EP2146039B1 - Insulating glass pane - Google Patents
Insulating glass pane Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2146039B1 EP2146039B1 EP09162908A EP09162908A EP2146039B1 EP 2146039 B1 EP2146039 B1 EP 2146039B1 EP 09162908 A EP09162908 A EP 09162908A EP 09162908 A EP09162908 A EP 09162908A EP 2146039 B1 EP2146039 B1 EP 2146039B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- region
- insulating glass
- glass unit
- spacer profile
- profile
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims description 50
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011796 hollow space material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 240000005702 Galium aparine Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 206010023230 Joint stiffness Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/663—Elements for spacing panes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/663—Elements for spacing panes
- E06B3/66309—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit
- E06B2003/66385—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit with special shapes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/663—Elements for spacing panes
- E06B3/66309—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit
- E06B3/66328—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit of rubber, plastics or similar materials
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/663—Elements for spacing panes
- E06B3/66309—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit
- E06B3/66366—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit specially adapted for units comprising more than two panes or for attaching intermediate sheets
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an insulating glass pane according to the preamble of claim 1. Accordingly, the invention relates in particular to an insulating glass pane consisting of at least two outer panes and an edge seal, which has a spacing profile.
- the publication DE 20 2006 000 835 U1 relates to an insulating glass pane with a reinforced edge composite consisting of at least two individual panes and a spacer profile of metal or a glass fiber reinforced plastic. The profile is glued over two contact surfaces with the individual panes.
- the publication DE 1 197 603 B discloses all features of the preamble of claim 1 and claim 4 and also relates to an insulating glass pane with a spacer consisting of two irregularly shaped profile parts, their facing surfaces approximately complementary to each other and by a Groove are spaced apart, which is filled with a permanently elastic resin adhesive.
- the publication US 5,568,714 A relates to an insulating glass pane with a two-part spacer, which consists of two approximately box-shaped hollow profiles made of steel or aluminum, which are connected at their sides facing each other via two insulating elements.
- the publication WO 84/01798 A1 relates to a multi-pane window with U-shaped spacers between the individual panes.
- the spacers are made of aluminum or steel and are designed to stiffen and hold the side edges.
- the publication DE 1 265 385 B relates to a solid spacer between two panes of glass, through which passes a tubular element, at the outer end of which a desiccant container open to the outside air is arranged.
- the publication DE 27 30 119 A1 relates to a multi-pane window with a spacer between individual slices, which is attached with cement, and in which a desiccant element can be inserted.
- Such an insulating glass pane of the type mentioned is generally known in principle from the prior art. It contains the two outer panes, wherein generally a first outer pane is arranged inside a room, a house, a warehouse or generally a building, and a second outer pane is arranged outside the building. Within the two outer panes, a thermally insulating space is arranged. The advantage lies especially in the larger heat and sound insulation.
- the insulating glass pane therefore forms today the common way of glazing.
- the edge seal consists of a hollow profile made of metal or plastic, in which a desiccant for the function of drying the trapped air in the space of the insulating glass is housed. To the outside, an additional seal made of silicone or polysulfide is attached.
- the marginal composite does not assume any static function. Under pressure
- the insulating glass pane behaves statically more or less like two outer panes.
- the previous spacers, as well as the previous sealing materials, are not able to connect the two outer sheaves so far shear-resistant, that the two outer plates can be worn without visible support profiles.
- the present invention seeks to further develop an insulating glass pane of the type mentioned in that the spacing profile works as a shear stiff joint, and that the insulating glass has a self-supporting structure has, so waives visible support profiles for supporting the insulating glass or these can be at least significantly reduced and the outer panes eg due to climatic loads can twist to each other without causing high voltages in the spacing profile and in the adhesive layer.
- the spacer profile has two opposite contact surfaces, which are shear-resistant connected to the outer plates via an adhesive layer, wherein the spacer profile further comprises at least one articulated region which is formed such that the both contact surfaces are at least partially rotated, so as to reduce stresses in the adhesive layer.
- the spacer profile consists of a high-strength plastic material, in particular of a glass fiber reinforced plastic.
- a material is used which has a relatively low thermal conductivity and still has high strengths in an advantageous manner.
- Another advantage lies in the thermal expansion coefficient, which is very similar between glass and glass fiber reinforced plastic. This is important because no or only small additional forces arise here due to different elongation.
- the connection of the spacer profile can be done either by appropriately high-strength adhesive or by high-strength composite films.
- the high-strength adhesive or the high-strength composite film may for example consist of a polymer, for.
- a polymer for.
- ionoplast polymer
- semi-crystalline thermoplastic or other material, which has the required adhesive strength, durability and thermal stability.
- ionoplast polymer offers particularly high strength values.
- a viscoelastic, two-component adhesive based on epoxy resin is used.
- Such adhesives have a tensile shear strength of at least 10 / mm 2 compared to the adhesive surfaces and its modulus of elasticity under short-term loading is greater than 1000 N / mm 2 .
- other adhesives or types of adhesives come into question.
- the spacer profile In order to reduce the tensile stresses to a reasonable level, it is necessary that the spacer profile is designed so that this works as a shear-stiff joint.
- the spacer profile on two opposite contact surfaces which are designed to be relatively uniformly thick, in order to produce as uniform as possible voltage curve in the adhesive layer.
