 and 6 approximately at an angle of 45 °, so that in this embodiment, an inventive block beam 4 results with forest edge, present a block bar 4 with a cross section of an irregular octagon.
  • An advantage of this cutting technique, with respect to the wood used in the present invention that the proportion of harder outer wood of a log 1 is greater than, for example, in a square cut as in Fig. 2 shown. Furthermore, can be made in this way from tree logs block beam with a larger cross-section than in the square section.
  • the Fig. 5 shows a block beam 4 according to the invention as in Fig. 2 with a square cut, in which the core rot infested inner region 11, as in Fig. 2 shown, milled out and so a hollow core 16 results.
  • This hollow core 16 can be impregnated with lime and then filled with clay, hemp or cellulose.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
EP08016415A 2008-09-18 2008-09-18 Poutres en bloc comportant un tronc Ceased EP2166168A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08016415A EP2166168A1 (fr) 2008-09-18 2008-09-18 Poutres en bloc comportant un tronc

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08016415A EP2166168A1 (fr) 2008-09-18 2008-09-18 Poutres en bloc comportant un tronc

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EP2166168A1 true EP2166168A1 (fr) 2010-03-24

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EP08016415A Ceased EP2166168A1 (fr) 2008-09-18 2008-09-18 Poutres en bloc comportant un tronc

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8200011U1 (de) * 1982-01-02 1982-07-22 BM Massivholz GmbH & Co KG, 8741 Nordheim Bausatz zur errichtung von blockhaeusern mittels herzschnittprofils
US5325645A (en) * 1989-11-23 1994-07-05 True North Log Homes Intersecting joint
US6023895A (en) * 1997-06-24 2000-02-15 Anderson; Theodore W. Log interface and log walls and buildings constructed therefrom
WO2002070830A1 (fr) 2001-02-17 2002-09-12 Alexandra Duffner Madrier et son procede de production

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8200011U1 (de) * 1982-01-02 1982-07-22 BM Massivholz GmbH & Co KG, 8741 Nordheim Bausatz zur errichtung von blockhaeusern mittels herzschnittprofils
US5325645A (en) * 1989-11-23 1994-07-05 True North Log Homes Intersecting joint
US6023895A (en) * 1997-06-24 2000-02-15 Anderson; Theodore W. Log interface and log walls and buildings constructed therefrom
WO2002070830A1 (fr) 2001-02-17 2002-09-12 Alexandra Duffner Madrier et son procede de production

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