EP2140469B1 - Schmelzsicherung zur unterbrechung eines spannungs- und/oder stromführenden leiters im thermischen fehlerfall und verfahren zur herstellung der schmelzsicherung - Google Patents

Schmelzsicherung zur unterbrechung eines spannungs- und/oder stromführenden leiters im thermischen fehlerfall und verfahren zur herstellung der schmelzsicherung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2140469B1
EP2140469B1 EP08708973.6A EP08708973A EP2140469B1 EP 2140469 B1 EP2140469 B1 EP 2140469B1 EP 08708973 A EP08708973 A EP 08708973A EP 2140469 B1 EP2140469 B1 EP 2140469B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conductor bar
fuse
holding element
solder
conductor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP08708973.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2140469A1 (de
Inventor
Norbert Knab
Georg Schulze-Icking-Konert
Thomas Mohr
Stefan Kotthaus
Nikolas Haberl
Stefan Stampfer
Michael Mueller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2140469A1 publication Critical patent/EP2140469A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2140469B1 publication Critical patent/EP2140469B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/74—Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
    • H01H37/76—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material
    • H01H37/761—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material with a fusible element forming part of the switched circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H69/00—Apparatus or processes for the manufacture of emergency protective devices
    • H01H69/02—Manufacture of fuses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/041—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges characterised by the type
    • H01H85/0411—Miniature fuses
    • H01H85/0415—Miniature fuses cartridge type
    • H01H85/0418—Miniature fuses cartridge type with ferrule type end contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/041—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges characterised by the type
    • H01H85/044—General constructions or structure of low voltage fuses, i.e. below 1000 V, or of fuses where the applicable voltage is not specified
    • H01H85/045—General constructions or structure of low voltage fuses, i.e. below 1000 V, or of fuses where the applicable voltage is not specified cartridge type
    • H01H85/0458—General constructions or structure of low voltage fuses, i.e. below 1000 V, or of fuses where the applicable voltage is not specified cartridge type with ferrule type end contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/055—Fusible members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/143—Electrical contacts; Fastening fusible members to such contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/143—Electrical contacts; Fastening fusible members to such contacts
    • H01H85/157—Ferrule-end contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/50—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position
    • H01H1/52—Contacts adapted to act as latches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/74—Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
    • H01H37/76—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material
    • H01H2037/768—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material characterised by the composition of the fusible material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/055—Fusible members
    • H01H85/06—Fusible members characterised by the fusible material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/165—Casings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49107—Fuse making

