EP2147158B1 - Use of a coating material for direct connection to a concrete structure - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the use of a covering material for direct, positive connection to a concrete component, comprising a layer of at least one polymer having a first surface for engagement and connection to the concrete component, this surface having a surface structuring.

Concrete components are provided with polymer layers for a variety of reasons. In particular, these polymer layers should on the one hand protect the concrete component itself from environmental influences in order to obtain a longer service life of this concrete component. On the other hand, it is often necessary to prevent a direct contact of the environment with the concrete component, ie to protect the environment itself.

On the one hand, coatings of polymer dispersions are used for these purposes. However, these have the disadvantage that they are only on site, so when installing the concrete component, mounted so that the degree of prefabrication of the concrete component is reduced.

There are also known composite systems in which a concrete component is connected to an elastomer layer. For example, it is known from the track construction to provide concrete sleepers with a so-called soles. At high load of the track system, it comes namely because of the high compressive stresses in the ballast to the destruction of the ballast and deterioration of the track position. The reason for this is that the gravel grains touch the concrete sleepers when installed only at certain points, so that it comes at these contact surfaces when crossing rail vehicles to large local loads. The use of threshold solders, which must have sufficient elastic properties, can reduce the compressive stress of the ballast, especially in the contact area between the threshold and the ballast, since the contact area is increased insofar as it allows the ballast grains to penetrate into this threshold annealing. analogous as is the case with wooden sleepers, which in themselves are already sufficiently "elastic" to allow the crushing of the ballast grains. In addition, act These threshold solders but also as sound insulation elements, since they reduce the direct transmission of sound waves from the concrete sleeper in the ballast bedding.

In all cases in which a concrete component is therefore provided with an elastomer mat, it is important that this elastomer mat has sufficiently good adhesion to the concrete component in order to prevent delamination. One way to achieve this is, for example, to glue the elastomer mat with the concrete component. However, it may happen that at higher temperatures, this adhesive layer softens and thus the adhesion of the elastomer mat is reduced to the concrete component.

Furthermore, it is known from the prior art to connect such elastomeric mats via mechanical fasteners with the concrete component.

For example, this describes the DE 202 15 101 U a railway sleeper with a concrete body and at least one elastic plastic layer arranged on the underside of the concrete body. Between the concrete body and this plastic layer is a random fiber layer, in particular a nonwoven layer, preferably a geotextile layer, arranged, which adheres to the concrete of the concrete body and is connected flat with the at least one elastic plastic layer. Thus, the fibers of this intermediate layer are used in order to achieve a mechanical anchorage via these fibers in the concrete component, whereby a microforming connection is formed. A disadvantage, however, is that a further layer is required for the arrangement of the elastomer layer.

Concrete sleepers are known from the company publication "Soldered sleepers in ballasted track" of the "Getzner materials", which are manufactured as half-parts with mounting grid. The mounting grid, which is integrated in the sill sole, is used to attach the sole to the sill. It is shaken in the production of sleepers in the fresh concrete. However, it is again an increased effort in the production of the soles themselves required.

The DE 10 2004 011 610 A describes a method for producing a composite system between concrete and a high polymer elastic material. In this case, by injection molding or by pressing the high polymer elastic material with a separately prepared geometric surface modification provided as a prototype, which is formed as nubby and / or rib-shaped elevations. After the prototype has cooled, the knob-shaped and / or rib-shaped elevations are formed into mushroom-shaped and / or T-shaped and / or bent elevations with a slight pressure by means of a hot forming tool. This gives the elevations in the upper area a larger diameter. It is therefore also in turn a multi-step manufacturing process ally.

From the US 2006/0097064 A1 is an elastomeric pad material for placement below a railway sleeper known. This covering material has, on the one hand, continuous channels and, on the other hand, bar-like elevations, which are approximately T-shaped in cross-section. This document discloses the use of a covering material having the features of the preamble of claim 1.

The DE 200 14 999 U1 describes a concrete sleepers for track construction in which a concrete body and an existing of a high polymer material elastic plate material are adjacent to each other and connected to each other. The plate material is positively connected by means of a geometric surface modification with the concrete body. The geometric surface modification is formed by projecting nubs.

The EP 0 049 879 A1 describes a rubber boot, wherein in the threshold facing surface of this threshold shoe recesses are formed. These recesses may be channel-like or there is the possibility that the recesses are formed next to elevations, which are formed knob-shaped or with a square cross-section.

From the DE 27 01 597 A1 is a made of rubber or rubber-like elastic plastics flexible backing plate for railway superstructure or structural engineering known, especially for track bedding. This has on its underside parallel to each other with mutual distances over their entire width continuous hollow ribs, each with a molded into the interior, from the plate underside facing interior ceiling outgoing and towards the interior floor in the tension-free state without contact with this freely extending over essentially the entire length of the hollow ribs passing web.

The EP 0 105 950 A1 describes a mat of elastic material for use under a ballast bed, this mat having at the top a sheet whose hardness and elasticity are such that the ballast can not penetrate into the mat. Nubs, protrusions or the like may be provided on the underside of the mat.

The DE 35 24 719 A1 describes a protective layer for an elastic track bed mat, which is arranged under a ballast bed and consists of a single or multilayer web of elastomeric materials, wherein the web has cavities and / or nubs. On the ballast bed side facing the trackbed mat a protective layer is arranged, which consists of a nonwoven fabric, a fabric made of an elastomer or a rubber-like plastic whose extensibility and crushing resistance are chosen so that penetration of the ballast does not destroy the mat leads.

The EP 0 833 008 A1 describes a foot plate for a railway sleepers made of concrete. On this one hand, a support plate is arranged, the top, which is enclosed in the concrete, provided with means of anchoring in the railway sleeper and with discharge means for air, which is trapped in the railway sleeper during the casting of the concrete, and on the other hand, a coating made of elastomer, which is connected to at least the underside of the plate.

The object of the invention is to provide a way with which a covering material with a concrete component can be easily connected.