- the spacing profile has at least one articulated region, which is designed such that the two contact surfaces are at least partially rotatable relative to each other.
- the axis of rotation of the joint preferably corresponds to the longitudinal axis of the profile.
- the spacer profile is designed in several parts.
- these regions are adhesively bonded to one another via bonding with a high-strength adhesive.
- the first region and the second region can be connected to one another by at least one mechanical connection part.
- the at least one mechanical connecting part may have a screw, a bolt and / or a terminal strip.
- the distance profile can be rotated as a joint around an axis or a point or as a taper be formed so that the contact surfaces are at least partially rotatable relative to each other.
- the first region and the second region are each formed as a spacer profile element with an L-shaped cross-sectional geometry.
- Each of the spacer profile elements has a first leg and a second leg.
- the two first legs of the spacer profile elements are parallel to one of the two outer panes and are connected shear-resistant with the outer pane.
- the second leg of the first spacer profile element extends parallel to the second leg of the second spacer profile element, and the two second legs are connected at least partially.
- an articulated region is formed in the connection region of the two limbs of each spacer profile element.
- the spacing profile may also be designed so that one or more desiccants are integrated in one or more cavities of the profile.
- each of the desiccants can also be accommodated in an additional desiccant profile. But it can also be installed commercially available spacer profiles with desiccant.
- an additional profile is attached as an intermediate layer between the contact surfaces of the spacer profile and the outer panes with the aid of a transparent adhesive or a transparent film on at least one of the two outer panes.
- thermal insulation may be arranged in the space between the two outer panes at least one further disc or a film for forming a first and second space between the panes.
- a pressure equalization is provided in the case of an insulating glass pane which has two outer panes and one further pane or foil.
- the further disc or foil is at least partially flexible.
- at least one capillary tube which connects a disc space with the outside atmosphere for the purpose of pressure equalization.
- at least one membrane in particular an air-permeable but not water-permeable membrane, is provided in a channel which, for the purpose of pressure equalization, connects a space between the panes to the outside atmosphere.
- the insulating glass pane 1 shown in the drawings consists of at least two outer panes 2, 3 and an edge seal 4, which has a spacing profile 5.
- the spacer profile 5 consists of a high-strength plastic and has two opposite contact surfaces 12. Furthermore, the spacing profile 5 contains at least one recess 14.
- the two contact surfaces 12 are connected to the respective inner sides of the two outer disks 2, 3 in a shear-resistant manner. For this purpose, it is conceivable to provide an adhesive layer 11 which provides this shear-resistant composite between the spacer profile 5 and the outer panes 2, 3.
- a spacer profile 5 is used, which consists of a first region 5a and a second region 5b.
- the two areas 5a, 5b are connected to each other in the assembled state shear-resistant. This is done via a bond 15 with a high-strength adhesive.
- the individual areas 5a, 5b it is possible for the individual areas 5a, 5b to be first glued onto the outer panes 2, 3, the areas 5a, 5b then being connected to one another. This has the advantage that when gluing the areas 5a, 5b, first on the inner surfaces of the outer panes 2, 3, they are accessible from all sides and thus possibly exiting adhesive residues can still be removed.
- the two areas 5a, 5b with each other via a Bonding 15 bonded with a high strength adhesive.
- the areas 5a, 5b can also be mechanically connected to one another with the aid of screws, bolts and / or terminal strips.
- the shear strength of the areas 5a, 5b is achieved either only by the bond 15, but it can also be done by additional mechanical connecting parts 16.
- the depressions 14 present in the regions 5a, 5b can also be used for fastening holding elements.
- each of the desiccant 10 may also be accommodated in an additional desiccant profile 9.
- the desiccant 10 can be held in the desiccant profile 9 via adhesive dots 21.
- commercially available spacer profiles with desiccant 10 can also be installed.
- FIG. 5 Another embodiment shows FIG. 5 , Here, an insulating glass pane 1a with a total of two outer panes 2, 3 and a single pane 22, which is arranged between the outer panes 2, 3, executed. Due to the resulting thicker glass structure, the rigidity of the insulating glass pane is significantly increased again. Next, such a glass structure with two spaces also has thermal advantages.
- the areas 5a, 5b can be carried out with additional webs, which on the one hand increase the rigidity of the insulating glass pane and can also be used as a structural element.
- An insulating glass pane 1b has two outer panes 2, 3, wherein in one of the two outer panes 2, 3 limited space at least one further disc or a film 22, 32, for forming a first and second space between the panes 30, 31 is arranged.
- the further disc or film 22, 32 is at least partially flexible.
- a spacing profile 5, which is arranged between the two outer panes 2, 3, has a first region 26 and a second region 27, which are connected to one another in regions in a shear-resistant manner or connected.
- the first region 26 and the second region 27 of the spacer profile 5 are each designed as spacer profile elements with an L-shaped cross-sectional geometry.
- Each of the spacer profile elements has two legs 26a, 26b; 27a, 27b.
- connection region of the two legs 26a, 26b; 27a, 27b of each Distance profile element is formed in each case a hinged region 13.
- a first leg 26a, 27a of each region 26, 27 runs parallel to one of the two outer disks 2, 3 and is connected to the outer disk 2, 3 in a shear-resistant manner.
- a second leg 26b of the one region 26 runs parallel to a second leg 27b of the other region 27 and is connected thereto at least in one region 28.
