EP0923157B1 - In Mikrostreifenleitungstechnik ausgeführte Antenne und diese enthaltende Vorrichtung - Google Patents

In Mikrostreifenleitungstechnik ausgeführte Antenne und diese enthaltende Vorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0923157B1
EP0923157B1 EP98403061A EP98403061A EP0923157B1 EP 0923157 B1 EP0923157 B1 EP 0923157B1 EP 98403061 A EP98403061 A EP 98403061A EP 98403061 A EP98403061 A EP 98403061A EP 0923157 B1 EP0923157 B1 EP 0923157B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
coupling
impedance
patch
strip
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP98403061A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0923157A1 (de
Inventor
Christophe Grangeat
Charles Ngounou
Jean-Philippe Coupez
Francois Lepennec
Serge Toutain
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Alcatel CIT SA
Alcatel Lucent SAS
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Alcatel CIT SA
Alcatel SA
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
    • H01Q5/357—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the antennas produced according to the microstrip technique.
  • Such an antenna is typically used in a spectral domain including radiofrequencies and microwaves. She includes a patch which is typically formed by etching a metallic layer. It is called in English by specialists "microstrip patch antenna "for" microstrip type patch antenna ".
  • the presentation will be sometimes limited below for the purpose of simplification to the sole case of an antenna transmitter connected to a transmitter. But it must be understood that the described provisions could also apply in the case of antennas receivers connected to a receiver. For the same purpose it will be accepted that the substrate has the shape of a horizontal sheet.
  • a first type can be called "half-wave”.
  • the antenna is then called “half-wave” or "electric”.
  • half-wave or "electric”.
  • a dimension of its pellet constitutes a length and extends in a so-called longitudinal direction, this length is substantially equal to half the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave is propagating in this direction in the line formed by the mass, the substrate and pellet.
  • the coupling with the radiated waves is made at ends of this length, these ends being located in regions where the amplitude of the electric field prevailing in the substrate is maximum.
  • a second type of resonant structure that can be produced according to this same technique can be called “quarter wave”.
  • the antenna is then called “quarter wave” or “magnetic". It differs from a half-wave antenna on the one hand by the fact that its pellet has a substantially equal length at a quarter of the wavelength, this length of the patch and this length wave being defined as above, on the other hand by the fact that a short circuit important is made at one end of this length between the mass and the patch so as to impose a quarter-wave type resonance whose an electric field node is fixed by this short circuit. Coupling with the radiated waves is done at the other end of this length, this other end being located in the region where the amplitude of the electric field at through the substrate is maximum.
  • the coupling of such an antenna to a device for processing signal such as a transmitter is typically done through non only of a coupling device included in this antenna, but also an external connection line to this antenna and connecting the device for coupling to the signal processing device. If we consider a global functional chain including signal processing device, line connection, the coupling device and the resonant structure, it the coupling device and the connection line should be made so that this chain has a uniform impedance on its entire length, which avoids stray reflections opposing a good coupling.
  • the respective functions of the coupling device, the connection line and antenna are as follows:
  • the function of the connection line is to carry a radio frequency or microwave signal from the transmitter to the antenna terminals. Throughout such a line the signal is propagates in the form of a traveling wave without undergoing, at least in principle, significant modification of its characteristics.
  • the function of coupling device is to transform the signal supplied by the line of connection so that this signal excites a resonance of the antenna, i.e. the energy of the traveling wave carrying this signal is transferred to a standing wave establishing itself in the antenna with characteristics defined by the latter. As for the antenna, it transfers the energy of this standing wave to a wave radiated in space.
  • the signal supplied by the transmitter thus undergoes a first transformation for to pass from the shape of a progressive wave to that of a standing wave, then a second transformation which gives it the shape of a wave radiated.
  • a first transformation for to pass from the shape of a progressive wave to that of a standing wave then a second transformation which gives it the shape of a wave radiated.
  • the signal takes the same forms in the same organs but the transformations are done in order and in the opposite direction.
  • connection lines can be made according to a technique other than planar, for example in the form of coaxial lines.
