Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
  • D01G7/00—Breaking or opening fibre bales
  • D01G7/06—Details of apparatus or machines

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a machine loading device treating bulk materials having a certain length and generally compressed into bales, in particular materials such as fibers, yarns, debris of woven or non-woven textile products or plastics.
• the device described therein comprises: a) a hopper comprising a set of walls extending between a base and a top, the top of which is open to be able to introduce a mass of material to be loaded, and which has, in one of said walls, an opening extending from the base of said hopper; b) a driving device arranged in the bottom of said hopper for driving a ribbon of material towards and through said opening and to a loading machine; and c) a knife disposed on an upper edge of the opening, having a substantially straight blade and parallel to the base of the hopper, said blade being movable in a reciprocating motion substantially perpendicular to the driving direction of the material so as to cutting in the material entrained towards the opening to delimit the upper face and adjust the thickness of said ribbon of material, the excess material which is cut is directed into the mass of material.
• this device has certain disadvantages.
• this device has an efficiency limited by the cutting speed.
• the device of the present invention further comprises a device for balancing the reciprocating movement of said blade.
• This has the advantage of allowing a greater speed of the reciprocating movement of said blade, and therefore a greater cutting speed and efficiency of the loading device.
• said knife is connected to a control rod driven by means of a crankshaft fixed on a rotary shaft to ensure said reciprocating movement of the blade, said balancing device preferably comprising a counterweight wedged on said rotating shaft.
• the loading device may further comprise a fixed comb, preferably removable, disposed above said blade to prevent the material from following the movement of the blade.
• said blade has several removable segments, preferably ten in number. This has the advantage of allowing the replacement of a single blade segment in the case of partial damage thereof.
• said blade comprises a cutting edge placed below the level of the lower surface of said knife, said lower surface preferably being substantially smooth.
• said drive device comprises at least two plates arranged at a level lower than that of said upper edge of the opening and provided with a first set of projecting elements, in particular in the form of hooks oriented in the direction of drive, at least one of these plates being movable in a reciprocating movement substantially parallel to the driving direction of the material, and at least one other of these plates being either stationary or movable in a reciprocating movement out of phase with that of the at least one of these plates, so that the projecting elements of the at least one movable plate drive towards said opening a quantity of material when it moves in this direction and the protruding elements of the at least one other plate retain the material so that it does not accompany the projecting elements of the at least one movable plate when the latter moves in the opposite direction area.
• This embodiment has the advantage of allowing effective training of the material with simple and reliable means.
• At least one of said plates can be removably attached, preferably bolted. This makes it possible to easily replace this plate by at least one other plate, having for example protruding elements adapted to another material, so as to adapt the machine to other properties of the material that may affect its drive and also to easily repair the machine if one of said plates came to be damaged.
• said loading device further comprises programmable control means, particularly for controlling the reciprocating movement of the at least one movable plate, these programmable means being preferably digital.
• said hopper comprises, on a wall opposite said opening, a second set of projecting elements oriented in the driving direction.
• This second set of projecting elements makes it possible to retain the material so that it does not accompany the projecting elements of the at least one movable plate when the latter moves in the opposite direction to the driving direction.
• said hopper is further pivotably mounted on an axis substantially parallel to the base of the hopper and perpendicular to the driving direction, for adjusting the height of an upper edge of said opening. This makes it possible to adjust the height of said ribbon of material.
