Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
  • C11D17/0095—Solid transparent soaps or detergents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D10/00—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group
  • C11D10/04—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D10/00—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group
  • C11D10/04—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap
  • C11D10/045—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap based on non-ionic surface-active compounds and soap
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D13/00—Making of soap or soap solutions in general; Apparatus therefor
  • C11D13/14—Shaping
  • C11D13/16—Shaping in moulds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
  • C11D9/007—Soaps or soap mixtures with well defined chain length
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
  • C11D9/04—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap containing compounding ingredients other than soaps
  • C11D9/06—Inorganic compounds
  • C11D9/08—Water-soluble compounds
  • C11D9/10—Salts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
  • C11D9/04—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap containing compounding ingredients other than soaps
  • C11D9/22—Organic compounds, e.g. vitamins
  • C11D9/26—Organic compounds, e.g. vitamins containing oxygen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
  • C11D9/04—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap containing compounding ingredients other than soaps
  • C11D9/22—Organic compounds, e.g. vitamins
  • C11D9/26—Organic compounds, e.g. vitamins containing oxygen
  • C11D9/262—Organic compounds, e.g. vitamins containing oxygen containing carbohydrates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
  • C11D9/04—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap containing compounding ingredients other than soaps
  • C11D9/22—Organic compounds, e.g. vitamins
  • C11D9/26—Organic compounds, e.g. vitamins containing oxygen
  • C11D9/265—Organic compounds, e.g. vitamins containing oxygen containing glycerol
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
  • C11D9/04—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap containing compounding ingredients other than soaps
  • C11D9/22—Organic compounds, e.g. vitamins
  • C11D9/26—Organic compounds, e.g. vitamins containing oxygen
  • C11D9/267—Organic compounds, e.g. vitamins containing oxygen containing free fatty acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/74—Carboxylates or sulfonates esters of polyoxyalkylene glycols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/88—Ampholytes; Electroneutral compounds
  • C11D1/92—Sulfobetaines ; Sulfitobetaines

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a transparent bar soap and a process for producing the same.
• a transparent bar soap in which a transparency agent such as glycerin, sorbitol and sucrose is incorporated to inhibit crystallization thereof and instead form fine crystals to thereby impart a transparent appearance thereto.
• a transparent bar soap which contains a large amount of humectants such as polyhydric alcohols and saccharides,_has an excellent skin protecting effect, provides a mild use feeling, and is mainly used for face cleansing purposes.
• transparent bar soaps have been produced by a so-called framing method in which a fatty acid soap and a transparency agent is heated and dissolved in a mixed solvent containing a lower alcohol such as ethanol, and water, and the resulting solution is poured into a given frame and aged in order to let the volatile solvent gradually evaporate to solidify, which requires over several tens of days (refer to JP 57-30798A and JP 2002-80896A ).
• the transparent bar soaps obtained by the above method have an advantage that its transparency is high, but have drawbacks such as poor production efficiency. Further, the product obtained by the framing method must be cut and reshaped with stamp into a final product shape after the solidification, and has drawbacks such as the need of an additional shaping step and the generation of soap scraps.
• a milled transparent bar soap composition obtained by compounding an electrolyte and a specific nonionic surfactant in a fatty acid soap has been proposed (refer to JP 8-283795A ).
• JP 8-283795A a milled transparent bar soap composition obtained by compounding an electrolyte and a specific nonionic surfactant in a fatty acid soap.
• the obtained transparent bar soap is improved in term of occurrence of excess melting before and after use, and has an excellent transparency.
• the nonionic surfactant in the soap Therefore, the obtained soap is not fully satisfactory with respect to transparency.
• the milling method generally has a problem that an additional shaping step is necessary and soap scraps are generated, because it is necessary to extrude the soap composition in the form of a bar and to further stamp the obtained bar into a final product shape.
• a framed bar cleanser containing a saturated branched fatty acid salt and/or an unsaturated fatty acid salt and an alkyleneoxide derivative (refer to JP 2004-143114A ).