  • Antennas produced using planar techniques are included in various types of devices. These devices include portable radiotelephones, base stations for the latter, automobiles and airplanes or air missiles. In the case of a portable radiotelephone the continuous nature of the mass layer bottom of this antenna makes it easy to limit the power of radiation intercepted by the body of the user of the device. In the case automobiles and especially in that of planes or missiles whose surface exterior is metallic and has a curved profile to obtain low aerodynamic drag, the antenna can be shaped to this profile so as not to show aerodynamic drag additional annoying.
  • a first antenna produced using the microstrip technique is known from an article by T.D. Ormiston, P. Gardner, and P.S. Hall "Microstrip Short-circuit Patch Design Equations", Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 16, No. 1, September 1997, page 12-14. She is from quarter wave type.
  • FIG 1 of this article the substrate and the mass of this antenna are not shown but the presence of a substrate and a layer of mass is implicit under the pellet and the microstrip shown.
  • an edge of its pad has a short circuit formed in a conductive layer extending over a wafer surface of the substrate.
  • This short circuit is composite, i.e. it is made up of two conductors with the form of vertical bands. These extend laterally respectively to the two ends of the width of the patch while leaving a free axial gap between them.
  • Feeding means are provided by this article to allow to feed the antenna from a transmitter. They are designated by the terms "microstrip”, that is to say that they are made according to the technique of microstrip. Although this is not explained in any way in this article, it is clear that such means fulfill the two functions which have been previously specified for the coupling device and the line of connection. From Figure 1 of this article it appears that the line of connection is a conventional microstrip line. A driver main of this line is a ribbon shown located in the plane of the pellet. A ground conductor of this line belongs to the layer of mass not shown which is common to this line, to the coupling and antenna.
  • the coupling device has the form of a ribbon longitudinal horizontal. It is presented as belonging to a line of the type microstrip extending the ribbon from the connection line.
  • This ribbon can be called coupling tape. It enters the area of the pellet through the edge of the short circuit. It then extends into this area from this edge between two notches and connects to the patch at a connection point internal of this patch, that is to say at a point inside this area.
  • These two notches are provided in this article to allow penetration of the coupling tape to the appropriate connection point. They correspond to the two edges of the axial gap of the short circuit.
  • This first known antenna has the disadvantage that its food, or more generally its coupling to the processing organ of signal, can only be usefully obtained thanks to a precise adjustment of various parameters. These parameters include the width and the length of the two notches mentioned above and the width of the ribbon coupling and they have to be adjusted to give a suitable value to the impedance of the antenna. Their values, and more particularly that of this length, must be brought between tolerance limits very close to each other and difficult to predetermine. In the case of an industrial manufacture of such antennas in series, this difficulty adjustment can increase manufacturing costs in a troublesome way.
  • a second antenna produced using the microstrips is known from patent document WO 94/24723 (Wireless Access, Inc). It is also of the quarter wave type. Its pastille (316 in the figure 3) has a large slot (rectangular ring 350) to make its less sensitive to proximity of conductive masses such as than a human body or to that of electrical circuits such as those of a microcomputer. Its short circuit (330) is partial, i.e. it is formed on only one segment of an edge of this patch. It is stated that this facilitates adaptation of the antenna input impedance.
  • the line of connection feeding this antenna is arranged vertically under the substrate. It is of the coaxial type.
  • the coupling device consists of an extension of the central conductor, i.e. the main conductor which extends in the axis of this line, this extension crossing the substrate to come and connect to the patch. As for the sheathed earth conductor this line, it connects directly to the ground of the antenna.
  • This second known antenna has in particular the disadvantage that the realization of an effective coupling device by through the terminal part of the central conductor of a line coaxial connecting to the antenna pad requires drilling the substrate and presents practical difficulties, especially for adjusting the position from the connection point. These difficulties increase the cost of manufacturing, especially if it is mass production.
  • said pellet cooperates with said mass to guide electromagnetic waves propagating in this antenna according to a propagation direction, said coupling direction then being at least close to this direction of propagation.
  • an antenna coupling is achieved by a lateral coupling as defined above, it differs from a coupling such as the one made in the first known antenna previously described.
  • the beneficial interactions carried out according to the present invention between the coupling tape and the pad are analogous to those that appear in a coplanar line between the conductor principal and mass of this line. If such interactions were negligible, the coupling line would function like a line of the microstrip type of which the ground conductor would be constituted by the mass of the antenna.