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuse for interrupting a voltage and / or current-carrying conductor in the event of thermal failure and a method for producing the fuse according to the preamble of the independent claims.
  • devices with a very high current load offer no opportunity to provide the appropriate control and / or power electronics in a thermal fault case, i.
  • a thermal fault case i.
  • very high ambient temperatures of well over 100 ° C caused by medium- or low-impedance conclusions, to be separated from the power supply.
  • appropriate thermal fuses to avoid thermal destruction are necessary.
  • EP 1 120 888 A1 discloses a thermal fuse mechanism that is thermally coupled to the heat sink of a power switch and disconnects the power supply of a brushless motor from the winding.
  • a thermal fuse mechanism that is thermally coupled to the heat sink of a power switch and disconnects the power supply of a brushless motor from the winding.
  • the mechanically prestressed part of the fuse thus leads to a separation of the solder connection.
  • a corresponding fuse is also from the WO 00/08665 known.
  • the DE 39 09 302 A1 shows a fuse in which by melting two electrically good conductive alloys, a new alloy with a high electrical resistance is formed, which prevents further flow of high currents.
  • the invention relates to a fuse for interrupting a voltage and / or current-carrying conductor in the event of thermal failure with the features of claim 1.
  • the melting point of the conductor bar is chosen so that on the one hand in normal operation, melting of the conductor bar can be excluded while melting on the other hand ensured in the event of thermal failure.
  • a safe and reliable shutdown path is provided that is essentially temperature and not power dependent. In this way, a triggering in case of disturbances is possible, which only lead to small currents below the maximum permissible currents.
  • a mechanical bias of the fuse can be avoided, so that it is exposed to any additional load, which leads to the fuses of the prior art to a significantly higher life.
  • the invention relates to a method for producing a fuse with the features of claim 9.
  • the fuse can thus be made independently of the later application.
  • the holding element has a first part for holding the conductor bar and a second part for connecting the holding member with a stamped grid, a printed circuit board or the like.
  • the fuse can be easily integrated into different applications.
  • the first part of the holding element is advantageously designed as a one-sided open hollow body.
  • the conductor bar is held in the interior of the hollow body of a solder, wherein the melting point of the solder below that of the Conductor and above the maximum allowable temperature for proper operation.
  • the hollow body has at least one elevation on its outer circumference, which constitutes a point of application for a mechanical deformation of the hollow body for holding the conductor bar.
  • the first part may also be designed as a blunt bearing surface.
  • the conductor bar consists in a particularly advantageous manner of a metal or a good electrical conductivity alloy, in particular a soft solder alloy such as Sn, SnAG, SnAgCu or the like.
  • a sufficiently good thermal connection to the environment and a sufficiently low resistivity of the conductor bar is also ensured that this heats only slightly with respect to the environment at maximum allowable current.
  • an improved, ie safer melting behavior in connection with the surface tension is achieved if the conductor bar has a flux core.
  • the core of the conductor bar contains an activator medium which consists in particular of carboxylic acid or a salt of the carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid or a salt of the carboxylic acid or contains a mixture of carboxylic acid and a resin or a salt of the carboxylic acid and a resin ,
  • an activator medium which consists in particular of carboxylic acid or a salt of the carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid or a salt of the carboxylic acid or contains a mixture of carboxylic acid and a resin or a salt of the carboxylic acid and a resin .
  • the conductor bar can also have a flux coating which contains a carboxylic acid or a salt of a carboxylic acid.
  • the flux coating can be formed by a lacquer layer. This offers the advantage that the flux layer after the soldering of the conductor bar to a holding element from the outside can be applied to the fuse, which on the one hand manufacturing technology is very simple and on the other hand does not require transient soldering, in which possibly the flux during soldering of the conductor bar in the retaining elements becomes liquid and the fuse triggers prematurely.
  • the hollow body is mechanically deformed before or after heating.
  • the heating can also take place only after the insertion of the conductor bar into the hollow body.
  • the heat pulse can also be impressed without contact by laser or infrared light. The duration of the heat pulse must be selected such that the conductor bar only in the interior of the hollow body, in particular in the region of a bottom or the elevations of the Hollow body, safely melts. On the other hand, melting outside the hollow body due to an excessively long heat pulse must be avoided.
  • a step of applying a flux or activator to the conductor bar can also be provided in the method, wherein the flux in this embodiment, for example, a paint film formed around the conductor bar.
