AT505180A1 - COATING MATERIAL FOR DIRECT CONNECTION TO A CONCRETE COMPONENT - Google Patents

Description

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The invention relates to a covering material for direct connection to a concrete component, comprising a layer of at least one polymer having a first surface for conditioning and connection to the concrete component, said surface having a surface structuring, a concrete component with a covering material disposed on at least one component surface and a method for producing a concrete component, which is provided on at least one surface with a covering material, in which the concrete mixture is poured into a formwork and cured.

Concrete components are provided with polymer layers for a variety of reasons. In particular, these polymer layers should on the one hand protect the concrete component itself from environmental influences in order to obtain a longer service life of this concrete component. On the other hand, it is also off necessary to prevent direct contact of the environment with the concrete component, ie to protect the environment itself. On the one hand, coatings of polymer dispersions are used for these purposes. However, these have the disadvantage that they are only on site, so when installing the concrete component, mounted so that the degree of prefabrication of the concrete component is reduced.

There are also known composite systems in which a concrete component is connected to an elastomer layer. For example, it is known from the track construction to provide concrete sleepers with a so-called soles. At high load of the track system, it comes namely because of the high compressive stresses in the ballast to the destruction of the ballast and deterioration of the track position. The reason for this is that the ballast booms touch the concrete sleepers when installed only at certain points, so that it comes at these contact surfaces when crossing rail vehicles to large local loads. Through the use of threshold solders, which are sufficient for N2006 / 16500 ···························································.

If elastic properties are required, the compressive stress of the ballast may be reduced, especially be reduced in the contact area between threshold and gravel, since the contact surface is increased in so far as it allows the Schotterkömem to press into this Schwellenssohlung, analogous as is the case with wooden sleepers, which are already sufficiently "elastic" to to allow the impressions of the pylons. In addition, these Schwellenhleohlungen but also act as sound insulation elements, as they reduce the direct transmission of sound waves from the concrete sleeper in the ballast bedding.

In all cases in which a concrete component is therefore provided with an elastomer mat, it is important that this elastomer mat has sufficiently good adhesion to the concrete component in order to prevent delamination. One way to achieve this is, for example, to glue the elastomer mat with the concrete component. However, it may happen that at higher temperatures, this adhesive layer softens and thus the adhesion of the elastomer mat is reduced to the concrete component.

Furthermore, it is known from the prior art to connect such elastomeric mats via mechanical fasteners with the concrete component.

For example, DE 202 15 101 U describes a railway sleeper with a concrete body and at least one elastic plastic layer arranged on the underside of the concrete body. Between the concrete body and this plastic layer is a random fiber layer, in particular a nonwoven layer, preferably a geotextile layer, arranged, which adheres to the concrete of the concrete body and is connected flat with the at least one elastic plastic layer. Thus, the fibers of this intermediate layer are used in order to achieve a mechanical anchorage via these fibers in the concrete component, whereby a microforming connection is formed. A disadvantage, however, is that a further layer is required for the arrangement of the elastomer layer.

Concrete sleepers are known from the company publication "Soldered sleepers in ballasted track" of the "Getzner materials", which are manufactured as half-parts with mounting grid. The mounting grid, which is integrated in the sill sole, is used to attach the sole to the sill. It is used in the production of sleepers in the fresh air and N2006 / 16500 ·· 99 ··· ···· ·· ·······························································

• · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·: " &Quot; · · ·········· -3 concrete shaken. However, it is again an increased effort in the production of the soles themselves required.

DE 10 2004 011 610 A describes a method for producing a composite system between concrete and a high-polymer elastic material. In this case, the high polymer elastic material is provided with a separately prepared geometric surface modification as an original form by injection molding or by pressing, which is formed as a knob-shaped and / or rib-shaped elevations. After the prototype has cooled, the knob-shaped and / or rib-shaped elevations are formed into mushroom-shaped and / or T-shaped and / or bent elevations with a slight pressure by means of a hot forming tool. This gives the elevations in the upper area a larger diameter. So it is also connected with a multi-step manufacturing process.

The object of the invention is to provide a way with which a covering material with a concrete component can be easily connected.

The object of the invention is independent of the above-mentioned covering material, in which the surface structuring is formed by at least approximately channel-like and / or pore-shaped recesses or at least approximately channel-like elevations, further by the concrete component, which is provided with the covering material according to the invention and by the Method according to which the covering material according to the invention is connected to the concrete component solved. The advantage here is that the concrete in this, possibly continuous, i. not interrupted, channel-like or pore-shaped recesses or surveys can flow over a large area and thus a large surface is provided for the preparation of the compound. It is further advantageous that this covering material can be continuously produced, so that no further transformation steps or processing steps are required before the connection with the concrete component, whereby corresponding cost advantages can be realized. For this purpose, the connection is made essentially by mechanical precautions on the covering material, so that with regard to the concrete component does not have to be taken into account for special material tolerances. With the help of the N2006 / 16500 · · · t ·· ·· ♦ ··· ···

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Method can thus be provided a finished concrete component available immediately without further processing.

In this case, the channel-like recesses can extend into the end face (s) of the covering material or it is possible for these recesses to be closed in the area of the end face (s), e.g. rolled together.

The at least approximately pore-shaped recesses may have an average diameter on the outer surface of the covering material selected from a range having a lower limit of 0.2 mm and an upper limit of 10 mm. It can thus be influenced by the adhesion of the covering material to the concrete component by selecting a pore size from this area accordingly. It is thus possible to provide for overuse of the covering material, that the connection point to the concrete component acts as a predetermined breaking point, whereby the lining material may optionally replace and thus the forces acting on this are not registered in the entire extent in the concrete component. For pores with a pore size below 0.2 mm in the region of the outer surface of the covering material, it has been found that the concrete material only flows into these pores sufficiently. For pores with a diameter larger than 10 mm it could be observed that the adhesive strength decreases again. This is probably due to the fact that the area available for compound formation is reduced with increasing pores.

It should be pointed out at this point that the arithmetic mean is understood to mean the average diameter, so that within the scope of the invention it is entirely possible for individual pores to have a diameter which is below or above the stated limits. The vast majority of pore diameters on the surface, however, is in the specified range.