- a pressure compensation is provided at least for one of the two disc spaces 30, 31, wherein at least one pressure equalization tube 29, in particular capillary tube is provided, and / or wherein at least one membrane, in particular an air but not water-permeable membrane, is provided in a channel 29 to For purposes of pressure equalization a disc space connects with the outside atmosphere.
- one or more desiccants 10 may be integrated in one or more cavities in the interpane spaces 30, 31 and held over adhesive dots 25.
- the desiccant 10 can also be kept in a desiccant profile 9.
- the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments and can be carried out within the scope of the claims in further embodiments. It should also be noted that the pressure equalization also in the embodiment of FIG. 5 can be used or in an insulating glass pane, which has two outer plates 2, 3 and at least one disc or foil.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Isolierglasscheibe nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1. Demgemäß betrifft die Erfindung insbesondere eine Isolierglasscheibe bestehend aus mindestens zwei Außenscheiben und einem Randverbund, welcher ein Abstandsprofil aufweist.The present invention relates to an insulating glass pane according to the preamble of
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Eine derartige Isolierglasscheibe der eingangs genannten Art ist dem Prinzip nach allgemein aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt. Sie enthält die zwei Außenscheiben, wobei im Allgemeinen eine erste Außenscheibe im Inneren eines Raumes, eines Hauses, einer Lagerhalle oder allgemein eines Gebäudes angeordnet ist und eine zweite Außenscheibe außerhalb des Gebäudes angeordnet sind. Innerhalb der zwei Außenscheiben ist ein thermisch isolierender Zwischenraum angeordnet. Der Vorteil liegt insbesondere im größeren Wärme- und Schallschutz. Die Isolierglasscheibe bildet daher heute die gängige Art und Weise der Verglasung. Im Normalfall besteht der Randverbund aus einem Hohlprofil aus Metall oder Kunststoff, in dem ein Trockenmittel für die Funktion der Trocknung der im Zwischenraum eingeschlossenen Luft der Isolierglasscheibe untergebracht ist. Zur Außenseite hin wird noch eine zusätzliche Abdichtung aus Silikon oder Polysulfid angebracht. Im Allgemeinen übernimmt der Randverbund keine statische Funktion. Bei Belastung verhält sich die Isolierglasscheibe statisch mehr oder weniger wie zwei Außenscheiben. Die bisherigen Abstandshalter, wie auch die bisherigen Abdichtungsmaterialien, sind nicht in der Lage, die beiden Außenscheiben soweit schubfest miteinander zu verbinden, dass die beiden Außenscheiben ohne sichtbare Stützprofile getragen werden können.Such an insulating glass pane of the type mentioned is generally known in principle from the prior art. It contains the two outer panes, wherein generally a first outer pane is arranged inside a room, a house, a warehouse or generally a building, and a second outer pane is arranged outside the building. Within the two outer panes, a thermally insulating space is arranged. The advantage lies especially in the larger heat and sound insulation. The insulating glass pane therefore forms today the common way of glazing. Normally, the edge seal consists of a hollow profile made of metal or plastic, in which a desiccant for the function of drying the trapped air in the space of the insulating glass is housed. To the outside, an additional seal made of silicone or polysulfide is attached. In general, the marginal composite does not assume any static function. Under pressure The insulating glass pane behaves statically more or less like two outer panes. The previous spacers, as well as the previous sealing materials, are not able to connect the two outer sheaves so far shear-resistant, that the two outer plates can be worn without visible support profiles.
Auf Grundlage dieser Problemstellung liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Isolierglasscheibe der eingangs genannten Art dahingehend weiterzubilden, dass das Abstandsprofil als schubsteifes Gelenk funktioniert, und dass die Isolierglasscheibe eine selbst tragende Struktur aufweist, weist, sodass auf sichtbare Stützprofile zum Tragen der Isolierglasscheibe verzichtet oder diese zumindest deutlich reduziert werden können und sich die Außenscheiben z.B. infolge Klimalasten zueindander verdrehen können, ohne dass dadurch im Abstandsprofil und in der Klebeschicht hohe Spannungen entstehen.Based on this problem, the present invention seeks to further develop an insulating glass pane of the type mentioned in that the spacing profile works as a shear stiff joint, and that the insulating glass has a self-supporting structure has, so waives visible support profiles for supporting the insulating glass or these can be at least significantly reduced and the outer panes eg due to climatic loads can twist to each other without causing high voltages in the spacing profile and in the adhesive layer.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch den Gegenstand des unabhängigen Patentanspruches 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.This object is solved by the subject matter of
Zur Lösung der Aufgabe wird vorgeschlagen, dass bei einer Isolierglasscheibe der eingangs genannten Art das Abstandsprofil zwei gegenüberliegende Kontaktflächen aufweist, welche mit den Außenscheiben über eine Klebeschicht schubfest verbunden sind, wobei das Abstandsprofil ferner mindestens einen gelenkigen Bereich aufweist, welcher derart ausgebildet ist, dass die beiden Kontaktflächen zumindest teilweise verdrehbar sind, um somit Spannungen in der Klebeschicht zu reduzieren.To solve the problem it is proposed that in an insulating glass pane of the type mentioned, the spacer profile has two opposite contact surfaces, which are shear-resistant connected to the outer plates via an adhesive layer, wherein the spacer profile further comprises at least one articulated region which is formed such that the both contact surfaces are at least partially rotated, so as to reduce stresses in the adhesive layer.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Isolierglasscheibe mit den Merkmalen des kennzeichnenden Teils der unabhängigen Ansprüche 1 und 4 gelöst.This object is achieved by an insulating glass with the features of the characterizing part of the
Die mit der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung erzielbaren Vorteile liegen auf der Hand. Das Abstandsprofil besteht aus einem hochfesten Kunststoffmaterial, insbesondere aus einem glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoff. Dadurch wird in vorteilhafter Weise ein Material verwendet, welches einen relativ kleinen Wärmeleitwert besitzt und trotzdem über hohe Festigkeiten verfügt. Ein weiterer Vorteil liegt im Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten, dieser ist zwischen Glas und glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff sehr ähnlich. Dies ist wichtig, da hier dann keine bzw. nur geringe zusätzlichen Kräfte aufgrund unterschiedlicher Längendehnung entstehen.The achievable with the inventive solution advantages are obvious. The spacer profile consists of a high-strength plastic material, in particular of a glass fiber reinforced plastic. As a result, a material is used which has a relatively low thermal conductivity and still has high strengths in an advantageous manner. Another advantage lies in the thermal expansion coefficient, which is very similar between glass and glass fiber reinforced plastic. This is important because no or only small additional forces arise here due to different elongation.
