EP2158286A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un matériau d'accumulation de chaleur latente - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'un matériau d'accumulation de chaleur latente

Info

Publication number
EP2158286A1
EP2158286A1 EP08750332A EP08750332A EP2158286A1 EP 2158286 A1 EP2158286 A1 EP 2158286A1 EP 08750332 A EP08750332 A EP 08750332A EP 08750332 A EP08750332 A EP 08750332A EP 2158286 A1 EP2158286 A1 EP 2158286A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
latent heat
heat storage
plasma
phase change
graphite
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08750332A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Oswin ÖTTINGER
Jörg FRIEDRICH
Reinhard Mach
Heinz-Eberhard Maneck
Asmus Meyer-Plath
Martin Christ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BAM BUNDESANSTALT FUER MATERIALFORSCHUNG UND -PRUE
Original Assignee
SGL Carbon SE
Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und Pruefung BAM
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SGL Carbon SE, Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und Pruefung BAM filed Critical SGL Carbon SE
Publication of EP2158286A1 publication Critical patent/EP2158286A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/06—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice versa
    • C09K5/063—Materials absorbing or liberating heat during crystallisation; Heat storage materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/20—Graphite
    • C01B32/21—After-treatment
    • C01B32/22—Intercalation
    • C01B32/225—Expansion; Exfoliation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F28D20/023—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material being enclosed in granular particles or dispersed in a porous, fibrous or cellular structure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for producing a latent heat storage latex from a graphitic starting material selected from the group consisting of natural graphite, expanded graphite and / or graphite fibers and a phase change material selected from the group consisting of sugar alcohols, water, organic acids and mixtures thereof, aqueous salt solutions , Salt hydrates, mixtures of salt hydrates, salt hydrates and paraffins, inorganic and organic salts and eutectic salt mixtures, Chlatraten and alkali metal hydroxides and mixtures of these materials and a method for producing a latent heat storage and a latent heat storage material produced by the method.
  • Phase change matehals are suitable for storing heat energy in the form of latent heat.
  • phase change materials is meant materials that undergo phase transformation upon the removal of heat, e.g. a transformation of the solid into the liquid phase (melting) or the liquid into the solid phase (solidification) or a transition between a low-temperature and high-temperature modification. If heat is added or removed to a phase change material, its temperature remains constant when the phase transition point is reached until the material has completely been converted. The heat introduced during the phase transformation, which does not cause a temperature change of the material, is called latent heat.
  • phase change materials as heat storage
  • the low thermal conductivity of these materials As a result, the loading and unloading of the heat storage is relatively slow.
  • phase change material is introduced into a matrix of a material with high thermal conductivity.
  • DE-A 196 30 073 has proposed a porous matrix of graphite with a liquid phase
  • the impregnation can be effected by means of a dipping, vacuum or vacuum printing process
  • auxiliary agent which has a high thermal conductivity
  • Example 2 of this document indicates that 2 g of the phase change matehal didodecylammonium chloride are ground together with 2 g of synthetic graphite KS6 and pressed into a shaped article.
  • the document EP 1 416 027 A discloses latent heat storage materials with addition of expanded graphite as a heat-conducting auxiliary. It was found that even at relatively low volume fractions (from 5%) of expanded graphite, a significant increase in the thermal conductivity is achieved. The addition of a shape-stabilizing material was not necessary.
  • the advantages of this latent heat storage material with an addition of expanded graphite compared to a latent heat storage material with an equal volume fraction of synthetic graphite can be attributed to the peculiarities of the nature, structure and morphology of the expanded graphite.
  • the expanded graphite crystal structure corresponds much more to the ideal graphitic layer plane structure than the structure in the more isotropic particles of most synthetic graphites.
  • the thermal conductivity of the expanded graphite is higher.
  • Further characteristics of the expanded graphite are the low bulk density and the high aspect ratio of the particles.
  • the percolation threshold ie the critical volume fraction of these particles in a composite material necessary for the formation of continuous line paths, is lower than for denser particles with a lower aspect ratio and the same chemical composition. Therefore, the conductivity is significantly increased even by relatively small proportions by volume of expanded graphite.
  • the known latent heat storage materials in particular those which are produced by infiltration of porous graphite structures with liquid polar phase change materials, have a residual pore volume which can not be filled with phase change matehal, so that the maximum possible heat storage capacity is not achieved in relation to the volume.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a latent heat storage material, which reduces the residual pore volume, especially when using polar phase change materials in the prepared latent heat storage material or, in other words, the degree of filling with phase change material in the obtained latent heat storage material at constant Increased graphite content.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide processes for the preparation of latent heat storage and the inventively obtained latent heat storage materials.