It is also advantageous if the pores on this outer surface of the covering material have an average diameter which is selected from a range with a lower limit of 0.5 mm and an upper limit of 8 mm, in particular a region with a lower limit of 2 mm and an upper limit of 5 mm. N2006 / I6500 ··· ·· · ···· ··· -5-

It is further possible that a diameter which is parallel to the outer surface and which increases at least approximately in the form of pore-shaped recesses in the direction from the first surface into the layer interior of the covering material. It is thus achieved a kind of undercut, whereby an additional "Verkrallungseffekt" is achieved for the connection of the covering material with the flowed into these pores concrete of the concrete component.

It is also possible to form the layer of an integral foam, which may have pores with a large diameter after a development in the region of the first surface, ie in the region of that surface where the surface structuring are provided, whereas on the second outer surface, which is not intended for connection to a concrete component, no or very few pores or this surface is closed. Such an integral foam is characterized in that the density increases in the direction of the closed surface. Due to the closed surface, on the one hand the penetration of dirt and liquids into the covering material can be prevented and thus also prevented, that thus the weight of this covering material is changed. As a result, it can be prevented that the vibration behavior or sound damping behavior of the covering material is affected by external disturbing influences. Furthermore, the density increase can change the vibration or sound damping behavior over the cross-section of the covering material, so that a wider spectrum of frequencies can be covered. It is thus also a non-positive and / or positive connection with the concrete sleeper possible. In the event that also another concrete component is connected to the covering material, as will be explained further below, it is possible to form this integral foam in such a way that the surface structuring in the form of pores is present on both surfaces, the diameter of these pores in Direction towards the middle of the layer decreases and thus increases the density in this direction.

In order to increase the adhesive strength or increase the "clawing effect" of the concrete component with the covering material, the at least approximately channel-like recesses in the region of the first surface, ie the surface through which the connections are made, can be N2006 / 16500 44 44 • 44 4499 • • • · 4 9 • · · · · «9 9 4 9 · · · · · 9 9 9 9 • • • • 94 99 • 4994 ··· ·· - 6- made with the concrete component, have an undercut. It is thus produced a positive connection.

It is also possible that the at least approximately channel-like recesses or elevations are interrupted in the direction of their longitudinal extension to form channel sections. It is thus also improves the connection formation to the concrete component, especially if in the case of channel-like recesses the end faces e-benfalls have an undercut, so for example in the form of "elongated pores" are formed or in the case of the channel-like surveys is thus additionally achieved the concrete material can flow more easily into these channels.

To improve the Einfließeffektes for the concrete material may be provided that the channel sections have a length which is selected from a range with a lower limit of 30% and an upper limit of 70% of the total length of these channel sections forming channel-like recesses or protrusions. It can also be achieved that in the case of possibly occurring defective connections, these are limited to a narrower range.

To improve these effects, these channel sections may have a length selected from a range with a lower limit of 35% and an upper limit of 65% of the total length of the channel-like recesses forming those channel sections, in particular a length that is selected from an area with a lower limit of 40% and an upper limit of 60% of the total

In particular, these channel pieces in connection with these effects may have a length which is selected from a range with a lower limit of 1 mm and an upper limit of 100 mm. It is also possible that these channel sections have a length which is selected from a range with a lower limit of 10 mm and an upper limit of 80 mm, in particular selected from a range with a lower limit of 20 mm and an upper limit of 50 mm.

The at least approximately channel-like recesses or elevations may be formed in the manner of a tube profile extending at least approximately parallel to the surface N2006 / 16500

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be. On the one hand, by avoiding sharp-edged transitions the inflow of the concrete material is facilitated and the degree of filling of the channels is increased, on the other hand, a kind of looping or a form fit is achieved in the embodiment "survey" so that the poured concrete material in the region of these channel sections over a large area of the Polymer of the covering material is surrounded. With this embodiment variant, a further improvement of the connection system, i. achieved the tear resistance of the covering material.

It is advantageous if these tube profiles are formed projecting over the surface, which in turn a better inflow of the concrete material is achieved.

The at least approximately channel-like recesses in the manner of a tube profile may have a height above the surface of the layer which is selected from a range with a lower limit of 2 mm and an upper limit of 20 mm. Below 2 mm, the channels in the case of the surveys on too small a diameter, whereby the inflow of concrete material is in turn difficult. O-beyond 20 mm, it may happen, in particular in the case of elastomeric embodiments of the covering material, that the cross section of these channels is changed during the inflow of the concrete material and possibly the loop-shaped O-berflächestrukturierung is compressed so far that the effect of inflow the concrete material is completely prevented.

At least some of the at least approximately channel-like recesses or elevations may have a different height from the further at least approximately channel-like recesses or elevations of the covering material, thereby facilitating the venting during the introduction of the concrete material onto this covering material.

According to an embodiment, it may be provided that a second surface of the layer opposite the first surface is likewise formed with a surface structuring, so that a further concrete component can be connected to this covering material via this further surface, and thus the covering material as a buffer between them Both concrete components can act. N2006 / 16500

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It is advantageous if this lining material has a density gradient with increasing density in the layer interior of the covering material.

In order to improve the connection properties of the covering material, the at least approximately channel-like recesses or elevations may also be arranged distributed in a zigzag-shaped and / or arcuate or wave-shaped manner over a first and / or second surface in addition to a linear design at right angles to an outer side edge , It may, for example - in conjunction with the channel sections - between the surveys and the channel sections a kind of checkerboard pattern are formed by the channel sections at least approximately at right angles to the surveys. On the other hand, it is also possible that the channel sections have a relative to the surveys history, which is different from 90 °, e.g. selected from a range with a lower limit of 10 ° and an upper limit of 85 °, in particular a range with a lower limit of 20 ° and an upper limit of 75 °, for example selected from a range with a lower limit of 30 0th and an upper limit of 65 °. It can thus be varied according to the distribution of forces in the connection area covering material / concrete component.

The elevations and / or recesses may have straight, these limiting sidewalls. On the other hand, it is also possible that at least individual, preferably all, of these side walls are cambered.

Depending on the need of the adhesive strength of the covering material on the concrete component or to adapt to different strength classes of the concrete or stiffness of the concrete during concreting, the at least approximately channel-like recesses or projections may have a round, oval, mushroom-like, T-shaped, triangular, have quadrangular or polygonal cross-section.

It should be mentioned in this connection that both with regard to the arrangement of these recesses or elevations of the same, a plurality of different variants, e.g. Recesses and / or elevations with a round and / or oval and / or mushroom-like and / or T-shaped and / or triangular and / or square and / or polygonal cross-section can be realized on a covering material. N2006 / 16500 ·· f: t:!. •·······························································································································································

The covering material may be formed of an elastomer or a thermoplastic. It is thus a corresponding adaptability for a variety of uses of the covering material possible.

