EP0961344B1 - Funkkommunikationseinrichtung und eine Schlitz-Schleifenantenne - Google Patents

Funkkommunikationseinrichtung und eine Schlitz-Schleifenantenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0961344B1
EP0961344B1 EP99401110A EP99401110A EP0961344B1 EP 0961344 B1 EP0961344 B1 EP 0961344B1 EP 99401110 A EP99401110 A EP 99401110A EP 99401110 A EP99401110 A EP 99401110A EP 0961344 B1 EP0961344 B1 EP 0961344B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
slot
substrate
conductive layer
area
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99401110A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0961344A1 (de
Inventor
Christophe Grangeat
Charles Ngounou Kouam
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Alcatel Lucent SAS
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Alcatel CIT SA
Alcatel SA
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Publication of EP0961344A1 publication Critical patent/EP0961344A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H01Q13/106—Microstrip slot antennas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to radio communication devices, in particular portable radio telephones, and more particularly to antennas that may be included in such devices.
  • Such an antenna is advantageously produced according to a planar technique which applies both to the production of lines transmitting signals and to that of antennas coupling between such lines and radiated waves. It is formed by etching a conductive layer deposited on the upper surface of a dielectric substrate.
  • a device more specifically includes a planar antenna having a loop-shaped resonant slot.
  • Such an antenna comprises a chip constituted by a fraction of said conductive layer.
  • Said slot separates this pellet from a conductive pad constituted by another fraction of the same conductive layer. This range constitutes a mass of the antenna. It almost completely surrounds this pellet so that the resonant slit forms an open loop around the pellet.
  • the antennas produced using this technique constitute resonant structures suitable for being the seat of stationary electromagnetic waves. It is through these stationary waves that the antenna performs its function of coupling with electromagnetic waves radiated in space. Various forms can be taken by these standing waves and respectively correspond to various modes of resonance of these structures. Each mode of resonance can be described as resulting from the superposition of two waves propagating in the two opposite directions on the same path and reflecting alternately at both ends of this path. This path is defined by the constituent elements of the antenna. It will be called hereinafter "resonance path". It follows the length of the loop-shaped slot in the case of the normal resonance mode of the aforementioned antennas.
  • the resonant frequency is inversely proportional for each mode at the time during which a progressive wave considered above traverses said resonance path.
  • Several resonance modes can be established on the same resonance path and then cause several resonance frequencies to appear respectively corresponding to these modes.
  • a mode can be defined by a number which will be hereinafter called “number of waves” and which is the number of wavelengths of a wave whose frequency is equal to the resonant frequency corresponding to this mode. this number of wavelengths being that contained in the length of this path.
  • the resonant frequency is proportional to this number. This number is typically close to a small integer or a fraction whose denominator is two or four.
  • the expression "resonance mode” will sometimes be replaced hereinafter by the term "resonance”.
  • connection assembly typically comprises a connection line external to this antenna and connecting this one to this organ.
  • One end of this line forms a coupling device that is included in this antenna.
  • the respective functions of the coupling device, the connection line and the antenna are as follows: the function of the connection line is to carry a radio frequency signal or microwave from the transmitter to the antenna terminals. Throughout such a line the signal propagates in the form of a progressive wave without undergoing, at least in principle, significant modification of its characteristics.
  • the function of the coupling device is to transform the signal supplied by the connecting line so that this signal excites a resonance of the antenna, that is to say that the energy of the progressive wave carrying this signal is transferred to a useful standing wave established in the antenna with characteristics defined by the latter.
  • the effectiveness of such a transfer is related to an impedance matching that is to be achieved between the connecting line and the resonant structure.
  • This adaptation is generally imperfect, that is to say that the coupling device reflects a portion of the energy to the connection line which gives rise in the latter to a parasitic standing wave.
  • the amplitude of this parasitic wave defines a stationary wave ratio. This rate varies according to the frequency and the diagram of this variation defines the bandwidth (s) of the antenna.
  • the antenna transfers the energy of the useful standing wave to a radiated wave in space.
  • the signal provided by the issuer is thus a first transformation to move from the shape of a progressive wave to that of a standing wave, then a second transformation which gives it the shape of a radiated wave.
  • the signal takes the same forms in the same organs but it takes them in reverse order.
  • the coupling device typically has the form of a coplanar line formed in the same conductive layer as the antenna.
  • This line comprises a main conductor connecting to the pellet and surrounded by two ground conductors connecting to the ground of the antenna on either side of the opening of the loop.
  • connection assembly of an antenna is often designated as constituting a supply line of this antenna.
  • the present invention relates to the production of various types of apparatus.
  • These devices include portable radiotelephones, base stations for the latter, automobiles and aircraft or air missiles.
  • the antenna included in such a device can be shaped to this profile so as not to do appearing additional aerodynamic drag annoying.