  • a graphitic starting material selected from the group consisting of natural graphite, expanded graphite and / or graphite fibers with a phase change material selected from the group consisting of sugar alcohols, water, organic acids and mixtures thereof, aqueous salt solutions, salt hydrates, mixtures of Salt hydrates, salt hydrates with paraffins, inorganic and organic salts and eutectic salt mixtures, Chlatraten and alkali metal hydroxides and mixtures of these materials is impregnated, wherein the graphitic raw material is treated prior to compaction and the impregnation with the phase change material in a plasma process.
  • the resulting expanded graphite having a bulk density of 0.5 to 15 g / l, preferably 2 to 6 g / l, is subsequently surface-modified in a process gas with the aid of a plasma.
  • the plasma serves as a source of high-energy species, such as rotatory, vibratory and / or electronically excited molecules or radicals, electronically excited atoms or ions of the surrounding gas atmosphere, as well as electrons and photons.
  • these species have sufficient enthalpy, they activate chemical bonds of the graphite, which can lead to bond breaks and the formation of reaction products with species of the process gas, which are in the form of functional surface groups.
  • the transfer of energy from an energy source to the atoms or molecules of a process gas and the graphite surface may be effected by ions, electrons, electric or electromagnetic fields including radiation.
  • the excitation of a gas to a plasma in a very large pressure range preferably from 0.1 to 500,000 Pa, more preferably in the low pressure range of 1 to 100 Pa or in the high pressure range of 50,000 to 150,000 Pa, preferably in the normal pressure range, by a DC Gas discharge or AC gas discharge, a high-energy electromagnetic radiation field, such as generates a microwave source or a laser, or, alternatively, an electron or ion source can be realized.
  • the plasma can be operated continuously or discontinuously.
  • the neutral gas component can, depending on the type of excitation of the plasma, cold, i. in the range below about 700 K, as in the case of a low temperature plasma, or hot, i. in the range above about 700 K, as in the case of a thermal plasma.
  • the expanded graphite powder which has subsequently been treated in a plasma, is pressed into moldings having densities, ie mass per volume, of 0.03 g / cm 3 to 1.0 g / cm 3 .
  • the moldings are evacuated to a pressure of 3 Pa and subsequently impregnated with a liquid phase change matehal.
  • the composite materials according to the invention of graphite and phase change materials can be produced particularly advantageously by means of preparation processes known from plastics technology for producing compounds, for example by kneading or granulation.
  • Particularly preferred is the treatment by means of an extruder, for example a twin-screw extruder.
  • the advantage of this method is that the phase change material is melted. Continuous mixing of the graphite into the liquid phase allows a greater homogeneity than in a powder mixing process.
  • the propensity to bleed, i.e., segregate, of the graphitic material and phase change material is diminished by the thermal change between the solid and liquid phases of the phase change matehal in use.
  • mixtures containing graphite flakes and expanded graphite are added to the phase change material as heat-conducting auxiliary.
  • the skilled person can adjust the bulk density of the graphite specifically to achieve the highest possible thermal conductivity with the lowest possible graphite content of the latent heat storage material and the best possible processability of the graphite mixture.
  • all phase change materials can be used which behave inert to graphite in the operating temperature range.
  • the method according to the invention for the production of latent heat stores allows the use of various types of phase change materials.
  • the phase change can consist of both a transition between liquid and solid phases as well as in a transition between different solid phases.
  • phase transition temperatures of suitable for the novel latent heat storage material phase change materials are in the range from -100 0 C to +500 0 C. At phase transition temperatures above 500 0 C, care must be taken of the graphite against oxidative attack by atmospheric oxygen to amplified protect.
  • Suitable phase change materials are, for example, sugar alcohols, gas hydrates, water, aqueous solutions of salts, salt hydrates, mixtures of salt hydrates, salt hydrates with paraffins, salts (especially chlorides and nitrates) and eutectic mixtures of salts, alkali metal hydroxides and mixtures of several of the aforementioned phase change materials, for example mixtures of Salts and alkali metal hydroxides.
  • Typical salt hydrates suitable as phase change material are calcium chloride hexahydrate and sodium acetate trihydrate. The selection of the phase change material is carried out according to the temperature range in which the latent heat storage is used.
  • auxiliaries for example nucleating agents
  • the volume fraction of the nucleating agent on the latent heat storage material should not exceed 2%, because the volume fraction of the nucleating agent is at the expense of the volume fraction of the heat-storing phase change material.
  • Nucleating agents are preferred which, even in low concentrations, significantly reduce the hypothermia of the phase change material. Suitable nucleating agents are substances which have a similar crystal structure and a similar melting point as the phase change material used, for example tetrasodium diphosphate decahydrate for the phase change material sodium acetate trihydrate.
  • the latent heat storage materials according to the invention can be used as a bed or as a shaped body.
  • moldings which contain the latent heat storage material according to the invention
  • various shaping processes known, for example, from the field of plastics technology, for example pressing, extrusion and injection molding are suitable.