  • this impedance antenna is closer to a coplanar impedance than an impedance microstrip, this coplanar impedance being equal to the impedance of a virtual coplanar line which would be constituted by the coupling tape and the pellet on said substrate in the absence of the ground of the antenna, this microstrip impedance being equal to the impedance of a microstrip line also virtual which would be constituted by this coupling ribbon and this mass on either side of this substrate in the absence of the pellet.
  • said antenna impedance is between 70% and 99.9% and preferably still between 80% and 98% of said impedance coplanar.
  • the correct width of a coupling slot depends on the values of various antenna parameters and mainly the thickness and permittivity of the substrate. Typically, in the context of the present invention, the width of said coupling slot is between 3% and 60% of the thickness of said substrate. It is more particularly less than 35% of the thickness of this substrate. Regardless of the thickness of the substrate, seems difficult to engrave with the usual industrial techniques of coupling slots of width less than 0.1 mm.
  • the antenna impedance and the so-called coplanar and microstrip impedances can be illustrated by quantified examples.
  • a composite impedance which is that of a composite line defined as follows: its main conductor is in the form of a length ribbon infinite and of width w.
  • This ribbon extends over the upper surface of a substrate between two coplanar ground conductors separated from this strip by two slots of the same width s and extending to infinity over the same surface on either side of this ribbon.
  • the substrate has a thickness h, a dielectric constant ⁇ and it carries a layer of mass over its entire surface lower.
  • Coplanar and microstrip impedances are defined as previously, but from this composite line, the conductors of coplanar mass taking the place of the pellet.
  • the substrate was made of epoxy resin.
  • the second and the fourth it was made of glass Teflon.
  • the small width of the slots relative to the thickness of the substrate makes the composite line work in a way much closer to that of a coplanar line than of that of a microstrip line. On the contrary in the last two examples the composite line is closer to a microstrip line.
  • said substrate, said antenna mass and said patch constitute a resonant structure allowing progressive waves to propagate in this structure in two mutually opposite directions from said direction of propagation, this structure forming for these waves two reflectors imposing their outward and return journeys showing a resonance of this antenna.
  • said coupling tape extends between on the one hand an external connection point where this ribbon is connected to a said terminal of the antenna and on the other hand an internal connection point where this ribbon connects to said pad.
  • the antenna further includes a coupling device having more particularly the shape of a coupling line.
  • This device includes on the one hand, a main conductor made up of two sections C1 and C3 and connected to the patch 6 at an internal connection point 18. It comprises on the other hand an equally composite ground conductor which cooperates with this main conductor and which will be described later. It constitutes all or part a connection assembly which connects the resonant structure of the antenna to a signal processor 8, for example to excite a or more resonances of the antenna from this organ in the event that it it is a transmitting antenna.
  • all of connection typically comprises a connection line such that C4, C5 which is external to the antenna and which has two conductors.
  • this line On the antenna side, these two conductors are connected respectively to two connecting conductors which belong to the coupling device and which can be considered as constituting two terminals of the antenna. At the other end of this line, the two conductors of the latter are connected respectively two terminals of the signal processor.
  • This line can in particular be of the coaxial type, of the microstrip type or of the coplanar type. In the case where the antenna considered constitutes a receiving antenna, this same set transmits the signals received by this antenna to the organ of Signal processing. The various elements of this set have the functions previously defined.
  • the present invention also relates to a communication device including an antenna according to this invention and a said signal processing member connected to this antenna by a said connection assembly.
  • the antenna according to the present invention can be a single-frequency antenna or a multi-frequency antenna.
  • the first antenna given as an example is a dual-frequency antenna, that is to say that it must be able to give rise to at least two resonances so as to be able to operate in two modes corresponding to two operating frequencies.
  • a slot has been formed in the patch 6 and opens out towards the front outside of the latter. It constitutes a longitudinal separating slot F1.
  • the longitudinal extent occupied by this slot defines in this patch a region before Z2, Z1, Z12, the slot itself separating in this region a primary zone Z1 from a secondary zone Z2.
  • a rear region ZA extends between this front region and the rear edge 10. This rear region is much shorter in the longitudinal direction DL than this front region.
