EP2139066B1 - Rekonfigurierbare elektromagnetische Antenne - Google Patents

Rekonfigurierbare elektromagnetische Antenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2139066B1
EP2139066B1 EP09163514.4A EP09163514A EP2139066B1 EP 2139066 B1 EP2139066 B1 EP 2139066B1 EP 09163514 A EP09163514 A EP 09163514A EP 2139066 B1 EP2139066 B1 EP 2139066B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
fluid substance
electrodes
antenna according
matrix
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP09163514.4A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2139066A1 (de
Inventor
Emmanuel Dreina
Michel Pons
Marc Berenguer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
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Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
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Publication of EP2139066A1 publication Critical patent/EP2139066A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/01—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the shape of the antenna or antenna system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/364—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith using a particular conducting material, e.g. superconductor

Definitions

  • the present invention is in the field of reconfigurable electromagnetic antennas.
  • reconfigurable antennas There are several types of reconfigurable antennas. For example, there are frequency reconfigurable antennas, antennas reconfigurable in polarization or antennas reconfigurable in radiation pattern.
  • a reconfigurable frequency antenna can adapt its radiation frequency and scan a wide spectrum of frequencies. Such an antenna allows, among other things, the reception on the same terminal of several signals each satisfying a different standard.
  • a reconfigurable polarization antenna can change its polarization state (horizontal, vertical, circular or elliptical) to maximize the received or transmitted power of the signal.
  • An antenna reconfigurable radiation pattern can modify its radiation pattern to adapt its directivity to a propagation environment in order, for example, to limit interference phenomena.
  • the reconfiguration of an antenna is not obtained by a mechanical or physical deformation of the antenna or the elements that compose it.
  • the reconfiguration of an antenna can be obtained by switching certain conductive elements that compose it (radiating element, dielectric, ground plane).
  • the reconfiguration of an antenna can also be obtained by varying impedances connected to certain points of the antenna.
  • the devices used for reconfiguration have intrinsic losses that affect the efficiency of the antenna.
  • the radiating element of this antenna consists of a conductive fluid contained in a cavity.
  • This antenna also includes a fluid control system that selectively allows fluid to be added or withdrawn into the cavity thereby varying the size of the radiating element.
  • the present invention relates, according to a first aspect, to a reconfigurable electromagnetic antenna which comprises a radiating element composed of a fluid substance that conducts electricity, the volume of the fluid substance being variable and which further comprises a matrix of electrodes on which the fluid substance moves by electrowetting.
  • the invention makes it possible to produce an antenna whose radiating element can vary in volume.
  • the phenomenon of electrowetting also allows deformation of the fluid substance in all dimensions.
  • the fluid substance is in the form of at least one drop.
  • the fluid substance is composed of drops, it is easy to vary the volume and the shape of the fluid substance composing the radiating element of the antenna.
  • the antenna according to the invention comprises a reservoir containing the fluid substance and capable of releasing or recovering part of the fluid substance.
  • a part of the fluid substance moves from the reservoir to the electrode matrix or vice versa by electrowetting along an electrode channel.
  • the displacement by electrowetting of the fluid substance is continuous and reversible, thus causing a continuous and reversible deformation of the fluid substance composing the radiating element of the antenna.
  • Reconfiguration of the antenna in frequency, polarization or radiation pattern is continuous and reversible.
  • the antenna according to the invention further comprises a dielectric which electrically isolates the electrodes from the matrix of electrodes and the fluid substance.
  • the presence of a dielectric makes it possible to electrically isolate the electrodes from the electrode matrix and the fluid substance and thus to create a potential difference between the electrodes and the fluid substance.
  • the antenna comprises a radiofrequency port in contact with the fluid substance.
  • the radiofrequency port in contact with the fluid substance composing the radiating element of the antenna makes it possible to make the latter active.
  • the radiofrequency port is a differential port.
  • the antenna according to the invention comprises a ground plane.
  • the ground plane makes it possible to produce antenna structures requiring this type of element such as, for example, planar antennas (for patch in English) or antennas of PIFA type (for Planar Inverted F Antenna in English).