  • the method may also be provided a step of checking the connection between the first part of the holding element and the force and / or form-fitting or introduced conductor web, wherein the checking in an advantageous manner visually and / or or can be done automatically.
  • a test head which is movably arranged in order to detect a region to be tested in the first part of the holding element.
  • FIG. 1 an embodiment of the fuse 10 according to the invention for interrupting a voltage and / or current-carrying conductor 12 is shown in the case of thermal failure.
  • the fuse 10 consists of a conductor bar 14, which ensures an electrically conductive connection of the voltage and / or current-carrying conductor 12, for example, to supply an electric motor or a control or power electronics in proper operation, and two preferably identical holding elements 16 for holding the Ladder web 14 at its two ends and the electrical contacting of the conductor bar 14 to the voltage and / or current-carrying conductor 12th
  • the conductor bar 14 is made of a metal or a good electrical conductivity alloy, in particular a soft solder alloy such as tin (Sn), tin-silver (SnAg), tin-silver-copper (SnAgCu) or the like.
  • a soft solder alloy such as tin (Sn), tin-silver (SnAg), tin-silver-copper (SnAgCu) or the like.
  • its cross-section, its thermal connection to the environment and its specific resistance are selected such that the conductor bar 14 heats only insignificantly with respect to the environment even at a maximum permissible current. This requirement is for example by a bar-shaped conductor bar 14 with a very small met specific resistance.
  • the melting point of the conductor bar 14 is moreover selected such that, on the one hand, melting can be safely excluded during normal operation, while on the other hand, in the event of a thermal fault, ie temperature increases due to malfunctions such as, for example, failures of electronic components, malfunctions of the insulating materials. or low-resistance conclusions by external influences or the like, in conjunction with the surface tension of the conductor bar 14 is ensured to interrupt the current path between the two holding elements 16.
  • a secure melting of the conductor bar 14 can also be achieved in that it additionally has a flux center 18, wherein the flux to be used is known to the person skilled in the art and should not be specified here. However, a suitable flux is characterized in particular by the fact that it does not have a corrosive effect during proper operation and moreover does not age or grows only to a very small extent.
  • FIG. 2 shows the holding element 16 FIG. 1 in a slightly enlarged view. It can be seen that substantially a bottom 30 of the hollow body 24 is covered by the solder 28.
  • the lateral inner walls 32 in the case of an angular cross section of the conductor bar 14
  • the lateral inner surface 34 in the case of a round or oval cross section of the conductor bar 14
  • the solder 28 may also be coated with the solder 28 in order to improve the holding of the conductor bar 14 to allow.
  • the second part 22 of the holding member 16 is web, wire or band-shaped for connection to the voltage and / or current-carrying conductor 12, depending on whether it is the voltage and / or current-carrying conductor 12 to a stamped grid track, a Cable or a conductor.
  • the first part 20 and the second part 22 of the holding element 16 are made in one piece. But it is also conceivable that the two parts 20 and 22 are welded or riveted together. In order to ensure improved strain relief of the fuse 10, the particular wire-shaped, second part 22 may also be angled. However, this is not shown in the figures.
  • FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of the holding member 16 of the fuse 10 according to the invention
  • 16 elevations 36 are attached to the outer periphery of the formed as a hollow body 24 first part 20 of the holding member, which is a point of attack for a mechanical deformation of the hollow body 24 after the introduction of the conductor bar 14 represent its improved, non-positive fixation.
  • FIG. 4 are a third and a fourth embodiment of the holding member 16 can be seen. While according to FIG. 4a the first part 20 of the holding element 16 is formed as a blunt bearing surface 38, shows FIG. 4b an additional bevel 40 of the first part 20 designed as a hollow body 24.
  • the partial overlapping of the conductor bar 14 by the bevelled hollow body 24 has the advantage that in this way the quality of the soldering in the interior 26 of the hollow body 24 can be better assessed.
  • a corresponding assessment is alternatively also by means of at least one attached to the hollow body 24 slot - not shown here - possible.
  • the production of the fuse 10 according to the invention is now carried out such that the conductor bar 14 on or in the first part 20 of the support member 16 non-positively and / or positively on or introduced. Furthermore, it can be provided that first the solder 28 in or on the first part 20 of the holding element 16 is spent. In this case, the abutment surface 38 or the bottom 30 and / or an inner wall 32 or surface 34 of the first part 20 is wetted with the solder 28, which melts at a lower temperature in comparison to the conductor web 14. By means of a suitable device, the holding element 16 and / or the conductor bar 14 are subsequently heated to a temperature value between the melting point of the solder 28 and the melting point of the conductor bar 14.