• the loading device further comprises a bucket for feeding said material hopper, said bucket being pivotally mounted on the same axis of pivoting of the hopper.
• the loading device further comprises an outlet channel disposed downstream of said opening and having a ceiling attached to the hopper with a hinge placed near the upper edge of the opening, so that it can be tilted to adjust the height of the outlet channel, said ceiling preferably being at least partially removable. Since the material ribbon may have a tendency to relax upwardly behind the opening, which could cause frictional locking of the ribbon with said ceiling, this has the advantage of allowing the ideal tightening of the material to be adjusted. according to its compressibility rate.
• said outlet channel comprises, preferably on its ceiling, a third set of projecting elements, in particular hooks oriented in the driving direction, to prevent the material from moving backwards.
• said loading device comprises a tilting press plate for compressing the strip of material exiting the loading device, said pressing plate being preferably provided with a fourth set of projecting elements, in particular hooks oriented in the direction of drive the ribbon of material, to prevent the material from backing up.
• This press plate makes it possible to improve the traction of a driving device on the material ribbon.
• the loading device also comprises a set of lateral projecting elements mounted in the hopper substantially perpendicularly to the driving direction to prevent said excess material from moving backwards.
• the advantage is that this prevents the efficiency of the loading device from falling substantially when there is little material to load in the machine, avoiding that the excess material slips far behind in the hopper.
• Figure 1 is a longitudinal section in elevation, with partial breaks, of an exemplary device of the invention according to the invention associated with a feeding machine;
• Figure 2 shows schematically the drive mechanism of the knife;
• Figure 3 is a plan view of the knife with the blade;
• Figure 4 is a section of the knife with the blade;
• Figure 5 is a top plan view of the device according to the invention;
• Figure 6 is a cross section of the driver;
• Figure 7 is a detailed view of the height adjustment device of the outlet channel and the hinge device of the press plate;
• Figure 8 is a detailed view of the press plate adjusting device;
• Figure 9 is a perspective view of a side member for joining a loading machine, and
• Figures 10 and 11 are a plan view and a section of the stationary comb.
• An exemplary embodiment of the loading device 1 according to the invention and illustrated in the drawings, in particular FIGS. 1 and 5, is intended for the fiber loading of a machine, such as a fiber cutter, this device being suitable for continuously extracting fibers from a mass of material 2 to form a ribbon 3 of determined section corresponding to the section of material that can be absorbed by the cutter and to progress regularly the ribbon 3 to the cutter until it is taken over by the latter's conveyor belt.
• This extraction of material is carried out by means of a first set of projecting elements 5 penetrating into the mass of which at least a part are movable and which by their movement organize the fibers to form the ribbon 3 and to advance it in the driving direction 4.
• these projecting elements 5 are fixed hooks (preferably in a detachable manner) on two movable plates 6 and a fixed plate 7 arranged at the bottom of a hopper 8 adapted to contain the mass of material 2.
• Said movable plates 6 are releasably bolted onto movable bars 9 which can be driven reciprocally back and forth by hydraulic cylinders 10 adapted to be controlled in their movement by digital programmable control means.
• the movement of the two movable bars 9 is out of phase so that when a first of the movable bars 9 moves in the direction opposite to the driving direction 4, the other movable bar 9 moves in the driving direction.
• the projecting elements 5 of the at least one movable plate 6 fixed on this other movable bar 9 ensuring, together with those of the fixed plate 7, that the fibers of the ribbon 3 do not follow the projecting elements 5 of the at least one movable plate 6 fixed on the first movable bar 9 in their withdrawal movement.
• the movable plates 6 and fixed 7 are dismountably bolted, it is possible to replace them, although to repair them, well to adapt the loading device to different materials with movable plates 6 and fixed 7 different, having for example salient elements 5 of different geometry and / or size and / or different number and / or arrangement.
• Another advantage is that the movable plates 6 can be wider than the movable bars 9, allowing lateral spacing of the movable bars 9.