• the obtained skin cleanser can exhibit a good foamability, a good rinsing property, a good feeling upon use, and sufficient hardness and stability as a bar soap.
• the hardness of the framed bar cleanser is insufficient as compared with ordinary fatty acid soaps.
• a long process time is necessary and, therefore, the problem of low production efficiency remains unsolved.
• such invention involves a problem of smell attributed to the branched fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acid.
• the present invention relates to a transparent bar soap which has a high transparency, a good foamability especially in hard water and a suitable hardness necessary for bar soaps and which is free from problems concerning deterioration of its smell over time; the present invention also relates to a production process which is capable of producing such a transparent bar soap having a desired shape with a high production efficiency.
• a transparent bar soap which includes saturated straight-chain fatty salts having 12 to 18 carbon atoms but is substantially free from a branched fatty acid salt and an unsaturated fatty acid salt, wherein a compounding proportion of the fatty acids as well as a compounding proportion of an agent having a transparency-imparting effect are controlled to respective specific ranges, and a specific amount of an inorganic salt is incorporated thereinto.
• the present invention relates to a transparent bar soap which includes (A) saturated straight-chain fatty acids having 12 to 18 carbon atoms and/or salts thereof but is substantially free from a branched fatty acid salt and an unsaturated fatty acid salt, the transparent bar soap further including (B) one or more substances selected from the group consisting of nonionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, polyhydric alcohols which are kept in a liquid state at a room temperature, and saccharides, (C) an inorganic salt, and (D) water, wherein the fatty acids constituting the component (A) are present in an amount of from 20 to 40% by weight on the basis of the entire amount of the bar soap, the components (A) and (B) are present in such an amount that a weight ratio of the fatty acids constituting the component (A) to the component (B) is from 30:70 to 45:55, the component (C) is present in an amount of from 0.5 to 5% by weight on the basis of the entire amount of the bar soap, and
• the present invention also relates to a process for producing a transparent bar soap from a soap composition which includes (A) saturated straight-chain fatty acids having 12 to 18 carbon atoms and/or salts thereof, (B) one or more substances selected from the group consisting of nonionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, polyhydric alcohols which are kept in a liquid state at a room temperature, and saccharides, (C) an inorganic salt, and (D) water, wherein the fatty acids constituting the component (A) are present in an amount of from 20 to 40% by weight on the basis of the entire amount of the soap composition, wherein C 12 , C 14 , C 16 and C 18 fatty acids constituting the component (A) are present in such an amount that a weight ratio of the C 12 fatty acid to a sum of the C 16 fatty acid and the C 18 fatty acid is in the range of from 30:70 to 60:40, a weight ratio of the C 12 fatty acid to the C 14 fatty acid is in the range of from 20
• the transparent bar soap of the present invention has a high transparency, a good foamability especially in hard water and a suitable hardness necessary for bar soaps and is free from problems concerning deterioration of its smell over time.
• the transparent bar soap may be easily produced only by pouring a molten soap composition into a mold cavity having a desired shape and then cooling the poured composition. Thus, molded bar soap products having a desired shape may be produced with a high productivity.
• the transparent bar soap of the present invention contains, as a main ingredient thereof, (A) saturated straight-chain fatty acids having 12 to 18 carbon atoms and/or salts thereof and is substantially free from a branched fatty acid salt and an unsaturated fatty acid salt.
• the transparent bar soap of the present invention may be produced by a casting method. Namely, bar soaps having a desired shape may be efficiently produced by pouring a molten soap composition into a mold cavity having a shape conforming to that of the final product, followed by cooling and solidification of the poured composition.
• a branched fatty acid salt and an unsaturated fatty acid salt have been conventionally used in bar soap compositions owing to their effect of improving the transparency thereof.
• these salts tend to reduce the hardness of the soap.
• the transparent bar soap of the present invention is substantially free from the branched fatty acid salt and the unsaturated fatty acid salt and, therefore, exhibits a good hardness.