The object of the invention is achieved by the use mentioned above, in which the surface structuring is formed by at least approximately channel-like recesses or at least approximately channel-like elevations, wherein the at least approximately channel-like recesses or elevations in the manner of an at least approximately parallel to the surface extending tube profile Manufacture of the positive connection are formed. The advantage here is that the concrete in this, optionally continuous, ie not interrupted, channel-like recesses or surveys can flow over a large area and thus a large surface for the preparation of the compound is provided. It is further advantageous that this covering material can be produced continuously, so that no further transformation steps or processing steps are required before the connection with the concrete component, whereby corresponding cost advantages can be realized are. In addition, the connection is essentially made by mechanical precautions on the covering material, so that with regard to the concrete component does not have to be taken into account for special material tolerances.
By forming the at least approximately channel-like recesses or elevations in the manner of an at least approximately parallel to the surface extending tube profile on the one hand by avoiding sharp transitions, the inflow of concrete material can be facilitated and the degree of filling of the channels can be increased, on the other hand is in the embodiment "survey" so achieved a kind of looping or a positive connection, so that therefore the flowed concrete material in the region of these channel sections over a large area surrounded by the polymer of the covering material. It is thus achieved a further improvement of the connection system, ie the pull-out strength of the covering material.

In this case, the channel-like recesses can extend into the end face (s) of the covering material or it is possible for these recesses to be closed in the area of the end face (s), e.g. rolled together.

It is also possible that the at least approximately channel-like recesses or elevations are interrupted in the direction of their longitudinal extension to form channel sections. It is thus also improves the connection formation to the concrete component, especially if in the case of channel-like recesses, the end faces also have an undercut, so for example in the form of "elongated pores" are formed or in the case of the channel-like surveys is thus additionally achieved that the concrete material easier to flow into these channels.

To improve the Einfließeffektes for the concrete material may be provided that the channel sections have a length which is selected from a range with a lower limit of 30% and an upper limit of 70% of the total length of these channel sections forming channel-like recesses or protrusions. It can also be achieved that in the case of possibly occurring defective connections, these are limited to a narrower range.

To improve these effects, these channel sections may have a length selected from a range with a lower limit of 35% and an upper limit of 65% of the total length of the channel-like recesses forming these channel sections, in particular a length selected from a range with a lower limit of 40% and an upper limit of 60% of the total length.

In particular, these channel pieces in connection with these effects may have a length which is selected from a range with a lower limit of 1 mm and an upper limit of 100 mm. It is also possible that these channel sections have a length which is selected from a range with a lower limit of 10 mm and an upper limit of 80 mm, in particular selected from a range with a lower limit of 20 mm and an upper limit of 50 mm.

It is advantageous if the tube profiles are formed projecting over the surface, which in turn a better inflow of the concrete material is achieved.

The at least approximately channel-like recesses in the manner of a tube profile may have a height above the surface of the layer which is selected from a range with a lower limit of 2 mm and an upper limit of 20 mm. Below 2 mm, the channels in the case of the surveys on too small a diameter, whereby the inflow of concrete material is in turn difficult. Above 20 mm, it can happen, in particular in the case of elastomeric embodiments of the covering material, that the cross section of these channels is changed during the inflow of the concrete material and possibly the loop-like surface structuring is compressed so far that the effect of the inflow of the concrete material entirely is prevented.

At least some of the at least approximately channel-like recesses or elevations may have a different height from the further at least approximately channel-like recesses or elevations of the covering material, thereby facilitating the venting during the introduction of the concrete material onto this covering material.

According to one embodiment, it may be provided that a second, the serious surfaces opposite surface of the layer is also formed with a surface structuring, so on this further surface another concrete component can be connected to this covering material, and thus the covering material as a buffer between these two concrete components can work.

It is advantageous if this lining material has a density gradient with increasing density in the layer interior of the covering material.

In order to improve the connection properties of the covering material, the at least approximately channel-like recesses or elevations may also be arranged distributed in a zigzag-shaped and / or arcuate or wave-shaped manner over a first and / or second surface in addition to a linear design at right angles to an outer side edge , It may, for example - in conjunction with the channel sections - between the surveys and the channel sections a kind of checkerboard pattern are formed by the channel sections at least approximately at right angles to the surveys. On the other hand, it is also possible that the channel sections have a relative to the surveys history, which is different from 90 °, eg selected from a range with a lower limit of 10 ° and an upper limit of 85 °, in particular from a range with a lower limit of 20 ° and an upper limit of 75 °, for example selected from a Range with a lower limit of 30 ° and an upper limit of 65 °. It can thus be varied according to the distribution of forces in the connection area covering material / concrete component.

The elevations and / or recesses may have straight, these limiting sidewalls. On the other hand, it is also possible that at least individual, preferably all, of these side walls are cambered.

Depending on the need of the adhesive strength of the covering material on the concrete component or to adapt to different strength classes of the concrete or stiffness of the concrete during concreting, the at least approximately channel-like recesses or projections may have a round, oval, mushroom-like, T-shaped, triangular, have quadrangular or polygonal cross-section.

It should be mentioned in this connection that both with regard to the arrangement of these recesses or elevations of the same, a plurality of different variants, e.g. Recesses and / or elevations with a round and / or oval and / or mushroom-shaped and / or T-shaped and / or triangular and / or square and / or polygonal cross-section can be realized on a covering material.

The covering material may be formed of an elastomer or a thermoplastic. It is thus a corresponding adaptability for a variety of uses of the covering material possible.

In particular, the elastomer may be selected from a group comprising natural rubber (NR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), butadiene rubber (BR), nitrile rubber (NBR), chloroprene rubber. Rubber (CR), chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM) and polyurethane (PUR) as well as blends or mixtures thereof. These elastomers are particularly suitable for the continuous production of the covering material and also have corresponding vibration or damping behavior on. In addition, it can be hard strokes on the concrete component of that side on which the covering material is arranged, are avoided, whereby the concrete component is better protected against destruction.