  • it remains desirable that the transmit or receive lobes of the antenna are directed towards the outside of the device.
  • auxiliary conductive layers have been associated with many known planar antennas having loop-shaped resonant slots. Such a layer is typically formed on the lower surface of the antenna substrate. It then has the effect that the waves emitted by the antenna are directed in the solid angle extending above the plane of the antenna.
  • a first such known antenna is disclosed in US Patent No. 4,063,246 (Greiser). It comprises a rectangular pellet. It has a resonant cleft in the form of a loop which surrounds this pellet. This slot is the seat of a resonance mode established along its length and corresponding to a number of waves which is approximately the number one.
  • the auxiliary conductive layer of this antenna constitutes a lower mass because it is connected through the substrate to the upper mass located in the plane of the pellet.
  • the coupling with radiated waves is made from the resonant slot. This slot is then called “radiative".
  • the mass of the antenna extends over a large width from the resonant slot.
  • This type of antenna is usually referred to as "coplanar antenna”.
  • a second known antenna differs from the previous by the use of a different resonance mode. It is described in an article: Microwave and Optical Technology Letters / Vol. 6, No. 5, April 1993, p. 292-294, COMPACT SLOT LOOP ANTENNA, Cal M. PS Kooi, and MS Leong.
  • the number of resonance mode waves used is approximately 1/2, ie the perimeter of the patch extends over a half wavelength of the wave of this mode, this mode can be called "half-wave resonance".
  • the radiative zone is then mainly constituted by the outer edges of the upper mass surrounding the pellet and the width of this upper mass must be limited thereto.
  • the choice of this width makes it possible to adjust the impedance presented by the antenna for the connection assembly.
  • the lower mass layer is advantageously more extensive than the upper mass to avoid the appearance of significant lateral lobes in the spatial distribution of transmission-reception.
  • This type of antenna is called internationally "slot loop antenna" for "loop slot antenna”.
  • This second known antenna has a disadvantage that can be common to the first known antenna and that is only a fraction of the power injected into the antenna is useful in some cases, that is to say that only this fraction is transferred in these cases to the desired half-wave resonance.
  • Another fraction of this injected power can be a parasitic fraction which is transferred to parasitic resonance modes. While said half-wave resonance is established on a path constituted by the looped slot with electric field lines extending between the chip and the upper mass, these parasitic modes are the modes which are called in English "parallel plate modes "for" parallel plate modes ". They are characterized in particular by electric field lines extending through the substrate between firstly the upper conductive layer including the pellet and the upper mass, and secondly the lower mass.
  • This third known antenna is described in an article: ELECTRONICS LETTERS, vol.32, No. 18, 29th August 1996, P. 1633-1635 Forma et al. "Compact Oscillating Loop Antenna Slot with Conductor Backing".
  • dielectric substrate used to carry the upper conductive layer and the lower mass it comprises another dielectric layer which covers the upper conductive layer and has a dielectric constant higher than that of this substrate.
  • This other dielectric layer is added for two purposes: one is to slow the useful traveling waves that propagate along the short-distance loop slit above and below below the antenna plane. The other goal is not to slow down the waves that propagate throughout the thickness of the substrate and can give rise to parasitic modes. The effect of the difference in speeds thus created is to favor the desired half-wave resonance.
  • the fourth known antenna is described in an article: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, Vol.43 No. 10, October 1995, p. 1143-1148, Liu et al. "Radiation of Printed Antennas with a Coplanar Waveguide Feed".
  • the purpose of using two dielectric layers is the same as in the third known antenna except that the two layers of different dielectric constants are both interposed between the upper conductive layer and the lower one. That is, the substrate is then composite.
  • the present invention also relates to a radiocommunication device, characterized in that it comprises such an antenna.
  • the antenna further comprises a coupling device.
  • this device has the form of a transmission line coplanar type. It comprises on the one hand a main conductor constituted by a longitudinal coupling tape 18 extending on the upper surface of the substrate. This ribbon is connected to the chip 6 in the middle of said rear edge 50.
  • This device also comprises a ground conductor 20 constituted by a third and a fourth fraction of the upper conductive layer, these two fractions being located on both sides. The other of the ribbon 18.
  • the electric field lines of the traveling waves guided by this transmission line are established through two longitudinal slots separating this ribbon from these two fractions.
  • this coupling device constitutes all or part of a connection assembly which connects the resonant structure of the antenna to a said signal processing member.
  • this assembly further comprises a connecting line which is external to the antenna.
  • connection line external to the antenna has been symbolically represented in the form of two conducting wires 28 and 30. These two wires respectively connect the coupling strip 18 and the ground conductor 20 to a signal terminal 14 and to a ground terminal 16 of the signal processing unit 12. But it must be understood that such a line would be in practice preferably in the form of a coplanar line, a microstrip line or a coaxial line.
