EP2134927B1 - Securing device for securing a rotor of a turbomachine counter to tilting, said rotor being arranged perpendicular to a horizontal plane and method for the alignment thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A securing device for securing a rotor of a turbomachine against tilting is provided, the rotor being arranged perpendicular in relation to a horizontal plane. The securing device includes a support surface enabling the rotor to be laterally supported in relation to the securing device. The rotor or the tie rod, arranged in an essentially vertical manner, are oriented vertically such that during an alignment, the support surface on which the rotor or the tie rod support, are displaced such that rotor is perpendicular in relation to the horizontal plane.

Description

The invention relates to a securing device for securing a transverse to a horizontal plane erected rotor of a turbomachine against tipping, with at least one support surface through which a transverse to the horizontal plane rotor is laterally supported by the securing device. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for the vertical alignment of a perpendicular to the horizontal plane to be erected rotor of a turbomachine.

Gas turbines and their structural design are well known. The rotors of gas turbines can be constructed and assembled in different ways. A rotor variant comprises a plurality of adjacent elements, which are braced by a tie rod extending centrally through the elements. On the one hand, these elements are rotor disks and, on the other hand, pipe sections, so-called hollow shafts, which can rest on the rotor disks. The clamping of the rotor disks and the hollow shafts is carried out with each end screwed onto the tie rod nuts, often the compressor side provided screw is designed as a hollow shaft. The face-to-face flat rotor disks usually carry at their outer peripheries the blades of the turbine and the compressor. Instead of a central tie rod, it is also known to use several decentralized tie rods.

In order to assemble and disassemble such a multi-part rotor, an assembly tool is known, which essentially comprises two bearing blocks. The two bearing blocks are placed at a distance from each other and the rotor is placed on them. One of the two bearing blocks - the so-called turning block - is equipped with a joint arranged between foot and bearing surface, which is fastened to one end of the rotor. The rotor is thus placed so that its example compressor side end can be attached directly to the joint of the turning block. The other bearing block then supports the rotor from the turbine side. The hinge attached to the reversing link serves to relocate the rotor from the horizontal position to a vertical position. For this purpose, a trailer nut is screwed onto the tie rod at the turbine end of the rotor. A rope of a crane is attached to the hanger by means of a shackle. As the crane lifts the turbine end of the rotor, the compressor end rotates about the pivot point of the joint. The lifting process is completed when the rotor has reached an approximately vertical position. Then this is secured by means of a fuse, which is also provided on the turning block against tipping over. In general, this backup includes a locking pin, which is provided on the turning block above the joint and blocks the return movement of the rotor from the vertical. Then the trailer nut is dismantled, after which the actual work can be done on the vertical rotor (or tie rod).

To assemble the rotor, the tie rod is first set up vertically and then the individual rotor discs are threaded successively from above onto the tie rod by means of a crane. Subsequently, a turbine-side rotor nut is screwed. When disassembling a fully assembled rotor, the turbine-side rotor nut is removed after its vertical placement, after which the individual rotor discs can be removed by means of a crane tie rods. The rotor then essentially only comprises the tie rod.

A similar set-up with a turning block is from the German patent application 24 26 231 known. Central A first stop is fastened to the foundation below the turnbuckle. In contrast to the aforementioned device, the end of the rotor is not attached to the turning block, but a rotor point spaced from the end. When lifting the longer rotor section then pivots the shorter rotor section towards the foundation. The arranged on the shorter rotor portion coupling flange is located after the vertical installation on the first stop, after which on the other side of the flange then a second stop adapted and is firmly connected by screws with the first stop to secure the rotor against tipping,

Object of the present invention is to provide a securing device for securing a transverse to a horizontal plane erected rotor or tie rod of a turbomachine in which the rotor resp. Tie rod is particularly easy to align in the vertical. Another task is to specify a corresponding method for this purpose.