  • the internal connection point 18 is located in the area primary Z1.
  • An operating mode of the antenna then constitutes a primary mode in which a standing wave is established thanks to a traveling wave propagation in both directions of this direction longitudinal or in a direction close to the latter, these waves propagating in an area including this primary zone and this rear region substantially excluding the secondary zone Z2.
  • Another mode of operation constitutes a secondary mode in which a wave stationary is established thanks to a propagation of progressive waves in the same two directions, these waves propagating in another area including the primary and secondary areas and the rear region.
  • the rear region ZA has a first function which is to couple the secondary zone to the primary zone to allow the establishment of the secondary mode. She has a second function which is to allow the short circuit present on the rear edge of play its role in each of these two areas.
  • the antenna is then, at less approximately, for each operating frequency, of the type quarter wave.
  • Pad and coupling line configurations and more particularly the longitudinal position of the internal connection point 18 are chosen so that a desired value appears predetermined impedance presented by the antenna for the signal processing or more typically for a connection line connecting this body to this device.
  • This impedance will be called below antenna impedance.
  • input impedance In the case of a transmitting antenna it is usually called input impedance.
  • desired value is advantageously equal to the impedance of the connection line. It is why, preferably, the position of the connection point gives the antenna impedance substantially the same value for the various operating frequencies.
  • the operating frequencies have predetermined desired values. These values can be advantageously obtained by a suitable choice of dimensions respective longitudinal zones primary Z1 and secondary Z2. It is why these two dimensions are typically different.
  • the configuration of the pad 6 further forms a slot extending in the transverse direction DT.
  • This slot constitutes a transverse separating slot F2 separating partially this primary zone of the rear region ZA. It connects to the rear end of the longitudinal separating slot F1.
  • Another F3 slot extends in the primary zone Z1 forwards from the separating slit transverse F2. It can be called a frequency lowering slot because its role is to lower the operating frequencies to an extent growing with its length. It thus not only limits the length of pad required to obtain desired values operating frequencies, but also to adjust these frequencies thanks to a suitable length adjustment.
  • the antenna has a plane of symmetry extending in the longitudinal DL and vertical DV directions, the trace of this plane in the upper surface of the substrate constituting an axis of symmetry A for the patch 6.
  • the number included in the reference signs of the one on the right in the figures is equal to the corresponding number of the one on the left increased by 10.
  • the coupling device and the zone primary Z1 extend in the vicinity of axis A and the configuration of the patch forms two so-called longitudinal separating slots F1, F11 on the one hand and else of this primary area.
  • the secondary zone then has two parts Z2, Z12 located respectively beyond these two slots.
  • all of the separating slots F1, F2, F11, F12 has the shape of a U.
  • the branches and the base of this U are longitudinal and transverse respectively.
  • This base presents a axial interval 20 extending on either side of the axis to connect the primary zone Z1 to short circuit C2, C12 via a part axial of the rear region ZA.
  • the coupling line which constitutes the antenna coupling device comprises a conductor belonging to the upper conductive layer. More precisely a section C1 of said main conductor penetrates in the longitudinal direction DL in the area of the patch 6. It extends between a rear end adjacent to the rear edge 10 and a front end constituting the connection point internal 18.
  • This section of main conductor has the form of a ribbon and can be called a horizontal coupling tape.
  • this ribbon is limited laterally by two notches. But, in the antenna of this invention, these two notches are sufficiently narrow in the direction DT and long enough in the DL direction to be able to be respectively considered as two longitudinal slots F4 and F14.
  • the antenna would allow the antenna to be coupled via a signal electromagnetic applied or collected by the external connection line at the rear end of this horizontal coplanar line between two terminals common to this horizontal coplanar line and to the antenna, these two terminals being respectively constituted by this ground conductor of this line and the back end of this ribbon.
  • the coupling device and this external line via such conductors located in the plane of the patch would complicate the manufacture of these devices.
  • the horizontal coplanar line in question extends along the axis A. It passes in the axial interval 20 of the base of the U, this interval being delimited by the two coupling slots F4 and F14.
  • the position of the front end 18 of its conductor principal is determined to give a desired value to the impedance of the antenna. But this impedance also depends on other parameters such as the widths of the C1 coupling tape and the coupling slots, as well as the nature of the substrate.