  • the signal processing unit 12 is adapted to operate at predetermined operating frequencies which are at least close to the useful resonance frequency of the antenna, ie which are included in a bandwidth centered on this frequency of resonance. It can be composite and then have an element permanently assigned to each of these operating frequencies. It may also include a tunable element on the various operating frequencies.
  • This resonance frequency F is such that the product PxF of this frequency by said perimeter P of the pellet is close to half V / 2 of an average propagation velocity V of an electromagnetic wave having this frequency and propagating in this antenna along said resonant slot. That is, this frequency is that of a so-called half-wave resonance.
  • said auxiliary conductive layer is decoupled from said resonant structure and from said signal processing element at least for any signal having a said radio frequency, said operating frequencies constituting in particular such frequencies.
  • This decoupling allows this layer to reflect said radiated electromagnetic waves without substantially altering said useful resonant frequency defined by this structure so that this layer constitutes a wave reflector 4.
  • This wave reflector function is different from that of ground layers which extend over the lower surface of the substrate of known loop slot antennas.
  • This invention takes advantage of the fact that when such a lower ground layer of known antennas allows the development of parasitic modes of the type of parallel plates, it is because this layer is connected to the antenna mass formed by the upper conductive layer .
  • the area occupied by the wave reflector on the lower surface of the substrate includes that occupied by the resonant structure on the upper surface of the substrate. It may be advantageous in certain cases of application that the area of the reflector overflows the area of the resonant structure to greatly limit the emission of parasitic waves radiated to the areas below the plane of the antenna. It may be advantageous in other cases to substantially coincide these two areas to achieve a more compact antenna while sufficiently limiting the emission of such parasitic waves.
  • said area occupied by the wave reflector excludes the area occupied by said reflector.
  • coupling device on the upper surface of the substrate This arrangement prevents parasitic coupling occurring between the resonant structure and the wave reflector via the coupling device.
  • Such insulation is provided both with respect to the direct current and with respect to alternating currents. It helps to limit the risk of parasitic coupling.
  • Means for producing it are constituted inter alia by the substrate 2 and by a separating layer 22 which will be described hereinafter.
  • the radiocommunication device further comprises a spacing means for maintaining a predetermined decoupling distance between said wave reflector 4 and an object approaching this reflector on the side of said lower surface of this reflector.
  • said spacing means is constituted by an electrically insulating separating layer 22 fixed on said lower surface of this reflector 4, this layer having a thickness constituting said decoupling distance.
  • said separating layer 22 is made of a material having a relative permittivity of less than 2 and more preferably close to unity.
  • the thickness of this layer must indeed be chosen sufficiently large and its dielectric constant represented by its relative permittivity must be chosen sufficiently small to avoid or at least limit parasitic capacitive coupling between the reflector and any component or conductor subject to variations in electrical potential at a said radio frequency. Such coupling is to be feared in the case where this component or conductor can come into contact with this separating layer.
  • Such components or conductors are included in particular in the signal processing member. Therefore, more preferably, and for the purpose of compactness, said separating layer 22 is interposed between said wave reflector 4 and said signal processing member 12. It is for example constituted by an organic polymer having the shape a rigid foam, or a massive material of very small dielectric constant.
  • the diagram of FIG. 4 has been plotted from measurements made on the antenna whose numerical characteristics have been indicated above.
  • the 0 dB level corresponds to the upper horizontal registration line.
  • the difference between two horizontal registration lines is 10 dB.
  • the extreme frequencies of the scale shown are 700 and 2000 MHz.
  • the resonance peak presented by the diagram corresponds to the useful resonance frequency F previously indicated.

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  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Transceivers (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Schlitz-Schleifenantenne, wobei diese Antenne folgendes enthält:
    - ein dielektrisches Substrat (2), das eine untere und eine obere Fläche hat,
    - eine leitende Hilfsschicht (4), die sich auf dieser unteren Fläche des Substrats erstreckt und auf dieser unteren Fläche einen Bereich hat,
    - eine obere leitende Schicht (6, 8), die sich auf dieser oberen Fläche des Substrats erstreckt und folgendes bildet:
    - eine Pastille (6), wobei diese leitende Hilfsschicht von dieser Pastille getrennt ist, und
    - eine Antennenmasse (8), welche diese Pastille umgibt, wobei sie von dieser Pastille durch einen Schlitz getrennt ist und dieser Schlitz einen Resonanzschlitz (10) bildet,
    wobei diese Pastille, dieser Schlitz und diese Masse eine Resonanzstruktur bilden, und diese Struktur einen Bereich auf dieser oberen Fläche des Substrats hat, und dieser Bereich etwa eingeschlossen ist in diesen Bereich der leitenden Hilfsschicht, wobei diese leitende Hilfsschicht (4) außerdem von dieser Antennenmasse (8) isoliert ist, so dass ein Wellenreflektor für abgestrahlte elektromagnetische Wellen gebildet wird, die von dieser Resonanzstruktur gesendet oder empfangen werden;
    diese Antenne enthält außerdem eine Kopplungsvorrichtung, die aus dieser oberen leitenden Schicht (6, 8) gebildet wird, wobei diese Kopplungsvorrichtung die Form einer koplanaren Leitung aufweist, die einen Bereich auf diese oberen Fläche des Substrats hat, wobei diese Kopplungsvorrichtung folgendes beinhaltet:
    - ein Kopplungsband (18), das an diese Pastille angeschlossen wird, und
    - einen Erdleiter (20), der an diese Antennenmasse angeschlossen wird und sich zu beiden Seiten dieses Kopplungsbandes erstreckt, wobei er gleichzeitig von diesem Band durch einen Schlitz von jeder dieser genannten Seiten dieses Bandes getrennt ist;
    wobei diese Schlitz-Schleifenantenne dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass dieser Bereich des Wellenreflektors (4) diesen Bereich der Kopplungsvorrichtung ausschließt.
