EP2140976A1 - Impact wrench - Google Patents
Impact wrench Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2140976A1 EP2140976A1 EP08011816A EP08011816A EP2140976A1 EP 2140976 A1 EP2140976 A1 EP 2140976A1 EP 08011816 A EP08011816 A EP 08011816A EP 08011816 A EP08011816 A EP 08011816A EP 2140976 A1 EP2140976 A1 EP 2140976A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- impact
- hammer
- drive shaft
- actuating means
- impact wrench
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000009527 percussion Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003534 oscillatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B21/00—Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose
- B25B21/02—Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose with means for imparting impact to screwdriver blade or nut socket
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B21/00—Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B21/00—Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose
- B25B21/02—Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose with means for imparting impact to screwdriver blade or nut socket
- B25B21/026—Impact clutches
Definitions
- the invention relates to an impact wrench for screwing and drilling with a rotary impact mechanism wherein such impact wrench are used inter alia to produce or solve high-strength threaded connections.
- Impact wrenches have been known in the art for many years, the function of the rotary impact mechanism being based on the idea of temporarily storing the drive energy of an engine and periodically applying it to an output shaft within a very short working phase. These periodically emitted angular momentum produce a significantly higher resulting depending on the pulse duration Drive torque as possible with a constant torque curve. From the drive side, the system receives kinetic energy in the form of torque and speed, which is cached in an assembly, for example in a spring or a rotating mass.
- the storage process takes each time until a control mechanism ensures that the stored energy is delivered via a hammer on an anvil.
- a control mechanism ensures that the stored energy is delivered via a hammer on an anvil.
- both the anvil and the hammer of the impact mechanism on impact jaws wherein the hammer comprises a flywheel, which is formed by the massive part of the hammer, which is accelerated by this mass, the kinetic energy is transferred to the anvil.
- the anvil is in a rotationally fixed connection to the output, so also for screwing.
- the control mechanism provides for the time-limited delivery of energy to the anvil, so that the compound dissolves again when the stored energy is released.
- phase 1 the energy is collected and stored and in phase 2 the stored energy is released again.
- the energy stored in phase 1 is determined by the input quantities of torque, speed and stroke rate. The higher the stroke rate, the shorter Phase 1 is in terms of time and the less energy can be stored, because the engine can only apply a given torque and thus the duration of the storage process is crucial.
- the second phase also decides the duration of the energy tax. If the stored energy is delivered to the output in a shorter time, ie the duration of the stroke is shorter, the resulting torque peak will be higher than with a longer duration of the stroke.
- the typical torque curve of an impact wrench is created by temporarily storing energy over a longer period of time, which is delivered abruptly to the output in a very short period of time.
- An impact wrench is for example in the DE 43 01 610 A1 described above.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide an actuating means for switching on and off of the impact mechanism, which has an alternative constructive solution and at the same time enables a particularly simple switching between an operating mode with and a mode with the impact mechanism switched off.
- an impact wrench with the features of claim 1, namely a Impact wrench with a drive motor for driving a drive shaft and a coupled with a tool holder output shaft and a percussion mechanism, wherein the percussion includes an output shaft coupled to the anvil and a hammer which is guided on the drive shaft and rotates with this non-stop rotation and relative to the drive shaft in the case of impact performs at least a limited rotational movement, wherein an actuating means is provided for switching the percussion between a mode with and a mode with switched-off percussion, wherein the actuating means with activated percussion in a first position in a rotationally fixed engagement with the drive shaft or the hammer or without engagement with one of the two components, hammer or drive shaft, is and with the impact mechanism switched off in a second position in a rotationally fixed engagement with the hammer and drive shaft, wherein the actuating means for scarf th is axially movable.
- Such an impact wrench is suitable in addition to the screws for drilling.
- a transition to impact mode then takes place automatically when the percussion mechanism is activated, with the anvil and the hammer, with their percussion jaws, being arranged on hammer and anvil faces facing one another in percussive operation, against one another no longer permanently, as in the screw, abut, but are separated from each other during energy storage, and then in the energy discharge and thus the impact in the circumferential direction collide against each other and so to provide a momentarily greater torque.
- the hammer can perform an axial movement relative to the drive shaft in case of impact in addition to the relative rotation to the drive shaft.
- the axial movement can be oscillating.
- the drive shaft connected by axial displacement of the actuating means with the hammer.
- the actuating means is coupled in a first position only with the drive shaft or the hammer or is engaged with the two and in a second position hammer and drive shaft are coupled together so that there is no relative rotation between them and thus also in the axial direction oscillatory motion is prevented. In this way, no energy storage and no overlapping of the impact jaws.
- the actuating means with the hammer and the drive shaft If the actuating means with the hammer and the drive shaft is engaged, it blocks the rotational relative movement between the hammer and the drive shaft, which allows the impact function in addition to the axial relative movement.
- Such a configuration with an axially displaceable actuating means, in a first position and mode either without engagement or in engagement is only with drive shaft or hammer and is in a second mode with switched Schlagwerk in engagement with the hammer and drive shaft, manufacturing technology is particularly easy to implement, being particularly preferred that the switching operation can be done independently of the relative angle of the components hammer and drive shaft to each other.
- This switching independently of the relative arrangement of the two components to one another can be achieved by the design of the impact mechanism, for example as V-Nutenschlagwerk that always has the same position of hammer and drive shaft to each other at a standstill, but it can also be achieved by the actuating means is designed accordingly.
- an axially displaceable adjusting ring or an axially displaceable pin wherein the adjusting ring may in particular have one or more grooves or ribs, which are engageable with grooves or ribs in the drive shaft and / or the hammer and along the Nutlnaturesraum, which runs in the axial direction, can be moved.
- spirally arranged grooves via which a rotationally-axially displaceable actuating means in engagement with one or both of the components can be brought.
- the actuating means can be actuated via a slide switch but also via a rotational movement on a ring in an axial-rotational movement.