In particular, mixtures or blends of natural rubber and / or styrene-butadiene rubber and / or ethylene-propylene-diene rubber and / or butadiene rubber and / or nitrile rubber and / or chloroprene rubber and / or chlorosulfonated polyethylene and / or polyurethane with natural rubber and / or styrene-butadiene rubber and / or ethylene-propylene-diene rubber and / or butadiene rubber, and / or the nitrile rubber and / or chloroprene rubber and / or chlorosulfonated polyethylene and / or polyurethane used become.

The covering material, i. its main body can also be formed from a thermoplastic material, for example polyethylene (PE), ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (PE-UHMW), polypropylene (PP), an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), a polyamide (PA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) , Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a polyurethane (PUR), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). Again, mixing of the thermoplastic materials is possible, e.g. Polyethylene and / or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and / or polypropylene and / or ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers and / or polyamide and / or polyvinyl chloride and / or polyethylene terephthalate and / or polyurethane and / or polytetrafluoroethylene and / or a thermoplastic elastomer with polyethylene and / or ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene and / or polypropylene and / or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers and / or polyamide and / or polyvinyl chloride and / or polyethylene terephthalate and / or polyurethane and / or polytetrafluoroethylene and / or a thermoplastic elastomer.

The main body can be a solid material or foamed, for example an EPDM foam. It is further possible that the base body is provided with a reinforcement or reinforcement, for example of a metallic material, such as steel, brass, or the like, and / or a fiber material, in particular in the form of short fibers having a fiber length, the for example, is selected from a range with a lower limit of 5 mm and an upper limit of 50 mm. The fibers, eg staple fibers, may be selected from a group comprising textile, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile and polyester fibers, mixtures of these types of fibers being possible. The fibers can furthermore be distributed at least approximately homogeneously in the base body or it is possible to carry out the distribution in the form of a gradient.

The reinforcement may further be flat, rod-shaped or grid-shaped.

The covering material may have at least one chamber forming a cavity, as a result of which the vibration and / or sound damping behavior of the covering material can be influenced in a controlled manner. In addition, the compressibility of this covering material can be influenced with it. The chamber may be open or closed.

For the sound damping behavior, it is advantageous if the chamber is at least partially filled with at least one filler material, for example, forming a so-called "spring-mass system".

The cavity may be open at the end face (s). Likewise, it is possible within the scope of the invention to close at least one of the end-side openings or to form them in a closed manner, e.g. by gluing or rolling together the side walls of the chambers in this area.

The fillers may be selected from a group comprising granules, knits, powders, pastes and / or mixtures thereof.

The layer of paving material may have a layer thickness selected from a range having a lower limit of 2 mm and an upper limit of 50 mm. In particular, this layer thickness may be selected from a range with a lower limit of 5 mm and an upper limit of 40 mm, preferably a range with a lower limit of 3 mm and an upper limit of 20 mm. It can thus be achieved a corresponding damping behavior, in particular sound damping behavior of this layer.

The layer itself may be formed in one piece, with corresponding advantages in terms of the production of the covering material or it is possible that this body with at least a further layer, such as a cover layer, is connected, which has compared to the layer of different properties, so in turn, for example, the formation of a "spring-mass system" can be achieved for sound attenuation purposes. It can thus be the lining material a better resistance to abrasion or can be awarded the threshold solvency with this layer sliding properties.

The outwardly facing surface of the layer may be made smooth or closed, and it is also possible that this surface also has a surface structuring, e.g. in the form of elevations or recesses or pores.

Likewise, it is possible for the surface facing the base body of the covering material to be smooth or formed with one or the surface structurings.

It is particularly advantageous if the further layer is softer in comparison to the first layer, so that the connection with the concrete component takes place via the hard layer of the covering material and this connection is more durable in comparison to soft elastic layers, in particular since the surface structuring by the inflowing concrete is not compressed, and can be influenced via the soft layer, the sound damping behavior accordingly.

For this purpose, it is possible that this further layer is formed by a further polymer, in particular a further elastomer, preferably selected from the abovementioned elastomers (NR, SBR, EPDM, BR, CR, CSM, PUR), or can these also by be formed a fiber material. Due to its softness or the configuration as a soft polymer, a larger contact area between the ballast bed and the threshold is therefore also possible in the case of the variant embodiment of sleeper reinforcement, which in turn enables the individual ballast grains to be better protected against destruction.

The fiber material may in this case be formed by a knit in the form of a fleece or felt or by a fabric or a cord. It can thus be achieved a good connection and adhesion of this further layer to the / the first (n) layer, ie the base body of the covering material, for example, in turn by mechanically anchoring the fibers of the further layer in the first layer, for example by the first layer the further layer is extruded, so that therefore these fibers can penetrate into the still soft material of the first layer or, in the flowable state of the material for the first layer, they can run into tissue interspaces.

For the resistance to environmental influences or for the mechanical strength of this composite, it is advantageous if the fiber material comprises fibers which are selected from a group comprising polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile and polyester fibers, again in mixtures from these fiber types are possible. Thus, for example, mixed fiber materials are possible which comprise approximately 50% polyethylene and approximately 50% polyamide or polyester fibers in order, for example, to influence the temperature behavior of this fiber material. Of course, compositions other than this 50/50 composition are possible.

This further layer can also be formed from a thermoplastic material, for example polyethylene (PE), ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (PE-UHMW), polypropylene (PP), an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), a polyamide (PA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) , Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a polyurethane (PUR), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). Again, mixing of the thermoplastic materials is possible, e.g. Polyethylene and / or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and / or polypropylene and / or ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers and / or polyamide and / or polyvinyl chloride and / or polyethylene terephthalate and / or polyurethane and / or polytetrafluoroethylene and / or a thermoplastic elastomer with polyethylene and / or ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene and / or polypropylene and / or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers and / or polyamide and / or polyvinyl chloride and / or polyethylene terephthalate and / or polyurethane and / or polytetrafluoroethylene and / or a thermoplastic elastomer.