Die Anbindung des Abstandsprofils kann entweder durch entsprechend hochfeste Kleber erfolgen oder durch hochfeste Verbundfolien. Der hochfeste Kleber oder die hochfeste Verbundfolie kann beispielsweise aus einem Polymer, z. B. Polyvinylbutyral, Ionoplast (Polymer), teilkristallinem Thermoplast oder einem anderen Material bestehen, welches die erforderliche Klebefestigkeit, Dauerhaftigkeit und Wärmestabilität hat. Besonders das Ionoplast Polymer bietet hier besonders hohe Festigkeitswerte. Durch den Verbund des Abstandsprofils mit den Außenscheiben kann hier ein nahezu monolithisches Tragverhalten des Randbereiches erreicht werden. Obwohl bereits einige hochfeste Kleber für den Fassadenbereich zur Verfügung stehen, ist eine Verklebung im Randbereich nur möglich, wenn die dort verwendeten Profile an diese speziellen Anforderungen angepasst sind.The connection of the spacer profile can be done either by appropriately high-strength adhesive or by high-strength composite films. The high-strength adhesive or the high-strength composite film may for example consist of a polymer, for. As polyvinyl butyral, ionoplast (polymer), semi-crystalline thermoplastic or other material, which has the required adhesive strength, durability and thermal stability. Especially the ionoplast polymer offers particularly high strength values. By combining the distance profile with the outer panes, a nearly monolithic load-bearing behavior of the edge area can be achieved here. Although some high-strength adhesives are already available for the façade area, gluing in the edge area is only possible if the profiles used there are adapted to these special requirements.
Im Randbereich der Scheiben entstehen besonders aufgrund der Klimalasten starke Winkelveränderungen an den Kontaktflächen. Je nach Steifigkeit der Kleber und des Abstands profils führt das zu mehr oder weniger starken Einspannungen, und damit zu hohen Zugspannungen an den Rändern der Verklebungen, welche zu einer Überbelastung der Verklebung führen können.In the edge region of the panes, particularly due to the climatic loads, strong angle changes occur at the contact surfaces. Depending on the stiffness of the adhesive and the distance profile leads to more or less strong restraints, and thus high tensile stresses at the edges of the bonds, which can lead to an overload of the bond.
In einer möglichen Realisierung der erfinderischen Lösung kommt ein zähelastischer Zweikomponenten-Klebstoff auf Expoxidharzbasis zum Einsatz. Derartige Klebstoffe weisen gegenüber den Klebeoberflächen eine Zugscherfestigkeit von mindestens 10/mm2 auf und sein E-Modul unter kurzzeitiger Belastung ist größer als 1000 N/mm2. Selbstverständlich kommen aber auch andere Klebstoffe oder Klebstofftypen in Frage.In one possible implementation of the inventive solution, a viscoelastic, two-component adhesive based on epoxy resin is used. Such adhesives have a tensile shear strength of at least 10 / mm 2 compared to the adhesive surfaces and its modulus of elasticity under short-term loading is greater than 1000 N / mm 2 . Of course, other adhesives or types of adhesives come into question.