  • Characteristic of these moldings is a strong anisotropy of the thermal conductivity, because the graphite flakes are oriented perpendicular to the pressing direction or parallel to Anspritz- or extrusion direction.
  • the moldings come either directly as a heat storage used or as part of a heat storage device. In a pressed plate of the heat storage material according to the invention, therefore, the thermal conductivity parallel to the plane of the plate is higher than perpendicular to the plane of the plate.
  • injection molded panels when the gate or gate points are at one or more edges of the board.
  • a molded body is to be produced whose thermal conductivity perpendicular to the plane is greater than in the plane, this can be done by the body of a block of the latent heat storage material in which the graphite flakes are aligned, is cut so that the Cut surface and thus the plane of the cut body perpendicular to the orientation of the graphite flakes in the block runs.
  • a block in which the graphite flakes are aligned may also be prepared by infiltrating a bed of graphite flake in which the flakes have been aligned by vibration with a liquid phase change material and then allowing it to solidify. From such a block also bodies can be cut so that the cutting plane is perpendicular to the orientation of the graphite flakes.
  • the anisotropy of the thermal conductivity can be exploited in the design of the latent heat storage by the shaped body of the latent heat storage material is preferably arranged so that the expansion with the higher thermal conductivity in the direction of the desired heat transfer is, that is oriented towards a heat exchanger profile or an object to be tempered.
  • a bed of latent heat storage material according to the invention can be used, which is introduced into a container interspersed with heat exchanger profiles, insulated from the environment.
  • the latent heat storage material is provided as a powdery mixture or as free-flowing granules.
  • the flake-shaped graphite particles may be substantially ground by pounding or shaking, i. to arrange horizontally.
  • the graphite flakes oriented perpendicular to the heat exchanger tubes permit effective introduction of the heat from the heat exchanger tubes into the interior of the heat storage material or effective dissipation of the heat the interior of the heat storage material to the tubes.
  • the flake-shaped particles of the anisotropic graphite used in the invention such a horizontal arrangement in the bed can be achieved more easily than with the bulky particles of graphite expandate.
  • the latent heat storage material can also be prepared directly in the container by filling it with a pad of flake-shaped graphite, orienting the graphite flakes horizontally by shaking or pounding and then infiltrating with the liquid phase change material, with infiltration assisting with pressure or vacuum can be.
  • the latent heat storage materials according to the invention can be used in latent heat storage, for example, for thermostating and air conditioning of rooms, buildings and vehicles, for example, the transport of temperature-sensitive goods, for cooling electronic components or for storing heat, especially solar energy or process heat resulting from industrial processes.
  • the beaker was installed at 270 ° C. in an evacuable oven, the oven was evacuated for 10 minutes. Subsequently, the furnace was ventilated. After 10 minutes, the moldings were removed from the liquid molten salt and weighed after the excess salt had been drained off. The dimensions of the moldings remained constant. From the increase in mass, the amount of salt taken up and with the help of the density of the salt (2.15 g / cm 3 ), the volume proportions of graphite (7 vol .-%) and salt (24 vol .-%) were determined.
  • shaped bodies of density 0.15 g / cm 3 were prepared from expanded graphite.
  • the shaped bodies were poured into a beaker with molten sodium acetate trihydrate (melting point 58 ° C.).
  • the Beaker was installed at 70 0 C in an evacuable oven, the oven was evacuated for 10 minutes. Subsequently, the furnace was ventilated. After 10 minutes, the moldings were removed from the molten salt bath and weighed after draining the excess salt hydrate. After infiltration, the volume fractions of graphite (7 vol.%) And salt hydrate (24 vol.%) Were determined.
  • graphite expandate was prepared, treated in an oxidizing oxygen plasma and compacted into shaped bodies of density 0.15 g / cm 3 . These moldings were infiltrated with sodium acetate trihydrate as described in Comparative Example 2. After infiltration, the volume fractions of graphite (7 vol.%) And salt hydrate (40 vol.%) Were determined.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un matériau d'accumulation de chaleur latente à partir d'un matériau initial graphitique choisi dans le groupe composé de graphite naturel, de graphite expansé et/ou de fibres de graphite, et d'un matériau de changement de phase choisi dans le groupe composé d'alditols, d'eau, d'acides organiques, de leurs mélanges, de solutions salines aqueuses, d'hydrates de sels, de mélanges d'hydrates de sels, d'hydrates de sels contenant des paraffines, de sels anorganiques et organiques, de mélanges salins eutectiques, de chlatrates, d'hydroxydes de métaux alcalins et de mélanges de ces substances, le matériau initial graphitique étant traité au moyen d'un plasma avant imprégnation avec le matériau de changement de phase. L'invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication d'un accumulateur de chaleur latente et un matériau d'accumulation de chaleur latente fabriqué selon ce procédé.
EP08750332A 2007-05-16 2008-05-16 Procédé de fabrication d'un matériau d'accumulation de chaleur latente Withdrawn EP2158286A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007023315A DE102007023315B3 (de) 2007-05-16 2007-05-16 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Latentwärme-Speichermaterials
PCT/EP2008/056068 WO2008138990A1 (fr) 2007-05-16 2008-05-16 Procédé de fabrication d'un matériau d'accumulation de chaleur latente