This at least one layer can be a solid material or foamed.

For better venting during concreting, the covering material may have at least one, preferably a plurality of recesses penetrating this layer (s).

Correspondingly good adhesive properties or connection properties are achieved when the at least approximately channel-like and / or pore-shaped recesses or at least approximately channel-like protrusions extend over a portion of the surface or surfaces selected from a range with a lower limit of 20% and an upper limit of 80%, based on the entire extent of the surface. In particular, this portion may be selected from a range with a lower limit of 30% and an upper limit of 70%, preferably with a lower limit of 40% and an upper limit of 60%.

With a view to improving the prevention of the deformation of these surface structures in the area of connection formation with the concrete component, the covering material may have a static bedding module according to DIN 45673-1 (rigidity per area) selected at least in this connection area from a lower limit area of 0.01 N / mm ³ and an upper limit of 0.5 N / mm ³ . In particular, the ballast module may be selected from a range with a lower limit of 0.05 N / mm ³ and an upper limit of 0.3 N / mm ³ , for example selected from a range with a lower limit of 0.08 N / mm ³ and an upper limit of 0.25 N / mm ³ .

The covering material may have a groove in a first edge area and a spring in a second edge area in order to be able to cover a larger surface area continuously with the covering material.

Furthermore, the covering material may have a cambered surface for forming a ventilation system for the enclosed during concreting air.

For a better understanding of the invention, it will be described with reference to the following figures, which are not limiting to the scope of the invention.

Fig. 1

ein Verbundsystem im Querschnitt, bestehend aus dem Belagsmaterial und einem damit verbundenen Betonbauteil;

Fig. 2

eine Ausführungsvariante des Verbundsystems nach Fig. 1 im Querschnitt;

Fig. 3

eine weitere Ausführungsvariante des Verbundsystems nach Fig. 1 im Querschnitt;

Fig. 4

eine erste Ausführungsvariante des Belagsmaterials in Schrägansicht;

Fig. 5

die Draufsicht auf ein Belagsmaterial mit schematischer Andeutung von über die Oberfläche des Belagsmaterials verteilten Oberflächenstrukturierungen;

Fig. 6

eine Ausführungsvariante zu Fig. 5;

Fig. 7

eine Ausführungsvariante zu Fig. 5;

Fig. 8

unterschiedliche Formen der Oberflächenstrukturierungen;

Fig. 9

ein Verbundsystem bestehend aus einem Belagsmaterial sowie zwei daran angeordneten Betonbauteilen im Querschnitt;

Fig. 10

die Ausbildung des Verbundsystem als Schwellenbesohlung;

Fig. 11

ein Verbundsystem bestehend aus zwei über das Belagsmaterial miteinander verbundenen Schwellen;

Fig. 12

eine Ausführungsvariante des Verbundsystem im Querschnitt;

Fig. 13

eine Ausführungsvariante des Verbundsystems im Querschnitt;

Fig. 14

ein Belagsmaterial mit eingelagerten Kammern im Querschnitt;

Fig. 15

ein mehrteilig ausgebildetes Belagsmaterial im Querschnitt;

Fig. 16

ein nicht erfindungsgemäßes Belagsmaterial als Schaum ausgebildet im Querschnitt;

Fig. 17

eine Ausführungsvariante des Belagsmaterials bestehend aus einer Schaumschicht mit Oberflächenstrukturierungen im Querschnitt.

Fig. 18

eine Ausführungsvariante eines Belagsmaterials;

Fig. 19

das Belagsmaterial nach Fig. 18 in Draufsicht geschnitten nach der Linie 18-18 in Fig. 18;

Fig. 20

eine Ausführungsvariante des Belagsmaterials in Draufsicht mit Schräg verlaufenden kanalartigen Ausnehmungen;

Fig. 21

eine Ausführungsvariante eines Belagsmaterials in Seitenansicht mit bombierten Seitenflächen der stegartigen Erhebungen;

Fig. 22

eine Ausführungsvariante eines Belagsmaterials in Frontansicht mit bombierter Oberfläche;

Fig. 23

eine Ausführungsvariante eines Belagsmaterials in Frontansicht mit bombierter Oberfläche;

Fig. 24

eine Ausführungsvariante eines Belagsmaterials in Frontansicht mit welliger Obenfläche;

Fig. 25

eine Ausführungsvariante eines Belagsmaterials in Frontansicht mit einer Nut/Feder Ausbildung.

Each shows in a schematically simplified representation:

Fig. 1

a composite system in cross-section, consisting of the lining material and a concrete component connected thereto;

Fig. 2

an embodiment of the composite system according to Fig. 1 in cross-section;

Fig. 3

a further embodiment of the composite system according to Fig. 1 in cross-section;

Fig. 4

a first embodiment of the covering material in an oblique view;

Fig. 5

the top view of a covering material with a schematic hint of distributed over the surface of the covering material surface structuring;

Fig. 6

a variant to Fig. 5 ;

Fig. 7

a variant to Fig. 5 ;

Fig. 8

different forms of surface structuring;

Fig. 9

a composite system consisting of a covering material and two concrete components arranged thereon in cross section;

Fig. 10

the formation of the composite system as sleeper padding;

Fig. 11

a composite system consisting of two interconnected via the lining material thresholds;

Fig. 12

a variant of the composite system in cross section;

Fig. 13

an embodiment of the composite system in cross section;

Fig. 14

a covering material with embedded chambers in cross section;

Fig. 15

a multi-part formed covering material in cross section;

Fig. 16

a non-inventive covering material formed as a foam in cross section;

Fig. 17

a variant of the covering material consisting of a foam layer with surface structuring in cross section.