In particular, the elastomer may be selected from a group comprising natural rubber (NR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), butadiene rubber (BR), nitrile rubber (NBR), chloroprene rubber. Rubber (CR), chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM) and polyurethane (PUR) as well as blends or mixtures thereof. These elastomers are particularly suitable for the continuous production of the covering material and also have corresponding vibration or damping behavior. In addition, it can be hard strokes on the concrete component of that side on which the covering material is arranged, are avoided, whereby the concrete component is better protected against destruction.

In particular, mixtures or blends of natural rubber and / or styrene-butadiene rubber and / or ethylene-propylene-diene rubber and / or butadiene rubber and / or nitrile rubber and / or chloroprene rubber and / or chlorosulfonated polyethylene and / or polyurethane with natural rubber and / or styrene-butadiene rubber and / or ethylene-propylene-diene rubber and / or butadiene rubber and / or the nitrile rubber and / or chloroprene rubber and / or chlorosulfonated polyethylene and / or polyurethane ,

The covering material, i. its main body can also be formed from a thermoplastic material, for example polyethylene (PE), ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (PE-UHMW), polypropylene (PP), an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), a polyamide (PA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) , Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a polyurethane (PUR), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). Again, mixing of the thermoplastic materials is possible, e.g. Polyethylene and / or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and / or polypropylene and / or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers and / or polyamide and / or polyvinyl chloride and / or polyethylene terephthalate and / or polyurethane and / or polytetrafluoroethylene and / or a thermoplastic elastomer with polyethylene and / or ultra-high molecular weight Polyethylene and / or polypropylene and / or ethylene-vinyl acetate N2006 / 16500

Copolymers and / or polyamide and / or polyvinyl chloride and / or polyethylene terephthalate and / or polyurethane and / or polytetrafluoroethylene and / or a thermoplastic elastomer.

The main body can be a solid material or foamed, e.g. an EPDM foam. It is further possible that the base body is provided with a reinforcement or reinforcement, for example of a metallic material, such as e.g. of steel, brass, or the like, and / or a fiber material, in particular in the form of short fibers having a fiber length, for example selected from a range with a lower limit of 5 mm and an upper limit of 50 mm. The fibers, e.g. Staple fibers may be selected from a group comprising textile, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile and polyester fibers, mixtures of these types of fibers being possible. The fibers can furthermore be distributed at least approximately homogeneously in the base body or it is possible to carry out the distribution in the form of a gradient.

The reinforcement may further be flat, rod-shaped or grid-shaped.

The covering material may have at least one chamber forming a cavity, as a result of which the vibration and / or sound damping behavior of the covering material can be influenced in a controlled manner. In addition, the compressibility of this covering material can be influenced with it. The chamber may be open or closed. For the sound damping behavior, it is advantageous if the chamber is at least partially filled with at least one filler material, for example, forming a so-called "spring-mass system".

The cavity may be open at the end face (s). It is likewise possible within the scope of the invention to close off or close off at least one of the front-side openings, e.g. by gluing or rolling together the side walls of the chambers in this area.

The fillers may be selected from a group comprising granules, knits, powders, pastes and / or mixtures thereof. : ι ··· ··· ············

The layer of paving material may have a layer thickness selected from a range having a lower limit of 2 mm and an upper limit of 50 mm. In particular, this layer thickness may be selected from a range with a lower limit of 5 mm and an upper limit of 40 mm, preferably a range with a lower limit of 3 mm and an upper limit of 20 mm. It can thus be achieved a corresponding damping behavior, in particular sound damping behavior of this layer.

The layer itself may be formed in one piece, with corresponding advantages with regard to the production of the covering material or it is possible for this basic body to be provided with at least one further layer, e.g. a cover layer is connected, which has compared to the layer of different properties, so in turn, for example, the formation of a "spring-mass system" can be achieved for Schalldämpfungszwecken. It can thus be the lining material a better resistance to abrasion or can be awarded the threshold solvency with this layer sliding properties.

The outwardly facing surface of the layer may be made smooth or closed, and it is also possible that this surface also has a surface structuring, e.g. in the form of elevations or recesses or pores.

Likewise, it is possible for the surface facing the base body of the covering material to be smooth or formed with one or the surface structurings.

It is particularly advantageous if the further layer is softer in comparison to the first layer, so that the connection with the concrete component takes place via the hard layer of the covering material and this connection is more durable in comparison to soft elastic layers, in particular since the surface structuring by the inflowing concrete is not compressed, and can be influenced via the soft layer, the sound damping behavior accordingly.

For this purpose, it is possible that this further layer is formed by a further polymer, in particular a further elastomer, preferably selected from the abovementioned elastomers (NR, SBR, EPDM, BR, CR, CSM, PUR), or can these also by a N2006 / 16500 NEN fiber material may be formed. Due to its softness or the configuration as a soft polymer, a larger contact area between the ballast bed and the threshold is therefore possible even in the case of the variant variant of the invention, whereby the individual ballast booms can be better protected against destruction.

The fiber material can be formed by a knitted fabric in the form of a fleece or felt or by a fabric or a cord. It can thus provide good bonding and adhesion of this further layer to the first layer (s), i. the basic body of the covering material, for example, in turn by mechanically anchoring the fibers of the further layer in the first layer, for example by the first layer is extruded onto the further layer, so that these fibers can penetrate into the still soft material of the first layer can run in the flowable state of the material for the first layer of this in tissue interstices. For the resistance to environmental influences or for the mechanical strength of this composite, it is advantageous if the fiber material comprises fibers which are selected from a group comprising polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile and polyester fibers, again in mixtures from these fiber types are possible. Thus, for example, mixed fiber materials are possible which comprise approximately 50% polyethylene and approximately 50% polyamide or polyester fibers in order, for example, to influence the temperature behavior of this fiber material. Of course, compositions other than this 50/50 composition are possible.