• the soap has an excellent stable smell and fragrance because neither branched fatty acid salt nor unsaturated fatty acid salt is contained in the soap.
• substantially free from a branched fatty acid salt and an unsaturated fatty acid salt as used herein means that the content of these salts in the transparent bar soap composition of the present invention is 2% by weight or less.
• the fatty acid constituting the component (A) has the following compositional requirements:
• the weight ratio of the C 12 fatty acid (lauric acid) to a sum of the C 16 fatty acid (palmitic acid) and the C 18 fatty acid (stearic acid) is preferably in the range of from 30:70 to 50:50.
• the weight ratio of the C 12 fatty acid to the C 14 fatty acid is preferably in the range of from 30:70 to 80:20 and more preferably from 50:50 to 75:25.
• the total amount of the C 12 fatty acid and the C 14 fatty acid is preferably from 16 to 22% by weight.
• the content of the fatty acids constituting the component (A) is preferably in the range of from 20 to 40% by weight and more preferably from 25 to 35% by weight on the basis of the entire amount of the bar soap.
• the above saturated straight-chain fatty acids may be present in the form of salts neutralized with a base usually employed.
• the neutralized salts include alkali metal salts, amine salts, alkanolamine salts and basic amino acid salts.
• alkali metal salts such as sodium salts and potassium salts, and more preferred are sodium salts.
• the neutralizing agent used above may be added in such an amount that substantially 100% of the fatty acids are neutralized.
• the component (B) of the transparent bar soap of the present invention includes one or more substances selected from the group consisting of nonionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, polyhydric alcohols which are kept in a liquid state at a room temperature, and saccharides. These substances have a function to suppress crystallization of a fatty acid soap during the cooling and solidification upon production of the bar soap and to contribute to the transparency thereof.
• nonionic surfactant examples include compounds having, as a hydrophilic group, a polyoxyethylene group having an average number of moles of ethyleneoxides added of from 6 to 150 and preferably from 10 to 50.
• preferred are compounds which contain an alkyl group having 10 to 18 carbon atoms and preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms as a hydrophobic group and which have an HLB (Hydrophile Lipophile Balance) value of 8 or more and preferably 10 or more.
• nonionic surfactants examples include polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan lauric acid ester (“RHEODOL SUPER TW-L120” (trade name) available from Kao Corporation) having an HLB value of 14, polyoxyethylene (20) octyldodecyl ether (“EMULGEN 2020G” (trade name) available from Kao Corporation; or "EMULEX OD-20” (trade name) available from Nippon Emulsion Co., Ltd.) having an HLB value of 13, polyethylene glycol monolaurate (“EMANON 1112" (trade name) available from Kao Corporation) having an HLB value of 13.7, polyoxyethylene (23) lauryl ether (“EMULGEN 123P” (trade name) available from Kao Corporation) having an HLB value of 16.9, and polyoxyethylene (30) lauryl ether (“EMULEX 730" (trade name) available from Nippon Emulsion Co., Ltd.) having an HLB value of 18.
• the above HLB values are those given in the catalogues of the
• amphoteric surfactants examples include betaine surfactants, amino acid surfactants, imidazoline surfactants and amine oxide surfactants.
• betaine surfactants are preferred from the viewpoint of improving foamability and transparency of the resulting soap.
• the content of the nonionic surfactant in the transparent bar soap is preferably from 3 to 15% by weight.
• the content of the nonionic surfactant lies within the above-specified range, both good transparency and suitable hardness necessary for bar soaps can be attained.
• the content of the nonionic surfactant is more preferably from 5 to 10% by weight.
• the content of the amphoteric surfactant in the transparent bar soap is preferably from 0 to 10% by weight and more preferably from 0 to 5% by weight from the same viewpoints as described above for the nonionic surfactant.
• the total content of these surfactants in the transparent bar soap be in the range of from 5 to 20% by weight.
• the total content of these surfactants lies within the above-specified range, the effect of the surfactants can be sufficiently exhibited, and suitable hardness necessary for bar soaps can be attained.