Fig. 18

a variant of a covering material;

Fig. 19

the covering material after Fig. 18 cut in plan view along the line 18-18 in Fig. 18 ;

Fig. 20

a variant of the covering material in plan view with inclined channel-like recesses;

Fig. 21

a variant of a covering material in side view with cambered side surfaces of the web-like elevations;

Fig. 22

a variant of a covering material in front view with cambered surface;

Fig. 23

a variant of a covering material in front view with cambered surface;

Fig. 24

an embodiment of a covering material in front view with undulating upper surface;

Fig. 25

a variant of a covering material in front view with a tongue and groove training.

By way of introduction, it should be noted that in the differently described embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals or the same component names, wherein the disclosures contained in the entire description can be mutatis mutandis to the same parts with the same reference numerals or component names. Also, the position information selected in the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc. related to the directly described and illustrated Fig. And are to be transferred to a new position analogously to the new situation. Furthermore, individual features or combinations of features from the illustrated and described different embodiments may be considered to be independent, inventive or inventive Represent solutions.

It should further be noted that the surface structures described below with at least approximately channel-like recesses or at least approximately channel-like elevations, which are not designed in the manner of an at least approximately parallel to the surface extending tube profile for producing the positive connection, are not covered by the scope of the claims.

Fig. 1 1 shows a composite system 1 comprising a covering material 2 and a concrete component 3. The covering material 2 has a surface structuring 5 on a first surface 4 facing the concrete component 3. About this surface 4 and the surface structuring 5 of this covering material 2 is connected to the concrete component 3, in particular positively and / or non-positively connected.

The surface structuring 5 is formed in this embodiment of the composite system 1 in the form of channel-like elevations 6, which project beyond the surface 4. The surface structures 5 are - viewed in cross-section - formed like a loop, so that channels 7 arise. These channels 7 are at least largely filled with the concrete of the concrete component 3, whereby a mechanical anchoring of the covering material 2 takes place on the concrete component 3.

Fig. 2 shows a variant of the composite system 1. Again, this consists of the covering material 2 and the concrete component 3. The latter is compared to the concrete component 3 after Fig. 1 made larger than the covering material 2, which should be clarified that it is not mandatory in the context of the invention that the covering material 2 and the concrete component 3 - viewed in cross section - must have the same dimensions in terms of height or width. Rather, any configured concrete components 3 be connected to the covering material 2, as well as Fig. 3 should represent.

It is also not mandatory that the connection surface between the covering material 2 and the concrete component 3 is flat, as well as this may be curved, polygonal, etc.

The surface structuring 5 is in this embodiment as at least approximately channel-like recesses 8, that is, depressions in the covering material 2, that is, in a layer forming this 9 as a base body of the covering material 2, is formed. The cross-section of these at least approximately channel-like recesses 8 is formed substantially rectangular, wherein in the region of the surface 4 of the covering material 2 undercuts 10 are formed so that the cross-section of these channel-like recesses 8 in the direction of the core 11 of the layer 9 in the near-surface region widens ,

The channel-like recesses 8 extend in this embodiment variant of the composite system 1 at least approximately parallel with respect to their longitudinal extent to the surface 4 of the covering material. This course can also be formed in all other variants of the invention.

In the unclaimed embodiment of the composite system 1 according to Fig. 3 is the surface structuring 5 also in the form of at least approximately channel-like recesses 8, wherein, in contrast to the embodiment according to Fig. 2 , These recesses 8 extend at least approximately vertically to the surface 4 of the covering material 2.

These recesses 8 can have different cross sections, for example round, oval, quadrangular, rectangular or polygonal, etc.

The composite system 1 is suitable for a wide variety of applications. On the one hand, it is, for example, possible to line concrete containers in biogas plants or sewage treatment plants, so that the concrete, after in these plants very often media are present, the corrosive effect on concrete, especially reinforced concrete, protected. The lining of, for example, water pipes with such covering systems is conceivable, so that these water pipes can be used over a longer period of time. This also applies to water tanks.

On the other hand, it is also possible, the concrete components 3, e.g. As noise barriers or generally as protective walls, wherein the traffic-facing surface of these protective walls may be provided with the covering material 2 in order to have a certain protection in a collision of a car or to mitigate the consequences of this impact.

Even seals themselves such as. Balconies or terraces against moisture penetration, are possible with this composite system. In this case, it is advantageous if the covering material 2 is offset relative to the concrete component 3 by a certain length, so that an overlap region is formed which can be formed overlapping with another concrete component, so that butt joints of the concrete components 3 covered by the covering material 2 become. This offset can on the one hand be linear but also two-dimensional.

The production of expansion joints, as will be described in more detail later, is possible with the covering material according to the invention if two concrete components 3 are arranged on the latter and connected to one another.

Finally, embodiments in the form of threshold solders of concrete sleepers are also possible, these concrete sleepers being able to be designed as simple sleepers, as frame sleepers, ear cuffs, U-sleepers, etc.

In all these applications, it is advantageous that it can increase the resistance of the concrete without additional paint. In the case of sleeper fillings, moreover, as explained in the introduction, it is possible to reduce the load on the ballast bed.

In the embodiment according to Fig. 3 is shown by dashed lines that the channel-like recesses 7 may be provided at its end, which projects into the concrete component 3, with a bead 12, in turn, to form a kind of undercut and increase the adhesion of the concrete to the covering material 2. This bead 12 may have any cross section.

In the context of the invention, it is also possible to provide such beads 12 in other embodiments.

In Fig. 4 is a variant of the covering material 2 compared to the covering material 2 after Fig. 1 shown. In this case, the at least approximately channel-like elevations 6, which - viewed in cross section - again loop-shaped, are not formed as continuous channels 7, but they are severed at predeterminable intervals to form channel sections 13. These again project beyond the surface 4 of the covering material 2.

This design with channel sections 13 makes it easier for the liquid concrete mix to flow into the channels 7 of the channel sections 13.

These channel sections 13 may be formed lying side by side in series or, as in Fig. 4 shown to be offset from each other within two adjacent rows.

The Fig. 5 to 7 show possible distributions of the at least approximately channel-like elevations 6 or recesses 8 over the surface 4 of the covering material 2.