  • the antenna according to the invention further comprises at least one short-circuit element connecting the ground plane to the fluid substance.
  • the short circuit elements make it possible to increase the possible number of configurations of the antenna.
  • the antenna according to the invention comprises a capsule enclosing the various constituent elements of the antenna.
  • the presence of a capsule facilitates the integration of the antenna in any type of device.
  • the invention also relates to a terminal incorporating an antenna as described above.
  • the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a reconfigurable electromagnetic antenna comprising a radiating element composed of an electrically conductive fluid substance, the volume of the fluid substance being variable, which method comprises an insertion step of an electrode matrix on which the fluid substance moves by electrowetting.
  • the figure 1 represents a perspective view of an antenna according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • the reconfigurable electromagnetic antenna according to the invention comprises a fluid substance F, which conducts electricity.
  • the fluid substance F is in the form of one or more drops.
  • the antenna also includes an RF radio frequency port for transmitting and receiving radio frequency signals.
  • the RF port is a conductive element that is in contact with at least one drop of the fluid substance.
  • the part of the fluid substance F in contact with the radiofrequency port RF corresponds to the active radiating element of the antenna.
  • This part of the fluid substance F in contact with the radiofrequency port is composed of at least one drop of fluid substance F.
  • the radiating element is composed of several drops, not all the drops need to be in contact with each other. with RF radio port. It suffices then that a drop is in contact with the radiofrequency RF port and that the other drops are in contact with each other and with the drop in contact with the RF radio frequency port.
  • One or more drops of the fluid substance F can be isolated and correspond to passive elements of the antenna.
  • the fluid substance F corresponding to the radiating element of the antenna is presented in the form of several drops. This illustration should not be considered as limiting of the invention.
  • the fluid substance F is made conductive electricity by the introduction into this substance of a conductive substance or particles or fragments of a conductive element. These particles or fragments may be carbon nanotubes or other conductive filaments.
  • the antenna also comprises an electrode matrix M composed of electrodes E.
  • the electrode matrix M is covered with a first substrate or dielectric D 1 which electrically isolates the electrodes E and the drops.
  • the dielectric D 1 may comprise one or more layers of different materials.
  • the layer in contact with the electrodes is of hydrophobic material having a low surface tension such as, for example, Teflon.
  • the RF port is a conductive element that passes through the matrix of electrodes M, the dielectric D 1 to be in contact with at least one drop of the fluid substance F.
  • the figure 2 represents a sectional view along a vertical axis of an antenna according to the first embodiment of the invention.
  • This figure shows three drops of the fluid substance F.
  • the fluid substance F is separated from the matrix of electrodes M by the dielectric D 1 .
  • the RF port passes through the matrix of electrodes M, the dielectric D 1 and is in contact with a drop of the fluid substance F.
  • the figure 3 represents a sectional view along a vertical axis of a variant of an antenna according to the first embodiment of the invention.
  • the radiofrequency port is a differential port.
  • the differential RF port is composed of two conductive elements RF 1 and RF 2 which pass through the electrode matrix M, the dielectric 1 and D are each in contact with at least one drop of the fluid substance F.
  • the radio frequency signal is then transmitted differentially to the antenna.
  • This variant makes it possible, for example, to produce dipole or loop type antennas.
  • the antenna formed according to the first embodiment of the invention described above operates in the following manner.
  • the drops of the fluid substance F move on the matrix of electrodes M by "electrowetting", that is to say by application of a potential difference (device not shown in FIG. figure 1 ) between the electrodes E.
  • a potential difference can also be created between the drops and the electrodes E.
  • a variable volume of the fluid substance F can be brought into contact with the radio frequency port RF. Contacting a portion or all of the conductive fluid F with the RF port allows the antenna to receive the radio frequency signal.
  • the part, formed of at least one drop, of the fluid substance F in contact with the radiofrequency port RF corresponds to the active radiating element of the antenna.
  • an antenna is produced whose radiant active element can vary in volume and shape.
  • the surface of the volume of the conducting fluid F in contact with the dielectric D 1 can vary.
  • the shape of this surface in contact with the dielectric D 1 can also vary.
  • the angle of contact between each of the points of the surface of the volume of the conductive fluid substance F and the dielectric D 1 can also vary.