• the hopper 8 comprises, on the opposite side to the direction of the drive, slits 11 aligned with projecting elements 5 of the movable plates 6, to allow said projecting elements 5 to at least partially traverse said slots 11 in their reciprocating movement. In this way we can place protruding elements 5 very recessed on the movable plates 6 without impacting the rear wall of the hopper 8 in the withdrawal phase of their reciprocating movement.
• the projecting elements 5 intended to pass through said slots 11 comprise extensions 12, in the direction opposite to the driving direction 4, having a substantially horizontal upper edge 13 with a lower height, but preferably similar to that of said slots 11 to occupy at least partially said slots 11 during the entire reciprocating movement of said movable plates 6, substantially blocking the passage of said slots 11 to the material to be driven.
• the rear wall of the hopper 8 also comprises a second set of projecting elements 5 'oriented in the direction of the drive to retain the material so that it does not accompany the projecting elements 5 of the movable plates 6 when these move in the opposite direction to the driving direction 4. With this drive, the fibers of the ribbon 3 can be driven to an opening 14 extending from the base of said hopper 8 of the side of the machine to be loaded.
• a knife 15 is disposed near the opening 14 so as to cut in the material entrained towards the opening 14 to delimit the upper face and adjust the thickness of said ribbon 3, the excess material which is cut is directed into the mass of material 2.
• said knife 15 comprises a blade 17 substantially straight and parallel to the base of said hopper 8, said knife 15 being connected to a control rod 18 driven through a crankshaft 19 mounted on a rotary shaft 20 to provide reciprocating movement of the knife 15 and the blade 17 substantially perpendicular to the driving direction 4 of the material strip 3.
• a counterweight 21 is wedged on said rotary shaft 20 to ensure the balancing of the blade 17 and knife 15 in their reciprocating motion. Without said counterweight 21, said reciprocating movement could generate such high velocity vibrations that the loading device could be seriously damaged.
• said blade 17 comprises ten segments 22 removably mounted on said knife 15. If one of the segments 22 is damaged, it will not be necessary to change the entire blade 17 to repair it but only the segment 22 in question.
• the knife 15 has a substantially smooth lower surface 23, and the cutting edge 24 of the blade 17 is placed below the level of said lower surface 23, so as to present a substantially free path material strip behind said cutting edge 24.
• the knife 15 has an upper portion 15a and a lower portion 15b shaped to cooperate to retain the segments 22 of the blade 17 when the knife 15 is assembled.
• the knife 15 slides against a linear bearing preferably comprising a set of blocks, for example made of PTFE.
• a wear detector can be installed in this linear bearing to warn the user when it becomes necessary to replace these blocks.
• a fixed comb 25 can be seen removably disposed on the hopper above said blade 17 to prevent the material from following the movement of the blade. 17.
• the fixed comb 25 of the illustrated embodiment comprises a plurality of flat elements 48, oriented in the direction of driving 4, spaced transversely and having an oblique edge 49, preferably inclined in an angle equal to or close to 45 ° relative to the driving direction 4. This particular profile makes it possible to prevent the material from following the movement of the blade 17 without preventing the excess material from being directed into the mass of material 2.
• the fixed comb 25 above of the blade 17 can be complemented by a deflector below on each side of the hopper 8. This deflector is intended to prevent the material to exit laterally in the cutting system.
• the hopper 8 is pivotally mounted on a fixed frame 27 with a tilting axis 28 substantially parallel to the base of the hopper 8 and placed on the opposite side to said opening 14.
• the loading device 1 also comprises a dump-mounted bucket 29 with the same tilting axis 28 as the hopper, the tilt axis 28 allowing simplify the loading device 1.
• the junction between the hopper 8 and the bucket 29 can in this way be provided by a plate 35 to simple curvature on the hopper 8.
• the bucket 29 of this example is actuated by a single cylinder hydraulic 30.
• FIG. 7 it can be seen how the tilting angle of the ceiling 32 can be adjusted with nuts 41 fixed to threaded elements 42.
• a press plate 33 is in turn arranged in extension of the ceiling 32 of the outlet channel 31. As can be seen in FIG. 7, said pressing plate 33 is pivotally mounted on an axis 34 integral with the ceiling 32, held by yokes 47.