It should be noted that it is of course possible in the context of the invention to provide on this surface 4 both the at least approximately channel-like elevations 6 and the at least approximately channel-like recesses 8.

As Fig. 5 shows, so these recesses 8 or surveys 6 zig-zag, or how Fig. 6 shows, arrow-like, or how Fig. 7 shows, in a mixture linearly and arcuately arranged over this surface 4 of the covering material 2.

These illustrated variants represent only a few possible embodiments and are obvious other geometries within the scope of the invention conceivable.

Fig. 8 shows a cross section through a covering material 2, which shows 5 different examples of possible cross sections for the at least approximately channel-like elevations 6 as a surface structuring. Thus, these elevations 6 viewed in cross section, be at least approximately square and / or at least approximately trapezoidal or at least approximately oval and / or at least approximately circular and / or at least approximately T-shaped and / or polygonal such as at least approximately octagonal shape, so that in its interior, the already mentioned channel 7 is located ,

These cross-sections or examples of such cross-sections of channels 7 can both for continuous elevations 6, that is, on the surface 4 without interruption extending bumps 6 and for the channel sections 13 after Fig. 4 be used.

Of course, in the context of the invention, the possibility of these cross sections for the recesses 8, for example. After Fig. 2 or 3 form. Similarly, a distribution according to the example of the Fig. 5 to 7 for such cross sections over the surface 4 of the covering material 2 possible.

As in Fig. 8 further indicated by dashed lines, it is within the scope of the invention, the possibility of forming a second surface 14 of the covering material 2 with such at least approximately channel-like elevations 6. Likewise, this second surface 14, which is formed opposite the first surface 4, corresponding recesses 8 (not shown) or combinations of recesses 8 and elevations 6 have.

Furthermore, within the scope of the invention it is also possible to provide further surfaces of the covering material 2 with such surface structures 5.

In Fig. 9 a possible application of the covering material 2 is shown, in which a concrete component 3 or a concrete component 15 is arranged both on the first surface 4 and on the second surface 14 and over the surface structuring 5 formed in this case as at least channel-like elevations 6 with the covering material 2 are connected. Thus, the covering material, for example, act as a buffer between these two concrete components 3, 15 or at the same time can also act to prevent or reduce structure-borne sound transmissions.

Fig. 10 shows an application of the covering material 2, in which the concrete component 3 as Concrete threshold is formed and thus the covering material 2 forms a so-called threshold soles, in order to reduce possible ballast pressures through the wheel loads on the concrete sleeper on the ballast bed. Schematically indicated in this figure is a track 16, which is arranged on the top of the concrete sleeper designed as a concrete element 3.

Although in this application example again an at least approximately Schläpfenartige design of the surface structuring 5 (viewed in cross section) is provided, of course, all other cross-sectional variants, which have already been shown or which is also conceivable and feasible within the scope of the invention, and thus can loop-like surface structures 5 are also replaced by these or replaced by corresponding recesses.

Fig. 11 also shows the case of application concrete sleeper, but in this embodiment, the covering material 2 according to the embodiment according to Fig. 9 serves for the connection of two concrete components 3, 15 in the form of concrete sleepers, so as to provide a shear-resistant but flexible elastic connection between the concrete sleepers.

Although not shown, it is of course also in this embodiment, possible to provide the covering material 2 also on the underside of the concrete sleepers as Schwellenhleohlung, according to the embodiment according to Fig. 10 ,

The statements concerning the cross sections of the elevations 6 and recesses 8 accordingly Fig. 10 are also applicable here.

The FIGS. 12 and 13 show a variety of configurations of cross sections for the at least approximately channel-like recesses 8, which cooperate with elevations 6 to provide better anchoring of the covering material 2 on the Betonbäuteil 3.

As can be seen from these two figures, the cross sections of the at least approximately channel-like recesses 8 over the course of the surface 4 of the covering material 2 may be formed varying or these cross sections of the recesses 8 may also change completely.

The elevations 6 are arranged in this embodiment over the surface 4 that they partially overlap with the recesses 8, so that they represent a kind of undercut 10 of the recesses 8 and thus contribute to a better anchoring of the concrete in the covering material 2. These surveys 6, for example mushroom-shaped or oval, as in the left part of Fig. 12 shown, be formed, as well as these channels can at least topfförming or oval as in the right part of the Fig. 12 represented, be formed.

Also in these embodiments, it is possible that the elevations 6 are channel-like, as in some of the surveys in the FIGS. 12 and 13 is indicated by indication of the channels 7.

Furthermore, these elevations 6 can again be designed as sections.

It should be mentioned at this point that all possible variants of surveys 6 with recesses 8 are possible in all variants of the covering material 2.

It should also be noted that the elevations 6, as already described above, may also have a different height above the surface 4.

In the FIGS. 12 and 13 is also indicated by dashed lines that the covering material 2 at least one, preferably several (even more than two, as in Fig. 12 shown), through recesses 17 which extend from the first surface 4 to the second surface 14, may have, so as to achieve a ventilation system for trapped during concreting of the concrete component 3 air through the covering material 2. These recesses 17 may be formed extending below the at least channel-like recesses 8 starting in the direction of the second surface 14, as well as these channel-like recesses 17 - as in Fig. 13 is indicated - extend through the elevations 6.

Again, combinations of both variants are possible.

It is also possible that these recesses 17 do not extend into the second surface 14, but for example in the front or side surfaces of the covering material. 2

Fig. 14 shows a variant of the lining material 2 in cross section, in which the layer 9 of the covering material 2 at least one, preferably a plurality of chambers 18 has. These chambers 18 can, as in Fig. 14 is shown, are arranged in the core center, as well as an acentric - viewed in cross section - arrangement thereof within the layer 9 is possible.

With these chambers 18, a corresponding variance of the compressibility of the layer 9 or the covering material 2 and thus also a variance of the vibration behavior is achieved. As already mentioned above, these chambers 18 may also be partially filled.