  • said short circuit is a short circuit composite comprising two short-circuit conductors C2 and C12. These two conductors extend in the vertical direction DV leaving between them a free interval. Each of them connects the ground 4 of the antenna to the tablet 6.
  • connection conductors are formed on the wafer surface S3 significantly facilitates the creation of a connection between on the one hand the coupling device belonging to the antenna formed on the surface of the device and on the other hand, a connection line connecting this device to a Signal processing. If this organ is located inside this device this line can take the form of a coaxial line which, in the vicinity of the antenna, is perpendicular to the plane thereof. In other cases this arrangement of connection conductors facilitates connection of the antenna to conductors carried by a motherboard on one side of which the antenna substrate has been previously fixed, the line of connection then being typically, at least in the vicinity of the antenna, parallel to the longitudinal direction thereof.
  • connection conductor capable of forming terminals of the antenna on the wafer surface of the substrate only complicates the fabrication of the antenna negligibly.
  • the realization of the conductors short circuit is necessary for the manufactured antenna to be of the quarter type wave.
  • the first connection conductor can be produced by a process at least analogous to that of the realization of short-circuit conductors and, in most cases, during the same manufacturing stage.
  • connection conductors occupy only a fraction of the rear edge 10.
  • the antenna given in example it is roughly the same fraction as that of the area primary Z1.
  • the widths of the coupling tapes and slots such as the coupling slots located on either side of these ribbons are chosen so as to give a uniform and suitable impedance, which is typically 50 ohms, at the coupling line formed by the vertical and horizontal coplanar lines.
  • the antenna impedance is by elsewhere adjusted by the choice of the position of the internal connection point 18.
  • the small value of the widths of the coupling slots and the coupling effect lateral which allows to widen the manufacturing margin concerning these various parameters, and this while maintaining a good quality of coupling.
  • the line of external connection to the antenna is a coaxial line. At least at neighborhood of the antenna it typically extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the surface of this antenna, i.e. by example in the vertical direction DV. It has an axial conductor C4. At a first end of the line, this axial conductor is connected to the conductor C3. At the other end of the line it is connected to a first signal processing device terminal 8. Along the length of the line there is surrounded by a conductive sheath C5. At the first end of the line this sheath is connected at the same time to the two short-circuit conductors C2 and C12. At the other end of the line it is connected to the other terminal of the signal processing member 8 which is constituted for example by a transmitter.
  • Figure 5 shows how an external connection line and an antenna coupling line can be made in the case of a second antenna.
  • this second antenna is respectively analogous, at least as to their functions, to various elements of the first antenna which has been previously described.
  • Such elements are designated by the same letters and / or reference numbers as the elements analogs of the first antenna, except that the numbers are increased by 50, the main conductor C4 of the external connection line of the first antenna being for example analogous to a conductor C54 of the second antenna.
  • This second antenna has a mass not shown covering the lower surface of the substrate 52. It differs from the first on the following points :
  • the coupling tape C51 extends in the vicinity of an edge of the patch 56 from which it is separated by a single coupling slot F54.
  • Line of external connection is of the type with a mass constituted by the same conductive layer as the mass of the antenna.
  • Its main driver has the form of a ribbon which constitutes a C54 connecting ribbon. The latter is connected to the coupling tape C51 in a zone C53 of so these two ribbons appear as two successive segments of the same bifunctional ribbon.
  • a first terminal C53 of antenna is defined as the connection area between the two segments of the bifunctional ribbon, the second terminal being constituted by the common ground.
  • One of the segments of the bifunctional ribbon, namely the coupling tape is then the seat of a coupling effect with the structure resonant of the antenna and is considered to belong to the antenna.
  • the other of these segments, namely the connecting tape is the seat no such effect. It is considered separate from the coupling tape and as outside the antenna even if it is carried out by the same step of engraving as the pad and the coupling tape, even in the case, not shown, where a different complementary connection line, by example a coaxial line, would be used to connect the C54 tape to a signal processor.
  • the width of the connecting tape is greater than that of the C51 coupling tape to avoid impedance discontinuity in the zone C53. More generally, when this invention is implemented, the need to give the bifunctional tape a uniform impedance on its entire length requires a variation of the parameters of this ribbon where it constitutes an antenna terminal. Preferably this variation is progressive, avoiding any abrupt geometric discontinuity.