The first object is achieved by a securing device having the features of claim 1. The object directed to the method is achieved by a method according to the features of claim 10.

The invention is based on the recognition that a particularly simple alignment of the approximately perpendicular to the horizontal plane erected rotor resp. Tie rod can be achieved in the vertical, if the at least one support surface of the securing device on which the rotor is already present during the alignment according to the invention, at least slightly displaced. In particular, when the rotor is to be finally aligned in the vertical, the forces acting on the securing device transversely to the normal force from the rotor are comparatively small, so that the securing device can be dimensioned adapted accordingly. Furthermore, the vertical rotor allows a particularly simple threading or unthreading of rotor disks on the tie rods, without these touching during lifting or lowering due to a misalignment of the tie rod latter.

If the support surface on which the rotor rests, in a plane approximately parallel to the horizontal plane is displaced, the already already approximately vertical rotor can be aligned so that only balance forces must be absorbed by the securing device. The safety device then has to absorb no weight or only very low weights of the rotor. Conveniently, the securing device is part of a modular mounting device, which in addition to the preferably designed as a scaffold safety device comprises a separately formed turning block. The inventive method is then time-saving feasible with a device according to the invention while achieving the aforementioned advantages.

Advantageous embodiments are specified in the subclaims.

In a preferred embodiment, the support surface is arranged on a ring composed of at least two ring segments. The support surface can thereby create a part of the lateral surface of the rotor, in particular on the lateral surface of a hollow shaft or a rotor disk. Preferably, the support surface is the inner cylindrical surface of the ring, wherein the ring attached to the rotor may also be provided as a mechanical protection. The ring can either be attached to the still located in the horizontal rotor, so even before the erection of the rotor in the vertical. Or, the ring is already preassembled in the framework-like securing device and opened so far that the rotor section, which is to be inserted into the ring, can be introduced.

To secure the rotor particularly easily and quickly in a safety device is one of the two ring segments pivotally attached to the other ring segment. This allows a particularly simple mounting of the ring on the rotor carried out, regardless of whether the ring is pre-assembled on the horizontal rotor or whether the ring is secured to the securing device in advance.

In order to displace the support surfaces, a plurality of screw connections or a plurality of hydraulic cylinders are provided which each extend parallel or nearly parallel to the horizontal plane and which have parallel or nearly parallel to the horizontal plane movable elements such as screws or hydraulic pistons. In this case, at least three screw or hydraulic cylinder are provided in such a way to shift the rotor positioned approximately vertically that it can be brought from an approximately vertical position in the vertical. Preferably, however, more than three, in particular preferably eight or nine screw connections or hydraulic cylinders are provided in order to ensure a particularly secure lateral support and a particularly exact alignment. This is particularly required for heavy duty gas turbines used in commercial power generation, since their rotor weight can be several tens of thousands of kilograms.

The screw or hydraulic cylinder of the securing device are arranged like a beam around a virtual center. In addition, the securing device and the turning block are to be aligned and fastened to one another on the foundation in such a way that, in the vertical, the projection of the virtual center coincides with a central rotor support point on the turning block. The central rotor support point is the point on the axis of rotation of the joint, on which the center of gravity of the rotor is to be placed. In particular, as a result, the vertical alignment of the rotor can be done comparatively quickly with relatively little effort.

Instead of a plurality of screw connections or a plurality of hydraulic cylinders, in an alternative embodiment of the safety device at least one eccentric disc may be provided, in which the support surface is arranged. So that by means of the support surface of the approximately vertically positioned rotor can be balanced in any position relative to the Rotorabstützpunkt the turning block, preferably two nested eccentric discs are provided, of which the inner eccentric disc has the support surface. This also makes it possible to achieve a particularly simple alignment of the approximately vertically positioned rotor in the vertical.