  • the evolution of the properties of the antenna is obtained by a reorganization of the drops of the fluid substance F with, where appropriate, a change in the number of drops used to form the radiating active element.
  • the part of the fluid substance F which is not in contact with the RF port acts as a passive element and makes it possible to modify the properties of the antenna, especially in terms of frequency and radiation pattern.
  • the figure 4 represents a perspective view of an antenna according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • the antenna comprises a reservoir R which contains a fluid substance F '.
  • the reservoir R is able to release a portion, particularly in the form of drops, of the fluid substance F 'to an electrode matrix M' composed of electrodes E '.
  • the fluid substance F ' is separated from the electrode matrix M' by a dielectric D ' 1 .
  • the reservoir R can also recover a portion, particularly in the form of drops, of the fluid substance F 'from the matrix of electrodes M'.
  • the drops of the fluid substance F ' move from the reservoir R to the electrode matrix M' or vice versa from the electrode matrix M 'to the reservoir R by electrowetting along a channel C of electrodes.
  • the electrode channel C connects the reservoir R to the electrode matrix M '.
  • the reservoir R makes it possible to release or recover drops of the fluid substance F 'according to the needs and more particularly according to the desired changes in the properties of the antenna.
  • the antenna may not include a passive element.
  • the figure 5 is a top view of a schematic representation of the invention according to the second embodiment described above.
  • the reservoir R connected to the matrix of electrodes M ' is observed by the electrode channel C.
  • the matrix of electrodes M 'and the channel C of electrodes comprise a set of electrodes E'.
  • the figure 6 represents a perspective view of a variant of an antenna according to the invention.
  • the antenna further comprises a ground plane P.
  • the ground plane P is a conducting plane located under the matrix of electrodes M '.
  • the matrix of electrodes M ' is electrically isolated from the ground plane P by a second substrate or dielectric D' 2 .
  • the fluid substance F ' is separated from the electrode matrix M' by the dielectric D ' 1 .
  • the port R'F ' passes through the ground plane P, the dielectric D' 2 , the electrode matrix M ', the dielectric D' 1 before being in contact with a drop of the fluid substance F '.
  • the figure 6 also shows the reservoir R and the electrode channel C according to the chosen illustrative mode of this variant of the invention.
  • the ground plane makes it possible, for example, to obtain a planar antenna (for patch in English) or a PIFA antenna (for Planar Inverted F Antenna in English).
  • the figure 7 represents another variant of an antenna according to the invention from the variant described above.
  • the antenna comprises elements of short circuit CC.
  • These short circuit elements CC are electrically conductive elements which are connected to the ground plane P and pass through the dielectrics D ' 1 and D' 2 so as to be in contact with the fluid substance F '.
  • the short circuit elements CC are not in contact with the electrodes E 'of the electrode matrix M'.
  • the figure 7 also shows the reservoir R and the electrode channel C according to the chosen illustrative mode of this variant of the invention.
  • the conducting fluid F ' is both in contact with the port R'F' and one of the short-circuit elements CC, it is possible to obtain, for example, a PIFA type antenna, whose properties differ from each other. a patch antenna.
  • the number and positioning of short circuit elements CC can be variable. According to one variant, at least one of these short circuit elements CC is connected to an electric dipole (impedance, switch, varicap, etc.), which makes it possible to modify the properties of the antenna.
  • an electric dipole impedance, switch, varicap, etc.
  • the figure 8 represents a sectional view of the antenna according to one of the preceding encapsulated variants.
  • the antenna according to the invention is enclosed in a capsule S.
  • the various constituent elements of the antenna such as, for example, the ground plane P, the radio frequency port RF, the matrix of electrodes M, the dielectrics D 1 and D 2 and the fluid substance F are enclosed in a capsule P consisting of a rigid or semi rigid material.
  • a capsule P consisting of a rigid or semi rigid material.
  • One of the planes L of the capsule P is parallel to the surface of the matrix of electrodes M and in contact with the drops of the fluid substance F.
  • the space G not occupied by the fluid substance F may consist of air, a gas or other non-conductive fluid substance.
  • the invention also relates to a radiocommunication terminal or any communicating object adapted to receive an antenna according to the invention.
  • the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a reconfigurable electromagnetic antenna comprising a radiating element composed of a fluid substance (F, F ') conducting electricity, the volume of the fluid substance (F, F') being variable.
  • This method comprises a step of inserting an electrode matrix (M, M ') on which the fluid substance (F, F') moves by electrowetting.