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2158286A1 true EP2158286A1 (fr) 2010-03-03

Family

ID=39619039

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08750332A Withdrawn EP2158286A1 (fr) 2007-05-16 2008-05-16 Procédé de fabrication d'un matériau d'accumulation de chaleur latente

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20100116457A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2158286A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101802126A (fr)
DE (1) DE102007023315B3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008138990A1 (fr)

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DE102010041822A1 (de) * 2010-09-30 2012-04-05 Sgl Carbon Se Thermosolares Verkleidungselement
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CN102287214A (zh) * 2011-06-29 2011-12-21 李光武 救生舱及避难硐室相变降温装置
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DE102011081149A1 (de) * 2011-08-17 2013-02-21 Sgl Carbon Se Wärmeableiter und elektrischer Energiespeicher
JP5670853B2 (ja) * 2011-09-27 2015-02-18 株式会社東芝 空調システム
DE102011054921B4 (de) * 2011-10-28 2020-02-27 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Wärmespeicherelements, Wärmespeicherelement und Wärmespeichervorrichtung
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CN103289655B (zh) * 2013-07-03 2016-03-02 西北大学 膨胀石墨复合蓄热材料及其制备方法和应用
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CN104388050A (zh) * 2014-11-01 2015-03-04 镇江新梦溪能源科技有限公司 一种复合无机储热材料及其制备方法
CN104403640A (zh) * 2014-11-01 2015-03-11 镇江新梦溪能源科技有限公司 一种复合无机水合盐储热材料及其制备方法
CN104371661A (zh) * 2014-11-01 2015-02-25 镇江新梦溪能源科技有限公司 一种复合无机相变储热材料及其制备方法
CN104986756B (zh) * 2015-06-18 2017-03-01 浙江大学 一种适用于光热沸腾的改性膨胀石墨材料的制备方法
CN105131910A (zh) * 2015-07-31 2015-12-09 江苏启能新能源材料有限公司 一种稳定的无机水合盐基相变储热材料及其制备方法
CN106440905A (zh) * 2016-11-18 2017-02-22 天津工业大学 一种相变储能装置用石墨毡相变复合体及其制作方法
CN106947434B (zh) * 2017-04-14 2020-07-14 华南理工大学 一种水合盐-改性膨胀石墨复合相变材料及其制备方法
CN107337436B (zh) * 2017-05-18 2020-03-10 全球能源互联网研究院有限公司 一种相变储热材料及其制备方法
CN107903878B (zh) * 2017-11-01 2021-07-13 神华集团有限责任公司 熔盐石墨复合材料及其制备方法
IT201800009211A1 (it) * 2018-10-05 2020-04-05 Groppalli Srl Miscela inerte e suo uso come materiale a cambiamento di fase
CN109439286A (zh) * 2018-10-09 2019-03-08 中山市陶净科技有限公司 可快速降温的组合物
US20220187026A1 (en) * 2019-04-23 2022-06-16 Tomoegawa Co., Ltd. Heat storage unit
CN110066643A (zh) * 2019-05-22 2019-07-30 华南理工大学 一种低共熔点二元无机类/膨胀石墨相变储能材料与方法
US11306238B2 (en) 2019-10-03 2022-04-19 King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals Shape-stabilized phase change materials for energy storage
US11560504B2 (en) 2020-06-03 2023-01-24 Alliance For Sustainable Energy, Llc Salt hydrate-based phase change thermal energy storage and encapsulation thereof
CN112121738B (zh) * 2020-09-28 2021-08-31 杭州应星新材料有限公司 一种功能化微胶囊制备方法及其制备的功能化微胶囊
CN112745806A (zh) * 2021-03-08 2021-05-04 沈阳大学 一种硅藻土基的相变储能材料及其制备方法
CN115200400B (zh) * 2021-04-12 2024-03-15 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 一种基于火积理论的电场强化型无极相变储能系统及其方法和应用
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102007023315B3 (de) 2008-10-16
CN101802126A (zh) 2010-08-11
WO2008138990A1 (fr) 2008-11-20
US20100116457A1 (en) 2010-05-13

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