This further layer can also be formed from a thermoplastic material, for example polyethylene (PE), ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (PE-UHMW), polypropylene (PP), an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), a polyamide (PA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) , Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a polyurethane (PUR), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). Again, mixing of the thermoplastic materials is possible, e.g. Polyethylene and / or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and / or polypropylene and / or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers and / or polyamide and / or polyvinyl chloride and / or polyethylene terephthalate and / or polyurethane and / or polytetrafluoroethylene and / or a thermoplastic elastomer with polyethylene and / or ultra-high molecular weight Polyethylene N2006 / 16500

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··· · · · · · · · · · · · · ······································· And / or polypropylene and / or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers and / or polyamide and / or polyvinyl chloride and / or polyethylene terephthalate and / or polyurethane and / or polytetrafluoroethylene and / or a thermoplastic elastomer.

This at least one layer can be a solid material or foamed.

For better venting during concreting, the covering material may have at least one, preferably a plurality of recesses penetrating this layer (s).

Correspondingly good adhesive properties or connection properties are achieved when the at least approximately channel-like and / or pore-shaped recesses or at least approximately channel-like protrusions extend over a portion of the surface or surfaces selected from a range with a lower limit of 20%. and an upper limit of 80% based on the total surface area. In particular, this portion may be selected from a range with a lower limit of 30% and an upper limit of 70%, preferably with a lower limit of 40% and an upper limit of 60%.

With a view to improving the prevention of the deformation of these surface structures in the area of connection formation with the concrete component, the covering material may have a static bedding module according to DIN 45673-1 (rigidity per area) selected at least in this connection area from a lower limit area of 0.01 N / mm3 and an upper limit of 0.5 N / mm3. In particular, the ballast modulus may be selected from a range having a lower limit of 0.05 N / mm 3 and an upper limit of 0.3 N / mm 3, for example, selected from a range having a lower limit of 0.08 N / mm 3 and one upper limit of 0.25 N / mm3.

The covering material may have a groove in a first edge area and a spring in a second edge area in order to be able to cover a larger surface area continuously with the covering material.

Furthermore, the covering material may have a cambered surface for forming a ventilation system for the enclosed during concreting air. N2006 / 16500 ··· ······ • • • • • • ··· -14-

It is also advantageous if in the implementation of the method, a formwork is used, which is provided in the region of the bottom with vent openings, as this in turn facilitates the escape of the trapped during the inflow of the concrete into the formwork air or improved and thus the continuity of the properties of the concrete component can be improved.

For a better understanding of the invention, it will be described with reference to the following figures, which are not limiting to the scope of the invention.

Each shows in a schematically simplified representation:

1 shows a composite system in cross section, consisting of the covering material and a concrete component connected thereto;

FIG. 2 shows a variant embodiment of the composite system according to FIG. 1 in cross section; FIG.

3 shows a further embodiment variant of the composite system according to FIG. 1 in cross section;

4 shows a first embodiment of the covering material in an oblique view;

5 is a plan view of a covering material with a schematic hint of surface structures distributed over the surface of the covering material;

Fig. 6 shows a variant embodiment of Fig. 5;

FIG. 7 shows a variant embodiment of FIG. 5; FIG.

8 different forms of surface structuring;

9 shows a composite system consisting of a covering material and two concrete components arranged thereon in cross-section;

Fig. 10 shows the formation of the composite system as Schwellenhleohlung;

11 shows a composite system consisting of two interconnected via the covering material thresholds; N2006 / 16500 • · · * ···· • · Φ i ···· ··· * · -15

12 shows a variant of the composite system in cross section;

13 shows a variant of the composite system in cross section;

14 shows a covering material with embedded chambers in cross section;

15 is a multi-part formed covering material in cross section.

FIG. 16 shows a covering material in the form of a foam in cross section; FIG.

17 shows an embodiment variant of the covering material consisting of a foam layer with surface structuring in cross section.

FIG. 18 shows an embodiment variant of a covering material; FIG.

FIG. 19 shows the covering material according to FIG. 18 cut in plan view along the line 18-18 in FIG. 18; FIG.

20 shows a variant of the covering material in plan view with inclined channel-like recesses;

21 shows a variant of a covering material in side view with cambered side surfaces of the web-like elevations;

FIG. 22 shows a variant of a covering material in a front view with a cambered surface; FIG.

FIG. 23 shows a variant of a covering material in a front view with a cambered surface; FIG.

FIG. 24 shows a variant embodiment of a covering material in a front view with a wavy surface; FIG.

Fig. 25 shows a variant of a covering material in front view with a tongue / groove training.

By way of introduction, it should be noted that in the differently described embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals or the same component designations N2006 / 16500, wherein the disclosures contained in the entire description can be mutatis mutandis to the same parts with the same reference numerals or component names. Also, the location information chosen in the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc. referred to the immediately described and illustrated Fig. and are to be transferred to a new position analogous to the new situation. Furthermore, individual features or combinations of features from the different exemplary embodiments shown and described can also represent independent, inventive or inventive solutions. All statements on ranges of values in the description of the present invention should be understood to include any and all sub-ranges thereof, e.g. is the statement 1 to 10 to be understood that all sub-areas, starting from the lower limit 1 and the upper limit 10 are included, ie. all subregions begin with a lower limit of 1 or greater and end at an upper limit of 10 or less, e.g. 1 to 1.7, or 3.2 to 8.1 or 5.5 to 10.

1 shows a composite system 1 comprising a covering material 2 and a concrete component 3. The covering material 2 has a surface structuring 5 on a first surface 4 facing the concrete component 3. About this surface 4 and the surface structuring 5 of this covering material 2 is connected to the concrete component 3, in particular positively and / or non-positively connected.

The surface structuring 5 is formed in this embodiment of the composite system 1 in the form of channel-like elevations 6, which project beyond the surface 4. The surface structures 5 are - viewed in cross-section - formed like a loop, so that channels 7 arise. These channels 7 are at least largely filled with the concrete of the concrete component 3, whereby a mechanical anchoring of the covering material 2 takes place on the concrete component 3.

Again, this consists of the covering material 2 and the concrete component 3. The latter is made larger compared to the concrete component 3 of FIG. 1, as the covering material 2, which should be clarified that it is in the frame It is not absolutely necessary for the invention that the covering material 2 and the concrete component 3 - viewed in cross-section - have the same dimensions as the same. N2006 / 16500 ················································································· ···················································································································································································································································· Have to have width. Rather, any configured concrete components 3 can be connected to the covering material 2, as also Fig. 3 is intended to represent.

It is also not mandatory that the connection surface between the covering material 2 and the concrete component 3 is flat, as well as this may be curved, polygonal, etc.