- a rotary handle may be provided which allows a corresponding guide a translational movement or a coupled translationally rotational movement of the actuating element.
- actuating the actuating means a protruding through a housing opening slide switch is provided, which is connected to the adjusting ring, wherein the slide switch is guided in particular in a circumferential groove around the adjusting ring and rotates in the groove around the adjusting ring, if the adjusting ring rotates with the drive shaft.
- the impact mechanism is designed as a V-groove impact mechanism, wherein the hammer performs an axially oscillatory rotational movement with respect to the drive shaft in case of impact.
- an axial oscillatory movement is to be understood here that the hammer in case of impact, both an axial relative movement, wherein the hammer on the drive shaft alternately axially toward the drive-side end of the drive shaft and the output side end of the drive shaft is reciprocated in a groove , wherein the groove is V-shaped and performs the tip of the V in the direction of the output side of the shaft, wherein caused by the axial movement due to the V-shape of the grooves at the same time also a relative rotational movement of the hammer to the drive shaft.
- the hammer can be guided over a ball guide in the V-grooves, wherein preferably two V-grooves are arranged diametrically opposite to the drive shaft.
- a V-groove striking mechanism works as follows: Before an impact event occurs, the anvil turns over its impact jaws which abut against the hammer's jaws, together with the hammer and the drive shaft without any relative movement between the individual components. When concerns a larger torque, it now comes from the fact that this torque is not due to the normal torque of the impact wrench can be applied between anvil and hammer to decouple the impact jaws. The rotation of the drive shaft, which is transferred to the hammer and the counter-support of the anvil, causes the hammer to move on the drive shaft in the V-grooves.
- the hammer By providing the V-grooves, the hammer is moved away from the anvil at the same time as the rotation relative to the drive shaft in the axial direction, and it comes to a catch in the axial direction of the impact jaws of the hammer and the anvil.
- the hammer By releasing the hammer from the anvil, the hammer can move freely in a rotational direction and is accelerated by the stored energy, which is stored in a spring by the axial movement of the hammer in the drive direction until it is at the end of its rotational movement and axial movement against striking the impact jaws of the anvil with its impact jaws and so performs a blow in the circumferential direction, which leads to a further tightening or loosening of the machined bfalls. After impact the tensioning of the percussion mechanism takes place by axial and radial movement of the hammer again.
- a groove or a rib are provided, wherein generally also a plurality of circumferentially distributed grooves or ribs may be provided, which cooperate with a corresponding rib or groove of the actuating means.
- actuating means if it is a sleeve or a ring, a toothing be mounted, which cooperates with a corresponding toothing on the outer circumference of the drive shaft and hammer.
- the hammer consists of a separate flywheel and a separate control part, wherein the control part interacts with the anvil in case of impact and the flywheel and the control part rotatably, but are axially connected to each other movable.
- the control part In Providence of a V-groove impacting particular only the control part is axially movable relative to the drive shaft.
- a torque adjustment is realized, which takes place in particular via variations of the biasing force of the spring of the V-groove impaction.
- the impact wrench is a cordless wrench, with cordless tools generally having the advantage of being easier to use at any location and even in difficult applications.
- the impact function is particularly advantageous in cordless tools, since in devices with direct electrical connection, the torque design can be such that higher Torques can be achieved so that, if necessary, can be worked without an additional impact function.
- FIG. 1 shows a striking mechanism of an impact wrench comprising an output shaft 10 which is connectable at its output end 12 with a tool, in particular a screwdriver and at its drive end has an anvil 14 having two impact jaws 16 which are formed diametrically opposite each other in the radial direction wherein the striking surfaces are substantially radially extending surfaces.
- the rectangular impact jaws 16 of the anvil 14 cooperate with cake-piece-like impact jaws 18 of a hammer 20, wherein the impact jaws 18 of the hammer 20 have striking surfaces which face the striking surfaces of the striking jaws 16 of the anvil 14 against each other issue.
- the hammer 20 forms on the one hand a flywheel and serves as another control means for the control of a beating process.
- the percussion includes a collar 22 as an actuating means 23 having a circumferential groove 24 in which a slide switch 26 is guided, which passes through an opening in a housing of the impact wrench, wherein by movement of the slide switch 26 in the axial direction 28 there is a shift the adjusting ring 22 comes in the axial direction, wherein the adjusting ring 22 is coaxial with the output shaft 10 and the drive shaft 30 and the drive shaft 30 and the hammer 20 at least partially and at least partially surrounds.
- a groove 32 is formed in the hammer 20, in which a rib 34 of the adjusting ring 22 engages, and so ensures a positive connection between the adjusting ring 22 and hammer 20.
- FIG. 2 now shows an exploded view of the striking mechanism, in which case the adjusting ring 22 has been removed.
- the adjusting ring 22 has two diametrically opposed ribs 34, each engaging in a groove 32 of the hammer 20, wherein also in the drive shaft 30 in an integrally connected to the drive shaft 30 flange 36 grooves 38 are provided, in which also the ribs 34 can intervene.
- the drive shaft 30 is in this case coupled with its drive-side end 40 with a drive motor, in particular a planetary gear (not shown) between the drive motor and the drive shaft 30 can be interposed to translate the speed of the drive motor and to vary.
- a spring 42 is provided, which cooperates with its output end with the hammer 20 and with its drive-side end 44 bears against the flange 36 of the drive shaft 30.
- FIG. 3 now shows the drive shaft 30 with the flange 36 and the grooves 38 and another flange 46 for connection to a transmission or the drive motor, wherein in the drive shaft 30, two V-shaped grooves 48 are provided at the output end 50 of the drive shaft 30 and the V -shaped groove for controlling the axial oscillatory rotational movement of the hammer 20 relative to the drive shaft 30 is used.
- the two V-grooves 48 are arranged opposite one another. In the grooves 48 of the hammer 20 via ball guides (not shown) out.