• the total amount of these surfactants in the transparent bar soap is more preferably in the range of from 5 to 15% by weight.
• the polyhydric alcohols which are kept in a liquid state at a room temperature include polyhydric alcohols and glycol ethers, and particularly preferred are glycols (inclusive of glycols and glycol ethers).
• glycols include those glycols having an IOB value of 3 or less, such as isoprene glycol (IOB: 2.00), dipropylene glycol (IOB: 1.83), ethoxy diglycol (diethylene glycol monoethyl ether; IOB: 1.63) and 1,3-butylene glycol (IOB: 2.50).
• IOB isoprene glycol
• dipropylene glycol IOB: 1.83
• ethoxy diglycol diethylene glycol monoethyl ether
• IOB 1,3-butylene glycol
• the use of these glycols is preferable from the viewpoint of improved transparency and foamability of the obtained bar soap.
• IOB Inorganic Organic Balance
• IOB Inorganic value / Organic value
• the content of the polyhydric alcohol which is kept in a liquid state at a room temperature in the transparent bar soap is preferably from 5 to 50% by weight.
• the obtained bar soap is advantageously improved in foamability and transparency and further enhanced in productivity owing to suppressed crystallization of saccharides and reduced viscosity of the soap composition during the production thereof.
• the resulting bar soap can also advantageously maintain a suitable hardness and exhibit an improved foamability.
• the content of the polyhydric alcohol which is kept in a liquid state at a room temperature is more preferably from 10 to 40% by weight.
• the above polyhydric alcohol may be used in combination with a polyhydric alcohol having an IOB value of more than 3 such as propylene glycol (IOB: 3.33) and glycerin (IOB: 5.00) unless the transparency and foamability of the resulting bar soap are adversely affected.
• a polyhydric alcohol having an IOB value of more than 3 such as propylene glycol (IOB: 3.33) and glycerin (IOB: 5.00) unless the transparency and foamability of the resulting bar soap are adversely affected.
• the saccharides there may be suitably used those which are kept in a solid state at a room temperature.
• the preferred saccharides include sugar alcohols of a monosaccharide having 4 to 6 carbon atoms or a disaccharide, such as mannitol, xylitol, maltitol, erythritol and sorbitol.
• the saccharides have a high crystallization-preventing effect in the soap, and can contribute to the transparency of the bar soap to a large extent.
• the saccharides are preferably used for reasons of their effect of improving the foamability.
• the use of the saccharides gives an additional merit that coloration by a caramel reaction is unlikely to occur during a neutralizing step of the bar soap production process.
• the content of the saccharide in the transparent bar soap is preferably from 10 to 30% by weight.
• the content of the saccharide lies within the above-specified range, the effect of addition thereof is sufficiently exhibited, and further crystallization of an inside of the bar soap is unlikely to occur during the storage so that the transparency thereof can be retained.
• the content of the saccharide in the bar soap is more preferably from 10 to 20% by weight.
• the compounds used as the component (B) of the transparent bar soap of the present invention have a function to impart transparency to the bar soap and also have various different properties. Therefore, by suitably selectively combining different compounds, it is possible to control not only the transparency but also the foamability, hardness, feeling upon use, etc., in view of the characteristics of the selected compounds and to obtain the optimum formulations meeting the properties as necessary
• the component (B) is preferably a combination of the polyhydric alcohol which is kept in a liquid state at an room temperature with the surfactant or a combination of the polyhydric alcohol which is kept in a liquid state at a room temperature with the saccharide. Further preferred is a combination of the polyhydric alcohol which is kept in a liquid state at a room temperature with the surfactant and the saccharide.
• the weight ratio of the component (A) (in terms of fatty acids) to the component (B) is in the range of from 30:70 to 45:55.
• the weight ratio of the component (A) (in terms of fatty acids) to the component (B) is in the range of from 40:60 to 45:55.