Um hier die Zugspannungen auf ein vernünftiges Maß zu reduzieren, ist es notwendig, dass das Abstandsprofil so gestaltet wird, dass dieses als schubsteifes Gelenk funktioniert. Dabei weist das Abstandsprofil zwei gegenüberliegende Kontaktflächen auf, welche relativ gleichmäßig dick ausgeführt sind, um dort einen möglichst gleichmäßigen Spannungsverlauf in der Klebeschicht zu erzeugen. Des Weiteren weist das Abstandsprofil mindestens einen gelenkigen Bereich auf, welcher derart ausgebildet ist, dass die beiden Kontaktflächen relativ zueinander zumindest teilweise verdrehbar sind. Die Drehachse des Gelenkes entspricht dabei vorzugsweise der Längsachse des Profils. Durch die Gelenkigkeit wird ermöglicht, dass sich die Außenscheiben z.B. infolge von Klimalasten zueinander verdrehen können, ohne dass dadurch hohe Spannungen im Abstandsprofil und in der Klebeschicht entstehen. Im Bereich des Gelenkes treten dann erfahrungsgemäß die höchsten Spannungen auf. Das vorgeschlagene Material des Abstandsprofils kann diese Spannungen problemlos aufnehmen. Durch diese Anordnung wird erreicht, dass sich im Bereich der Kontaktflächen die Spannungen verringern und dadurch die Belastung des Klebstoffes reduziert wird.In order to reduce the tensile stresses to a reasonable level, it is necessary that the spacer profile is designed so that this works as a shear-stiff joint. In this case, the spacer profile on two opposite contact surfaces, which are designed to be relatively uniformly thick, in order to produce as uniform as possible voltage curve in the adhesive layer. Furthermore, the spacing profile has at least one articulated region, which is designed such that the two contact surfaces are at least partially rotatable relative to each other. The axis of rotation of the joint preferably corresponds to the longitudinal axis of the profile. By the flexibility, it is possible that the outer plates, e.g. due to climate loads can rotate to each other without causing high voltages in the spacer profile and in the adhesive layer. Experience shows that the highest stresses occur in the region of the joint. The proposed material of the spacer profile can easily absorb these stresses. By means of this arrangement it is achieved that the stresses in the area of the contact surfaces are reduced, thereby reducing the load on the adhesive.
Das Abstandsprofil ist mehrteilig ausgebildet. Beim zweiteiligen Abstandsprofil, bestehend aus einem ersten Bereich und einem zweiten Bereich, sind diese Bereiche über eine Verklebung mit einem hochfesten Kleber miteinander verklebt. Alternativ oder zusätzlich können der erste Bereich und der zweite Bereich durch mindestens ein mechanisches Verbindungsteil miteinander verbunden sein. Hierbei kann das mindestens eine mechanische Verbindungsteil eine Schraube, einen Bolzen und/oder eine Klemmleiste aufweisen. Das Abstandsprofil kann als Gelenk verdrehbar um eine Achse oder einen Punkt oder als Verjüngung ausgebildet sein, sodass die Kontaktflächen relativ zueinander zumindest teilweise verdrehbar sind.The spacer profile is designed in several parts. In the case of the two-part spacer profile, consisting of a first region and a second region, these regions are adhesively bonded to one another via bonding with a high-strength adhesive. Alternatively or additionally, the first region and the second region can be connected to one another by at least one mechanical connection part. In this case, the at least one mechanical connecting part may have a screw, a bolt and / or a terminal strip. The distance profile can be rotated as a joint around an axis or a point or as a taper be formed so that the contact surfaces are at least partially rotatable relative to each other.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind der erste Bereich und der zweite Bereich jeweils als Abstandsprofilelement mit einer L-förmigen Querschnittsgeometrie ausgebildet. Jedes der Abstandsprofilelemente weist einen ersten Schenkel und einen zweiten Schenkel auf. Die beiden ersten Schenkel der Abstandsprofilelemente verlaufen parallel zu einer der beiden Außenscheiben und sind mit der Außenscheibe schubfest verbunden. Der zweite Schenkel des ersten Abstandsprofilelementes verläuft parallel zu dem zweiten Schenkel des zweiten Abstandsprofilelementes, und die beiden zweiten Schenkel sind zumindest bereichsweise verbunden. In dem Verbindungsbereich der beiden Schenkel eines jeden Abstandsprofilelements ist jeweils ein gelenkiger Bereich gebildet.In a preferred embodiment, the first region and the second region are each formed as a spacer profile element with an L-shaped cross-sectional geometry. Each of the spacer profile elements has a first leg and a second leg. The two first legs of the spacer profile elements are parallel to one of the two outer panes and are connected shear-resistant with the outer pane. The second leg of the first spacer profile element extends parallel to the second leg of the second spacer profile element, and the two second legs are connected at least partially. In each case an articulated region is formed in the connection region of the two limbs of each spacer profile element.
Das Abstandsprofil kann weiterhin so gestaltet sein, dass ein oder mehrere Trockenmittel in einem oder mehreren Hohlräumen des Profils integriert sind. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform kann jedes der Trockenmittel auch in einem zusätzlichen Trockenmittelprofil untergebracht sein. Es können aber auch handelsübliche Abstandsprofile mit Trockenmittel verbaut werden.The spacing profile may also be designed so that one or more desiccants are integrated in one or more cavities of the profile. In a further embodiment, each of the desiccants can also be accommodated in an additional desiccant profile. But it can also be installed commercially available spacer profiles with desiccant.
Vorzugsweise ist ein zusätzliches Profil als Zwischenlage zwischen den Kontaktflächen des Abstandsprofils und den Außenscheiben mit Hilfe eines transparenten Klebers oder einer transparenten Folie an mindestens einer der beiden Außenscheiben befestigt.Preferably, an additional profile is attached as an intermediate layer between the contact surfaces of the spacer profile and the outer panes with the aid of a transparent adhesive or a transparent film on at least one of the two outer panes.
Zur erhöhten Wärmedämmung kann im Zwischenraum zwischen den beiden Außenscheiben mindestens eine weitere Scheibe oder eine Folie angeordnet sein zum Ausbilden eines ersten und zweiten Scheibenzwischenraumes.For increased thermal insulation may be arranged in the space between the two outer panes at least one further disc or a film for forming a first and second space between the panes.