- the hammer 20 alone is here in FIG. 4 shown.
- FIG. 5 now shows the adjusting ring 22 with the ribs 34 for axial guidance and positive connection, in particular with the drive shaft 30 and the hammer 20 or both the drive shaft 30 and the hammer 20th
- FIG. 6 represents a section through the percussion, in which case the adjusting ring 22 engages with its ribs 34 both in the groove 32 of the hammer 20 and in the groove of the flange 36 of the drive shaft 30 and so the drive shaft 30 rotatably and positively connected to the hammer 20 ,
- the relative rotational movement of the hammer 20 to the drive shaft 30 to enable the impact process is prevented and the hammer 20 always rotates together with the drive shaft and thus remains constantly with its impact jaws 18 with the impact jaws 16 of the anvil 10 in Contact. In this way, a pure screwing or drilling function can be made possible.
- FIG. 6 also shows the ball guide 50 in the V-grooves 48 of the drive shaft 30 and the spring 42, which serves to store the energy that discharges later in the blow.
- a bearing 52 is arranged in the interior of the hammer 20, so that only an axial load on the spring 42 takes place, but no rotational load is applied to the spring 42.
- FIG. 7 shows an operating mode in which the impact wrench is in an operating state with activated Schlagtechnik, in which case the adjusting ring 22 engages with its rib 34 only in the groove 32 of the hammer 20, but not in the groove 38 of the flange 36 of the drive shaft 30.
- the hammer 20 can move in the direction of the drive shaft 30 both in the predetermined by the V-grooves dimensions rotationally and axially in the direction 44, so that it comes to a separation of the striking jaws 16 and 18 of the anvil 10 and hammer 20 and thus to a latching of the impact jaws 16 and 18 and to a subsequent relaxation of the spring 42 and to an acceleration of the hammer 20 in the axial direction, which is here designated by the arrow 56.
- FIG. 8 shows a further embodiment, in which case the adjusting ring 22 is only in contact with the groove 38 of the flange 36 of the drive shaft 30 and thus also a relative movement in rotational terms between the hammer 20 and drive shaft 30 and an axial movement coupled thereto is made possible.
- the adjusting ring 22 is neither in engagement with the drive shaft 30 still engaged with the anvil 14 and in this way a striking position is made possible.
- connection and disconnection of an impact mechanism of a striking screwdriver can be achieved particularly easily in terms of production technology.
- the force on the adjusting ring 22 are distributed over a relatively large area and over the circumference, so that the life of the device can be increased.
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- Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Schlagschrauber zum Schrauben und Bohren mit einem Drehschlagwerk wobei derartige Schlagschrauber unter anderem eingesetzt werden um hochfeste Gewindeverbindungen herzustellen oder zu lösen. Schlagschrauber sind im Stand der Technik seit vielen Jahren bekannt, wobei die Funktion des Drehschlagwerks auf der Idee beruht, die Antriebsenergie eines Motors zwischenzuspeichern und periodisch innerhalb einer sehr kurzen Arbeitsphase auf eine Ausgangswelle abzugeben. Diese periodisch abgegebenen Drehimpulse erzeugen in Abhängigkeit von der Impulsdauer ein deutlich höheres resultierendes Antriebsmoment als bei konstantem Drehmomentverlauf möglich wäre. Von der Antriebsseite erhält das System kinetische Energie in Form von Drehmoment und Drehzahl, wobei diese in einer Baugruppe zwischengespeichert wird, beispielsweise in einer Feder oder einer rotierenden Masse. Der Speichervorgang dauert jeweils so lange bis ein Steuermechanismus dafür sorgt, dass die gespeicherte Energie über einen Hammer auf einen Amboss abgegeben wird. Hierzu weisen sowohl der Amboss als auch der Hammer des Schlagwerks Schlagbacken auf, wobei der Hammer eine Schwungmasse umfasst, die durch den massiven Teil des Hammers gebildet wird, wobei durch Beschleunigung dieser Masse die kinetische Energie auf den Amboss übertragen wird. Der Amboss steht dabei in drehfester Verbindung zum Abtrieb, also auch zur Verschraubung. Der Steuermechanismus sorgt für die zeitlich begrenzte Abgabe der Energie an den Amboss, so dass sich die Verbindung wieder löst, wenn die gespeicherte Energie abgegeben ist.The invention relates to an impact wrench for screwing and drilling with a rotary impact mechanism wherein such impact wrench are used inter alia to produce or solve high-strength threaded connections. Impact wrenches have been known in the art for many years, the function of the rotary impact mechanism being based on the idea of temporarily storing the drive energy of an engine and periodically applying it to an output shaft within a very short working phase. These periodically emitted angular momentum produce a significantly higher resulting depending on the pulse duration Drive torque as possible with a constant torque curve. From the drive side, the system receives kinetic energy in the form of torque and speed, which is cached in an assembly, for example in a spring or a rotating mass. The storage process takes each time until a control mechanism ensures that the stored energy is delivered via a hammer on an anvil. For this purpose, both the anvil and the hammer of the impact mechanism on impact jaws, wherein the hammer comprises a flywheel, which is formed by the massive part of the hammer, which is accelerated by this mass, the kinetic energy is transferred to the anvil. The anvil is in a rotationally fixed connection to the output, so also for screwing. The control mechanism provides for the time-limited delivery of energy to the anvil, so that the compound dissolves again when the stored energy is released.