Although the covering material 2 is preferably produced in one piece, since this considerably simplifies the production in comparison to corresponding covering materials according to the prior art, it is also possible within the scope of the invention to use this covering material 2, as described in US Pat Fig. 15 is indicated to form a plurality of parts, for example, on the bottom, ie the other surface 14 of the covering material 2, so the surface structuring 5 opposite to arrange another layer 19. This further layer 19 may likewise be an elastomer layer, this preferably having different properties to the layer 9 of this covering material 2, it is also possible to form this layer 19 in the form of a thermoplastic material or a fiber material, such as a knitted fabric or a fabric, such as this in Fig. 15 is indicated by arrangement of fibers 20. Through these fibers 20, a mechanical connection between the layer 9 and the further layer 19 is possible by at least some of these fibers 20 partially projecting into the layer 9 of the covering material 2.

The Fig. 16 shows a non-inventive embodiment in which the covering material 2 is formed in the form of an integral foam according to the above, so that therefore the recesses 8 of the preceding examples are formed by pores 21 on the surface 4. These pores 21 may be formed widening in the direction of the core 11 of the layer 9 of the covering material 2, so that in turn creates a kind of undercut.

The integral foam can be formed for example by a PUR or EPDM foam.

It is also possible that the main body of the covering material 2, so the layer 9, by a "normal" foam, so no integral foam is formed.

Fig. 17 shows a combination of integral foam with arranged on the surface 4, at least approximately channel-like elevations 6 of the covering material. 2

Of course, the already described, channel-like recesses 8 can also be arranged in this embodiment again.

In the FIGS. 18 and 19 a variant embodiment of the covering material 2 is shown, on the one hand web-like elevations 6 and on the other hand in these elevations 6 at least approximately channel-like recesses 8 to form the channels 7, which are divided by the elevations 6, the recesses 8 in the channel sections 13, so the channels 7 do not extend through.

The elevations 6 are asymmetrically distributed over the surface 4 of the covering material 2, as is apparent from Fig. 19 it can be seen, in each case two elevations 6 form a group, which are arranged at a first distance 22 to each other, and between the groups, a second distance 23 is formed, which is greater than the first distance 22nd

Within the scope of the invention, it is also possible that more than two bumps 6 form a group, e.g. Three or four, and it is also possible that the distances of the surveys 6 within a more than two surveys 6 having group are also different. Furthermore, the groups of elevations 6 can also be arranged at completely irregular intervals from one another.

Due to these configurations, the concrete can penetrate due to the small distances between the elevations 6 of a group at different speeds in the interstices of the elevations 6 and in the channels 7 of the recesses 8, wherein the smaller distances 22 between the elevations 6 of a group later and / or slower filled with concrete, whereby a ventilation system is achieved to escape the trapped air during concreting.

A width 24 of the web-shaped elevations 6 may be selected from a range with a lower limit of 1 mm and an upper limit of 10 mm, in particular be selected from a range with a lower limit of 2 mm and an upper limit of 7 mm.

The distance 22 between the bumps 6 of a group can be selected from a range with a lower limit of 0.5 mm and an upper limit of 10 mm, in particular selected from a range with a lower limit of 1 mm and an upper limit of 3 mm.

The distance 23 between the groups of protrusions 6 may be selected from a range with a lower limit of 2 mm and an upper limit of 20 mm, in particular selected from a range with a lower limit of 3 mm and an upper limit of 7 mm , Distances greater than 20 mm reduce the adhesive surfaces to the concrete, which may decrease the adhesive strength of the adhesive system.

The distances 22 and 23 can be made for example by appropriate shapes or by subsequent milling of the full material.

The recess 8, i. Channels 7 can be made by subsequent drilling or milling of the elevations 6 or preferably by a correspondingly shaped nozzle of an extrusion die.

Instead of this checkered formation of the elevations 6 to the channels 7 of FIGS. 18 and 19 with at least approximately rectangular arrangement of the channels 7 to the elevations 6, it is possible within the scope of the invention, as in Fig. 20 is shown, which shows a cut through the channels 7 top view of a covering material 2, that the channels 7 are arranged in a different angle to the elevations 6 to 90 °. For example, the angle may be selected from a range with a lower limit of 10 ° and an upper limit of 85 °.

Fig. 21 shows a covering material 2 in side view with elevations 6, the side walls 25 have, which have a crown, whereby the force fit is improved to the concrete. The radius of the crowning may be selected from a range with a lower limit of 1000 mm and an upper limit of 10000 mm. Also in this embodiment, the elevations 5 recess 8 (not shown). As shown, two elevations can form a group in this variant, although a symmetrical design of the elevations 6 without grouping is possible, so that, for example, a survey 6 may have two cambered side surfaces 25. But the crowning can also be formed only on one of two side surfaces 6, for example, only the respective right or left side wall 6, or can also be formed hybrids in which, for example, each two adjacent side walls 25 a crown and the adjoining side walls are currently running. It is also possible to provide different crowning radii both within a crowning and between crowns of two elevation 6.

The execution of the covering material 2 after Fig. 22 - Illustrated in front view has a crown on, but in the surface 4, which comes to the concrete threshold to the plant. It is thus also achieved a better ventilation for the trapped air during concreting.

Alternatively or additionally, the crowning may also be present on the surface of the elevations 6, which comes to rest against the concrete. This surface is above the surface 4, over which protrude the projections 6.

Likewise, it is possible to perform the bottom surface between the elevations 6 cambered by, for example, a disc cutter, with the example, the recesses are formed between the elevations 6, is performed accordingly, so that at least a portion of the channels 7 have a different distance from this bottom surface, such as this in Fig. 22 is indicated by dashed lines.

The at least approximately channel-like recesses 8 here have a different diameter, which is larger at the centrally arranged channels 7 than at the marginal formed channels 7. There are also more than two mutually different diameter of the channels 7 possible.