• the content of the component (B) in the transparent bar soap of the present invention is preferably in the range of from 20 to 50% by weight and more preferably from 30 to 45% by weight.
• a suitable balance between the component (A), the component (C) which will be described in detail hereinafter, a neutralizing agent and water necessary for dissolving the respective ingredients can be attained, so that the aimed object of the present invention may be effectively achieved.
• the transparent bar soap of the present invention contains an inorganic salt as the component (C) in an amount of from 0.5 to 5% by weight.
• the resulting bar soap has enhanced stability in hard water. More specifically, the bar soap shows a sufficient foaming capability even in hard water having, for example, a hardness of 4, and further has a satisfactory transparency.
• the content of the inorganic salt is preferably from 1 to 3% by weight.
• Any suitable inorganic salt may be used without particular limitation. Examples of the inorganic salt include sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate and sodium nitrate. Among these inorganic salts, sodium chloride is preferred because of a satisfactory hardness of the resulting soap, a good availability and easiness in handling.
• the transparent bar soap of the present invention may also contain a non-soap anionic surfactant for the purpose of improving the foamability at a low temperature and the dispersibility of soap scum.
• a non-soap anionic surfactant include salts of alkanoyl isethionate, salts of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate, salts of N-acylmethyltaurine, salts of N-acylsaxcosinate, salts of N-acylated amino acid, salts of (di)alkyl sulfosuccinate and salts of monoalkyl phosphate.
• the transparent bar soap of the present invention may also contain an organic acid other than fatty acids for the purpose of stabilizing the fragrance thereof.
• examples of the organic acid include lactic acid and gluconic acid.
• the content of the organic acid in the transparent bar soap is preferably from 0.01 to 3% by weight and more preferably from 0.1 to 1% by weight.
• the transparent bar soap of the present invention additionally contains water as the component (D) which serves as a medium for forming a homogeneous melt of the above-described essential components and other components optionally used if necessary.
• the content of water as the component (D) is from about 10 to about 40% by weight.
• the soap composition of the present invention solidifies rapidly, the water is contained in the transparent bar soap immediately after production in the almost same amount as that before the solidification.
• the transparent bar soap of the present invention may also contain other components conventionally employed in framed soaps, such as an antimicrobial agent, a perfume, a pigment, a dye, an oil and an irritation reducing agent.
• an antimicrobial agent include trichlosan and trichlorocarbanilide.
• the content of the antimicrobial agent in the bar soap is usually from 0.01 to 2% by weight.
• the contents of the perfume, pigment and dye in the bar soap are each usually from 0.02 to 5% by weight.
• the oil include lanolin, paraffin, vaseline and isopropyl myristate.
• the content of the oil in the bar soap is usually from 0.05 to 5% by weight.
• the transparent bar soap of the present invention may be produced by pouring a melt of a soap composition containing the above components (A), (B), (C) and (D) into a mold cavity having a shape conforming to that of the final product, followed by cooling and solidifying the poured melt to obtain a molded transparent bar soap having the desired product shape.
• a fatty acid salt dissolved in water tends to crystallize by salting out in the presence of an inorganic salt.
• crystallization of the fatty acids does not proceed because of their metastable state.
• C 12 to C 18 saturated straight-chain fatty acids (B) one or more substances selected from the group consisting of nonionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, polyhydric alcohols which are kept in a liquid state at a room temperature, and saccharides, (C) an inorganic salt, and (D) water are mixed in predetermined proportions, followed by heating and melting the resulting mixture. Then, a base diluted with a part of the water is added to the obtained melt to neutralize the fatty acids, followed by confirming that a homogeneous transparent composition is obtained.
• C 12 to C 18 saturated straight-chain fatty acids (B) one or more substances selected from the group consisting of nonionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants and polyhydric alcohols which are kept in a liquid state at a room temperature, and (D) water are mixed in predetermined proportions, followed by heating and melting the resulting mixture. Then, a base diluted with a part of the water is added to the obtained melt to neutralize the fatty acids. After confirming that a homogeneous transparent composition is obtained, (C) an inorganic salt and (B) a saccharide which are dissolved in a part of the water are added thereto and homogeneously dissolved therein. Upon the preparation of the soap composition in a molten state, the predetermined components are mixed while heating at a temperature of usually from about 60 to about 90°C.