Dabei gibt es zwei Arbeitsphasen im Schlagwerk, wobei in Phase 1 die Energie gesammelt und gespeichert wird und in Phase 2 die gespeicherte Energie wieder abgegeben wird. Die in Phase 1 gespeicherte Energie ist dabei von den Eingangsgrößen Drehmoment, Drehzahl und Schlagzahl bestimmt. Je höher die Schlagzahl des Schlagwerks, desto kürzer ist Phase 1 zeitlich und desto weniger Energie kann gespeichert werden, da der Motor nur ein vorgegebenes Drehmoment aufbringen kann und damit die Dauer des Speichervorgangs entscheidend ist.There are two working phases in the striking mechanism, whereby in phase 1 the energy is collected and stored and in phase 2 the stored energy is released again. The energy stored in phase 1 is determined by the input quantities of torque, speed and stroke rate. The higher the stroke rate, the shorter Phase 1 is in terms of time and the less energy can be stored, because the engine can only apply a given torque and thus the duration of the storage process is crucial.
In der zweiten Phase entscheidet ebenfalls die Dauer der Energieabgabe. Wird die gespeicherte Energie in kürzerer Zeit an den Abtrieb abgegeben, ist die Schlagdauer also kürzer, fällt die entstehende Drehmomentspitze höher aus, als bei einer längeren Schlagdauer.In the second phase also decides the duration of the energy tax. If the stored energy is delivered to the output in a shorter time, ie the duration of the stroke is shorter, the resulting torque peak will be higher than with a longer duration of the stroke.
Grundsätzlich entsteht der typische Drehmomentverlauf eines Schlagschraubers, indem über einen längeren Zeitraum Energie zwischengespeichert wird, die in einem sehr kurzen Zeitraum schlagartig an den Abtrieb abgegeben wird.Basically, the typical torque curve of an impact wrench is created by temporarily storing energy over a longer period of time, which is delivered abruptly to the output in a very short period of time.
Im Schlagfall entsteht zwischen den Drehmomentspitzen kein Drehmoment am Abtrieb. Aufgrund dieser Ausgestaltung sind hohe Anzugs- und Lösemomente bei kompakter Bauform möglich. Dennoch beträgt das Reaktionsmoment, das der mit dem Schlagschrauber Arbeitende auffangen muss, nur das Moment, das nötig ist, um die rotierende Hammermasse im Schlagwerk zu beschleunigen, bzw. die Feder zu spannen. Es ist im Vergleich zum Abtriebsdrehmoment vergleichsweise gering.In the case of impact no torque is generated at the output between the torque peaks. Due to this design high tightening and loosening moments in a compact design are possible. Nevertheless, the moment of reaction which the worker has to absorb with the impact wrench is only the moment that is necessary to accelerate the rotating hammer mass in the impact mechanism or to tension the spring. It is comparatively low compared to the output torque.
Ein Schlagschrauber ist beispielsweise in der
Dabei kann es wünschenswert sein, eine Einrichtung vorzusehen, die eine Umschaltung zwischen einer Betrtiebsart mit zugeschaltetem Schlagwerk und einer Betriebsart mit abgeschaltetem Schlagwerk, in der der Schrauber als einfacher Schrauber ohne Drehschlag oder auch als Bohrschrauber verwandt werden kann, vorzusehen.In this case, it may be desirable to provide a device which can provide a switchover between a type of operating mode with a percussion mechanism switched on and a mode with a striking mechanism switched off in which the screwdriver can be used as a simple screwdriver without a rotary impact or as a drill.
Dabei ist aus der
Des weiteren ist beispielsweise aus der
Schließlich ist aus der
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es nun, ein Betätigungsmittel zum Ein- und Ausschalten des Schlagwerks bereit zu stellen, das eine alternative konstruktive Lösung aufweist und gleichzeitig ein besonders einfaches Umschalten zwischen einer Betriebsart mit zu und einer Betriebsart mit abgeschaltetem Schlagwerk ermöglicht.The object of the invention is therefore to provide an actuating means for switching on and off of the impact mechanism, which has an alternative constructive solution and at the same time enables a particularly simple switching between an operating mode with and a mode with the impact mechanism switched off.
Die Erfindung wird durch einen Schlagschrauber mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst, nämlich einem Schlagschrauber mit einem Antriebsmotor zum Antrieb einer Antriebswelle und einer mit einer Werkzeugaufnahme koppelbaren Abtriebswelle sowie einem Schlagwerk, wobei das Schlagwerk einen mit der Abtriebswelle gekoppelten Amboss umfasst sowie einen Hammer, der auf der Antriebswelle geführt ist und mit dieser im Nichtschlagfall drehfest rotiert und relativ zur Antriebswelle im Schlagfall eine zumindest begrenzte Rotationsbewegung durchführt, wobei ein Betätigungsmittel vorgesehen ist, zum Schalten des Schlagwerks zwischen einer Betriebsart mit zu- und einer Betriebsart mit abgeschaltetem Schlagwerk, wobei das Betätigungsmittel bei zugeschaltetem Schlagwerk in einer ersten Position in drehfestem Eingriff mit der Antriebswelle oder dem Hammer oder ohne Eingriff mit einem der beiden Bauteile, Hammer oder Antriebswelle, steht und sich bei abgeschaltetem Schlagwerk in einer zweiten Position in drehfestem Eingriff mit Hammer und Antriebswelle befindet, wobei das Betätigungsmittel zum Schalten axial bewegbar ist. Ein solcher Schlagschrauber ist neben dem Schrauben auch zum Bohren geeignet.The invention is achieved by an impact wrench with the features of claim 1, namely a Impact wrench with a drive motor for driving a drive shaft and a coupled with a tool holder output shaft and a percussion mechanism, wherein the percussion includes an output shaft coupled to the anvil and a hammer which is guided on the drive shaft and rotates with this non-stop rotation and relative to the drive shaft in the case of impact performs at least a limited rotational movement, wherein an actuating means is provided for switching the percussion between a mode with and a mode with switched-off percussion, wherein the actuating means with activated percussion in a first position in a rotationally fixed engagement with the drive shaft or the hammer or without engagement with one of the two components, hammer or drive shaft, is and with the impact mechanism switched off in a second position in a rotationally fixed engagement with the hammer and drive shaft, wherein the actuating means for scarf th is axially movable. Such an impact wrench is suitable in addition to the screws for drilling.