In an advantageous embodiment of the securing device, this has above the foundation on a jacked up on several supports and struts platform or platform. The platform can serve, for example, as a work platform for fitters, who make the alignment of the rotor in the vertical. In particular, it is advantageous if the support surface at the height of the platform, for example in the bottom, is provided. The one or more support surfaces may then be connected to the platform via the fittings or the hydraulic cylinder. Preferably, the distance between the joint of the turning block and the supporting surface arranged above about 2 - 3 m.

FIG 1

die Montagevorrichtung zum Zusammensetzen und Zerlegen eines Rotors mit parallel zur Horizontal-ebene (waagerecht) angeordnetem Rotor,

FIG 2

die Montagevorrichtung gemäß FIG 1 mit senkrecht aufgestelltem Rotor,

FIG 3

die Draufsicht auf die Sicherungsvorrichtung bei geöffneter Aufnahme und

FIG 4

die Draufsicht auf die Sicherungsvorrichtung mit eingelegtem Rotor.

The invention will be explained with reference to a drawing. It shows schematically and not to scale:

FIG. 1

the assembly device for assembling and disassembling a rotor with rotor arranged parallel to the horizontal plane (horizontal),

FIG. 2

the mounting device according to FIG. 1 with vertical rotor,

FIG. 3

the top view of the securing device with open recording and

FIG. 4

the top view of the safety device with inserted rotor.

In the figures, identical components are provided with the same reference numerals.

In FIG. 1 is a stored on two trestles 11 rotor 13 a heavy stationary gas turbine shown. The rotor 13 includes a tie rod 15 which extends centrally through a plurality of turbine disks 17 and compressor disks 19. In the example shown, the compressor-side end of the rotor 13 is shown on the left. The turbine disks 17 and the compressor disks 19 are rotor disks 21 and carry at their outer ends blades which can be exposed to a compressible flow medium of the gas turbine.

To clamp the rotor disks 21, a front hollow shaft 22 is screwed onto the tie rod 15 at the compressor-side end 33 of the rotor 13. Turbine side, a nut 24 is provided.

In order to disassemble the modular rotor 13 of the gas turbine into its individual parts, or to thread on a tie rod 15 rotor disks 19, 21, a mounting device 23 is provided next to the two bearing blocks 11, which is arranged rotorendseitig. The mounting device 23 comprises a turning bracket 27 which is mounted on a foundation 29. The turning block 27 is set up in alignment with the two bearing blocks 11 and has at its tip a joint 31 which is connected to the compressor-side end 33 of the rotor 13. The rotor 13 is rotatable about an axis of rotation parallel to the horizontal plane 47 of the joint 31. Furthermore, the joint 31 comprises a roller-mounted receptacle for a rotatable about a vertical axis 35 turntable 37. On the vertical axis 35 is also the Rotorabstützpunkt.

At the turbine-side end 39 of the rotor 13, a trailer nut 41 is mounted on the means of a shackle the rope of a crane can be struck.

The mounting device 23 further comprises a securing device 45 designed as a frame 43, which is anchored separately in the foundation 29 by the turning block 27.

The framework 43 comprises a platform 49 or work platform jacked up on four vertical supports 64. For stiffening the framework 43, further struts 65 extending transversely to the supports 64 are provided on each side edge of the framework 43, which additionally connect the foundation-side ends of the supports 64 to the platform 49.

In order for the rotor 13 to be pivoted into the frame 43 and into the securing device 45, part of the platform 49 and the struts 65 arranged underneath can be moved out of the pivoting range of the rotor 13. The platform 49 and the securing device 45 then have an opened receptacle (cf. FIG. 3 ).

By lifting the turbine-side end 39 of the rotor 13 with the crane, the rotor 13 is lifted from the two bearing blocks 11, wherein the compressor-side end of the rotor 13 rotates about the axis of rotation of the joint 31. When the receptacle is open, the rotor 13 can then be moved out of its horizontal position (FIG. FIG. 1 ) in the vertical position ( FIG. 2 ), after which it is secured by means of the securing device 45 against tipping over. For this purpose, the recording is closed. Subsequently, the rotor 13 is in the in FIG. 2 put position.