The surface structuring 5 is in this embodiment as at least approximately channel-like recesses 8, that is, depressions in the covering material 2, that is, in a layer forming this 9 as a base body of the covering material 2, is formed. The cross-section of these at least approximately channel-like recesses 8 is formed substantially rectangular, wherein in the region of the surface 4 of the covering material 2 undercuts 10 are formed so that the cross-section of these channel-like recesses 8 in the direction of the core 11 of the layer 9 in the near-surface region widens ,

The channel-like recesses 8 extend in this embodiment variant of the composite system 1 at least approximately parallel with respect to their longitudinal extent to the surface 4 of the covering material. This course can also be formed in all other variants of the invention.

3, the surface structuring 5 is also in the form of at least approximately channel-like recesses 8, wherein, in contrast to the embodiment of FIG.

These recesses 8 can have different cross sections, for example round, o-val, quadrangular, rectangular or polygonal, etc.

The composite system 1 is suitable for a wide variety of applications. On the one hand, it is, for example, possible to line concrete containers in biogas plants or sewage treatment plants, so that the concrete, after in these plants very often media are present, the corrosive effect on concrete, especially reinforced concrete, protected. Also the liner N2006 / I6500 «· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · For example, water pipes with such coating systems is conceivable, so that these water pipes can be used over a longer period of time. This also applies to water tanks.

On the other hand, it is also possible, the concrete components 3, e.g. As noise barriers or generally as protective walls perform, the traffic-facing surface of these protective walls may be provided with the covering material 2, so as to have a certain protection in a collision of a car or in order to mitigate the consequences of this impact.

Even seals themselves such as. Of balconies or terraces against moisture penetration, are possible with this composite system. In this case, it is advantageous if the covering material 2 is offset relative to the concrete component 3 by a certain length, so that an overlap region is formed which can be formed overlapping with another concrete component, so that butt joints of the concrete components 3 covered by the covering material 2 become. This offset can on the one hand be linear but also two-dimensional.

The production of expansion joints, as will be described in more detail later, is possible with the covering material according to the invention if two concrete components 3 are arranged on the latter and connected to one another.

Finally, embodiments in the form of threshold solders of concrete sleepers are also possible, these concrete sleepers being able to be designed as simple sleepers, as frame sleepers, ear cuffs, U-sleepers, etc.

In all these applications, it is advantageous that it can increase the resistance of the concrete without additional paint. In the case of sleeper fillings, moreover, as explained in the introduction, it is possible to reduce the load on the ballast bed.

In the embodiment of FIG. 3 is shown in broken lines that the channel-like recesses 7 may be provided at its end, which projects into the concrete member 3, with a bead 12, in turn to form a kind of undercut and the adhesion of the concrete to the covering material 2 increase. This bead 12 may have any cross section. N2006 / 16500

19

In the context of the invention, it is also possible to provide such beads 12 in other embodiments.

FIG. 4 shows a variant embodiment of the covering material 2 in comparison with the covering material 2 according to FIG. 1. In this case, the at least approximately channel-like elevations 6, which - viewed in cross section - again loop-shaped, are not formed as continuous channels 7, but they are severed at predeterminable intervals to form channel sections 13. These again project beyond the surface 4 of the covering material 2.

This design with channel sections 13 makes it easier for the liquid concrete mixture to flow into the channels 7 of the channel sections 13.

These channel sections 13 may be formed lying side by side in series or, as shown in Fig. 4, be arranged offset from each other within two adjacent rows.

FIGS. 5 to 7 show possible distributions of the at least approximately channel-like elevations 6 or recesses 8 over the surface 4 of the covering material 2.

It should be noted that it is of course possible in the context of the invention to provide on this surface 4 both the at least approximately channel-like elevations 6 and the at least approximately channel-like recesses 8.

As shown in FIG. 5, therefore, these recesses 8 or elevations 6 zigzag-shaped, or as shown in FIG. 6, arrow-like, or as shown in FIG. 7, arranged in a mixture linearly and arcuately over this surface 4 of the covering material 2 be.

These illustrated variants represent only a few possible embodiments and are of course conceivable other geometries within the scope of the invention. ^

FIG. 8 shows a cross-section through a covering material 2, which as a surface structuring 3 shows very different examples of possible cross-sections for the at least approximately channel-like elevations 6. Thus, these elevations 6 viewed in cross section, at least approximately square and / or at least approximately trapezoidal or at least approximately oval and / or at least approximately circular and / or at least N2006 / 16500 ············· • • • • •··············································································································································································································· Approximately T-shaped and / or polygonal such as be formed at least approximately octagonal shape, so that in its interior of the already mentioned channel 7 is located.

These cross sections or examples of such cross sections of channels 7 can be used both for continuous elevations 6, that is, on the surface 4 without interruption extending bumps 6 and for the channel sections 13 of FIG. 4.

Of course, within the scope of the invention it is also possible to form these cross sections for the recesses 8, for example according to FIGS. 2 and 3. Likewise, a distribution according to the example according to FIGS. 5 to 7 for such cross sections over the surface 4 of the covering material 2 is possible.

As indicated by dashed lines in FIG. 8, it is possible within the scope of the invention to form a second surface 14 of the covering material 2 with such at least approximately channel-like elevations 6. Likewise, this second surface 14, which is formed opposite the first surface 4, corresponding recesses 8 (not shown) or combinations of recesses 8 and elevations 6 have.

Furthermore, within the scope of the invention it is also possible to provide further surfaces of the covering material 2 with such surface structures 5.

FIG. 9 shows a possible application of the covering material 2, in which a concrete component 3 or a concrete component 15 is arranged both on the first surface 4 and on the second surface 14 and over the surface structuring formed in this case as at least channel-like elevations 6 5 are connected to the covering material 2. Thus, the covering material may e.g. act as a buffer between these two concrete components 3, 15 or can simultaneously act to prevent or reduce structure-borne noise transmission.

Fig. 10 shows an application of the covering material 2, in which the concrete component 3 is formed as a concrete sleeper and thus the covering material 2 forms a so-called threshold solders, so as to reduce possible ballast pressures through the wheel loads on the concrete sleeper on the ballast bed. Schematically indicated in this figure is a track 16, which is arranged on the upper side of the concrete component designed as a concrete sleeper 3 N2006 / 16500 ······················.

Although in this application example again an at least approximately loop-like design of the surface structuring 5 (viewed in cross section) is provided, of course, all other cross-sectional variants which have already been shown or which is also conceivable and feasible within the scope of the invention, and thus can loop-like surface structures 5 are also replaced by these or replaced by corresponding recesses.