  2. Schlitz-Schleifenantenne gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei diese Antenne dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass der genannte Wellenreflektor (4) eine elektrisch isolierende Trennschicht (22) trägt, auf einer Seite dieses Reflektors, die dem genannten Substrat (2) entgegen gesetzt ist.
  3. Schlitz-Schleifenantenne gemäß Anspruch 2, wobei diese Antenne dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass diese Trennschicht (22) eine Dicke zwischen 5 und 10 mm hat.
  4. Funkkommunikationseinrichtung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine Antenne gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche enthält.
  5. Funkkommunikationseinrichtung gemäß Anspruch 4, wobei diese Einrichtung dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass die Trennschicht (22) einen festgelegten Entkopplungsabstand zwischen diesem Wellenreflektor (4) und einem Gegenstand aufrechterhält, der sich diesem Reflektor von der Seite dieser unteren Fläche dieses Reflektors nähert.
  6. Funkkommunikationseinrichtung gemäß Anspruch 5, wobei diese Einrichtung dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass diese Trennschicht (22) aus einem Material besteht, das eine relative Dielektrizitätskonstante kleiner 2 hat.
  7. Funkkommunikationseinrichtung gemäß Anspruch 5, wobei diese Einrichtung dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass diese Trennschicht (22) zwischen diesem Wellenreflektor (4) und diesem Signalverarbeitungsorgan (12) eingefügt ist.
  8. Funkkommunikationseinrichtung gemäß Anspruch 5, wobei diese Einrichtung ein mobiles Endgerät für ein Funktelefonienetz bildet und außerdem enthält:
    - ein Mikrofon (24), um ein elektrisches Signal zu modulieren, das von diesem Signalverarbeitungsorgan (12) an diese Schlitz-Schleifenantenne (1) gesendet wird, und
    - einen Hörer (26), um ein akustisches Signal zu liefern, das für eine Modulation eines elektrischen Signals typisch ist, das von diesem Signalverarbeitungsorgan von dieser Antenne herkommend empfangen wurde,
    wobei der genannte Wellenreflektor (4) zwischen dieser Resonanzstruktur (6, 8, 10) der Antenne und mindestens diesem Hörer eingefügt ist.
EP99401110A 1998-05-28 1999-05-06 Funkkommunikationseinrichtung und eine Schlitz-Schleifenantenne Expired - Lifetime EP0961344B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9806765A FR2779276B1 (fr) 1998-05-28 1998-05-28 Dispositif de radiocommunication et antenne a fente en boucle
FR9806765 1998-05-28

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EP0961344A1 EP0961344A1 (de) 1999-12-01
EP0961344B1 true EP0961344B1 (de) 2006-09-06

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US (1) US20010050651A1 (de)
EP (1) EP0961344B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4118449B2 (de)
CN (1) CN1168182C (de)
AT (1) ATE339018T1 (de)
AU (1) AU3125799A (de)
CA (1) CA2272007A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69933085T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2779276B1 (de)
TW (1) TW431028B (de)

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Publication number Publication date
CN1237807A (zh) 1999-12-08
FR2779276B1 (fr) 2000-07-13
TW431028B (en) 2001-04-21
CN1168182C (zh) 2004-09-22
ATE339018T1 (de) 2006-09-15
AU3125799A (en) 1999-12-09
DE69933085T2 (de) 2007-04-12
US20010050651A1 (en) 2001-12-13
FR2779276A1 (fr) 1999-12-03
JP4118449B2 (ja) 2008-07-16
EP0961344A1 (de) 1999-12-01
DE69933085D1 (de) 2006-10-19
CA2272007A1 (fr) 1999-11-28
JP2000068731A (ja) 2000-03-03

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