Weiterhin ist es denkbar, dass bei einer Isolierglasscheibe, welche zwei Außenscheiben und eine weitere Scheibe oder Folie aufweist, ein Druckausgleich vorgesehen ist. Dabei ist die weitere Scheibe oder Folie zumindest bereichsweise flexibel ausgebildet. In einer möglichen Realisierung des Druckausgleiches ist mindestens ein Kapillarröhrchen vorgesehen, welche zum Zwecke des Druckausgleiches einen Scheibenzwischenraum mit der Außenatmosphäre verbindet. Alternativ oder zusätzlich hierzu ist es denkbar, dass mindestens eine Membran, insbesondere eine luft- aber nicht wasserdurchlässige Membran, in einem Kanal vorgesehen ist der zum Zwecke des Druckausgleiches einen Scheibenzwischenraum mit der Außenatmosphäre verbindet.Furthermore, it is conceivable that in the case of an insulating glass pane which has two outer panes and one further pane or foil, a pressure equalization is provided. In this case, the further disc or foil is at least partially flexible. In a possible realization of the pressure compensation is provided at least one capillary tube, which connects a disc space with the outside atmosphere for the purpose of pressure equalization. Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable that at least one membrane, in particular an air-permeable but not water-permeable membrane, is provided in a channel which, for the purpose of pressure equalization, connects a space between the panes to the outside atmosphere.
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von exemplarischen Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine Querschnittsansicht auf den Randbereich einer nicht als Erfindung beanspruchten Isolierglasscheibe, wobei der Druck im Zwischenraum zwischen den beiden Außenscheiben im Wesentlichen identisch mit dem Außendruck ist;
- Fig. 2
- die in
dargestellte Ausführungsform bei Belastung des Scheibenzwischenraums aufgrund der Klimalast;Figur 1 - Fig. 3
- eine Querschnittsansicht auf einen Randbereich einer Isolierglasscheibe gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung;
- Fig. 4
- eine Querschnittsansicht auf den Randbereich einer Isolierglasscheibe gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung;
- Fig. 5
- eine Querschnittsansicht auf den Randbereich einer Isolierglasscheibe gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung; und
- Fig. 6
- eine Querschnittsansicht auf den Randbereich einer Isolierglasscheibe gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung.
- Fig. 1
- a cross-sectional view of the edge region of a claimed not invention claimed insulating glass pane, wherein the pressure in the space between the two outer panes is substantially identical to the external pressure;
- Fig. 2
- in the
FIG. 1 illustrated embodiment under load of the space between the panes due to the climatic load; - Fig. 3
- a cross-sectional view of an edge region of an insulating glass pane according to an embodiment of the invention;
- Fig. 4
- a cross-sectional view of the edge region of an insulating glass pane according to another embodiment of the invention;
- Fig. 5
- a cross-sectional view of the edge region of an insulating glass pane according to another embodiment of the invention; and
- Fig. 6
- a cross-sectional view of the edge region of an insulating glass pane according to another embodiment of the invention.
Die in den Zeichnungen gezeigte Isolierglasscheibe 1 besteht aus mindestens zwei Außenscheiben 2, 3 und einem Randverbund 4, welcher ein Abstandsprofil 5 aufweist. Das Abstandsprofil 5 besteht aus einem hochfesten Kunststoff und weist zwei gegenüberliegende Kontaktflächen 12 auf. Ferner enthält das Abstandsprofil 5 mindestens eine Vertiefung 14. Die beiden Kontaktflächen 12 sind mit den jeweiligen Innenseiten der beiden Außenscheiben 2, 3 schubfest verbunden. Hierzu ist es denkbar, eine Klebeschicht 11 vorzusehen, die diesen schubfesten Verbund zwischen dem Abstandsprofil 5 und den Außenscheiben 2, 3 bereitstellt.The insulating
Erhöht sich der Druck im Zwischenraum zwischen den Außenscheiben 2, 3, beispielsweise aufgrund von Erwärmung durch Sonneneinstrahlung, verdrehen sich - wie es insbesondere der Darstellung in
Bei der in den
Bei der in den
Bei einer normalen Isolierglasscheibe wird bewusst der Scheibenzwischenraum hermetisch abgedichtet. Die Luft bzw. das Gas im Scheibenzwischenraum wird durch spezielles Trockenmittel 10 möglichst trocken gehalten. Das ist notwendig, damit bei Temperaturwechsel, insbesondere wenn die Außenscheibe nach draußen hin abkühlt, keine Kondensation auf der Innenseite stattfindet. Das Abstandsprofil 5 kann weiterhin so gestaltet sein, dass ein oder mehrere Trockenmittel 10 in einem oder mehreren Hohlräumen des Abstandsprofils 5 integriert sind. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform kann jedes der Trockenmittel 10 auch in einem zusätzlichen Trockenmittelprofil 9 untergebracht sein. Das Trockenmittel 10 kann über Klebepunkte 21 in dem Trockenmittelprofil 9 gehalten werden. Es können aber auch handelsübliche Abstandsprofile mit Trockenmittel 10 verbaut werden. In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung (
Für verschiedene Anwendungen wäre es jedoch wünschenswert, wenn der sichtbare Bereich des Randverbundes 4 auch in unterschiedlichen Farben oder Strukturen ausgeführt werden könnte. Dies wird folgendermaßen ausgeführt:
Zwischen dem Abstandsprofil 5, bzw. den Bereichen 5a, 5b, 2, 3 wird ein zusätzliches flachesund den Außenscheiben Profil 19 mittels eines transparenten Klebers 20 aufgeklebt.Das Profil 19 kann mit einer oder mehreren Umkantungen ausgeführt sein. Dadurch werden die Optik und die Handhabung des Profils 19 verbessert.Das Profil 19 kann aus verschiedenen Materialien hergestellt sein, oder es kann in allen erdenklichen Farben ausgeführt werden. Durch den transparenten Kleber 20 ist das Material bzw. dessen Farbe durch die 2, 3 hindurch sichtbar. Der transparente Kleber 20 des zusätzlichen Profils 19 anAußenscheiben 2, 3 kann als transparenter UV- oder zwei-komponentiger Kleber ausgeführt sein. Die Dicke des zusätzlichen Profils 19 wird in Abhängigkeit des verwendeten Materials so gewählt, dass die auftretenden Spannungen aufgrund von unterschiedlichen Wärmedehnungen möglichst gering sind und durch die Verklebung aufgenommen werden können.den Außenscheiben
- Between the
spacer profile 5, or the areas 5a, 5b, and the 2, 3, an additionalouter panes flat profile 19 is glued by means of a transparent adhesive 20. Theprofile 19 can be executed with one or more folds be. As a result, the appearance and the handling of theprofile 19 are improved. Theprofile 19 can be made of different materials or it can be made in any imaginable color. Through the transparent adhesive 20, the material or its color through the 2, 3 is visible. The transparent adhesive 20 of theouter plates additional profile 19 on the 2, 3 can be designed as a transparent UV or two-component adhesive. The thickness of theouter panes additional profile 19 is chosen as a function of the material used so that the stresses occurring due to different thermal expansion are as small as possible and can be absorbed by the bond.
Eine weitere Ausführungsform zeigt
Eine weitere Ausführungsform zeigt
Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die beispielhaften Ausführungsformen beschränkt und kann im Rahmen der Ansprüche in weiteren Ausgestaltungen ausgeführt werden. Ferner sei angemerkt, dass der Druckausgleich ebenfalls in der Ausführung der
Claims (17)
- Insulating glass unit (1) consisting of at least two outer panes (2, 3) and an edge connection (4), which has a spacer profile (5) made of plastic with two opposed contact faces (12) which are of approximately uniform thickness, are parallel to one another and are connected in a shear-resistant manner to the outer panes (2, 3) via an adhesive layer (11),
wherein the plastic of the spacer profile (5) is a high-strength plastic;
and wherein the spacer profile (5) has a first region (5a, 26) and a second region (5b, 27),
which are connected to one another in a shear-resistant manner,
wherein the shear-resistant connection includes that the first region (5a, 26) and the second region (5b, 27) are adhesively bonded to one another by way of an adhesive bond (15, 28) with a high-strength adhesive,
wherein the spacer profile has a recess in each case in the first region (5a, 26) and in the second region (5b, 27);
characterized
in that the spacer profile has two articulated regions (13), which are designed in such a manner that the two contact faces (12) can be at least partially twisted, in order to thus reduce stresses in the adhesive layer (11), and in that the articulated regions (13) are designed in the form of constrictions by the two recesses (14). - Insulating glass unit (1) according to Claim 1,
wherein the first region (5a, 26) and the second region (5b, 27) are connected to one another with the aid of at least one mechanical connecting part (16), in particular are connected to one another in a positive-locking manner. - Insulating glass unit (1) according to Claim 2,
wherein the at least one mechanical connecting part (16) has a screw, a pin and/or a clamping strip. - Insulating glass unit (1) consisting of at least two outer panes (2, 3) and an edge connection (4), which has a spacer profile (5) made of plastic with two opposed contact faces (12) which are of approximately uniform thickness, are parallel to one another and are connected in a shear-resistant manner to the outer panes (2, 3) via an adhesive layer (11),
wherein the plastic of the spacer profile (5) is a high-strength plastic;
wherein the spacer profile (5) furthermore has at least one articulated region (13), which is designed in such a manner that the two contact faces (12) can be at least partially twisted, in order to thus reduce stresses in the adhesive layer (11),
wherein the spacer profile (5) has a first region (5a, 26) and a second region (5b, 27), which are or can be connected to one another in a shear-resistant manner,
characterized
in that the first region (26) and the second region (27) are each designed as profiled spacer elements with an L-shaped cross-sectional geometry,
and in that each of the profiled spacer elements has two legs (26a, 26b; 27a, 27b),
and in that an articulated region (13) is in each case formed in a connecting region of the two legs (26a, 26b; 27a, 27b) of each profiled spacer element. - Insulating glass unit (1) according to Claim 4,
wherein a first leg (26a, 27a) of each region (26, 27) runs parallel to one of the two outer panes (2, 3) and is connected in a shear-resistant manner to the outer pane (2, 3). - Insulating glass unit (1) according to either of Claims 4 and 5,
wherein a second leg (26b) of one region (26) runs parallel to a second leg (27b) of the other region (27) and is connected thereto at least in certain regions. - Insulating glass unit (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
wherein at least one further pane or a sheet (22, 32) is arranged in an interspace delimited by the two outer panes (2, 3) for forming a first and second pane gap (30, 31). - Insulating glass unit (1) according to Claim 7,