Dabei kann vorgesehen sein, dass in einem ersten Nichtschlagfall der Hammer mit dem Amboss und der Antriebswelle rotiert, wobei die Schlagbacken von Amboss und Hammer gegeneinander anliegen und sich im Eingriff befinden, das heißt, in axialer Richtung überdecken, wobei dieser Betrieb bei zugeschaltetem Schlagwerk erfolgt, bis das maximale Drehmoment des Schraubers ohne Schlagen erreicht ist. Das heißt in der Regel so lange, bis es zu einem ersten Blockieren der Schraubverbindung kommt. Zum weiteren Anziehen der Schraubverbindung erfolgt dann bei zugeschaltetem Schlagwerk automatisch ein Übergang in den Schlagbetrieb, wobei im Schlagbetrieb der Amboss und der Hammer mit ihren Schlagbacken die auf einander zugewandten Stirnflächen von Hammer und Amboss angeordnet sind, gegeneinander nicht mehr dauerhaft, wie im Schraubfall, anliegen, sondern während der Energiespeicherung voneinander getrennt werden, um dann bei der Energieentladung und damit dem Schlag in Umfangsrichtung aufeinander zu prallen und so ein kurzzeitig größeres Drehmoment zu liefern.It can be provided that rotates in a first non-impact case of the hammer with the anvil and the drive shaft, the impact jaws of anvil and hammer abut against each other and are engaged, that is, overlap in the axial direction, this operation is done with activated percussion until the maximum torque of the screwdriver is reached without hitting. This usually means until it comes to a first blockage of the screw. For further tightening of the screwed connection, a transition to impact mode then takes place automatically when the percussion mechanism is activated, with the anvil and the hammer, with their percussion jaws, being arranged on hammer and anvil faces facing one another in percussive operation, against one another no longer permanently, as in the screw, abut, but are separated from each other during energy storage, and then in the energy discharge and thus the impact in the circumferential direction collide against each other and so to provide a momentarily greater torque.
Dabei kann der Hammer im Schlagfall neben der relativen Rotation zur Antriebswelle eine axiale Bewegung relativ zur Antriebswelle vollführen. Die axiale Bewegung kann oszillierend sein.In this case, the hammer can perform an axial movement relative to the drive shaft in case of impact in addition to the relative rotation to the drive shaft. The axial movement can be oscillating.
Dabei wird zum Abschalten des Schlagwerks um einen reinen Schraub- oder Bohrbetrieb zu gewährleisten, ohne dass das Schlagwerk automatisch zugeschaltet wird, die Antriebswelle durch axiale Verschiebung des Betätigungsmittels mit dem Hammer verbunden. Dabei ist das Betätigungsmittel in einer ersten Position lediglich mit der Antriebswelle oder dem Hammer gekoppelt oder ist ohne Eingriff mit den Beiden und in einer zweiten Position sind Hammer und Antriebswelle miteinander gekoppelt, so dass keine relative Rotation zwischen ihnen stattfindet und damit auch die in axialer Richtung oszillierende Bewegung unterbunden wird. Auf diese Weise kann keine Energiespeicherung und kein Überrasten der Schlagbacken erfolgen.It is to shutdown the percussion to ensure a pure screwing or drilling operation without the percussion is automatically switched on, the drive shaft connected by axial displacement of the actuating means with the hammer. In this case, the actuating means is coupled in a first position only with the drive shaft or the hammer or is engaged with the two and in a second position hammer and drive shaft are coupled together so that there is no relative rotation between them and thus also in the axial direction oscillatory motion is prevented. In this way, no energy storage and no overlapping of the impact jaws.
Sofern das Betätigungsmittel mit dem Hammer und der Antriebswelle im Eingriff steht, blockiert es die rotatorische Relativbewegung zwischen Hammer und Antriebswelle, die neben der axialen Relativbewegung die Schlagfunktion ermöglicht.If the actuating means with the hammer and the drive shaft is engaged, it blocks the rotational relative movement between the hammer and the drive shaft, which allows the impact function in addition to the axial relative movement.
Eine derartige Gestaltung mit einem axial verschiebbaren Betätigungsmittel, das in einer ersten Position und Betriebsart entweder ohne Eingriff oder im Eingriff lediglich mit Antriebswelle oder Hammer steht und in einer zweiten Betriebsart mit zugeschaltetem Schlagwerk im Eingriff mit Hammer und Antriebswelle steht, ist fertigungstechnisch besonders einfach umzusetzen, wobei besonders bevorzugt ist, dass der Schaltvorgang unabhängig vom Relativwinkel der Bauteile Hammer und Antriebswelle zueinander erfolgen kann. Diese Umschaltung unabhängig von der relativen Anordnung der beiden Bauteile zueinander kann zum einen durch die Gestaltung des Schlagwerks beispielsweise als V-Nutenschlagwerk erreicht werden, das im Stillstand immer die gleiche Positionierung von Hammer und Antriebswelle zueinander aufweist, es kann jedoch auch dadurch erreicht werden, dass das Betätigungsmittel entsprechend ausgebildet wird.Such a configuration with an axially displaceable actuating means, in a first position and mode either without engagement or in engagement is only with drive shaft or hammer and is in a second mode with switched Schlagwerk in engagement with the hammer and drive shaft, manufacturing technology is particularly easy to implement, being particularly preferred that the switching operation can be done independently of the relative angle of the components hammer and drive shaft to each other. This switching independently of the relative arrangement of the two components to one another can be achieved by the design of the impact mechanism, for example as V-Nutenschlagwerk that always has the same position of hammer and drive shaft to each other at a standstill, but it can also be achieved by the actuating means is designed accordingly.