• the thus prepared soap composition may be molded in a frame as used for the production of conventional framed soap.
• the soap composition of the present invention is characterized in that a bar soap may be obtained within a very short period of time by simply cooling and solidifying the soap composition.
• a melt of the soap composition can be molded only by directly pouring the melt into a mold cavity having a shape conforming to that of the final product and then cooling and solidifying the poured melt. Therefore, a transparent bar soap having the desired shape can be obtained within a short period of time.
• the cooling and solidifying time may be suitably determined according to the composition and formulating amount of the fatty acids, the formulating amount of the transparency agent, etc.
• the cooling and solidifying time may also vary depending upon the material and temperature of the mold, the size of the mold cavity, the amount of the soap composition to be charged, outside air temperature, presence or absence of cooling water, etc., but is usually from about 10 to about 60 min.
• the fatty acids, the polyhydric alcohol which was kept in a liquid state at a room temperature and the surfactant as shown in Table 1 were mixed and molten at 80°C.
• the resulting melt was neutralized by gradually dropping 48% aqueous solution diluted with 5% by weight of water into the melt. After the neutralized solution became transparent and homogeneous, a solution separately prepared by mixing sodium chloride, a saccharide and purified water which was heated to 80°C, was added to the neutralized solution. The obtained solution was further mixed for 15 min. at 80°C to obtain a soap composition in a molten state.
• the transparency is regarded as being good so that letters having a size of 5 points or less can be seen through the bar soap.
• a commercially available framed transparent soap had an L* value of 33 and another commercially available bar soap (for example, "WHITE" available from Kao Corporation; white opaque) had an L* value of 70.
• Hard water with a hardness of 4 degrees was prepared using MgCl 2 .
• a 1% aqueous solution of the above soap composition was prepared.
• Five grams of the obtained aqueous solution was placed in a 200 mL measuring cylinder and shaken 50 times at 30°C. Then, the height (mm) of foam thus formed was measured.
• the amount of the foam formed in the above test had the following correlation with the sensory evaluation by panelists. A height of 20 mm or more is regarded as being good in foamability.
• the melt of the soap composition was poured into a mold cavity and then cooled and solidified.
• the obtained bar soap was taken out of the mold cavity. It took about 60 min. to cool and solidify the soap composition.
• the 15 mm-thick bar soap obtained after the solidification was then measured for its hardness at a central region thereof using a hardness tester ("ASKER Rubber Hardness Tester Type C" available from Kobunshi Keiki Co., Ltd.; JIS K7312).
• ASKER Rubber Hardness Tester Type C available from Kobunshi Keiki Co., Ltd.; JIS K7312
• an ordinary commercially available bar soap for example, "WHITE” available from Kao Corporation
• another commercially available relatively soft soap for example, "PURE WHIP SOAP” available from Kao Corporation
• a bar soap having a hardness of from about 70 to about 95 may be regarded as having a suitable hardness.
• the bar soap after cooling and solidification was taken out of the mold cavity and was placed in an aluminum pillow. After being hermetically sealed in the pillow, the bar soaps were respectively allowed to stand in thermostatic ovens maintained at 5°C and 50°C for one month. Thereafter, a change in smell between the bar soaps taken out of the respective thermostatic ovens was evaluated by expert panelists for smell according to the following ratings:
• a transparent bar soap which has a high transparency, a good foamability especially in hard water and a suitable hardness necessary for bar soaps, and which is free from problems concerning deterioration of its smell over time.
• the transparent bar soap can be easily produced for a short period of time by a casting method, etc., i.e., only by pouring a molten soap composition into a mold cavity having a desired shape and then cooling the poured composition.
• molded bar soap products having a desired shape can be produced with a high productivity.

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