wherein the further pane or sheet (22, 32) is designed to be flexible at least in certain regions. - Insulating glass unit (1) according to Claim 7 or 8,
wherein a pressure-equalizing means is provided for at least one of the two pane gaps (30, 31). - Insulating glass unit (1) according to Claim 9,
wherein at least one pressure-equalizing tube (29), in particular a capillary tube, is provided, and connects a pane gap (30, 31) to the external atmosphere for the purpose of pressure equalization. - Insulating glass unit (1) according to Claim 9 or 10,
wherein at least one membrane, in particular an air-permeable but not water-permeable membrane, is provided in a duct (29), and connects a pane gap (30, 31) to the external atmosphere for the purpose of pressure equalization. - Insulating glass unit (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
wherein the contact faces (12) of the spacer profile (5) are adhesively bonded to the outer panes (2, 3) with a shear-resistant two-component adhesive. - Insulating glass unit (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 11,
wherein the contact faces (12) of the spacer profile (5) are adhesively bonded to the outer panes (2, 3) with a shear-resistant ionoplast polymer. - Insulating glass unit (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
wherein the spacer profile (5) is made of a high-strength, glass-fibre-reinforced plastic. - Insulating glass unit (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
wherein the axis of rotation of the articulated region (13) runs parallel to the longitudinal axis of the spacer profile (5). - Insulating glass unit (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
wherein provision is furthermore made of a desiccant (10), which is arranged in a hollow space in the interior of the spacer profile (5) or adjoining the spacer profile (5). - Insulating glass unit (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
wherein an additional profile (19) is fastened, as an interlayer between the contact faces (12) of the spacer profile (5) and the outer panes (2, 3), to at least one of the two outer panes (2, 3) with the aid of a transparent adhesive (20) or a transparent film.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102008033249A DE102008033249A1 (en) | 2008-07-15 | 2008-07-15 | insulating glass pane |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2146039A2 EP2146039A2 (en) | 2010-01-20 |
EP2146039A3 EP2146039A3 (en) | 2010-10-13 |
EP2146039B1 true EP2146039B1 (en) | 2013-03-13 |
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Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP09162912A Active EP2146040B1 (en) | 2008-07-15 | 2009-06-17 | Insulating glass pane |
EP09162908A Active EP2146039B1 (en) | 2008-07-15 | 2009-06-17 | Insulating glass pane |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP09162912A Active EP2146040B1 (en) | 2008-07-15 | 2009-06-17 | Insulating glass pane |
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EP (2) | EP2146040B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102008033249A1 (en) |
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CA2397159A1 (en) * | 2001-08-09 | 2003-02-09 | Edgetech I.G., Inc. | Spacer assembly for insulating glazing units and method of making the same |
US6989188B2 (en) * | 2003-11-07 | 2006-01-24 | Technoform Caprano Und Brunnhofer Gmbh & Co. Kd | Spacer profiles for double glazings |
DE10356216A1 (en) * | 2003-12-02 | 2005-07-14 | Usd Formteiltechnik Gmbh | insulating glass unit |
EP1774129A1 (en) * | 2004-08-04 | 2007-04-18 | Technoform Caprano + Brunnhofer GmbH & Co. KG | Blank for spacer for insulating window unit, spacer for insulating window unit, insulating window unit and method for manufacturing a spacer |
EP1797271B1 (en) * | 2004-09-09 | 2009-11-11 | Technoform Caprano + Brunnhofer GmbH & Co. KG | Spacer profile for a spacer frame for an insulating window unit and insulating window unit |
MX2008001677A (en) * | 2005-08-01 | 2008-04-07 | Technoform Caprano Brunnhofer | Spacer arrangement with fusable connector for insulating glass units. |
DE202006000835U1 (en) | 2006-01-19 | 2006-04-06 | Seele Gmbh & Co. Kg | Edge seal for window with multiple glass panes, has spacer formed of reinforced plastics material attached to glass around edges with adhesive or films of selected polymer |
WO2008028128A1 (en) * | 2006-09-01 | 2008-03-06 | Pleotint, L.L.C. | Ligand exchange thermochromic, (letc), systems |
-
2008
- 2008-07-15 DE DE102008033249A patent/DE102008033249A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2009
- 2009-06-17 EP EP09162912A patent/EP2146040B1/en active Active
- 2009-06-17 EP EP09162908A patent/EP2146039B1/en active Active
- 2009-06-17 US US12/486,080 patent/US20100011703A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2743986C1 (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2021-03-01 | Сэн-Гобэн Гласс Франс | Insulating double-glazed unit containing unit for equalizing the pressure with membrane and capillary |
US11174670B2 (en) | 2017-12-07 | 2021-11-16 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Insulating glazing comprising a pressure equalization body with a membrane and a capillary |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2146040A3 (en) | 2010-10-13 |
EP2146040B1 (en) | 2012-09-19 |
US20100011703A1 (en) | 2010-01-21 |
EP2146039A3 (en) | 2010-10-13 |
DE102008033249A1 (en) | 2010-01-21 |
EP2146039A2 (en) | 2010-01-20 |
EP2146040A2 (en) | 2010-01-20 |
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