Besonders bevorzugt ist hierbei als Betätigungsmittel ein axial verschiebbarer Stellring bzw. ein axial verschiebbarer Stift, wobei der Stellring insbesondere eine oder mehrere Nuten oder Rippen aufweisen kann, die mit Nuten oder Rippen in der Antriebswelle und/oder dem Hammer in Eingriff bringbar sind und entlang der Nutlängsrichtung, die in axialer Richtung verläuft, verschoben werden kann. Denkbar sind auch spiralig angeordnete Nuten, über die ein rotatorisch-axial verschiebbares Betätigungsmittel in Eingriff mit einem oder beiden der Bauteile bringbar ist.Particularly preferred is an axially displaceable adjusting ring or an axially displaceable pin, wherein the adjusting ring may in particular have one or more grooves or ribs, which are engageable with grooves or ribs in the drive shaft and / or the hammer and along the Nutlängsrichtung, which runs in the axial direction, can be moved. Also conceivable are spirally arranged grooves, via which a rotationally-axially displaceable actuating means in engagement with one or both of the components can be brought.
Betätigt werden kann das Betätigungsmittel über einen Schiebeschalter aber auch über eine Drehbewegung an einem Ring bei einer axial-rotatorischen Bewegung. Darüber hinaus kann als Element, mit dem das Betätigungsmittel bewegt wird, auch ein Drehgriff vorgesehen sein, der über eine entsprechende Führung eine translatorische Bewegung oder eine gekoppelte translatorisch rotatorische Bewegung des Betätigungselementes ermöglicht.The actuating means can be actuated via a slide switch but also via a rotational movement on a ring in an axial-rotational movement. In addition, as a member with which the actuating means is moved, a rotary handle may be provided which allows a corresponding guide a translational movement or a coupled translationally rotational movement of the actuating element.
Dabei kann insbesondere vorgesehen sein, dass zum Betätigen des Betätigungsmittels ein durch eine Gehäuseöffnung hindurchragender Schiebeschalter vorgesehen ist, der mit dem Stellring verbunden ist, wobei der Schiebeschalter insbesondere in einer um den Stellring umlaufenden Nut geführt ist und in der Nut um den Stellring rotiert, wenn der Stellring mit der Antriebswelle umläuft.It can be provided in particular that for actuating the actuating means a protruding through a housing opening slide switch is provided, which is connected to the adjusting ring, wherein the slide switch is guided in particular in a circumferential groove around the adjusting ring and rotates in the groove around the adjusting ring, if the adjusting ring rotates with the drive shaft.
Besonders bevorzugt kann dabei vorgesehen sein, dass das Schlagwerk als V-Nutenschlagwerk ausgebildet ist, wobei der Hammer im Schlagfall eine axial oszillatorische Rotationsbewegung bezüglich der Antriebswelle durchführt. Unter einer axial oszillatorischen Bewegung ist hierbei zu verstehen, dass der Hammer im Schlagfall sowohl eine axiale Relativbewegung, wobei der Hammer auf der Antriebswelle abwechselnd axial in Richtung auf das antriebsseitige Ende der Antriebswelle und das abtriebsseitige Ende der Antriebswelle in einer Nut hin- und herbewegt wird, wobei die Nut V-förmig ausgebildet ist und die Spitze des V in Richtung der Abtriebsseite der Welle vollführt, wobei durch die axiale Bewegung aufgrund der V-Form der Nuten zugleich auch eine relative Rotationsbewegung des Hammers zur Antriebswelle hervorgerufen wird. Der Hammer kann hierbei über eine Kugelführung in den V-Nuten, wobei vorzugsweise zwei V-Nuten an der Antriebswelle diametral gegenüber angeordnet sind, geführt sein.Particularly preferably, it may be provided that the impact mechanism is designed as a V-groove impact mechanism, wherein the hammer performs an axially oscillatory rotational movement with respect to the drive shaft in case of impact. Under an axial oscillatory movement is to be understood here that the hammer in case of impact, both an axial relative movement, wherein the hammer on the drive shaft alternately axially toward the drive-side end of the drive shaft and the output side end of the drive shaft is reciprocated in a groove , wherein the groove is V-shaped and performs the tip of the V in the direction of the output side of the shaft, wherein caused by the axial movement due to the V-shape of the grooves at the same time also a relative rotational movement of the hammer to the drive shaft. The hammer can be guided over a ball guide in the V-grooves, wherein preferably two V-grooves are arranged diametrically opposite to the drive shaft.
Dabei arbeitet ein V-Nutenschlagwerk wie folgt: Vor Eintreten eines Schlagfalls dreht sich der Amboss über seine Schlagbacken die gegen die Schlagbacken des Hammers anliegen, zusammen mit dem Hammer und der Antriebswelle ohne dass eine Relativbewegung zwischen den einzelnen Bauteilen erfolgt. Bei Anliegen eines größeren Drehmoments kommt es nun dadurch, dass durch das normale Anzugsmoment des Schlagschraubers dieses größere Drehmoment nicht aufgebracht werden kann, zwischen Amboss und Hammer zu einer Entkopplung der Schlagbacken. Durch die Rotation der Antriebswelle, die auf den Hammer übertragen wird und den Gegenhalt des Ambosses kommt es zu einem Wandern des Hammers auf der Antriebswelle in den V-Nuten. Durch die Vorsehung der V-Nuten wird der Hammer zugleich mit der Rotation relativ zur Antriebswelle in axialer Richtung vom Amboss wegbewegt und es kommt zu einem Überrasten in axialer Richtung der Schlagbacken des Hammers und des Ambosses. Durch das Lösen des Hammers vom Amboss kann der Hammer sich in rotatorischer Richtung wieder frei bewegen und wird durch die gespeicherte Energie, die in einer Feder durch die Axialbewegung des Hammers in Antriebsrichtung gespeichert wird, beschleunigt, bis er am Ende seiner Drehbewegung und axialen Bewegung gegen die Schlagbacken des Ambosses mit seinen Schlagbacken auftrifft und so einen Schlag in Umfangsrichtung ausführt, der zu einem weiteren Festziehen oder Lösen des bearbeiteten Schraubfalls führt. Nach dem Schlag erfolgt das Spannen des Schlagwerks durch Axial- und Radialbewegung des Hammers erneut.A V-groove striking mechanism works as follows: Before an impact event occurs, the anvil turns over its impact jaws which abut against the hammer's jaws, together with the hammer and the drive shaft without any relative movement between the individual components. When concerns a larger torque, it now comes from the fact that this torque is not due to the normal torque of the impact wrench can be applied between anvil and hammer to decouple the impact jaws. The rotation of the drive shaft, which is transferred to the hammer and the counter-support of the anvil, causes the hammer to move on the drive shaft in the V-grooves. By providing the V-grooves, the hammer is moved away from the anvil at the same time as the rotation relative to the drive shaft in the axial direction, and it comes to a catch in the axial direction of the impact jaws of the hammer and the anvil. By releasing the hammer from the anvil, the hammer can move freely in a rotational direction and is accelerated by the stored energy, which is stored in a spring by the axial movement of the hammer in the drive direction until it is at the end of its rotational movement and axial movement against striking the impact jaws of the anvil with its impact jaws and so performs a blow in the circumferential direction, which leads to a further tightening or loosening of the machined Schraubfalls. After impact the tensioning of the percussion mechanism takes place by axial and radial movement of the hammer again.