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Claims (12)

  1. Rekonfigurierbare elektromagnetische Antenne, umfassend ein aus einer elektrisch leitenden Fluid-Substanz (F, F') gebildetes strahlendes Element, wobei das Volumen der Fluid-Substanz (F, F') variabel ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie weiterhin eine Elektroden-Matrix (M, M') umfasst, auf welcher sich die Fluid-Substanz (F, F') durch Elektrobenetzung bewegt.
  2. Antenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fluid-Substanz (F, F') in der Form von wenigstens einem Tropfen vorliegt.
  3. Antenne nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie einen Behälter (R) umfasst, der die Fluid-Substanz (F') enthält und dazu geeignet ist, einen Teil der Fluid-Substanz (F') freizusetzen oder zurückzubekommen.
  4. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Teil der Fluid-Substanz (F') sich durch Elektrobenetzung entlang einem Elektroden-Kanal (C) von dem Behälter (R) zu der Elektroden-Matrix (M') bewegt oder umgekehrt.
  5. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie weiter ein Dielektrikum (D1, D1') umfasst, welches die Elektroden (E, E') der Elektroden-Matrix (M, M') und die Fluid-Substanz (F, F') elektrisch isoliert.
  6. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie einen Funkfrequenz-Anschluss (RF, R'F') in Kontakt mit der Fluid-Substanz (F, F') umfasst.
  7. Antenne nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Funkfrequenz-Anschluss (RF, R'F') ein differenzieller Anschluss ist.
  8. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie weiterhin eine Masse-Ebene (P) umfasst.
  9. Antenne nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie weiter wenigstens ein Kurzschluss-Element (CC) umfasst, welches die Masse-Ebene (P) mit der Fluid-Substanz (F, F') verbindet.
  10. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie weiter eine Kapsel (S) umfasst, welche die verschiedenen Bestandteile der Antenne einschließt.
  11. Funkverkehr-Terminal, umfassend eine Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10.
  12. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer rekonfigurierbaren elektromagnetischen Antenne, welche ein aus einer elektrisch leitenden Fluid-Substanz (F, F') gebildetes strahlendes Element umfasst, wobei das Volumen der Fluid-Substanz (F, F') variabel ist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es einen Schritt umfasst, eine Elektroden-Matrix (M, M') einzusetzen, auf welcher die Fluid-Substanz (F, F') sich durch Elektrobenetzung bewegt.
EP09163514.4A 2008-06-27 2009-06-23 Rekonfigurierbare elektromagnetische Antenne Active EP2139066B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0854343 2008-06-27

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EP2139066A1 EP2139066A1 (de) 2009-12-30
EP2139066B1 true EP2139066B1 (de) 2014-05-14

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US (1) US8125393B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2139066B1 (de)
CN (1) CN101615714B (de)

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US9293821B2 (en) * 2009-07-08 2016-03-22 The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. Electronic devices, such as antennas, having fluidic constructs that permit reconfiguration of the devices
US9184496B2 (en) * 2009-07-08 2015-11-10 The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. Inductors having fluidic constructs that permit reconfiguration of the inductors
US8952863B2 (en) 2010-12-17 2015-02-10 Nokia Corporation Strain-tunable antenna and associated methods
US8797221B2 (en) 2011-12-07 2014-08-05 Utah State University Reconfigurable antennas utilizing liquid metal elements
WO2013106106A2 (en) 2012-01-09 2013-07-18 Utah State University Reconfigurable antennas utilizing parasitic pixel layers
US9024825B2 (en) * 2012-11-23 2015-05-05 Htc Corporation Mobile devices with conductive liquid antennas and related methods
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US9716313B1 (en) * 2013-07-06 2017-07-25 University Of South Florida Microfluidic beam scanning focal plane arrays
CN104577307B (zh) * 2013-10-21 2019-07-05 中兴通讯股份有限公司 一种天线、天线控制方法及移动终端
US9899732B2 (en) * 2016-02-15 2018-02-20 The Boeing Company Structural reconfigurable antenna
US11158939B2 (en) * 2016-11-10 2021-10-26 University Of South Florida Mm-wave wireless channel control using spatially adaptive antenna arrays
CN107302132B (zh) * 2017-05-23 2019-09-24 中国计量大学 一种可调拓宽天线频段的天线
US10931004B2 (en) 2017-09-22 2021-02-23 Duke University Enhanced MIMO communication systems using reconfigurable metasurface antennas and methods of using same
CN111106433B (zh) * 2018-10-29 2022-07-22 中兴通讯股份有限公司 频率可重构天线、控制方法及通讯装置

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Publication number Publication date
CN101615714A (zh) 2009-12-30
EP2139066A1 (de) 2009-12-30
CN101615714B (zh) 2015-04-01
US20090322646A1 (en) 2009-12-31
US8125393B2 (en) 2012-02-28

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