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Claims (11)

  1. In Mikrostreifenleitungstechnik ausgeführte Antenne, wobei diese Antenne aufweist:
    ein dielektrisches Substrat (2), welches eine Unterseite (S1) und eine Oberseite (S2) aufweist;
    einen Leiter, der auf dieser Unterseite verläuft und eine Masse (4) dieser Antenne bildet;
    einen Leiter, der eine Fläche dieser Oberseite einnimmt und einen Patch (6) bildet; und
    einen länglichen Leiter, der in einer Koppelrichtung auf der Oberseite verläuft,
    wobei er von dem Patch an den beiden seitlichen Seiten dieses länglichen Leiters durch zwei seitliche Zwischenräume getrennt ist, die eine Breite besitzen, wobei dieser längliche Leiter einen Koppelstreifen (C1) bildet, wobei eine Koppelleitung in dieser Koppelrichtung verläuft und von einer Gruppe aus zwei dieser Leiter gebildet wird, welche diesen Koppelstreifen enthält, wobei die Antenne Klemmen (C2, C3) aufweist, die zu den genannten Leitern dieser Leitung gehören, und wobei diese Leitung die Möglichkeit bietet, eine Koppelung zwischen der Antenne und einem an diese Klemmen gelieferten Signal herzustellen, wobei diese Koppelung eine Antennenkoppelung darstellt;
       hierbei ist die Breite der seitlichen Zwischenräume klein genug, damit eine solche Antennenkoppelung zumindest durch einen seitlichen Koppeleffekt erleichtert wird, der sich in dieser Koppelrichtung verteilt und das Ergebnis von Interaktionen zwischen dem Koppelstreifen und dem Patch durch diese Zwischenräume ist, wobei diese Zwischenräume in diesem Fall Koppelschlitze (F4, F14) bilden;
    hierbei weist diese Antenne eine Impedanz zwischen ihren Klemmen (C2, C3) auf,
    wobei diese Impedanz eine Antennenimpedanz bildet und wobei diese Antenne durch den Umstand gekennzeichnet ist, dass diese Antennenimpedanz näher an einer koplanaren Impedanz liegt als an einer Mikrostreifenleitungs-Impedanz, wobei die koplanare Impedanz gleich der Impedanz einer koplanaren Leitung ist, die von dem Koppelstreifen (C1) und dem Patch (6) auf dem Substrat (2) bei Fehlen der Masse (4) der Antenne gebildet würde, und wobei diese Mikrostreifenleitungs-Impedanz gleich der Impedanz einer Mikrostreifenleitung ist, die von dem Koppelstreifen und der Masse der Antenne auf beiden Seiten des Substrats bei Fehlen des Patches gebildet würde.
  2. Antenne nach Anspruch 1, bei welcher der Patch (6) mit der Masse (4) zusammenarbeitet, um elektromagnetische Wellen zu leiten, die sich in dieser Antenne in einer Ausbreitungsrichtung ausbreiten, wobei diese Koppelrichtung zumindest in der Nähe dieser Ausbreitungsrichtung liegt.
  3. Antenne nach Anspruch 1, wobei diese Antenne dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass die Antennenimpedanz zwischen 70 % und 99,9 % der koplanaren Impedanz liegt.
  4. Antenne nach Anspruch 3, wobei diese Antenne dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass die Antennenimpedanz zwischen 80 % und 98 % der koplanaren Impedanz liegt.
  5. Antenne nach Anspruch 1, wobei diese Antenne dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass die Breite der Koppelschlitze (F4, F14) zwischen 3 % und 60 % der Dicke dieses Substrats (2) liegt.
  6. Antenne nach Anspruch 5, wobei diese Antenne dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass die Breite der Koppelschlitze (F4, F14) kleiner als 35 % der Dicke dieses Substrats (2) ist.