The entire weight of the stationary in stationary gas turbine comparatively heavy rotor 13 then loads on the turn block 27, whereas the frame 43 can prevent the tipping of the rotor 13 with comparatively small forces. The least force is required when the rotor 13 is vertical is aligned and the axis of symmetry 46 of the rotor 13 coincides with the axis 35 of the turntable 37.

Due to the comparatively large distance between joint 31 and the lateral support of the rotor 13 at the level of the platform 49, a particularly reliable and also earthquake-resistant lateral support of the rotor 13 can be specified. Seismic safety means to this extent that the acceleration forces occurring in comparatively weak earthquakes with a comparatively low intensity are absorbed by the safety device 45 on the rotor 13 in the order of magnitude of approximately ½ g (1 g = simple gravitational acceleration) and via the platform 49 and the struts 65 can be derived in the foundation 29.

The plan view of the platform 49 of the securing device 45 show the Figures 3 and 4 , in which FIG. 3 the open to receive the rotor 13 platform 49 shows and FIG. 4 the closed platform 49 with centrally arranged tie rod 15 and front hollow shaft 22 according to the sectional view IV-IV of FIG. 2 , In the platform 49 of the securing device 45, a centrally disposed opening 51 is provided, in which an axial portion of the hollow shaft 22 can be inserted. The opening 51 is enclosed by a segmented ring 53, whose first segment 55 comprises a segmental arc of approximately 270 ° and whose second segment 57 comprises a segmental arc of approximately 90 °. The second ring segment 57 is pivotable relative to the first ring segment 55 about an axis of rotation 59, which serves for easy and quick closing and opening of the ring 53 (see. FIG. 4 ). Both segments 55, 57 each have an inwardly directed support surface 61, which can each be applied to a portion of the lateral surface of the rotor 13 and the tie rod 15.

The ring 53 lies in a plane parallel to the horizontal plane 47, ie parallel to the foundation 29, and can be displaced by means of an auxiliary device supporting it within this plane for vertical alignment of the rotor 13. The Auxiliary device comprises, for example, a plurality of screw connections 63 fastened to the platform 49. Each of these screw connections 63 has a screw axis 67, which likewise lies in the plane parallel to the horizontal plane 47. The screw 63 are arranged radially with a closed ring 53, so that their screw axes 67 meet in a virtual center 66. Instead of the screw 63 can also be provided in each case a hydraulic arrangement with a movable piston rod to laterally support the ring 53 and thereby align the rotor 13 (or tie rod 15) relative to the turn block 27 such that of this from an approximately vertical orientation in a vertical alignment can be shifted.

Instead of screwing or instead of hydraulic cylinders and the ring 53 may be mounted in a double-nested eccentric, so that the opening 51 relative to the axis 35 of the turning block 27 is arbitrarily alignable.

Also, the ring 53 is only optional. For example, it is also possible for the lateral support of the rotor 13 to take place directly from the screw connections 63 or directly from the piston rods of the hydraulic cylinders. The support surfaces 61 would then be arranged on the inwardly projecting free ends 69 of the screw 63 or the inwardly projecting free ends of the piston rods of the hydraulic cylinders, which would then be applied directly to the lateral surface of the rotor 13.

In order for the rotor 13 to be pivoted into the opening 51 when lifting its turbine-side end 39, the ring 53 and the platform 49 must first be opened. For this purpose, it is provided that the second segment 57 of the ring 53 is pivotable about the rotation axis 59 according to the arrow 60 from a closed position to an open position (shown). In the same way those are in the FIG. 3 strut 65 shown below and the railing 70 of the platform of the Platform 49 folded away according to the arrow 62, so that a total of the recording is open.