Fig. 11 also shows the use case concrete threshold, although in this embodiment, the covering material 2 according to the embodiment of FIG. 9 for connecting two concrete components 3.15 in the form of concrete sleepers, thus creating a shear-resistant but flexible elastic connection between the concrete sleepers ,

Although not shown, it is of course also in this embodiment possible to provide the covering material 2 also on the underside of the concrete sleepers as Schwellenhleohlung, according to the embodiment of FIG. 10th

The statements concerning the cross sections of the elevations 6 and recesses 8 corresponding to FIG. 10 are also applicable here.

12 and 13 show a variety of configurations of cross sections for the at least approximately channel-like recesses 8, which cooperate with surveys 6 to provide better anchoring of the covering material 2 on the concrete component 3.

As can be seen from these two figures, the cross sections of the at least approximately channel-like recesses 8 over the course of the surface 4 of the covering material 2 may be formed varying or these cross sections of the recesses 8 may also change completely.

The elevations 6 are arranged in this embodiment over the surface 4 so that they partially overlap with the recesses 8, so that this N2006 / 16500 -22- ···· * ·

Type of undercut 10 represent the recesses 8 and thus contribute to a better anchoring of the concrete in the covering material 2. In this case, these elevations 6, for example, mushroom-shaped or oval, as shown in the left part of Fig. 12, be formed, as well as these channels can be at least cup-shaped or oval as shown in the right part of FIG.

Also in these embodiments, it is possible that the elevations 6 are channel-like, as shown at some of the elevations in Figs. 12 and 13 by suggesting the channels 7.

Furthermore, these elevations 6 can again be designed as sections.

It should be mentioned at this point that all possible variants of surveys 6 with recesses 8 are possible in all variants of the covering material 2.

It should also be noted that the elevations 6, as already described above, may also have a different height above the surface 4.

In addition, in FIGS. 12 and 13, dashed lines indicate that the covering material 2 has at least one, preferably a plurality (also more than two, as shown in FIG. 12), continuous recesses 17 which extend from the first surface 4 to the second surface 14 extend, so as to achieve a ventilation system for trapped during concreting of the concrete component 3 air through the covering material 2. These recesses 17 may be formed extending below the at least channel-like recesses 8 starting in the direction of the second surface 14, e-benso this channel-like recesses 17 - as indicated in Fig. 13 - extend through the elevations 6.

Again, combinations of both variants are possible.

Likewise, it is possible that these recesses 17 do not extend into the second surface 14, but, for example, in the front or side surfaces of the covering material 2. N2006 / 16500 -23-

14 shows a variant embodiment of the covering material 2 in cross-section, in which the layer 9 of the covering material 2 has at least one, preferably a plurality of chambers 18. As is shown in FIG. 14, these chambers 18 can be arranged in the center of the core, as well as an acentric arrangement of the same within the layer 9, viewed in cross-section.

With these chambers 18, a corresponding variance of the compressibility of the layer 9 or the covering material 2 and thus also a variance of the vibration behavior is achieved. As already mentioned above, these chambers 18 may also be partially filled.

Although the covering material 2 is preferably produced in one piece, since this considerably simplifies the production in comparison to corresponding covering materials according to the prior art, it is also possible within the scope of the invention for this covering material 2, as shown in FIG. 15, to be multi-part form, for example, at the bottom, ie the further surface 14 of the covering material 2, so the surface structuring 5 opposite to arrange another layer 19. This further layer 19 may likewise be an elastomer layer, this preferably having different properties to the layer 9 of this covering material 2, it is also possible to form this layer 19 in the form of a thermoplastic material or a fiber material, such as a knitted fabric or a fabric, such as this is indicated in Fig. 15 by arrangement of fibers 20. Through these fibers 20, a mechanical connection between the layer 9 and the further layer 19 is possible by at least some of these fibers 20 partially projecting into the layer 9 of the covering material 2.

FIG. 16 shows a variant embodiment in which the covering material 2 is designed in the form of an integral foam according to the above explanations, so that therefore the recesses 8 of the preceding examples are formed by pores 21 on the surface 4. These pores 21 may be formed widening in the direction of the core 11 of the layer 9 of the covering material 2, so that in turn creates a kind of undercut.

The integral foam can be formed for example by a PUR or EPDM foam. N2006 / 16500 -24- ···· ♦ ·

In the context of the invention, it is further possible that the base body of the covering material 2, so the layer 9, by a "normal" foam, so no integral foam is formed.

17 shows a combination of integral foam with arranged on the surface 4, at least approximately channel-like elevations 6 of the covering material. 2

Of course, also in these exemplary embodiments, the already described, channel-like recesses 8 may be arranged again.

18 and 19, a AusftihrungsVariante of covering material 2 is shown, on the one hand web-like elevations 6 and on the other hand in these elevations 6, the at least approximately channel-like recesses 8 to form the channels 7 has, through the elevations 6, the recesses 8 in the Channel sections 13 are divided, so the channels 7 do not extend through.

The elevations 6 are distributed asymmetrically over the surface 4 of the covering material 2, as can be seen from FIG. 19, wherein two elevations 6 each form a group which are arranged at a first distance 22 from one another, and a second distance 23 between the groups is formed, which is greater than the first distance 22nd

Within the scope of the invention, it is also possible that more than two bumps 6 form a group, e.g. Three or four, and it is also possible that the distances of the surveys 6 within a more than two surveys 6 having group are also different. Furthermore, the groups of elevations 6 can also be arranged at completely irregular intervals from one another.

Due to these configurations, the concrete can penetrate due to the small distances between the elevations 6 of a group at different speeds in the interstices of the elevations 6 and in the channels 7 of the recesses 8, wherein the smaller distances 22 between the elevations 6 of a group later and / or slower filled with concrete, whereby a ventilation system is achieved to escape the trapped air during concreting. N2006 / 16500

-25-

A width 24 of the web-shaped elevations 6 may be selected from a range with a lower limit of 1 mm and an upper limit of 10 mm, in particular be selected from a range with a lower limit of 2 mm and an upper limit of 7 mm.

The distance 22 between the bumps 6 of a group can be selected from a range with a lower limit of 0.5 mm and an upper limit of 10 mm, in particular selected from a range with a lower limit of 1 mm and an upper limit of 3 mm.