  7. Antenne nach Anspruch 2, wobei das Substrat (2), die Masse (4) der Antenne und der Patch (6) eine Resonanzstruktur bilden, welche fortschreitenden Wellen die Möglichkeit bietet, sich in dieser Struktur in zwei einander entgegengesetzten Richtungen (DF, DB) dieser Ausbreitungsrichtung (DL) auszubreiten, wobei diese Struktur für diese Wellen zwei Reflektoren bildet, die ihr Hin- und Rückwege auferlegen, welche eine Resonanz dieser Antenne zutage treten lassen.
  8. Antenne nach Anspruch 7, wobei der Koppelstreifen (C1) zwischen einerseits einem externen Anschlusspunkt, an dem dieser Streifen an die Klemme (C3) der Antenne angeschlossen wird, und andererseits einem inneren Anschlusspunkt (18) verläuft, an dem dieser Streifen an den Patch (6) angeschlossen wird.
  9. Antenne nach Anspruch 8, wobei der Patch eine hintere Kante (10) aufweist, die in etwa senkrecht zu dieser Ausbreitungsrichtung (DL) steht, wobei die Antenne außerdem einen Kurzschlussleiter (C2) aufweist, der den Patch (6) mit der Masse (4) dieser Antenne an dieser Kante in der Weise verbindet, dass eine solche Resonanz eine Viertelwellenresonanz ist, welche einen Knoten eines elektrischen Feldes auf dieser hinteren Kante aufweist, wobei der Koppelstreifen (C1) in die Fläche der Oberseite in einem sogenannten externen Anschlusspunkt eindringt, der sich auf dieser hinteren Kante befindet, wobei dieser Streifen in dieser Fläche so verläuft, dass er von dem Patch durch die beiden sogenannten Koppelschlitze (F4, F14) getrennt ist, die jeweils auf den beiden Seiten dieses Streifens liegen, wobei der innere Anschlusspunkt (18) im Inneren dieser Fläche liegt.
  10. Kommunikationsvorrichtung, aufweisend:
    eine Antenne nach einem beliebigen der Ansprüche 1 bis 5;
    und ein Signalverarbeitungsorgan (8), das an diese Antenne über die Klemmen dieser Antenne angeschlossen wird und eine Impedanz in etwa gleich der Antennenimpedanz besitzt.
  11. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10, wobei diese Vorrichtung außerdem eine Anschlussleitung aufweist, welche die Klemmen der Antenne mit dem Signalverarbeitungsorgan verbindet, wobei diese Anschlussleitung zumindest in der Nähe dieser Antenne aufweist:
    einen Leiter, der auf der Unterseite des Substrats in Fortsetzung der Masse der Antenne verläuft; und
    einen länglichen Leiter, der auf der Oberseite des Substrats in Fortsetzung des Koppelstreifens verläuft, wobei dieser Leiter eine Breite besitzt und einen Anschluss-Streifen bildet;
       wobei diese Vorrichtung dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass diese Breite des Anschluss-Streifens größer ist als die Breite des Koppelstreifens.
EP98403061A 1997-12-11 1998-12-07 In Mikrostreifenleitungstechnik ausgeführte Antenne und diese enthaltende Vorrichtung Expired - Lifetime EP0923157B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9715697A FR2772519B1 (fr) 1997-12-11 1997-12-11 Antenne realisee selon la technique des microrubans et dispositif incluant cette antenne
FR9715697 1997-12-11

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EP0923157A1 EP0923157A1 (de) 1999-06-16
EP0923157B1 true EP0923157B1 (de) 2004-09-15

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JP (1) JPH11317614A (de)
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AT (1) ATE276591T1 (de)
AU (1) AU9697598A (de)
CA (1) CA2254255A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69826223T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2772519B1 (de)
SG (1) SG71880A1 (de)
TW (1) TW393811B (de)

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DE69826223T2 (de) 2005-11-03
FR2772519B1 (fr) 2000-01-14
CN1224254A (zh) 1999-07-28
EP0923157A1 (de) 1999-06-16
SG71880A1 (en) 2000-04-18
AU9697598A (en) 1999-07-01
JPH11317614A (ja) 1999-11-16
FR2772519A1 (fr) 1999-06-18
US6121930A (en) 2000-09-19
DE69826223D1 (de) 2004-10-21
TW393811B (en) 2000-06-11
CA2254255A1 (fr) 1999-06-11
ATE276591T1 (de) 2004-10-15
CN1117414C (zh) 2003-08-06

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