FIG. 4 shows the top view of the securing device 45 with the almost completely closed ring 53. The ring 53 surrounds the hollow shaft 22 so that the support surfaces 61 abut the lateral surface of the hollow shaft 22. The ring 53 is displaceable over the individual screw 63 in the plane parallel to the foundation 29, so that the center of the ring 53 and thus the center of the tie rod 15 relative to the turn block 27 and thus relative to the central Rotorabstützpunkt is slightly displaced to the rotor thirteenth in a vertical orientation.

For the purposes of the invention, the rotor 13 to be vertically aligned, on the one hand, may comprise only the tie rod 15, which is secured against overturning by the support surfaces 61. On the other hand, the rotor 13 can also be understood to mean a tie rod 15 which is fully fitted with rotor disks 19, 21 and which is supported in an analogous manner.

For a particularly simple threading and unthreading of rotor disks 19, 21 on the tie rod 15, in which a possibly damaging components damage contact between the rotor disks 19, 21 and the tie rod 15 when lowering or raising the rotor disks 19, 21 to be avoided can be a total of approximately vertically mounted rotor 13, respectively. Tie rod 15 are aligned in the vertical, by the contact surfaces 61, at which the rotor 13, respectively, during alignment. the tie rod 15 is supported so displaced that it comes to stand perpendicular with respect to the horizontal plane.

Claims (10)

1. Securing device (45) for securing a turbomachine rotor (13) set up transversely with respect to a horizontal plane (47) against tipping over, with at least one supporting surface (61) by which a rotor (13) set up transversely to the horizontal plane (47) can be supported laterally by the securing device (45), characterized in that, for the vertical orientation of the rotor (13), the supporting surface (61) against which an approximately perpendicularly set-up rotor bears during orientation can be displaced slightly parallel to the horizontal plane (47).
2. Securing device (45) according to Claim 1, in which the supporting surface (61) is arranged on a ring (53) composed of at least two ring segments (55, 57).
3. Securing device (45) according to Claim 2, in which one of the two ring segments (57) is fastened so as to be pivotable with respect to the other ring segment (55).
4. Securing device (45) according to Claims 1 to 3, in which a plurality of screw connections (63) or a plurality of hydraulic cylinders are provided, which in each case extend parallel to the horizontal plane (47) and which have elements, moveable parallel to the horizontal plane (47), for displacing the supporting surface (61).
5. Securing device (45) according to Claim 4, in which the screw connections (63) or hydraulic cylinders are arranged in a radiating manner about a virtual center (66).
6. Securing device (45) according to Claims 1 to 3, which comprises at least one eccentric disk in which the supporting surface (61) is provided.
7. Securing device (45) according to one of Claims 1 to 6, which can be fastened on a foundation (29) and has a platform (49) jacked up on the foundation (29) by means of a plurality of stays (64) and struts (65).
8. Securing device (45) according to Claim 7, in which the supporting surface (61) is provided at the height of the platform.
9. Assembly apparatus (23) for assembling and dismantling a turbomachine rotor (13) composed of rotor disks (21), which rotor disks (21) are braced with respect to one another by at least one tie rod (15),
   comprising:

   a turning block (27), fastened on a foundation (29) and a securing device (45) according to one of Claims 1 to 8 for securing a rotor (13), mountable pivotably on the turning block (27) and capable of being set up transversely with respect to a horizontal plane (47) of the foundation (29), against tipping over,

   characterized in that the securing device (45) can be fastened to the foundation (29) separately from the turning block (27) via stays.
10. Method for the vertical orientation of a turbomachine rotor (13) or its tie rod (15) to be set up perpendicularly to the horizontal plane, in which the already approximately perpendicularly set-up rotor (13) or tie rod (15) is supported by a supporting surface (61) arranged on a securing device (45) or assembly apparatus (23),
    characterized in that,
    after the rotor (13) or tie rod (15) has been set up approximately perpendicularly, this is oriented into the vertical by means of a displacement of the supporting surfaces (61) already supporting it laterally.

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