Nach einer ersten Ausführungsform kann vorgesehen sein, dass in der Antriebswelle und dem Hammer eine Nut oder eine Rippe vorgesehen sind, wobei generell auch mehrere über den Umfang verteilte Nuten bzw. Rippen vorgesehen sein können, die mit einer korrespondierenden Rippe oder Nut des Betätigungsmittels zusammenwirken. Durch die Verteilung der Kraft auf mehrere Rippen kann diese besser verteilt und die Elemente damit angepasst ausgelegt werden.According to a first embodiment it can be provided that in the drive shaft and the hammer, a groove or a rib are provided, wherein generally also a plurality of circumferentially distributed grooves or ribs may be provided, which cooperate with a corresponding rib or groove of the actuating means. By distributing the force over several ribs, these can be better distributed and the elements designed to be adjusted accordingly.
Grundsätzlich kann auch am Betätigungsmittel, sofern es sich um eine Hülse bzw. einen Ring handelt, eine Verzahnung angebracht sein, die mit einer korrespondierenden Verzahnung auf dem Außenumfang von Antriebswelle und Hammer zusammenwirkt.In principle, on the actuating means, if it is a sleeve or a ring, a toothing be mounted, which cooperates with a corresponding toothing on the outer circumference of the drive shaft and hammer.
Nach einer besonders bevorzugten Ausgestaltung kann vorgesehen sein, dass der Hammer aus einer gesonderten Schwungmasse und einem gesonderten Steuerteil besteht, wobei das Steuerteil mit dem Amboss im Schlagfall zusammenwirkt und die Schwungmasse und der Steuerteil drehfest, jedoch axial zueinander bewegbar miteinander verbunden sind. Bei Vorsehung eines V-Nutenschlagwerks ist insbesondere lediglich der Steuerteil axial bezüglich der Antriebswelle bewegbar. Durch die Aufteilung des Hammers in zwei Elemente, nämlich die Schwungmasse und den Steuerteil, die formschlüssig drehfest aber axial verschiebbar miteinander gekoppelt sind, besteht der Vorteil, dass dadurch, dass die Schwungmasse keine axiale Bewegung durchführt, keine Vibrationen in diese Richtung verursacht werden. Lediglich der Steuerteil führt die axiale Oszillation durch. Da die Masse des Steuerteils im Vergleich zur gesamten Schwungmasse deutlich geringer ist, reduziert sich die Schwingungsanregung in Richtung der Drehachse erheblich.According to a particularly preferred embodiment, it may be provided that the hammer consists of a separate flywheel and a separate control part, wherein the control part interacts with the anvil in case of impact and the flywheel and the control part rotatably, but are axially connected to each other movable. In Providence of a V-groove impacting particular only the control part is axially movable relative to the drive shaft. By dividing the hammer into two elements, namely the flywheel and the control part, which are positively rotatably but axially slidably coupled together, there is the advantage that by the fact that the flywheel performs no axial movement, no vibrations in this direction are caused. Only the control part performs the axial oscillation. Since the mass of the control part is significantly lower in comparison to the entire flywheel mass, the vibration excitation in the direction of the axis of rotation is reduced considerably.
Darüber hinaus kann vorzugsweise vorgesehen sein, dass eine Drehmomenteneinstellung realisiert ist, die insbesondere über Variationen der Vorspannkraft der Feder des V-Nutenschlagwerks erfolgt.In addition, it can preferably be provided that a torque adjustment is realized, which takes place in particular via variations of the biasing force of the spring of the V-groove impaction.
Nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung kann vorgesehen sein, dass es sich bei dem Schlagschrauber um einen Akkuschlagschrauber handelt, wobei Akkugeräte in der Regel den Vorteil besitzen, an beliebigen Orten und auch in schwierigen Anwendungsfällen leichter einsetzbar zu sein. Darüber hinaus ist die Schlagfunktion insbesondere deswegen bei Akkugeräten von Vorteil, da bei Geräten mit unmittelbaren elektrischem Anschluss die Drehmomentenauslegung so erfolgen kann, dass höhere Drehmomente erreicht werden, so dass gegebenenfalls ohne eine zusätzliche Schlagfunktion gearbeitet werden kann.According to another preferred embodiment, it can be provided that the impact wrench is a cordless wrench, with cordless tools generally having the advantage of being easier to use at any location and even in difficult applications. In addition, the impact function is particularly advantageous in cordless tools, since in devices with direct electrical connection, the torque design can be such that higher Torques can be achieved so that, if necessary, can be worked without an additional impact function.