In contrast, the channels 7 in the execution of the covering material 2 after Fig. 23 the same diameter, but the channels are not arranged at least linearly as after Fig. 22 but follow the course of an arc.

Fig. 24 shows a covering material 2 in front view, which as an example of a possible surface modification - viewed in cross section - wavy profile, creating a larger surface for connection of the concrete - in addition to the at least approximately channel-like recesses 8 - is created.

The covering materials 2 after the FIGS. 22 to 24 can also be provided with elevations 6 (not shown), as to the Fig. 18 to 21 has been described.

Finally shows Fig. 25 a variant of the invention, with which it is possible to provide larger widths of concrete surfaces over the entire surface with the covering material 2. For this purpose, the covering material 2 has a groove 27 on a first edge region 26 and a spring 29 on a second edge region 28 lying opposite the first edge region. It can be used to connect a plurality of covering materials 2 via the groove 27 - spring 29 - connection to a larger area element.

In one embodiment, it is possible that a covering material 2 each have 2 grooves 27 and another covering material 2 has two springs 29, but the asymmetrical design with groove 27 and spring 29 is preferred because only one form or (extrusion) Nozzle is necessary.

The groove 27 and the spring 29 may be formed over the entire longitudinal extent of the covering material 2.

Instead of the tongue and groove connection and other connection means may be provided.

As already mentioned, the production of this covering material 2 can preferably be carried out by a continuous process. Examples of these are pressing methods, injection molding methods, extrusion methods or automatic vulcanization methods. Since these methods have already been adequately described in the prior art, reference should be made at this point to the relevant literature, for example Röthemayer / Sommer; Rubber Technology Materials - Processing - Products; Hanser, 2001, especially chapters 10 to 12.

The production of the composite system 1 can now take place in such a way that, for example, for the embodiment variant threshold a corresponding formwork is provided which gives the threshold the outer dimensions. In this formwork, the covering material 2 is inserted and then poured into the liquid concrete mass and cured. The viscosity of the concrete mass should be adjusted so that it is sicliergestellt with sufficient certainty that the concrete flows into the recesses 8 and 7 channels. A shaking of the introduced concrete for compression and expelling trapped air is possible.

In this variant, it is advantageous if the covering material 2 with the ventilation openings, i. e.g. Recesses 17, or ventilation systems - as described above- is equipped and if the bottom of the formwork may also have vents.

Alternatively, it is possible for the time being pour the concrete measures in the formwork and hang the covering material 2 in a second step on the still liquid concrete mass and press into this.

Again, the use of lining materials 2 with the continuous recesses 17 and venting systems is again advantageous.

The thickness of the covering material 2 is preferably chosen for the embodiment variant threshold soling so that a deflection of 1 to 1.5 mm is achieved.

For the sake of order, it should finally be pointed out that, for a better understanding of the structure of the composite system 1 or covering material 2, this or its constituent parts have been shown partially unevenly and / or enlarged and / or reduced in size.

REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

integrated system

2

covering material

3

concrete component

4

surface

5

surface structuring

6

survey

7

channel

8th

recess

9

layer

10

undercut

11

core

12

bead

13

Channel section

14

surface

15

concrete component

16

railway train

17

recess

18

chamber

19

layer

20

fiber

21

pore

22

distance

23

distance

24

width

25

Side wall

26

border area

27

groove

28

border area

29

feather

Claims (17)

1. A use of a coating material (2) for direct, form-fitting connection to a concrete structure (3), comprising a layer (9) of at least one polymer having a first surface (4) for contact with and connection to the concrete structure (3), wherein said surface (4) has a surface structure (5), characterized in that the surface structure (5) is formed by at least approximately channel-shaped recesses (8) or at least approximately channel-shaped elevations (6), wherein the at least approximately channel-shaped recesses (8) or elevations (6) are constructed in the manner of a tube profile running at least approximately parallel to the surface, for the production of the form fit.
2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least approximately channel-shaped recesses (8) or elevations (6) are interrupted in the direction of their longitudinal extent for the formation of channel segments (13).
3. The use according to claim 2, characterized in that the channel segments (13) have a length which is selected from a range with a lower limit of 30 % and an upper limit of 70 % of the overall length of the channel-shaped recess (8) or elevations (6) forming these channel segments (13).
4. The use according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the channel segments (13) have a length which is selected from a range with a lower limit of 1 mm and with an upper limit of 100 mm.
5. The use according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the tube profiles are constructed projecting over the surface (4).
6. The use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least individuals of the at least approximately channel-shaped recesses (8) or elevations (6) have a different height to the further at least approximately channel-shaped recesses (8) or elevations (6).
7. The use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a second surface (14) of the layer, lying opposite the first surface (4), is also formed with surface structures (5).
8. The use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least approximately channel-shaped recesses (8) or elevations (6) are arranged at right-angles to an outer lateral edge, distributed in a zigzag shape and/or in a curved or respectively undulating manner or/or linearly over the first and/or second surface (4, 14).
9. The use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least approximately channel-shaped recesses (8) or elevations (6) have a round, oval, mushroom head-like, T-shaped, triangular, four-sided or polygonal cross-section.
10. The use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one chamber (18) is arranged in the layer (9).
11. The use according to claim 10, characterized in that the at least one chamber (18) is at least partially filled with a filling material.
12. The use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layer (9) is connected with at least one further layer (19), which has different characteristics compared to the layer (9).
13. The use according to claim 12, characterized in that the further layer (19) is formed by a further polymer or by a fibre material.
14. The use according to claim 13, characterized in that the fibre material is formed by a knitted fabric in the form of a fleece or felt or by a woven fabric.
15. The use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layer (9) penetrating recesses (17) are arranged in the layer (9).
16. The use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least approximately channel-shaped recesses (8) or elevations (6) extend over a portion of the surface(s) (4, 14), which is selected from a range with a lower limit of 20 % and an upper limit of 80 %, in relation to the entire extent of the surface(s) (4, 14).
17. The use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface (4) or respectively the elevations (6) are constructed with a crowning.

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