  • the conductor bar 14 While the solder 28 is liquid, the conductor bar 14 is inserted or mounted in or on the first part 20 of the holding element 16 such that the conductor bar 14 comes into contact with the solder 28. Finally, the cooling of the fuse 10 and thus the positive connection of the conductor bar 14 with the holding element 16, for example, by injecting the conductor bar 14 outside of the first part 20 with a cooling liquid. Alternatively, the conductor bar 14 can also be immersed in the cooling liquid, or there is a mechanical clamping to a thermal mass, for example to the jaws of a holding tool. If the second part 22 of the holding element 16 is configured in the form of a band, the other band material can also serve as a thermal mass.
  • the heating takes place by a heat pulse, which is impressed on the second part 22 of the holding element 16, on the elevation 36 of the hollow body 24 or on the conductor web 14.
  • a heat pulse which is impressed on the second part 22 of the holding element 16, on the elevation 36 of the hollow body 24 or on the conductor web 14.
  • the duration of the heat pulse must be selected such that the conductor bar 14 melts securely only in the interior 26 of the hollow body 24, in particular in the region of the bottom 30 or the elevations 36 of the hollow body 24.
  • a melting outside the hollow body 24 due to an excessively long heat pulse must be avoided with the aid of the cooling methods already described. As a rule, however, this can be dispensed with since the heat pulse can be applied very precisely.
  • the heating can alternatively also take place only after the introduction of the conductor bar 14 into the hollow body 24.
  • the quality of the formed or terminated fuse should be examined.
  • the soldering between the fusible element and the termination ie the holding element, is essential for the function and the reliability.
  • AOI automated optical inspection
  • the solder meniscus is analyzed, which forms only with correct soldering.
  • FIG. 5A Such an examination is shown with a holding element 16 with a blunt bearing surface 38.
  • the optical examination unit 50 which can also be used to examine the correct placement of the printed circuit board, is used to control the solder meniscus between the holding element 16 and the conductor bar 14.
  • FIG. 5B the verification of a solder meniscus is shown in the case that a cup-shaped holding member 16 is used.
  • the optical examination unit 50 is then pivoted so that it can detect a solder meniscus area 52 which lies in the interior 26 of the holding element 16.
  • Promising candidates can be found in the class of organic carboxylic acids (or their salts), the melting temperatures in the range of up to> 170 ° C. Such materials allow the construction of fuses, which only trigger at an ambient temperature of 170 ° C, which represents a significantly higher release temperature for fuses over the known fuses.
  • these organic carboxylic acids can be used as an alternative to rosin-based fluxes for Use come.
  • carboxylic acids are not referred to as fluxes but as "activators".
  • pure carboxylic acid or a synthetic flux of activator and resin can be used. In the latter case, the resin used should also have the properties indicated above.
  • FIG. 7 shows an exemplary structure of such a fuse with flux or Aktivatorseele in a cross-sectional view (top view) and a plan view (bottom view), it can be seen from the representation that in the interior of the fuse the Aktivator- or flux medium 18 is included.
  • FIG. 9 shows examples of different ways of applying the flux or Aktivatorlacks.
  • the upper illustration off FIG. 9 is the above-described manner of soldering the Lotform stressess to the holding elements using the solder paste shown.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)
EP08708973.6A 2007-03-26 2008-02-14 Schmelzsicherung zur unterbrechung eines spannungs- und/oder stromführenden leiters im thermischen fehlerfall und verfahren zur herstellung der schmelzsicherung Not-in-force EP2140469B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007014332 2007-03-26
DE102008003659A DE102008003659A1 (de) 2007-03-26 2008-01-09 Schmelzsicherung zur Unterbrechung eines spannungs- und/oder stromführenden Leiters im thermischen Fehlerfall und Verfahren zur Herstellung der Schmelzsicherung
PCT/EP2008/051769 WO2008116698A1 (de) 2007-03-26 2008-02-14 Schmelzsicherung zur unterbrechung eines spannungs- und/oder stromführenden leiters im thermischen fehlerfall und verfahren zur herstellung der schmelzsicherung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2140469A1 EP2140469A1 (de) 2010-01-06
EP2140469B1 true EP2140469B1 (de) 2013-06-05

Family

ID=39719675

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08708973.6A Not-in-force EP2140469B1 (de) 2007-03-26 2008-02-14 Schmelzsicherung zur unterbrechung eines spannungs- und/oder stromführenden leiters im thermischen fehlerfall und verfahren zur herstellung der schmelzsicherung

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US9093238B2 (ja)
EP (1) EP2140469B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP5183731B2 (ja)
CN (1) CN101641757B (ja)
DE (1) DE102008003659A1 (ja)
WO (1) WO2008116698A1 (ja)

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DE102010038401B4 (de) * 2010-07-26 2013-11-14 Vishay Bccomponents Beyschlag Gmbh Thermosicherung sowie Verwendung einer solchen
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JP5183731B2 (ja) 2013-04-17
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US20100085141A1 (en) 2010-04-08
US9093238B2 (en) 2015-07-28
WO2008116698A1 (de) 2008-10-02
CN101641757A (zh) 2010-02-03
DE102008003659A1 (de) 2008-10-02
EP2140469A1 (de) 2010-01-06

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