Weitere Vorteile und Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den übrigen Anmeldungsunterlagen. Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert.Further advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the remaining application documents. The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing.
Dabei zeigen:
- Figur 1
- ein Schlagwerk in montierter Form,
- Figur 2
- ein Schlagwerk in teilweise auseinandergezogener Darstellung
- Figur 3
- eine Antriebswelle
- Figur 4
- einen Hammer
- Figur 5
- einen Stellring eines Betätigungsmittels
- Figur 6
- eine geschnittene Darstellung durch das Schlagwerk bei abgeschaltetem Schlagwerk
- Figur 7
- einen Schnitt durch das Schlagwerk bei zugeschaltetem Schlagwerk
- Figur 8
- eine alternative Ausgestaltung des Schlagwerks bei zugeschaltetem Schlagwerk
- FIG. 1
- a striking mechanism in assembled form,
- FIG. 2
- a percussion in partially exploded representation
- FIG. 3
- a drive shaft
- FIG. 4
- a hammer
- FIG. 5
- a collar of an actuating means
- FIG. 6
- a sectional view through the percussion with the impact mechanism switched off
- FIG. 7
- a section through the percussion mechanism with activated Schlagwerk
- FIG. 8
- an alternative embodiment of the impact mechanism with activated percussion
Dabei ist im Hammer 20 eine Nut 32 ausgebildet, in die eine Rippe 34 des Stellrings 22 eingreift, und so für einen Formschluss zwischen Stellring 22 und Hammer 20 sorgt.In this case, a
Darüber hinaus ist eine Feder 42 vorgesehen, die mit ihrem abtriebsseitigen Ende mit dem Hammer 20 zusammenwirkt und mit ihrem antriebsseitigen Ende 44 gegen den Flansch 36 der Antriebswelle 30 anliegt. Durch eine axiale Bewegung in Richtung 46 des Hammers 20 kann die Feder 42 zwischen Hammer 20 und Flansch 36 gespannt und dadurch Energie in der Feder 42 gespeichert werden.In addition, a
Der Hammer 20 alleine ist hierbei in
Grundsätzlich kann auch vorgesehen sein, dass der Stellring 22 weder im Eingriff mit der Antriebswelle 30 noch im Eingriff mit dem Amboss 14 steht und auf diese Weise eine Schlagstellung ermöglicht wird.In principle, it can also be provided that the adjusting
Auf die vorstehend beschriebene Weise kann fertigungstechnisch besonders einfach eine Zu- und Abschaltung eines Schlagwerks eines Schlagschraubers erzielt werden. Darüber hinaus kann durch die Blockierung der relativen Rotationsbewegung und die Vorsehung von axial verlaufenden Kopplungselementen z.B. durch die Rippen im Stellring 22 die Kraft auf den Stellring 22 relativ großflächig und über den Umfang verteilt werden, so dass die Lebensdauer des Gerätes erhöht werden kann.In the manner described above, a connection and disconnection of an impact mechanism of a striking screwdriver can be achieved particularly easily in terms of production technology. Moreover, by blocking the relative rotational movement and providing axially extending coupling elements, e.g. by the ribs in the adjusting
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (3)
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EP08011816A EP2140976B1 (en) | 2008-07-01 | 2008-07-01 | Impact wrench |
US12/489,652 US20100000750A1 (en) | 2008-07-01 | 2009-06-23 | Impact Wrench |
CN200910151845A CN101618536A (en) | 2008-07-01 | 2009-07-01 | Impact wrench |
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EP08011816A EP2140976B1 (en) | 2008-07-01 | 2008-07-01 | Impact wrench |
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EP2140976B1 EP2140976B1 (en) | 2011-11-16 |
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TWM332537U (en) * | 2007-12-18 | 2008-05-21 | Power Network Industry Co Ltd | Switching device for output configuration |
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2008
- 2008-07-01 EP EP08011816A patent/EP2140976B1/en active Active
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- 2009-06-23 US US12/489,652 patent/US20100000750A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-07-01 CN CN200910151845A patent/CN101618536A/en active Pending
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Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2476519A1 (en) * | 2009-09-10 | 2012-07-18 | Positec Power Tools (Suzhou) Co., Ltd | Power tool |
EP2476519A4 (en) * | 2009-09-10 | 2013-10-23 | Positec Power Tools Suzhou Co | Power tool |
WO2011151145A1 (en) * | 2010-06-01 | 2011-12-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Portable power tool with a mechanical percussion mechanism |
WO2012049078A1 (en) | 2010-10-15 | 2012-04-19 | Wera - Werk Hermann Werner Gmbh & Co. Kg | Torque transmission device for use with a rotary impact screwdriver |
DE102010038210A1 (en) | 2010-10-15 | 2012-04-19 | Wera-Werk Hermann Werner Gmbh & Co. Kg | Torque transmission device for use with a rotary impact driver |
DE102011000710A1 (en) | 2011-02-14 | 2012-08-16 | Wera-Werk Hermann Werner Gmbh & Co. Kg | Torque transmission device in the form of a bit lining |
WO2012110453A1 (en) | 2011-02-14 | 2012-08-23 | Wera - Werk Hermann Werner Gmbh & Co. Kg | Torque transmission device in the form of a bit chuck |
EP2777882A3 (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2017-10-25 | Ingersoll-Rand Company | Angle impact tool |
EP2777881A3 (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2017-11-01 | Ingersoll-Rand Company | Angle impact tool |
EP3505302A1 (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2019-07-03 | Ingersoll-Rand Company | Angle impact tool |
WO2023117486A1 (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2023-06-29 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Hand-held power tool |
WO2023117498A1 (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2023-06-29 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Hand-held power tool |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101618536A (en) | 2010-01-06 |
EP2140976B1 (en) | 2011-11-16 |
US20100000750A1 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
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