• FIG. 8 it can be seen how the springs 43 pull the press plate 33 downwards so as to compress the ribbon 3 at the outlet of the outlet channel 31.
• the positions of the springs 43 and stops 44 limiting the tilting of the press plate 33 are adjustable by means of pins 45 can be introduced into positioning holes 46, so as to adapt the pressing plate 33 to different materials that can be implemented in the loading device.
• the device also comprises a support lever 50 that can swing forward to support the press plate 33 in a raised position during the positioning of the pins 45 in the holes 46.
• the support lever 50 has a notch 51 adapted to receive a bar Attached to the pressing plate 33.
• said pressing plate 33 is also provided with a fourth set of projecting elements 5 '"to prevent the return of material and removable, for example by opening the yokes 47, which facilitates cleaning and adaptability of the loading device, the pressing plate 33 can be replaced by another pressing plate 33 with projecting elements 5 '' adapted to a different material.
• this embodiment of the loading device 1 is also provided at its outlet with two plate-shaped lateral elements 53 and each having a lateral compression surface 54 of the material ribbon 3 and a support part 55 of the ribbon 3 placed next to the movable plates 6.
• each support portion 55 opens towards the driving direction 4 forming two support surfaces 56, one of which is substantially perpendicular to the lateral contention surface 54 and the other is slightly oblique.
• FIG. 5 it can be seen how the hopper 8 comprises two lateral walls 37 substantially parallel to the driving direction 4, and on each of which are fixed a lateral hook 38 oriented downwards and a lateral bar 39 with a section substantially triangular, both side hook 38 as the main axis of the side bar 39 being oriented in a plane substantially perpendicular to the driving direction 4.
• the hook 38 and the bar 39 are projecting into the hopper 8 substantially perpendicular to the driving direction 4, they help to prevent the excess mass from sliding towards the rear of the hopper 8 along the side walls 37.
• the bucket 29 is first loaded with a mass of material 2 forming a bale 40.
• the retaining strips 36 of the bale 40 are cut manually.
• the bucket 29 is tilted by the hydraulic cylinder 30 to introduce the mass of material 2 into the hopper 8 at its top.
• the movable plates 6, actuated by the hydraulic cylinders 10 controlled by programmable control means perform their reciprocating movement driving with their protruding elements 5 a ribbon of material 3 to the knife 15 and the opening 14.
• the ribbon 3 is then driven through the opening 14, the outlet channel 31 and under the pressing plate 33 to get into the machine to be loaded.
• actuators of the loading device 1 of this embodiment are hydraulic, it is particularly advantageous to combine all the control elements of these actuators in a single control console removably coupled to the hydraulic supply conduits of these actuators. . This would have the advantage of allowing a greater flexibility of use of a set of such loading devices 1, and to facilitate the maintenance of each loading device 1.
• the same type of modular arrangement of the control means would also be advantageous for loading devices 1 using other types of fluid actuators, such as pneumatic actuators, or even electric actuators, for actuating the hopper 8, the bucket 29 and / or the movable bars 9.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Filling Or Emptying Of Bunkers, Hoppers, And Tanks (AREA)
• Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
• Feeding Of Articles To Conveyors (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=38596363

Family Applications (2)

Family Applications Before (1)

Country Status (8)

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Family Cites Families (18)

• 2007
  • 2007-06-21 EP EP07110736A patent/EP2006423A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2008
  • 2008-05-22 CA CA002675278A patent/CA2675278A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 2008-05-22 AT AT08759912T patent/ATE524584T1/de active
  • 2008-05-22 WO PCT/EP2008/056311 patent/WO2008155189A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2008-05-22 JP JP2010512622A patent/JP2010530342A/ja not_active Ceased
  • 2008-05-22 EP EP08759912A patent/EP2158347B1/de active Active
  • 2008-05-22 CN CN200880002442.2A patent/CN101583748B/zh active Active
  • 2008-05-22 US US12/448,164 patent/US8060989B2/en active Active
  • 2008-05-22 ES ES08759912T patent/ES2373074T3/es active Active

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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