The distance 23 between the groups of protrusions 6 may be selected from a range with a lower limit of 2 mm and an upper limit of 20 mm, in particular selected from a range with a lower limit of 3 mm and an upper limit of 7 mm , Distances greater than 20 mm reduce the adhesive surfaces to the concrete, which may decrease the adhesive strength of the adhesive system.

The distances 22 and 23 can be made for example by appropriate shapes or by subsequent milling of the full material.

The recess 8, i. Channels 7 can be made by subsequent drilling or tapping out of the elevations 6 or preferably by a correspondingly shaped nozzle of an extrusion die.

Instead of this checkered formation of the elevations 6 to the channels 7 of Fig. 16 and 17 with at least approximately rectangular arrangement of the channels 7 to the elevations 6, it is possible within the scope of the invention, as shown in Fig. 20, which a through the channels 7 cut plan view of a covering material 2 shows that the channels 7 are arranged in a different angle to the elevations 6 to 90 °. For example, the angle may be selected from a range having a lower limit of 10 0 and an upper limit of 85 °.

Fig. 21 shows a covering material 2 in side view with elevations 6 which have side walls 25 which have a crowning, whereby the frictional connection to the concrete is improved. The radius of the crowning may be selected from a range with a lower limit of 1000 mm and an upper limit of 10000 mm. Even with the- N2006 / 16500 • ·

···· ··· -26- this embodiment may have the elevations 5 recess 8 (not shown).

As shown, also in this variant, two bumps can form a group, although a symmetrical design of the bumps 6 without grouping is possible, so that e.g. a survey 6 may have two cambered side surfaces 25. However, the crowning can also be formed only on one of two side surfaces 6, for example only those of the respective right or left side wall 6, or mixed forms can also be formed in which e.g. each two adjacent side walls 25 a crown and the adjoining side walls are running. It is also possible to provide different crowning radii both within a crowning and between crowns of two elevation 6.

Also, the embodiment of the covering material 2 of FIG. 22 - shown in front view - has a crown on, but in the surface 4, which comes to the concrete threshold to the plant. It is thus also achieved a better ventilation for the trapped air during concreting.

Alternatively or additionally, the crowning may also be present on the surface of the elevations 6, which comes to rest against the concrete. This surface is above the surface 4, over which protrude the projections 6.

It is also possible to make the bottom surface cambered between the bumps 6, e.g. a side milling cutter, with which, for example, the recesses are formed between the elevations 6, is guided accordingly, so that at least a portion of the channels 7 have a different distance to this bottom surface, as indicated in Fig. 22 by dashed lines.

The at least approximately channel-like recesses 8 here have a different diameter, which is larger in the centrally arranged channels 7 than in the marginal channels 7. There are also more than two mutually different diameters of the channels 7 possible.

In contrast, the channels 7 in the embodiment of the covering material 2 of FIG. 23 have the same diameter, but the channels are not arranged at least linearly as shown in FIG. 22, but follow the course of an arc. N2006 / 16500

I ··· ··· -27-

FIG. 24 shows a covering material 2 in a front view, which has an undulating profile as an example of a possible surface modification, whereby a larger surface for connecting the concrete is created in addition to the at least approximately channel-like recesses 8.

The lining materials 2 according to FIGS. 22 to 24 can likewise be provided with elevations 6 (not illustrated), as has been described with reference to FIGS. 18 to 21.

Finally, Fig. 25 shows a variant of the invention, with which it is possible to provide larger widths of concrete surfaces over the entire surface with the covering material 2. For this purpose, the covering material 2 has a groove 27 on a first edge region 26 and a spring 29 on a second edge region 28 lying opposite the first edge region. It can be used to connect a plurality of covering materials 2 via the groove 27 - spring 29 - connection to a larger area element.

In one embodiment variant, it is possible for one covering material 2 to have two grooves 27 each and another covering material 2 to have two springs 29, but the a-symmetrical design with groove 27 and tongue 29 is preferred because only one shape or Extrusion) nozzle is necessary.

The groove 27 and the spring 29 may be formed over the entire longitudinal extent of the covering material 2.

Instead of the tongue and groove connection and other connection means may be provided.

As already mentioned, the production of this covering material 2 can preferably be carried out by a continuous process. Examples of these are pressing methods, injection molding methods, extrusion methods or automatic vulcanization methods. Since these methods have already been adequately described in the prior art, reference should be made at this point to the relevant literature, for example Röthemayer / Sommer; Rubber Technology Materials - Processing - Products; Hanser, 2001, especially chapter 10 to 12. N2006 / I6500 ♦ · ·························································································· t

· «····· ·· 28

The production of the composite system 1 can now take place in such a way that, for example, for the embodiment variant threshold a corresponding formwork is provided which gives the threshold the outer dimensions. In this formwork, the covering material 2 is inserted and then poured into the liquid concrete mass and cured. The viscosity of the concrete mass should be adjusted so that it is ensured with sufficient certainty that the concrete flows into the recesses 8 and 7 channels. A shaking of the introduced concrete for compression and expelling trapped air is possible.

In this variant, it is advantageous if the covering material 2 with the ventilation openings, i. e.g. Recesses 17, or ventilation systems - as described above - is equipped and if the bottom of the formwork may also have vent openings.

Alternatively, it is possible for the time being pour the concrete measures in the formwork and hang the covering material 2 in a second step on the still liquid concrete mass and press into this.

Again, the use of lining materials 2 with the continuous recesses 17 and venting systems is again advantageous.

The thickness of the covering material 2 is preferably chosen for the embodiment variant threshold soling so that a deflection of 1 to 1.5 mm is achieved.

The embodiments show possible embodiments of the composite system 1 and the covering material 2, it being noted at this point that the invention is not limited to the specifically illustrated embodiments thereof, but also various combinations of the individual embodiments are mutually possible and this variation possibility due to Teaching for technical action by objective invention in the skill of those working in this technical field is the expert. So are all conceivable embodiments, which are possible by combinations of individual details of the illustrated and described embodiment variant, includes the scope of protection. N2006 / 16500 V ·· ···· ···············································································

For the sake of order, it should finally be pointed out that, for a better understanding of the structure of the composite system 1 or covering material 2, this or its constituent parts have been shown partially unevenly and / or enlarged and / or reduced in size.

The problem underlying the independent inventive solutions can be taken from the description.

Above all, the individual in Figs. 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8th; 9; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18.19; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25 embodiments form the subject of independent solutions according to the invention. The relevant objects and solutions according to the invention can be found in the detailed descriptions of these figures. N2006 / 16500

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Μ ·· -30-

Reference Designation 1 Composite system 2 covering material 3 concrete component 4 surface 5 surface structuring 6 elevation 7 channel 8 recess 9 layer 10 undercut 11 core 12 bead 13 channel section 14 surface 15 concrete component 16 strand 17 recess 18 chamber 19 layer 20 fiber 21 pore 22 distance 23 distance 24 width 25 Side wall 26 Edge area 27 Groove 28 Edge area 29 Spring N2006 / 16500

Claims (35)

* · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ············· 1. covering material (2) for direct connection to a concrete component (3), comprising a layer (9) of at least one polymer having a first surface (4) for engagement with and connection to the concrete component (3), wherein this surface (4) has a surface structuring (5), characterized in that the surface structuring (5) is formed by at least approximately channel-like and / or pore-shaped recesses (8) or at least approximately channel-like elevations (6). 2. covering material (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least approximately pore-shaped recesses (8) have a mean diameter at the first surface, which is selected from a range with a lower limit of 0.2 mm and an upper limit of 10 mm. 3. covering material (2) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first surface (4) parallel diameter of the at least approximately pore-shaped recesses (8) in the direction of the first surface (4) in the core (11) of the layer (9) gets bigger. 4. covering material (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layer (9) is formed by an integral foam. 5. covering material (2) according to claim 4, characterized in that the integral foam on a second, the first surface (4) opposite surface (14) is formed at least largely largely pore-free. N2006 / I6500 ······················ ······························ · · ♦ · · t · · ···· ··· «· -2- 6. covering material (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least approximately channel-like recesses (8) in the region of the first surface (4) has an undercut (10). 7. covering material (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least approximately channel-like recesses (8) or elevations (6) are interrupted in the direction of their longitudinal extent to form channel sections (13). 8. covering material (2) according to claim 7, characterized in that the channel sections (13) have a length which is selected from a range having a lower limit of 30% and an upper limit of 70% of the total length of these channel sections (13 ) forming channel-like recess (8) or elevations (6). 9. covering material (2) according to claim 7, characterized in that the channel sections (13) have a length which is selected from a range with a lower limit of 1 mm and an upper limit of 100 mm. 10. covering material (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least approximately channel-like recesses (8) or elevations (6) are formed in the manner of an at least approximately parallel to the surface extending tube profile. 11. covering material (2) according to claim 10, characterized in that the tube profiles over the surface (4) are formed protruding. 12. covering material (2) according to claim 11, characterized in that the at least approximately channel-like recesses (8) or elevations (6) in the manner of a tubular profile have a height above the surface (4), which is selected from a range with a lower limit of 2 mm and an upper limit of 20 mm. N2006 / 16500 ······································································································································································································································ , characterized in that at least some of the at least approximately channel-like recesses (8) or elevations (6) have a height to the other at least approximately channel-like recesses (8) or elevations (6). 14. covering material (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a second, the first surface (4) opposite surface (14) of the layer is also formed with surface structuring (5). 15. covering material (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least approximately channel-like recesses (8) or elevations (6) perpendicular to an outer side edge, zig-zag and / or bow-or. wave-shaped or / or linearly distributed over the first and / or second surface (4,14) are arranged. 16. covering material (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least approximately channel-like recesses (8) or elevations (6) have a round, oval, mushroom-like, T-shaped, triangular, quadrangular or polygonal cross-section. 17. covering material (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polymer of the layer (9) is selected from a group comprising elastomers and thermoplastics. 18. covering material (2) according to claim 17, characterized in that the e-lastomer is selected from a group comprising natural rubber (NR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), butadiene Rubber (BR), nitrile rubber (NBR), chloroprene rubber (CR), chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM), polyurethane (PUR) and blends or mixtures thereof. N2006 / I6500 19. covering material (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the layer (9) at least one chamber (18) is arranged. 20. covering material (2) according to claim 19, characterized in that the at least one chamber (19) is at least partially filled with a filling material. 21. covering material (2) according to claim 20, characterized in that the filling material is selected from a group comprising granules, knitted fabrics, powders, pastes or a mixture thereof. 22. covering material (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layer (9) has a layer thickness which is selected from a range having a lower limit of 2 mm and an upper limit of 50 mm. 23. covering material (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layer (9) is integrally formed. 24. covering material (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layer (9) with at least one further layer (19) is connected, which has different properties compared to the layer (9). 25. covering material (2) according to claim 24, characterized in that the further layer (19) is formed by a further polymer or a FaserwerkstofF. 26. covering material (2) according to claim 25, characterized in that the fiber material is formed by a knitted fabric in the form of a fleece or felt or by a fabric. The covering material (2) according to claim 26, characterized in that the fiber material comprises fibers (20) selected from a group comprising poly-N2006 / 16500 Ethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile and polyester fibers and blends thereof , 28. covering material (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the layer (9) these penetrating recesses (17) are arranged. 29. covering material (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least approximately channel-like and / or the pore-shaped recesses (8) or elevations (6) over a portion of the surface (s) (4,14) extend which is selected from a range having a lower limit of 20% and an upper limit of 80% based on the total amount of the surface (s) (4, 14). 30. covering material (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polymer at least in the region of the surface (s) (4,14) has a static Bettungsmodul according to DIN 45673-1, which is selected from an area with a lower Limit of 0.01 N / mm3 and an upper limit of 0.5 N / mm3. 31. covering material (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in a first edge region (26) has a groove (27) and a second edge region (28) is formed a spring (28). 32. covering material (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface (4) and the elevations (6) are formed with a crown. 33. concrete component (3) with a covering material (2) which is arranged on at least one component surface and connected thereto, characterized in that the covering material (2) is designed according to one of the preceding claims. N2006 / 16500 »·· ···· ··················· · · · · · ······················································· 34. Concrete component (3) according to claim 33, characterized in that on the covering material (2), a further concrete component (15) is arranged and connected thereto. 35. A method for producing a concrete component (3) which is provided on at least one surface with a covering material (2), wherein the concrete mixture is poured into a formwork and hardened, characterized in that before the introduction of the concrete into the formwork Coating material (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 32 is introduced or that the covering material (2) is pressed according to one of claims 1 to 32 after introduction of the concrete mixture in this partially. 36. The method according to claim 35, characterized in that a formwork is used, which is provided in the region of its bottom with ventilation openings. Semperit Aktiengesellschaft Holding by N2006 / 16500